高一第二学期期中考试
南京市金陵中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试化学试卷(含答案)
金陵中学2023-2024学年度第二学期期中考试高一化学试卷注意事项：1．本试卷分为选择题和非选择题两部分，共100分，考试时间75分钟。
2．将选择题的答案填涂在答题卡的对应位置上，非选择题的答案写在答题卡的指定栏目内。
可能用到的相对原子质量H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23 Mg 24 Al 27 Si 28 S 32 Cl 35.5 K 39 Ca 40 Fe 56 Cu 64 Zn 65 Ag 108一、单项选择题：共16题，每题3分，共48分。
每小题只有一个选项最符合题意。
1．2023年2月24日，“逐梦寰宇问苍穹”中国载人航天工程30年成就展在国家博物馆开展，展厅里的一件件展品，都是中国载人航天追求卓越、不断创新的印迹。
下列有关说法错误的是（ ） A ．神舟十五号飞船使用的铝合金和钛合金均属于金属材料 B ．航天器使用的太阳能电池帆板的主要成分是硅单质 C ．飞船返回舱表层的结构材料成分与普通玻璃相同D ．“天宫课堂”的泡腾片（某种酸和3NaHCO 固体的混合物）实验中生成的是2CO2．氯化硅陶瓷是一种新型无机非金属材料。
其硬度仅次于金刚石、重量钢材的三分之一，用其制成的陶瓷轴承转速可以高达10000转/秒，可以耐1200℃高温并且有自润滑作用。
以下是部分结构材料的结构细节，其中可能是氮化硅的是（ ）3．在2SO 参与的下列反应中，体现出2SO 的氧化性的是（ ） A ．2232SO 2OHSO H O --++B ．222SO 2H S 3S 2H O +↓+C ．22224SO Cl 2H O2Cl SO 4H --+++++ D ．22224SO H O 2H SO +-++ 4．金属的冶炼体现了人类文明的发展历程，下列关于金属冶炼的说法不正确的是（ ） A ．炼铁：用焦炭和空气反应产生的CO 在高温下还原铁矿石中铁的氧化物 B ．制镁：用2H 还原氧化镁制得金属Mg C ．制钠：电解熔融的NaCl 获得金属NaD ．制铝：用36Na AlF 作培剂，电解熔融23Al O 制得金属铝 5．物质的性质决定用途，下列两者对应关系不正确的是（ ） A ．晶体硅是一种半导体材料，常用于制造光导纤维B ．二氧化硫具有还原性，可添加在葡萄酒中防止葡萄酒中的些成分被氧化C ．二氧化氯在水中的杀菌、消毒能力强，可以对使用水进行消毒D ．液氨汽化时吸收大量的热，可用作制冷剂 阅读以下资料，并回答6~8题氨的常见氧化物有氨（3NH ）和肼（24N H ）。
2023~2024学年度第二学期高一年级期中考试数学试卷
唐山市第三十六中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试数学试卷一、选择题1．判断下列各命题的真假：①向量与平行，则与的方向相同或相反；②两个有共同起点而且相等的向量，其终点必相同；③零向量是没有方向的；④向量就是有向线段.其中假命题的个数为（ ）A ．2B ．3C ．4D ．52．如图，分别是长方体的棱的中点，则等于（ ）A ．B ．C ．D ．3．已知，，为非零平面向量，则下列说法正确的是（ ）A ．B ．若，则C ．若，则，D ．4．已知向量，，且，则实数的值为（ ）A ．B ．3C ．8D ．125．已知单位向量，的夹角为，则（ ）A ．1BCD ．36．在中，角A ，B ，C 所对边分别为，，，，则值等于（ ）a b a b E F ，ABCD A B C D '-'''AB CD ，AB CF + AD 'AC ' DE AE a b c()()a b c a b c ⋅⋅=⋅⋅ a c b c ⋅=⋅ a b =//a bλR ∃∈λb a = ||||||a b a b ⋅=⋅ (2,4)a = (,6)b m =- //a bm 3-a b 2π3a b -= ABC V ,,a b c π3A =2b =8c =22a b c sinA sinB sinC -+-+AB ．CD7．已知复数在复平面内对应的点在第四象限，则实数的取值范围是（ ）A ．B ．C ．D ．8．在三棱锥P －ABC 中，PA ⊥底面ABC ，PA ＝2，底面ABC 是边长为的正三角形，M 为AC 的中点，球O 是三棱锥P －ABM 的外接球．若D 是球0上一点，则三棱锥D －PAC 的体积的最大值是（ ）A．2B ．CD二、多项选择题9．在△ABC 中，下列说法正确的是（ ）A ．若，则B ．若，则C ．若，则D ．若，则10．若关于 方程 （ 是实数）有两个不等复数根 ，其中 （ 是虚数单位），下面四个选项正确的有（ ）A ．B．C ．D ．11．如图，在直三棱柱中，，，E 为的中点，过AE 的截面与棱BB 、分别交于点F 、G ，则下列说法中正确的是（ ）(2)(1)i z m m =+++m (2,1)--(,2)(1,)⋃-∞--+∞(1,)-+∞(,2)-∞-A B C >>sinA sinB sinC>>A B C >>222sin A sin B sin C>>A B C >>cosA cosB cosC<<A B C >>222cos A cos B cos C<<x 的20x px q ++=p q ，αβ和12α=-+i 1αβ⨯=21αβ=2αβ=332αβ+=111ABC A B C -90ACB ∠=︒12AC BC CC ===11B C 11A CA ．当点F 为棱中点时，截面B ．线段长度的取值范围是C ．当点F 与点B 重合时，三棱锥的体积为D ．存在点F ，使得三、填空题12．已知平面和直线，给出条件：①；②；③；④；⑤．（1）当满足条件 时，有；（2）当满足条件 时，有．（填所选条件的序号）13．下列说法正确的序号为 ．①若复数，则；②若全集为复数集，则实数集的补集为虚数集；③已知复数，，若，则，均为实数；④复数的虚部是1．14．如图，在四边形 中，对角线 与 相交于点 .已知 ，， ，且 是 的中点，若 ，则 的值为 .四、解答题15．如图，在平面四边形ABCD 中，已知，，△ABC 为等边三角形，记．1BB AFEG 3++1C G []01，C AEF -431A F AE ⊥αβ，m αm P αm ⊥αm ⊂αβ⊥αβP βm P βm ⊥3i z =+13i 1010z =-1z 2z 12z z >1z 2z 3i 1z =-+ABCD AC BD O AC BC =AC BC ⊥AD BD ⊥O AC 2AD AB CD CB ⋅-⋅= AC BD ⋅ 1AD =2CD =αADC ∠=（1）若，求△ABD 的面积；（2）若，求△ABD 的面积的取值范围．16．已知向量.（1）当时，求的值；（2）设函数，且，求 的最大值以及对应的的值.17．已知是关于x 的实系数一元二次方程.（1）若a是方程的一个根，且，求实数k 的值；（2）若，是该方程的两个实根，且，求使的值为整数的所有k 的值.18．如图，多面体 中，底面 是菱形， ，四边形 是正方形且 平面 .（1）求证：平面 ；（2）若 ，求多面体 的体积 .19．如图，两个相同的正四棱锥底面重合组成一个八面体，可放入一个底面为正方形的长方体内，且长方体的正方形底面边长为2，高为4，已知重合的底面与长方体的正方形底面平行，八面体的各顶点均在长方体的表面上．πα3=πα,π2⎛⎫∈⎪⎝⎭)1cos 12a x x b ⎛⎫==- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭，a b ⊥ tan x ()()f x a b b =+⋅ π02x ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦，()f x x 24410kx kx k -++=1a =1x 2x Z k ∈1221x x x x +ABCDEF ABCD 60BCD ∠=︒BDEF DE ⊥ABCD //CF ADE AE =ABCDEF V（2）求该八面体表面积S的取值范围．。
福建省漳州市乙级学校联盟2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试语文试题(解析版)
2023-2024学年第二学期漳州市乙类级联盟校高一年期中质量检测语文试题注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的准考证号、姓名、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。
用2B铅笔在“考场号”和“座位号”栏相应位置填涂自己的考场号和座位号。
将条形码粘贴在答题卡“条形码粘贴处”。
2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。
3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。
不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）现代文阅读I（本题共5小题，19分）阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。
材料一：《文心雕龙·隐秀》说：“夫隐之为体，义生文外，秘响傍通，伏采潜发，譬爻象之变互体，川渎之的启发性和暗示性，以唤起读者的联想，让他们自己去体会和发现作品中隽永深长的意趣。
这正是中国文学的艺术妙谛。
唐朝司空图在《与李生论诗书》中提出“味外之旨”“韵外之致”，在《与极浦书》中提出“象外之象”“景外之景”，在《二十四诗品》中又说“不着一字，尽得风流”。
这都是要求诗歌通过有限的字句启发读者无穷的想象。
注重言外之意，言有尽而意无穷。
中国古代的抒情诗由于篇幅短小，所以特别注重含蓄，要求短中见长，小中见大，言近意远，含蓄不尽。
如柳宗元的《江雪》：“千山鸟飞绝，万径人踪灭。
孤舟蓑笠翁，独钓寒江雪。
”前两句并没有明说下雪，只说山上的鸟都飞走了，路上人的足迹也不见了。
这样，读者便可以想象出一幅铺天盖地的雪景。
在这样的背景下，诗人安排了一只孤舟，一个披着蓑衣戴着斗笠的渔翁，垂钓江雪之中，不为外界变化所动。
那种我行我素、遗世独立的情趣，蕴涵在字里行间，很耐人寻味。
（摘编自袁行霈《中国文学概论》）材料二：含蓄作为一种美的形态，是诗人创作的共同追求，也是读者鉴赏再创造的需要。
上海中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题(含答案)
上海中学2023学年第二学期期中考试英语试题高一______班学号______ 姓名______ 成绩______Ⅰ．Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and a question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1．A．15 dollars. B．20 dollars. C．25 dollars. D．45 dollars.2．A．To the gallery. B．To the dentist’s.C．To her flat. D．To the garage.3．A．She was fired by the company. B．She broke the law.C．She is on leave right now. D．She is replacing the company’s website.4．A．Patient and doctor. B．Resident and government official.C．Customer and insurance agent. D．Boss and secretary.5．A．He was sitting opposite Mr. Johnson. B．He is planning a farewell party for Mr. Johnson.C．All the tasks that Mr. Johnson did failed. D．He is glad Mr. Johnson left the company.6．A．She prefers dogs to cats.B．She had a close relationship with the man’s daughter.C．She used to sorrow over her dog’s death.D．She is always in low spirits.7．A．The woman should get the chips herself. B．The woman shouldn’t eat chips.C．The woman used to have several heart attacks. D．The woman warned the man against heart attacks. 8．A．They plan to have the meeting in another place.B．The availability of the meeting room will be discussed.C．They have already had the meeting.D They will have the meeting sometime later.9．A．The car’s demand greatly exceeds supply.B．The woman has listed the car’s advantages.C．The woman received a car a month ago. D．The woman didn’t like the car.10．A．She won’t do the presentation.B．She needs to collect a lot of data for the presentation.C．She is still at an early stage of preparation for the presentation.D．The topic is most important for the presentation.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked some questions on the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but thequestions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you’ve heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11．A．The type of food you freeze. B．The way you warm up the frozen food.C．Whether the freezer bags are sealed. D．What temperature you set your freezer to. 12．A．Because they can be easily stocked.B．Because they fit well in the fridge.C．Because they come in different sizes and shapes. D．Because they help to keep the dry food dry 13．A．Prevent people from eating too much food.B．Stop people from removing food that hasn’t gone bad.C．Make people become cautious about eating unhealthy food.D．Make people become ambitious in making use of leftover food.Questions 14 through 17 are based on the following passage.14．A．Postpone retirement age. B．Involve more women in work.C．Hire more foreign workers. D．Attract workers with high salaries.15．A．Relieve pressure on human nursing care.B．Take care of children and the elderly.C．Finally replace humans in workforce. D．Give humans more time to r creative work. 16．A．Robots can’t do certain work. B．Some people don’t accept robots.C．The expenses for robots are still high. D．The functions of robots need improving.17．A．Japan struggles to fight workforce shortage.B．Japanese attitudes towards robots change a lot.C．Robots have played a major role in Japan’s industry.D．Robots can help in Japanese workforce shortage.Questions 18 through 20 are based on the following conversation.18．A．The cruise liner will provide all sorts of food and entertainment.B．Only half of the cabins will be filled up.C．The prices of unsold tickets will be reduced.D．Everyone will be able to afford the ticket.19．A．Book tickets as soon as they are available. B．Closely watch the changes of ticket prices C．Compare deals from different sources. D．Keep in contact with a travel age n you can trust. 20．A．Because cruise tours are only suitable for people who have much free time.B．Because he can work part-time to earn money to pay for the tour.C．Because doing price research and comparing takes time.D．Because he can sail shortly after buying the cheap ticket.Ⅱ．Grammar and VocabularySection A Multiple Choice21．No man is useless in this world ______ lightens the burden of someone else.A．which B．that C．who D．as22．______ be considered for the role of team leader in our upcoming project?A．Who do you suggest that should B．Who do you suggestC．Whom do you suggest should D．Do you suggest who should23．I’m now applying to graduate school, ______ means someday I’ll return to a profession ______people need to be nice to me in order to get what they want.A．which, as B．which, which C．which, where D．as, in which24．The reason ______ she gave for her resignation was ______ she wanted to pursue her passion for travel and exploration.A．that, that B．why, that C．why, because D．/, because25．It might be years ______ we ______ the creation of artificial intelligence systems capable of true human-like cognition.A．since, made possible B．before, make possibleC．since, made possible that D．before, make it possible26．The budget for the project ended up being twice ______, causing unexpected financial strain on the company. A．how it intended to B．that it had intended toC．as it intended to D．what it was intended to27．It was ______ she took her first step onto foreign soil ______ signaled the beginning of a journey filled with unknown adventures and unforgettable experiences.A．the moment, that B．the moment, whenC．the moment when, that D．the moment when, which28．The complexities of the English language are ______ even native speakers cannot always communicate effectively, ______ almost every American learns on his first day in Britain.A．so that, as B．such that, as C．so that, with D．such that, in that29．His confidence and strong will clearly show that he is no longer ______ he used to be the first time ______ he undertook such a demanding task.A．who, when B．who, / C．what, / D．what, that30．It was not so much her talent ______ her perseverance and determination ______ motivated her to the top of her field.A but. that B．as, that C．nor, which D．like, which31．______ the children tracked mud all over them again.A．No sooner did he sweep the floors clean than B．Hardly had he sweep the floors clean whenC．Barely he had swept the floors clean than D．Scarcely had he swept the floors clean when32．Although the suspect insisted ______ alone during the time of the crime, the court still demanded ______ evidence to support his alibi.A．being at home, he should provide B．he be at home, he providedC．he was at home, be provide D．he was at home, he providing33．Visitors are permitted to take photographs for personal use only, ______ stated otherwise by the museum staff. A．though B．if C．as D．unless34．The recipe book features helpful ______, making it easier for learners to visualize the cooking process.A．explanation B．demonstrations C．illustrations D．presentations35．The heroic idea that ______ qualities such as excellence, generosity courage, loyalty and dignity is highly valued and modeled.A．embraces B．identifies C．examines D．criticizes36．______ by the work pressure, he has been experiencing serious physical symptoms of stress and had to turn to a therapist for help.A．Overwhelmed B．Disappointed C．Frustrated D．Shocked37．After witnessing her tireless dedication to practice every day, the parents were ______ her enthusiasm for playing the piano.A．concerned with B．committed to C．informed of D convinced of38．When we ______ the data further, we can identify specific trends and patterns that may not be evident at first glance.A．break up B．break out C．break through D．break down39．The temptation for a declining church to ______ old privileges is strong.A．hang on to B．settle for C．pass up D．sign for40．After signing the contract, every employee is ______ fulfill their duties and conform to the rules made by the company.A．reluctant to B．obliged to C．motivated to D．honored to41．Due to the long-term environmental and financial benefits, renewable energy technologies are ______ A．worthwhile to develop B．worth being developedC．worthy to be developed D．worthy of developingSection B VocabularyDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Stressed out? Get chewing: can a wellness rebrand make Americans buy gum again?When was the last time you saw someone chewing gum? 1998, maybe? 2007? Chances are, it probably wasn’t recently. Like high heels and affordable housing, chewing gum appears to be going 42Gum’s popularity has been fading globally thanks to increased competition from products like breath mints and mobile phones distracting us from impulse purchases while shopping. The pandemic, moreover, 43 ·accelerated gum’s decline.Even after people 44 from lockdown, sales didn’t recover. Gum sales worldwide in 2023 were 10% below 2018 figures. In the US, the drop has been particularly pronounced: last year 1.2 billion units of gum were sold in the US, 32% fewer than in 2018.However, chewing gum, in various forms, is one of the oldest habits there is. Stone age teenagers were chewing birch bar k tar possibly for pleasure, medicinal purposes, or to use it as a glue. Gum has also been loaded with culturalmeaning and the subject of various 45 panics. Some people believe it is a marker of the bad kids or a habit of the lower class.Despite a certain amount of social stigma（污名）attached to gum, it has - until relatively recently -been a wildly successful product. That’s thanks to William Wrigley Jr, who was a marketing and advertising genius. Wrigley always 46 to find a way to make gum relevant and insert it into consumer culture. For example, Wrigley advertised the idea that chewing gum was a health aid that would help digestion and would relieve stress.This year the Wrigley brand’s owner —Mars—came out with an ad campaign it hopes will revive gum’s 47 by positioning it as an almost instant stress reliever. Linking gum with wellness worked in the 1910s, but is it going to work now? Alex Hayes at the food consultancy is 48 optimistic. “The global well ness market is estimated to be worth more than $1.5 trillion, so it’s no surprise that Mars wants a piece of the pie,” Hayes says. “We’ve seen the success of categories such as tea promoting their products via functional 49 and messaging-teas for good sleep, mental clarity, stress relief, etc. So it comes as no surprise that Mars is risking the same 50 .” But he also notes, customers are increasingly worried about processed foods and are eager to move away from artificial 51 . There’s still ongoing discussion on just how effective repositioning chewable plastic as a health supplement is going to be. Ⅲ．Reading ComprehensionSection A ClozeDirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.It’s safe to say Jeremy Scott is having a lucky year. In March while working as a chauffeur, he told his boss about his plans to set up a driving business. By the end of the journey, Scott’s boss had offered to 52 his idea-a starting capital along with the gift of a £110,000 limousine（豪车）to kick start the business.Of course, there’s an element of luck to everyone’s career. Whether you’re a chief executive or an artist — your 53 won’t be based on hard work alone. For example, the place you were born 54 your education. It determines whether you learn to read, write or complete qualifications, which 55 limits your career choices.Many people believe success is down to talent and hard work, but “this is because most people underestimate the role of 56 ”, says psychologist Dr Elizabeth Nutt Williams. “We do a lot of work to prepare for ourcareers-education, training, taking advantage of mentoring-all of which tend to be in our control.” People don’t like to acknowledge the role of luck in their work, as it 57 this feeling of being in control, adds Williams.Everyone remembers working hard, so people are more likely to overestimate how much of their success is down to diligence than something much more 58 like luck.The reality of success （at least in terms of 59 ）is less clear cut. In the UK, studies show where you are born is likely to determine how much you earn.2017 research found that there is a “class pay gap’’, where professional employers from 60 backgrounds are paid almost £7,000 less a year — despite having the same role, education and experience as colleagues from more privileged families. 61 , black graduates earn up to 23% less per hour than white university leavers, whereas woman in the UK earn 14% less on average than men.Socio-economic status also plays a big role in the 62 you enter. A recent study by the Debrett’s Foundation found seven in every 10 young people aged 16-25 use 63 to get their first job. While research has shown that less able, richer children are 35% more likely to become high earners than their brighter. poorer peers.The truth is: chance and coincidences 64 our careers more than we like to think. Realizing that parts of your career are out of your control sounds 65 , but being grateful for the role of luck in your career can actually make you more fortunate.This is because when you acknowledge the role of luck in your work, you become prepared to take advantage of more fortunate moments. “Chance events occur·but it is all about the individual’s 66 to see those events as possibilities and their willingness to take a risk,” says Williams.52．A．challenge B．adopt C．finance D．reject53．A．performances B．accomplishments C．assessments D．outcomes54．A．accounts for B．applies to C．makes up for D．depends on55．A．in reward B．after all C．in turn D．by nature56．A．chance B．accident C．education D．diligence57．A．emphasizes B．overlooks C．maintains D．weakens58．A．manageable B．vital C．slippery D．minor59．A．reputation B．income C．education D．occupation60．A．wealthier B．poorer C．unique D．diverse61．A．Nevertheless B．Contrarily C．Consequently D．Similarly62．A．profession B．circle C．community D．university63．A．certificates B．online platforms C．career fairs D．family connections64．A．contribute to B．result from C．add to D．hold back65．A．inspiring B．encouraging C．appealing D．discouraging66．A．reluctance B．eagerness C．readiness D．resolutionSection B Passages（A）When you think about coffee alternatives, garlic is probably one of the last things that comes to mind, but that is exactly the ingredient that one Japanese inventor used to create a drink that looks and tastes like coffee.74-year-old Yokitomo Shimotai, a coffee shop owner in Aomori Prefecture, Japan, claims that his unique “garlic coffee” is the result of a cooking blunder he made over 30 years ago, when he burned a steak and garlic while waiting tables at the same time. Intrigued by the burnt garlic’s smell, he mashed it up with a spoon and mixed it with hot water. The resulting drink looked and tasted a lot like coffee. Making a mental note of his discovery, Yokimoto carried on with his job and only started researching garlic coffee again after he retired.Committed to turning his weird drink into a commercial product, Yokitomo Shimotai spent years optimizing the formula, and about five years ago, he finally achieved a result he was satisfied with. To make his dissolvable garlic grounds, he roasts the cloves（蒜瓣）in an electric oven, and after they’ve cooled off, smashes them into fine particles and pac ks them in dripbags.“My drink is probably the world’s first of its kind,” the garlic coffee inventor told Kyodo News. “It contains no caffeine so it’s good for those who would like to drink coffee at night or pregnant women.”“The bitterness of burned garl ic apparently helps create the coffee-like flavor,” Shimotai adds. He claims that, although his garlic coffee does give off an aroma of roasted garlic, it doesn’t cause bad breath, because the garlic isthoroughly cooked. And if you can get past the smell, the drink apparently does taste a lot like actual coffee. If decaf isn’t good enough for you, and you’re in the mood for something new, you can try Yokitomo Shimotai’s garlic coffee at his shop, in the city of Ninohc, lwate Prefecture, or buy your own dripbags for just 324 yen（$2.8）. 67．Which word is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “blunder” in the second paragraph?A mistake B．show C．mixture D．brand68．Who is NOT suitable to drink garlic coffee?A．A student having trouble with sleep B．A woman bearing a baby.C．A cleaner working on a day shift. D．A young lady sick of garlic.69．Which of the following is NOT characteristic of garlic coffee?A．It is caffeine-free. B．Garlic powder dissolves in waterC．The burnt garlic create s bitterness. D．It is an improvement on a garlic dish.70．Which of the following can be used to describe Yokitomo Shimotai?A．Venturous and greedy B．Innovative and perseverantC．Hardworking and cautious D．Observant and helpful（B）71．By “how they stacked up” in paragraph 1, the author probably means “how they ______.”A．make sense to manufacturers B．get stuck in storesC are compared with each other D．are piled up together72．Which of the following devices favourably reacts to users?A．Dreampad pillow B．Eight sleep trackerC．Smart Nora Wireless Snoring Solution D．Nightingale Smart Home Sleep System73．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A．The Eight keeps the entire bed at the same temperature.B．The Nightinga, is an economical but perfect device.C．Soft music is applied to all these four devices.D．One in three people suffer from sleep problem.（C）One way to divide up the world is between people who like to explore new possibilities and those who stick to the tried and true. In fact, the tension between betting on a sure thing and taking a chance that something unexpected and wonderful might happen troubles human and nonhuman animals alike.Take songbirds, for example. The half-dozen finches（雀）resting at my desk feeder all summer know exactly what they’ll find there: black sunflower seed, and lots of it. Meanwhile, the warblers（莺）exploring the woods nearby don’t depend on this predictable food source in fine weather. As food hunters, they enjoy less exposure to predators and, as a bonus, the chance to meet the perfect mate flying from tree to tree.This “explore-exploit” trade-off（权衡）has prompted scores of lab studies, computer simulations and algorithms （算法）, trying to determine which strategy brings in the greatest reward. Now a new study of human behavior in the real world, published last month in the journal Nature Communications, shows that in good times, there isn’t much of a difference between pursuing novelty and sticking to the status quo（原状）. When the going gets tough. however, explorers are the winners.The new study, led by Shay O’Farrell and James Sanchirico, both of the Univ ersity of California, Davis, along with Orr Spiegel of Tel Aviv University, examined the routes and results of nearly 2,500 commercial fishing trips in the Gulf of Mexico over a period of 2.5 years. The study focused on “bottom longline” fishing, a system where hundreds of lines are attached to a horizontal bar that is then lowered to reach the sea bed. Dr. O’Farrell explained the procedure this way: Go to a location and put the line down. Stay for a few hours. The lines are a mile long and have a buoy （浮标）at either end. When they pull that up, they assess the catch, and then decide if they will stay or move on to a different spot.Over two years of collecting data under various climate conditions, the researchers discovered that the fishermen were fairly c onsistent. “The exploiters would go to a smaller set of locations over and over, and go with what theyknow,” Dr. O’Farrell said. The explorers would constantly try a wider range; they’d sample new places.In the long run, there wasn’t a huge difference in payoffs between the two groups, perhaps due to the sharing information between fishing crews, said Dr. O’Farrell. But in challenging times, the study’s message was clear: “You can try new things in the face of uncertainty.”74．The author takes the songbird as an example to indicate that ______.A．like birds, humans tend to be satisfied with the predictableB．some birds are used to looking for food instead of being fedC．there exist the conservative and the adventurous like humansD．birds choose different ways to look for food in different weather75．According to the third paragraph, people who mastered “explore-exploit” trade-off ______.A．will choose either to pursue novelty or keep the status quoB．are ready to risk in time of difficultyC．will be tough in good times and bad timesD．will grow to be experts in lab studies76．Which can be inferred from the new study led by Shay O’Farrell and James Sanchirico?A．The two groups react to the unexpected differently.B．The “explore-exploit” trade-off helps scientific research a lot.C．The exploiters are used to fishing based solely on their experience.D．The explorers tend to achieve more than the exploiters in the long run.77．Which of the following can be the best title for passage?A．How the Exploiter differs from the Explorer B．How to Become a Productive FishermanC．What is “Explore-Exploit” Trade-off D．When to take risks mattersSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The Maya loved cacao so much that they used the beans as currency. They also believed it is good for you—which many people still say today about cacao’s most famous byproduct, chocolate. 78 . While some have suggested that less than an ounce of dark chocolate might improve heart health, much of the research doesn’t involve eating actual chocolate but rather its components — flavanol, especially.79 . In a clinical trial of 21,000 adults, they found that the half of the group that took500mg of. cocoaflavanol supplements daily had a significantly lower risk of death from cardiovascular disease than those who had taken a placebo（安慰剂）.Flavanols may also boost insulin sensitivity, according to some studies, which might be helpful in reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes（糖尿病）. 80 . Those at risk of diabetes might be wise to choose a cacao-inspired supplement instead of eating chocolate—and the sugar it contains. Other research suggests that the flavanols found in cacao （also present in fruits, vegetables, and tea）could slow cognitive decline during aging, or even boost brain performance by improving blood flow to the cerebral cortex.What these findings mean for chocolate is limited, however. Participants would have had to eat multiple fat and sugar filled chocolate bars a day to source 500mg of flavanols. 81 . So understanding why certain types of chocolate are healthier than the rest is the focus of further research.Ⅳ．Fill in the BlanksHow sneaker culture took over the worldSneakers have come a long way from when they were first invented in 1860s England for the upper-class playing croquet（槌球）and tennis.Long worn for function 82 82 fashion, today sneakers have become an entire culture—both a form of self-expression and a high art found in museum exhibits and designer auction houses.83 transformed sneaker culture into a true phenomenon was the 1985 release of Nike’s Air Jordan 1s. In 1984, Michael Jordan was a talented rookie who had yet to play in a professional game. 84 that, Nike saw Jordan as the future of their brand, signing him to a five-year, $2.5 million endorsement（代言）deal. 85 Jordan matured into one of the greatest basketball players of all time, the sneaker’s popularity skyrocketed.Meanwhile, another cultural shift 86 （take）place with casual Fridays introduced in white-collar businesses. It was when men were allowed to put aside their suits and wear something one day a week that showed people who they really were.As sneakers became increasingly desired, footwear companies turned to 87 （generate）even more publicity by collaborating with celebrities and luxury brands, as well as releasing small batches of limited-edition shoes with eye-pop ping designs.Celebrities also started their collaborations with sneaker brands, which helped target a whole new demographic of people to experience sneaker culture. It was a blending of high and low fashion, 88 the shoe industry has never really seen before. A pair that Jordan wore in his legendary final NBA season 89 （sell ）even for $2.2 mllion, making them the most expensive sneakers ever to appear at auction.By the mid-2010s, speakers 90 （become）solid gold status symbols. Wearing rare and cool sneakers became an expression of one’s social status. But not until recently, sneakers are finally getting their due as part of our cultural heritage—and particularly how Black culture has shaped that heritage. It took decades for the sneaker industry to recognize that 91 these Black athletes or artists that championed their products there would be no sneaker culture.Ⅴ．Translations92．结果看来这项传统的确值得传承给我们的后代。
北京市2023—2024学年高一下学期期中考试语文试卷含答案
北京市2023～2024学年第二学期期中考试高一语文（答案在最后）2024年4月班级姓名考号（考试时间150分钟满分150分）提示：试卷答案请一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
在答题卡上，选择题用2B 铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色签字笔作答。
一、本大题共5小题，共18分。
阅读下面材料，完成下面小题。
材料一阅读是伟大的文化发明，但文字出现的历史非常短暂，人类尚不足以进化出一个先天的“阅读脑”。
这意味着，我们无法仅依靠遗传获得阅读技能。
我们之所以能够完成从“非阅读脑”到“阅读脑”的转变，既有赖于先天的大脑特性，又有赖于后天的阅读训练。
虽然人类没有进化出“阅读脑”，但先天拥有“口语脑”。
口语是人类自然习得的本能。
通过遗传，每一个准备接受阅读训练的个体已经具备了从语音通达语义的口语加工脑区和环路。
这些加工口语的脑区与环路即是“阅读脑”形成的开端。
从出生到死亡，人类的大脑并非一成不变，你可以把大脑想象成一台持续更新的机器，始终处于调整变化中。
这种能够不停“重组”的特性被称为“脑的神经可塑性”。
后天的阅读训练，有针对性地促成了先天脑的重组，其中最重要的改变当属视觉词形区的出现。
法国认知神经科学家斯坦尼斯拉斯•德阿纳比较了无阅读能力（文盲）和有阅读能力的两组成年人，发现在阅读任务中，有阅读能力组的左脑梭状回（即视觉词形区）在观看文字时的活跃强度要高于观看人脸、房屋等其他视觉刺激时的活跃强度；而文盲组，相应的脑区未发现异常活跃现象。
这一发现首次直接证明了阅读训练对脑区功能的塑造作用。
除此之外，阅读还会“改写”大脑的灰质和白质结构。
一项追踪研究发现，与刚入学时相比，儿童在二年级时，左半球的顶下小叶、中央前回和中央后回的灰质体积有所减小，推测是阅读训练引发了相关脑区神经突触的修剪过程，使这些脑区变得更加精简高效。
另一项研究发现，8-10岁儿童在接受100小时的阅读训练后，白质纤维束的走向一致性显著增强，意味着不同脑区之间的信息传输能力有所提高。
北京市西城区2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试语文试卷含答案
北京2023～2024学年第二学期期中练习高一语文（答案在最后）2024.04注意事项：1.本试卷共5页，共八道大题，24小题，满分150分。
考试时间150分钟。
2.在试卷和答题纸上准确填写班级、姓名、学号。
3.试卷答案填写在答题纸的相应位置上，在试卷上作答无效。
4.在答题纸上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。
第I卷一、（共15分）阅读下面的文字，完成下列小题。
江南暮春清明风俗随着寒食、清明、上巳的来临，江南已是红梅零落，樱花渐离枝头，桃花也随雨打风吹去了。
江南的暮春习俗像是在彷徨中寻找着什么寄托。
以水驱邪与魏晋修禊《孝经纬》记载：“春分后十五日……为清明三月节。
万物至此皆洁齐而清明矣。
”古人对于“洁”的渴求出于对死亡的恐惧。
暮春时节，寒热不定，疾病时来侵袭。
古人认为这是被压抑的阴气或浊气在作怪，用洁净的流水来清除浊邪成了必要举动。
明代以来，江南地区产生了许多以水清除浊邪的“方法”，如三月初二以桃叶浸井水服食，传说可治心病；三月初三取枸杞煎汤沐浴，能使皮肤光泽不衰。
人们对这些方法的信任，大抵都源于临水修禊的风俗。
修禊，是古人祈福消灾的仪式，通常在三月上旬巳日临水举行，自魏晋以后，上巳节的日期固定为三月初三。
《晋书·王羲之传》记载“暮春之初，会于会稽山阴之兰亭，修禊事也”，说的就是著名的兰亭雅集。
当日，王羲之与众名士相聚曲水之畔，三杯两盏之后，他联想到战争的频繁与生命之脆弱，感慨：“固．知一死生为虚诞，齐彭殇为妄作。
后之视今，亦犹今之视昔，悲夫！故列叙时人，录其所述。
”庄周在《齐物论》中告诉世人：生为梦幻，死是苏醒，早逝（殇）反而能使人走向长生（彭）。
王羲之并不相信修禊的功效，认为死亡总是突然来袭，同时也不接受庄周为消解死亡恐惧所提出的解释。
王羲之与名士们聚饮赋诗，且将雅集诗作逐一记录，企图通过这种方式创造一条与后人沟通的途径——这是对死亡的新知。
寒食禁火与唐人祭墓寒食，在清明前一两日。
高一下学期期中考试语文试卷(新高考)(含解析)
高一下学期期中考试语文试卷（新高考）（含解析）绝密★启用前2022-2023学年高一下学期期中考试语文试卷（新高考）（答案解析版）语文1．D【解析】本题考查对文章内容的理解和分析的能力。
“横观现实有助于研究历史”错误，无中生有。
文章只在第二段引用李大钊的话“纵观人间的过去者便是历史，横观人间的现在者便是社会”时提到“横观现实”这一概念，“也就是说，要洞察现实的社会，就不能不研究过去的历史。
”但其中并没有提到“横观现实”与“历史研究”的关系。
2．C【解析】本题考查分析概括作者在文中的观点态度的能力。
C．“而想象力丰富与否决定了诗歌作品的质量”错误，由材料二第二段“单纯考察想象力是否‘丰富’，并不能决定文学作品的价值，重要的还是想象力的质量的高下”可知，想象力是否丰富不是诗歌作品价值的决定因素，想象力质量的高下影响诗歌的价值。
故选C。
3．C【解析】本题考查理解文中重要概念的含义的能力。
C．《登太白峰》臆造人物、虚构境地，借助离奇的想象写作，属于艺术想象力。
故选C。
①用假想比附事实；②生造出所谓“隐”的人和事来。
【解析】本题考查理解文章内容，筛选并整合文中信息的能力。
根据文中“他可以有深入而巧妙的推论，但必须时刻保持充分的自制力，以防止将事实纳入假想的框架。
《红楼梦》研究中曾有过‘索隐派’，他们借助离奇的想象，抓住书中的只言片语或某一个人物、情节，跟清代史事相比附，测字猜谜式地从中‘索’出所‘隐’的人和事来。
这是需要我们注意的”可知，“索隐派”用假想比附事实，生造出所谓“隐”的人和事来。
能够将诗性的幻想和具体生存的真实性作扭结一体的游走。
如昌耀的《峨日朵雪峰之侧》就是将深刻体验到的生命、理念、立场、情感，倾注、融贯到精心选择的生命意象中，通过丰富的想象，雕铸成一幅幅真实而顽强的生命图画；郭沫若的《立在地球边上放号》，作者面对浩渺无边的大海，那惊天的激浪和着时代的洪流一起撞击着他的胸怀。
这首对于力的赞歌，正是那种向旧世界、旧文化、旧传统猛烈冲击的时代精神的象征。
辽宁省沈阳市第二中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试语文试卷(含答案)
沈阳二中2023-2024学年度下学期期中考试高一（26届）语文试题说明：1.考试时长：150分钟满分：150分2.考生务必将答案答在答题卡相应位置上，在试卷上作答无效。
第I卷（71分）一、现代文阅读（36分）(一）现代文阅读I(本题共5小题，18分）阅读下面的文字，完成1-5题。
材料一：《千里江山图》是北宋王希孟创作的绢本设色画，现收藏于北京故宫博物院，是国宝级文物。
在这幅近12米的长卷中，王希孟主要运用了石青、石绿两种矿物质颜料，以细腻的工笔勾勒出连绵起伏的群山、烟波浩渺的江海、点缀其间的村舍、江中独钓的渔翁和挺拔秀丽的松竹。
以《千里江山图》为创作蓝本的舞蹈诗剧《只此青绿》以一场视听盛宴掀起了文化自信的国潮热，引发了一轮对“青绿腰”的模仿热，影响力覆盖全民。
《只此青绿》打破了赏画的平面视角，用多维的舞蹈语言和舞台空间让《千里江山图》这幅画“活”了起来。
青绿女子刚柔并济，舞姿翩跹，曼妙的“青绿腰”将古典式的奇幻美学呈现得淋漓尽致，使观众获得了私享画作的沉浸感。
这独特的沉浸式“赏画”方式重塑了当代观众对传统中国画的审美体验，这“复活的艺术品”成为了连接古今的时空穿梭机，让观众穿越时空与画家王希孟对话，走进王希孟的心路历程，走进北宋工匠艺人们的生活。
这种赏画经验的革新，让源远流长的传统文化焕发了新的生命力。
一直以来，守正与创新都是古典题材舞蹈创作者们的共识。
“守正”体现在尊重历史文化传统上。
五千多年的中华文明，为新的文化创造提供了丰沛源泉。
而“创新”则是在表现形式、叙事手法、舞蹈技巧等舞蹈要素的“文化性”上进行的想象和开发。
《只此青绿》为优秀传统文化的创新性表达做出了一次成功探索。
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陇南一中2010-2011学年第二学期期中考试
高一 数学试题
考试范围：数学必修三（算法、统计和概率）
考生注意：本试题共分两卷，第Ⅰ卷的答案涂在答题卡相应的位置，第Ⅱ卷在答题纸上作答.
第Ⅰ卷
一、选择题：本大题共12小题，每小题5分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的.
1.把二进制数1101（2）化为十进制数是 ( )
A.5
B.13
C.25
D.26
2.如图给出的四个框图中，其中满足WHILE 语句结构的是( )
A ﹒
B ﹒
C ﹒
D ﹒
3.阅读图1，若输入的a 、b 、c 分别是21、32、75，则输出的a 、b 、c 分别是（
） A.75、21、32 B.21、32、75 C.32、21、75 D.75、32、21
4. 图2的功能是计算表达式21011
1
222+++的值，则在①②两处应填入（ ）
A.0 10n n =≤和
B. 1 10
n n =≤和
C.0 10n n =<和
D. 1 10n n =<和
图1 图2
5.某校共有高中学生1000人，其中高一年级400人，高二年级340人，高三年级260人，现采用分层抽样抽取容量为50的样本，那么高一、高二、高三各年级抽取人数分别为（ ）
A .20、17、13
B .20、15、15
C .40、34、26 D.20、20、10
6.已知两组样本数据}{n x x x ,......,21的平均数为h ，}{m y y y ,......,21的平均数为k, 则把两组数据合并成一组以后，这组样本的平均数为（ ） A.2k h + B.n m mk nh ++ C.n m nk mh ++ D.n
m k h ++ 7.“吸烟有害健康”，那么吸烟与健康之间存在什么关系（ ）
A.正相关
B.负相关
C.无相关
D.不确定 8.同时抛掷两枚质地均匀的硬币，则出现两个正面朝上的概率是（ ）
A. 21
B. 41
C. 31
D. 8
1 9.一个袋中装有2个红球和2个白球，现从袋中取出1球，然后放回袋中再取出一球，则取出的两个球同色的概率是（ ）
A.21
B.31
C.41
D.5
2 10.某人欲从某车站乘车出差，已知该站发往各站的客车平均每小时一班，则此人等车时间不多于10分钟的概率是（ ）
A.16
B.110
C.12
D.56
11.从一批产品中取出三件，设A={“三件产品全不是次品”}，B={“三件产品全是次品”}，C={“三件产品不全是次品”}，则下列结论正确的是（ ）
A ．A 与C 互斥
B ．B 与
C 互斥
C ．任两个均互斥
D ．任两个均不互斥
12.现有五个球分别记为A ，B ，C ，D ，E ，随机放进三个盒子，每个盒子只能放一个球，则C 或E 在盒中的概率是（ ） A.25 B.53 C.103 D.10
9
第Ⅱ卷
二、填空题:本大题共4小题，每小题5分.
13.写出右边程序的运行结果：
若程序运行后输入x ＝－2 ，则输出的结果为 __________ .
14.已知},......,,{321n x x x x 的平均数为a ，则23 ..., ,23 ,2321+++n x x x 的平均数是_____.
15.某班学生父母年龄的茎叶图如下，则该班学生的母亲的平均年龄是__________岁.
16. 工人月工资y （元）与劳动生产产值x （千元）变化的线性回归方程为ˆ8540y
x =+，则劳动生产产值提高1千元时，工资约提高___________元 .
三、解答题：解答应写出相应过程或演算步骤.
17.（本小题满分10分）
已知1000321++++= S ，设计算法流程图，输出S ﹒
18.(本小题满分12分）
(1)（I ）用辗转相除法求840与1 764的最大公约数；（II ）用更相减损术求440 与556的最大公约数.(要求有过程)
(2)用秦九韶算法计算函数34532)(3
4=-++=x x x x x f 当时的函数值.(要求有过程)
19.在一个盒子中装有6枝圆珠笔，其中3枝一等品，2枝二等品和1枝三等品，从中任取3枝﹒求
（Ⅰ）恰有1枝一等品的概率；（Ⅱ）没有三等品的概率﹒（本小题满分12分）
20.（本小题满分12分）
将甲、乙两颗骰子先后各抛一次，a、b分别表示抛掷甲、乙两颗骰子所出现的点数.若点P（a，b）落在如图阴影所表示的平面区域（包括边界）的事件记为A，求事件A的概率.
21.一只海豚在水池中随意游弋，水池为长30m，宽20m的矩形，求海豚嘴尖离水池边不超过2m的概率．(本小题满分10分）
22.(本小题满分14分）
为了了解高中新生的体能情况，某学校抽取部分高一学生进行一分钟跳绳次数测试，将所得数据整理后，画出频率分布直方图（如图），图中从左到右各小长方形面积之比为2：4：17：15：9：3，第二小组频数为12﹒
（Ⅰ）第二小组的频率是多少？样本容量是多少？（6分）
（Ⅱ）若次数在110以上（含110次）为达标，试估计该学校全体高一学生的达标率是多少？（4分）
（Ⅲ）在这次测试中，学生跳绳次数的中位数落在哪个小组内？请说明理由.（4分）
90 100 110 120 130 140 150 次数
0.004
0.008
0.012
0.016
0.020
0.024
0.028
频率/组距
0.032
0.036
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