大学体验英语听说教程4unit1_unit8视频原文
新标准大学英语视听说教程4-听力原文及翻译
OutsideviewConversation 1Li:What a wonderful view! This is such a great city!Do you ever get tired of living in London, Andy?A;"When a man is tired of London, he is tired of life, for there is in London all that life can afford"Li:That's a quotation by Samuel Johnson, isn't it?A:Correct,so do you have any plans when you finish at Oxford?Li: I've got another year to go and then I suppose I'll go back home.A; And you will find a job?Li:I think I have to do my Master's before I look for work.But I must admit London is very special.Do you think you would ever leave London? A:Sure, I'd love to come to china one day, and I like traveling. But i think I'll always come back here.Li:Well, your roots are here and there are so many opportunities.A;But have you ever thought of living in London for a year or two?Li:Yes, but what could I do here? I had planned to become a teacher.But i have often thought if there was a job i could do here in publishing,maybe as an editor, I'll go for it.A:That's sounds like a great idea.I think that would really suit youLi:Maybe I should update my CV and send it to one or two publisher.A:Don't make it look too goodLi:Why not?A;Well,if you enjoy working with London Time Off, we don't want you working with anyone elseLi:Oh, working with you and Joe it's great fun and really interesting. I couldn't think of a better way to find out about a cityA;So maybe you should think about applying for a job with usLi:But do you think I'd stand a chance(有可能，有希望)?I mean, I'm not sure if Joe likes meA:Don't even think about it!Joe is very straight talking and I promise you that you'd know if he didn't like you.Li:Perhaps we should both update our CVs and look for jobs togetherA:Hey,right!That would be fun.Conversation 2Li:Talking about future plans,how do you see your career developing?A:My career?Well, I like working for London Time Off.It's a part of a larger media company called Lift off USA,so there are lots of opportunities.But...Li:But...What?A:It's not always very easy working with Joe.I mean,I kind of think he has a different agenda（different way of thinking from Andy不一样的想法）.I like his work, but sometimes I don't think his heart is in his job.Li:How did he end up in London?A:He did media studies in the States,and then found work as a gofer（杂工）at Lift off USA in New York.Li:What's a gofer?A:Go for this,go for that.It's a word for the least experienced person in the film and TV industry.Then he came to London and got a proper job as a researcher at Lift off UK,and then after a few years he got the producer's job in London Time OffLi:He is good at his job,isn't he?A:Yes,he is confident and competent at what he does,so the people who work with him rate him quite highly（speak highly of）.Li:Except you?A:No,I rate him too.And I get on with him quite well,although we are not best budies or anything like that,it's just...I want his job!Li:Now we know your little secret.I promise I won't tell anyoneA:Janet,there was something I was going to ask you...Li:Sure,what is it?A:I was wondering...oh,it's nothing.Anyway,all this talk about your future career is making me thirsty.Let's go for a drink.Li:Who is round ?Outsideview :How to get a jobGraduation.What a big day!Your life is about to begin!And then your parents say..."Get a job".I tell you!Looking for your first job out of college can be pretty hard.Reading all the job listing is so annoying.Even trying to figure out what the actual job is can be difficult.Searching through the want ads can be so boring.And writing your resume is really hard work."I don't have that day open."Getting a job interview,and then going on it—the whole process is pretty tough."Sorry to keep you waiting.Uh,have a seat.""I have your resume here,and you are interested in the assistant's position.""Yeah,yeah""Well,the right candidate for this job has to be very outgoing and sociable.After all it is a sale position.""Well, I'm a real extrovert(性格外向的人).Definitely.""And the right candidate has to have great self-confidence.Customers need to feel that you know what you're talking about.""Well, I'm really self-confident.Um I know what I'm talking about and I think I can project that""So,what skills would you bring to this job?"""Well, I realize that I'm completely overqualified for this position.I mean,um,in my last job,I was running the whole place.""Oh,so you've supervised people?""Yep,five of them.So,obviously I could do this job,no problem.I also have really good computer skills.Um what else do you want to know about me?""Eh..."Even though I was trying really hard,even though I had sent out about 300 resumes,even though I asked all my friend and relatives if they knew of anything.I wasn't getting anywhere!Despite all my best efforts,I was still unemployed."Please,why don't you see a career counsellor（顾问）?I'll pay for it.Anything to help you get a job!""Samantha,I'm Phyllis Stein.Welcome""Oh,hi,Phyllis.Nice to meet you."So I figure,heck,why not?I met with Phyllis Stein,a professional job coach."Interviewing is vital to getting the job that you want."She showed me how to prepare for an interview by doing research on the position and the company.And latter,she coaching me on my interviewing skills."I am going to pretend to be your interviewer,and then we'll stop it and replay it and look at the video and see what we could learn from that.OK?""I don't think that you should go into an interview having not practised with some of the questions that are pretty standard.""Tell me about yourself.""Well,my parents—my mom is a social worker,and my dad is an engineer.""Your preparation is really important.""What do you know about our organization?""Well,I saw on,um,on the Internet that ,you do business publishing?Right?""There is a whole range of things that have to do with how you present yourself/""Why should I hire you?""Oh,well.,um, I'm a really outgoing person,and I like,I like people a lot.I'm responsible and nice.""You need to think about what the interviewer is actually looking for.""Samantha, what was a major problem that you've encountered and how did you solve it?""I haven't really had any problems to deal with. ""Thank you.Now let's look at your mock interview on videotape. ""I think it boils down（归结为）to preparation,presentation, and understanding what the interviewer is looking for "(Watching the videotape)"Another way of answering it is not telling about yourself ,but telling your relationship to the job."So,they don't care so much about your parents and that you want to live in Cambridge.They may need you to be able to be a troubleshooter.You use some examples in your life from being a troubleshooter.""One of the things that someone who is an assistant in a trade show is doing,is dealing with problems.You need to be sure that you stay,sort of ,on target with preventing,presenting yourself in the strongest possible way."This time I felt a lot more confident when I went in for the interview."I have developed strong communication skills.In college I worked on the school paper and I brought some writing samples to show you.""I also worked every summer at a bed-and-breakfast.""I worked a lot with our guests.I booked reservation over the phone,got them what theyneeded,and handled any complains.""Well,I feel like I did really well.We'll see. "Making a good first impression is the most important part of a job interview.Arriving on time and being confident are the most important parts of a job interview.It's very important that you are being confident and you're being clear in your answers and listening carefullyNot fidgeting（坐立不安，烦躁）and being confident are the most important things in a job interview.Writing a thank-you note is the most important thing you want to do after a job interview/And go in there with a firm handshake.Listening in"It's not enough to ask what successful people are like...It is only by asking where they are from that we can unravel the logic behind who succeed and who doesn't"This is the basic idea of an intriguing book called Outliers, by the American journalist Malclom Gladwell.The book explores the factors which contribute to people who are extremely successful in their careers, for example, the role the family , culture and friend play.Gladwell examines the causes of why the majority of Canada ice hokey players are born in the first few months of the calender year,what the founder of Microsoft Bill Gates did to achieve his extraordinary success,and why the Beatles managed to redefine the whole of popular music in the 1960s.Gladwell points out that the youth hockey league in Canada recruits from January the first, so that players born early in the year are bigger,stronger and better athletes than others born later in the year.And because they have this advantage at the start of their sports career,they're given extra coaching,and so there's a greater chance that they'll be picked for an elite hockey team in the future.He calls this phenomenon accumulative advantage（积累优势）,a bit like the idea that the rich get richer and the poor get poorer.Success depends on the process by which talented athletes are identified as much as it does on their own abilities.Another aspect which contributes to success is the 10000 hour rule.Great success demands an enormous amount of time for practise and training.For example,the Beatles performed live in Hamburg Germany more than 1200times over four years,much more than the 10000 hours Gladwell claim is necessary for great success.So by the time they returned to England,they had developed their talente and sounded completely different from any other group.In the same way,Bill Gates had thousands of hours' worth of programming because he had access to a computer at his high school.He also became a teenager just at the right time to take advantage of the latest developments in computer technology.Outliers has met with extraordinary sucess,matched only by Gladwell's own career for 25 years in journalism.As a result, many citics have seen it as an autobiography, in which the writer appears to be apologizing for his own personal achievements.But the ides that you have to be born at the right moment,in the right place and in the right family,and then you have to work really hard is a thought-provoking way of revisiting our traditional view of genius and great achievement.It's certainly worth reading,as long as you don't take it too seriously.Listening in 2P:Hi,we are talking about typical working hours in the US and in Brazil.Eric...um...you're from the States,tell me what are the typical working hours in the States?E:Er...traditionally people go to work at 9o'clock in the morning and they finish at about 5,so sort of a 9to 5.P:And,and Penny I...I know you're English but you work in Brazil,what are the hours in Brazil?Penny:Um varies slightly,sometimes you can start um on an early shift,say,8o'clock in the morning to 5 um or 9 until 6.But in Brazil often people will work longer hours than this.P:Right,right ok.And what kind of clothes do you wear?I mean do you dress up formally or in a relaxed way?E:It used to be that you would wear a jacket and tie to work for...for men but er nowadays an open shirt is ok.You don't necessarily have to wear a tie and sometimes on a Friday you can wear a pair of jeans to work.P:Oh,right the dress down Friday?E:The dress down Friday that's right.P:Does that still happen?E:Yes, yes sure it does.P:And how about in Brazil?Penny:Um, it's fairly casual,quite informal,um I mean you need to look neat and tidy obviously,but you,you have your own choice rely on whatyou would wear,there are no rules and regulations.It's important to look smart but comfortable.P:Right,yeah do you have meal breaks or is that...you just fit in meals when you can or...?E:Lunch,lunch is usually an hour sometimes a little shorter if you have to do a lot of work from your desk.P:Yeah,how about Brazil?Penny:That's the same, about an hour.P:And,and with overtime,I mean,if you...I mean you're obviously contracted to do a certain number of hours.What happens if you do more than the hours that you...that's in you...that are in your contract?E:I have to make a fairly um strict record of my hours so if I go beyond 5 o'clock on most days I put in for overtime.P:Right.E:And it's...the first hour is one of overtime and then there's I think 15minute periods after that.So I could work an hour and a quarter.P:And you'd be paid for the quarter hours?E:That's right,by the quarter hour.P:How about in Brazil?Penny:It's,it's a lot looser in Brazil actually.We we often end up doing overtime but unfortunately not paid.P: Fine.That's hard luck.And what about holidays,what about in the States?You don't have much holidays in the States do you?E:No.When you start at a company you get two weeks holiday or two weeks vacation as we say...P:YeahE:Um then it's usually not until you've been at the company for about five ears that they give you another week.So you get three weeks after you've been there for five years.P:And what about in Brazil?Penny:Um it's quite good actually-30days.P:Sounds very generous.Penny:Yeah I can pop back to...P:Is that 30 working days or 30 days in total?Penny:That's 30 working daysP:Wow,that'sPenny:Yes,yeah it's a good deal.P:What about retirement?I know it's a long way of there!When do you retire?E:Generally speaking it's at 65.P:And the same for women.E:Um it's I think a little sooner than that for women.Women I think 62or 63.P;Right ,good.And in Brazil is it similar?Penny:Similar to the States.It's um after 60 for women.65 for men,or if you've clocked up about 30 or 35 years of service then you can retire after that.P:Right and when...do you have a pay day?When is pay day?E:Um,well ,we gt paid twice a month,so we get paid at the beginning of the month and then we get paid in the middle of the month at the 15th give or take(大约).P:Yeah,and what about in Brazil?Penny:I think it all depends which company you're working for.For the one I am working for right now I get paid twice a month but when I began,with a different company that was once a month,so,it varies.P:And are there any company benefits that you have in the States?Do you have a company car or a pension?E:Yeah,we get a company car.We're able to...we lease a car in effect but it's a company car that we get for 18 months to two years and then we...we can move on to another model from that.There's a fairly good pension scheme,that's still working,and hospitalization as well.P:Oh,that's importantE:Yeah,a health plan through work is very important.P:Right.And what about in Brazil?Penny:Yeah,excellent benefits like that.Well I mean it does depend on the company and the status of your or your job but you might get a car,living accommodation,school for the children,they'll pay for your lunch,travel passes,gasoline,health insurance,all sorts of benefitsactually it's very good.P:Sounds very good,with the holiday and all those benefits it sounds a great place to work.Unit 2Outside viewConversation 1Joe: OK, when you finished chatting, let's get down to work.Andy: OK, sure.Janet: Fine by me. What's on the agenda?Joe: First up today is Read all about it! Now, I assume everyone has read all the books for the future? Has anyone read any of the books? Andy: Well, Joe, there are over 20 new books coming out next month, so…Joe: I'm sorry, I really think that's quite unacceptable. It's your job! What about you, Janet?Janet: I'm sorry but this is the first time I've worked on Read all about it! And I didn't know I was meant to read all the books.Andy: Have you read them?Joe: No, but that's why you're my assistants. You're meant to assist me.Andy: It's true that we need to read the books, Joe, but we haven't…Joe: OK, there you go. You are always making excuses!Andy: And what's more, we haven't even chosen the books yet.Joe: OK, let's get down with it. What's on the list?Janet: I suppose we're looking for books with a London angle（伦敦视角）?Andy: Not necessarily.Janet: Is it OK to look for non-fiction too?Joe: Absolutely.Janet: OK, here's an idea. There's a new biography（自传）of Charles Dickens which I'm reading.Andy: Sounds good-his books are always on TV.Janet: You see I'm studying Dickens at university, and I noticed it in the bookshop last week. It's really interesting.Joe: OK, tell us more.Janet: Well, it's a description of the London locations where he set many of his books like Oliver Twist and David Copperfield.Andy: Sounds right up your street（拿手的）!Joe Well done, Janet. Maybe you can show Andy how to plan the feature. OK, that's it everyone. Let's get to it!Conversation 2Janet: What's the matter with Joe today?Andy: No idea. He's a bit like that sometimes. He gets annoyed with me, but I don't really know why.Janet: He wasn't being at all fair. How often does he get like this?Andy: Well, I suppose it's not very often. But sometimes he really gets on my nerves（使某人心烦意乱）.Janet: Don't let it get to you. He's probably got too much work, and he's stressed.Andy: Well, he should keep his problems away from the studio. Anyway, you're the expert on Dickens, tell me something about him.Janet: Well, Charles Dickens was one of the most popular novelists in 19th century Britain. Many of his novels first appeared in magazines, in short episodes. Each one had a cliffhanger at the end that made people want to read the next episode（集，一集）.Andy: And was he a Londoner?Janet: He was born in Portsmouth but his family moved to London when he was ten years old.Andy: And he set most of his stories in London, didn't he?Janet: That's right. He knew the city very well.Andy: Whereabouts in London are his stories set?Janet: Around the Law Courts in the centre of London. He worked as a court reporter and many of the real life stories he heard in court inspired some of most famous characters in his novels.Andy: I think some of his stories take place south of the river?Janet: That's right, especially around Docklands. The thing was…Dickens was a social commentator（社会评论员）as much as he was a novelist-his stories describe the hardship, the poverty, and crime which many Londoners experienced in the 19th century. It makes mewant to read some Dickens again. Maybe I'll just go shopping for a copy of Great Expectations.Andy: Anyway, you did me a huge favour. That was a real brainwave（突然想到的妙计，灵感）to suggest the new biography.Janet: Cheer up Andy. It wasn't your fault.Andy: No, it's OK, I'll get over it. Go on, off you go and enjoy your shopping!Outside viewBritish people read a lot. They read books, newspapers and magazines. And of course they read text messages on their mobile phones. Sixty-five percent of British people list "reading for pleasure" as a major hobby. A quarter of the population reads more than 20 books each year. So where do these books come from? Well, there are bookshops where you can buy books. And there are lots of public libraries where you can borrow books for free. In this library you can borrow books, but you can also buy a cup of coffee, look at an art exhibition, sit in a quiet study area or connect to the Internet. Y ou can also now borrow CDs, videos or DVDs of films and television programmes. Some libraries even let you borrow computer games. There are often reference rooms where you can go to look something up or go to study. Many libraries have also got special rooms with books and photograghs about the historu of the area. Libraries are very important in schools and universities both for study and for reading for pleasure. The British Library is one of the world's greatest libraries. The queen opened its new building in 1998. It receives a copy of every book published in Britain, and adds three million new items every year.It's got books of course, but also sound recordings, music, maps, newspapers, and magazines. People predicted that radio, then television, then the Internet will kill reading, but it still a very popular activity.Listening in 1M：So how long has your book group been running?C：Well, let me see, it's over 20years now. I think it's actually one of the oldest books groups around, because it was only about 20years ago that they started to become fashionable in the UK.M：And how often do you have meetings?C：We meet about once every four or five weeks, although we try to avoid meetings in the summer holidays, and during the run-up to（前奏，预备期）Christmas when we all start to get busy with other things.M：And how many members do you have?C：We're ten in all, although it's rare that everyone can attend.M：And what happens during the meeting?C：Well, we usually meet at one of our homes, and we start fairly late, around 8:30, and the host prepares dinner, and sometime during the meal, someone asks "So what did you think of the book?" and that's when the discussion starts.M：It sounds quite informal.C：It is, yes, and sometimes if we haven't enjoyed the book, the meal becomes more important than the discussion. But it's fairly rare that no one likes the book, and it gets quire interesting when opinions about it are divided.M And what sort of books do you read?C：Oh, all kinds, actually, not just novels, although I must admit that being a member of the club makes me read more modern fiction than I might do otherwise. But we also read the classics, you know the novels we all read or should have read 30 years ago, and it's quite good fun to revisit them, to see if our views of the books have changed. We re-read Thomas Hardy recently, and whereas I used to love it when I was a student, this time I thought it was exasperatingly（惹人恼火地）dull. And we read non-fiction. quite a lot of history and travel writing. A couple of the members like poetry, which I don't, but you know, we're tolerant each other's choice, and it gives us a chance to try things we wouldn't usually read.M：And how do you choose the books?C：Well, at the end of the evening the person who hosts the dinner-basically, the cook- has the right to choose the next book.M：And that works OK?C：Yes, although there's quite a lot of stress on choosing something that will earn everyone else's respect. And we've got one member who likes science fiction, so we try not to go to his place too often!Listening in 2Well, thank you for your kind welcome, and for giving me the opportunity to give this brief tour of Literary England. I can't claim it's an authoritative tour, as I'm, not a professional literary specialist. However, I have two amateur passions: one is travel and the other is reading and English literature in particular. And this lecture is a description of different visits I have made to places in Britain and Ireland, chosen specifically for their close links with well-known writers of what we call the classics of English literature.Just to give you an overview of the lecture, I'm going to start in my home town of London, which is also the home of many well-known writers. But I think that the picture we have in our mind of London has been largely fashioned by the work of Charles Dickens and Shakespeare. Dickensian London is illustrated most clearly by his book Oliver Twist, and Shakespeare's London brings to mind the plays written and performed here, such as Romeo and Juliet. We'll also have a look at the memorial of freat British writers, Poets' Corner in Westminster Abbey.Then off we go to Oxford, another city rich in its literary history. I'm, going to focus on the greatest of Oxford's literary alumni, JRR Tolkien, the professor of English who wrote Lord of the Rings, which is now famous throughout the world because of the recent series of films.Then we turn south towards the gentle countryside of Hampshire, home of Jane Austen, where her various novels, including Price and Prejudice are set. She also spent a period of her life in the magnificent Georgian city of Bath.Then we turn north to the hills of west Yorkshire where we find Bronte country, so called because it was the home of the three sisters, Charlotte, Emily and Anne Bronte. Perhaps the two best known novels are Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyer, and Emily Bronte's Wuthering Heights, also made into successful films.Then up to the north-west, to the stunning land of mountains and lakes which is the Lake District, home of the Lakeland poets. Perhaps its most famous son is William Wordsworth, whose poem "I wandered lonely as a cloud" has been learnt by generations of school children not just in Britain, but around the English-speaking world.So that's the basic route round Literary England, although I'll be thinking several detours to visit other famous writers whose work contributes to the glory which is English literature. Let's start…Unit3Outside viewLondon has always prided itself on being a little bit different when it comes to fashion. At the catwalk shows, designers showcase the hottest new trends for journalists and buyers from all over the world. But away from the glamour of designer collections, what do London girls actually wear? How do they create the affordable, personal style they are famous for? Hannah, who works for a fashion magazine, says London’s unique style is all about mixing and matching. One day can be punk. Next day you can be really girlie（少女般的）. It’s kind of choosing what you want in your wardrobe. Maybe taking an expensive piece but mixing it with something cheaper or second-hand. I think that is what London girls are really good at doing. Portobello Road, in the trendy Notting Hill area, is home to one of the most famous markets in London. Here, you name it and people wear it-anything from market stall bargains to to-die-for（令人渴望的）designer labels sold in trendy shops. But how do the capital’s women view their style? Eclectic. My style is certainly eclectic. It is from Tesco. It is the Catherine Kidston range from Tesco. Sam is matched her outfit today with a bag she bought in a supermarket. Angela is a fashion stylist. So tell me a little bit about your life. What are you wearing and what would you say your style is? My style tends to change week by week. Today I am wearing some jeans from Uniqlo.I’ve discovered Uniqlo jeans and bought about five pairs cos they fit really well. The boots are by Aldo .My T-shirt is from Tooshop. The jacket is a really old jacket that I bought in the States a few years ago. But um, yeah I mean it just…it does tend to change a lot. Over to New Bond Street, London’s designer shopping Mecca（胜地）and the style stakes have gone up a little. Some of the most famous and expensive shops in the world can be found here. Shops where you have to ask the price of that handbag…or pair of shoes…then you know you can not really afford it. Natalie, a student from the city, says being laid back is what gives London style its edge. I don’t know. Everyone says like. French is like so fashionable and stuff but I think we are quite trendy, we are a bit more casual, but I think we have got a good style going on and everything, a bit laid back, but everyone still looks cool. Seylia works in a jewelry shop. No shabby chic（流行式样，时尚）here. Cashmere scarf from Louboutin, because it is cold. Black coat from Prada and a Valentino bag, which is probably as colorful as it gets. Katie is a model and loves how people dress in London because everyone has their own individual style. I love London it is so unique.And like everyone’s got their own fashion. I love it here, because you can wear whatever and just fit in, it is great. I love London for that. Laura is a student and says she doesn’t really put any thought into what she is wearing. Fashion, I wouldn’t really call it fashion. It is just kind of chucked together, basically, what I am comfortable in. Camden is known for its grungy（脏的，乱糟糟）, daring and sometimes outrageous（极不寻常的）styles. Here fashion is whatever you want it to be. Teenagers don’t hold back much when it comes to choosing clothes. They just want to make personal statement .We are just crazy! We don’t hold back so much. It’s not all about being elegant or something like that. It’s more making a statement, some people. And we don’t care. Listening inPresenter: How often do you change your clothes during the day?Penny: Um I think it all depends on what I’m going to do. Um it might be as many as three times if…Presenter: Three times.Penny: Yes, if I was …if I was going to go to gym, for instance, having dropped the children off at school I’d be wearing an outfit for…just a。
大学体验英语综合教程4(第三版)课文翻译及课后答案 (2)
Unit 1 无名英雄：职业父亲意味着什么？在我们的孪生女儿出生后的第一次“约会”时，我和丈夫一起去看了一部名为《玩具总动员》的电影。
我们很喜欢这部片子，但随后我丈夫问道：“父亲在哪儿呢？”起初我还认为因为一个小小的失误而批评一部很吸引人的家庭影片似乎是太偏狭了。
可后来越想越觉得这一疏忽太严重了。
父亲不仅没有出现，他甚至没有被提到——尽管家中有婴儿，说明他不可能离开太长时间。
影片给人的感觉是，父亲出现与否似乎是个极次要的细节，甚至不需要做任何解释。
新闻媒体倾向于把父亲的边缘化，这只是一个例子，它反映了在美国发生的巨大的社会变化。
大卫?布兰肯霍恩在《无父之国》一书中将这种倾向称之为“无需父亲”观念。
职业母亲（我想这应是与无职业母亲相对而言的）奋斗的故事从媒体上无尽无休地轰击着我们。
与此同时，媒体上绝大多数有关父亲的故事又集中表现暴力的丈夫或没出息的父亲。
看起来似乎父亲惟一值得人们提及的时候是因为他们做家务太少而受到指责的时候（我怀疑这一说法的可靠性，因为“家务”的定义中很少包括打扫屋顶的雨水沟、给汽车换机油或其它一些典型地由男人们做的事），或者是在他们去世的时候。
当布兰肯霍恩先生就“顾家的好男人”一词的词义对父亲们进行调查时，许多父亲都回答这一词语只有在葬礼上听到。
这种“无需父亲”综合症的一个例外是家庭全职父亲所受到的媒体的赞扬。
我并非暗指这些家庭全职父亲作出的承诺不值得人们的支持，我只是想指出在实际生效的双重标准：家庭全职父亲受到人们的赞扬，而家庭全职母亲和养家活口的父亲，所得到文化上的认同却很少，甚至完全得不到。
我们用来讨论父亲角色（即没出息的父亲）的话语本身就显示出人们对大多数男人默默无闻而自豪地履行对家庭承担的责任缺乏赏识。
我们几乎从来没听到“职业父亲”这一说法，在人们呼吁应该考虑给予工作者在工作地点上更大的灵活性时，很少有人认为这种呼吁不但适用于女子，同样也适应于男子。
我们这个社会表现出似乎家庭职责对父亲来说并不象对母亲那么重要——似乎事业上的满足就是男人生活的全部。
大学体验英语视听说4 audio原文
Unit 1 AudioLesson 1Why aren’t women happier these days? That’s the question raised by a thought-provoking study-- ‘The Paradox of Declining Female Happiness’released last month. The research showed that over the past 35 years women’s happiness has declined, both compared to the past and relative to men even though, by most objective measures, the lives of women in the U.S. have improved in recent decades. The research, by University of Pennsylvania economists Betsey Stevenson and Justin Wolfers, released by the National Bureau of Economic Research, found the decline in happiness to be pervasive among women across a variety of demographic groups. The researchers measured similar declines in happiness among women who were single parents and married parents. They cast doubt on the hypothesis that trends in marriage and divorce, single parenthood or work/family balance are at the root of the happiness declines among women. One theory for the decline in happiness is that expectations for workplace and general advancement were raised too high by the women’s movement and women might feel inadequate for not having it all. The researchers acknowledge that is a possibility. They think that if the Women’s Movement raised women’s expectations faster than society was able to meet them, the women would be more likely disappointed by their actual life experiences. But the researchers also add that things could change for the better, as women’s expectations move into alignment with their experiences, this decline in happiness may reverse..Lesson 2Men May Be from Venus TooMen and women might be on the same planetary wavelength after all. According to Psychologist Professor Janet Hyde at the University of Wisconsin, men and women are more alike than different in personality, communication, cognitive ability and leadership than is generally believed.The studies looked at cognitive abilities, such as theability to do mathematics, verbaland nonverbal communication,aggression, leadership,self-esteem, moral reasoning andmotor behaviour, such asthrowing distance and found largegender differences in throwingdistance, and attitudes aboutcasual sex, and a moderatedifference in aggression. But formost psychological characteristics,she found no differences betweenmen and women.Hyde found evidence thatdifferences between men andwomen are linked to society’sexpectation of how they shouldbehave. For instance, womensmiled more than men whenobserved but this was not the casewhen they thought they were notbeing observed. Hyde said thefindings provide strong evidenceagainst the idea that psychologicaldifferences between men andwomen are “large and stable”.Besides these socialexpectations, over-inflatingclaims of differences betweenmen and women can be damaging.After examining the genderdifferences in math performancein high school, Hyde revealed thatit could be due to parents’havinglower expectations of theirdaughters’ success in math andthus affecting her self-confidenceand performance.She also found women’ssuccess as workplace leaders canalso be hindered if they go againstthe caring and nurturingstereotype.So it’s really amazing howpeople’s perceptions ofthemselves and their ownbehaviours are in fact a reflectionof assumptions and constructs insociety.Unit 4 AudioLesson 1China has changedenormously over the last 20 years.Its economy has been growing at10% a year. Today, 80% of theworld’s electronic goods aremade in China. As a result, moreand more western companieswant to do business in China. Buthow easy is it for a westerner todo business there? Here are sometips from the British Embassy inBeijing.Build relationships. In thewest, it’s usual to do businessfirst, and then see if a relationshipis possible. In China, it’s theopposite. You need to build arelationship before you can dobusiness. This leads to the idea of‘guanxi’. Guanxi means usingpersonal contacts andrelationships to do business, andwesterners need to understandhow real and strong this is inChina.It can also be useful to finda reliable Chinese ally to workwith you. He or she will be able tohelp with language or culturalproblems and will also be able tounderstand Chinese bodylanguage.You must remember torespect ‘face’. ‘Face’meanshaving high status with your peers.‘Face’can be lost, given orearned. Never criticize or insultsomeone in front of others, aslosing face will make itimpossible to make a deal. On theother hand, if you praise someoneby saying good things about himor her, then he or she will gainface, but be careful not to do it toomuch.All these tricks of the tradecan help you to play the game anddo business successfully in China.Be prepared, and be patient if youwant to be a winner in China.Lesson 2The Quarterly (Magazine):How has Carrefour had to adaptto Chinese tastes?Jean-Luc Chereau (Presidentof Carrefour China): Take theexample of fish. When I am inSan Francisco and I visit a store,the fish is filleted and packed; it’sdead. When I am in France, thefish is dead but it’s whole; it’s onice. I can see its eyes and see ifit’s fresh or not. Each place has itsown way of selling fish.If you are in China, you havetwo ways of selling fish. The firstis to display live fish. When weentered Taiwan, we went to thefresh markets in Taipei andKaohsiung to see what kind ofproducts they had, how they weredisplayed, and how customersbought those products. Carrefourdecided to adopt this fresh-marketstyle and to display the sameproducts at lower prices in a better,cleaner environment. And wewere very, very successful. Now,on the mainland, the first imagecustomers get when they enter aCarrefour store is fresh products.When customers are in the fresharea, they recognize the freshmarket they’re accustomed to.And now most of our competitors are following Carrefour in this way.But there is another method we neglected when we moved away from the coast: frozen fish. Why would frozen fish be important in China? Because the distance between the area where they have fresh fish and the stores in middle and western China is so vast that customers are more confident of frozen fish than of unfrozen dead fish, even if fresh. So we changed our product offering and we saw a 30 to 40 percent increase in fish sales throughout China.Unit 6 AudioLesson 1It is said that happiness is contagious. The supporting evidence is everywhere: from the streets of Rio during Carnival to more obscure celebrations elsewhere in the world. But long-term happiness may also be healthy. New York researcher Dr.Karina Davidson certainly thinks so.Dr. Davidson is a lead researcher in a 10-year study of more than 1,700 healthy men and women. The study revealed that people who are happy and content with their lives are 22% less likely than unhappy people to have a heart attack or suffer from symptoms of heart disease.Maintaining happy is surely protective of your mental health and this observational study is one of the first studies to show it may also protect your physical health. It is the first to show an independent relationship between positive emotions and coronary heart disease. But Dr. Davidson stresses that more work and clinical trials are needed before any treatment recommendations can be made. She says, though, that the study is the first step in providing doctors better insight about how to interact with their patients. The study may eventually shift healthcare providers to thinking about how they can help patients make sure that the things that make them happy stay in their routine.Heart disease is the leading killer of men and women in most industrialized countries. Dr. Davidson says she hopes her report will shine a light on a new approach for prevention. Lesson 2Everyone knows someonewho is difficult to be around. It isvery difficult to put up with them.The bad news is often times youare forced to interact with thesepeople on a daily basis and theycould have a personality disorderbut the good news is there aresimple ways you can learn to dealwith their behaviors.A person with a paranoidpersonality is someone who isvery much preoccupied with theloyalty of other people. It is aperson who constantly scans theenvironment and other peoplelooking for possible indications orsigns of some sort of deception.The solution: stick toconversation topics that are safeand not too personal, avoid anysigns of criticisms or attack andrefrain from using language that ispatronizing.A narcissistic person reallybelieves that she is better than youessentially a nd that “because I’manother person I’m better thanyou, I’m entitled to expect you todo things for me; I’m entitled tobe focused exclusively on myown needs and kind of disregardyours.”So how do you deal withthose people? Don’t be defensivewith this person. It could trigger afight and try to make you animportant part of his or her worldin order to keep up therelationship.People with obsessivecompulsive disorder can makeothers jumpy. Try acknowledgingtheir hard work with compliments.Compromise with them whenpossible and also avoid conflict.We all have a little bit ofthese personalities in ourselves sotreat others as you would like tobe treated.Unit 8 AudioLesson 1Competitive pressures haveforced most companies (andcountries) to increase their focuson innovation. This pressure toinnovate has increased the needfor talented engineers andscientists--not only in the rapidlyevolving computer andcommunications industries, but invirtually every other industry aswell.The automobile industry, forexample, has significantlyexpanded the electronics andcomputer content on the vehicle,with applications today rangingfrom power controls for improvedfuel economy and reducedemissions, to enhanced safetysystems and chassis controls.During the last decade, tomeet the ever-growing need foradvanced technology, GeneralMotors has recruited a rich blendof international talent, withengineers and scientists fromNorth and South America, Europe,the Middle East, China, Taiwan,India, and Korea. This melting potof technologists has created abubbling cauldron of excitingideas that General Motors isapplying to the development of avast array of product, technologyand business innovations. In fact,one of the biggest benefits ofglobalization for GM has beenaccess to technology beingdeveloped around the world.Today, GM’s most advancedresearch programs, such as thefuel cell technology development,are being conducted acrossseveral continents.By pulling together thetalents and resources from itsglobal network, General Motorshas been able to reduceredundancy, accelerate ongoingdevelopment, and start newdevelopment. Its 42-volt electricalarchitecture program is anexcellent example of this kind ofglobal collaboration. It includesall of the GM alliance partnersand key suppliers. Instead of morethan 10 separate projects, GMnow has one single program withclearly defined technologyroadmaps for each partner.Lesson 2With the globalization ofworld economy, China hasbecome an appealing market forforeign investors. Why did someforeign-funded enterprisesbecome successful when enteringthe China market while others fail,and why do some grow relativelyfaster than the rest? The followingfactors can determine how well orbad foreign-funded enterprisesperform in China:1. Establishment andimplementation of enterprise’sdevelopment strategies. In China,successful foreign-fundedenterprises will definitelyimplement long-termdevelopment strategy, unlikeother unsuccessful companieswhich do not look far and onlyconcentrate on short-term gains.Besides, the strategy will need tobe a flexible one as market conditions are constantlychanging due to the presence ofglobalization. The enterprise needs to be flexible as to reactimmediately to any changeswithout affecting its business operations.2. Leadership of the top management plays a decisive role in deciding the success of thecompany. In face of greatercompetition brought about by globalization, management todaywill need to possess strongerjudgment, decision making abilities, adaptability and greaterforesight. The ability to look far iscrucial as one need to be able to get ready at all times to react toany changes.3. It is essential for the foreign-funded enterprises to understand China’s culture,especially regarding the culture of Guanxi (relationship), so as to be able to gain the popularity and trust of China’s population. With a good relationship, businesses can become smoother and the probability of failure will be greatly reduced. Stronger bonds can also be built with the customers, suppliers and partners.。
新视野大学英语视听说教程第四册听力原文及答案
新视野大学英语视听说教程第四册听力练习录音文本和答案Uint1II. Basic Listening Practice1. ScriptM: I’m beside myself with joy. I’m so lucky. Guess what? I’ve won a lit of money in the lottery. W: Yeah? Well, you do know that money is the root of all evil, right?Q: What does the woman mean?2. ScriptW: Mary was furious. Her son wrecked up her car.M: He shouldn’t have driven a car without a driver’s license. He‘s still taking driving lesson.Q: What do we know ab out Mary’s son?3. ScriptM: Susan, I hear you’re going to marry that guy. Some people think you’ll regret it.W: Is that so? Only time tell.Q: What does the woman imply?4. ScriptM: Mary, I just want to say how sorry I was to learn of your mother’s pass ing. I know how close you two were?W: Thank you. It was so sudden. I’M still in a state of shock I don’t know what to do.Q: Which of following is true?5. ScriptW: I get furious at work when my opinions aren’t considered just because I’m a woman.M: You should air your view more emphatically and demand that your vice be heard.Q: What is the woman complaining about?Keys: 1.C 2.B 3. D 4.A 5.DIII. Listening InTask 1: Soft answers turn away wrath.Mary: Dam! You’re spilled red wine on me. My new dress is ruined.John: I’ m terrible sorry! What can I do to help? Here’s some water to wash it off.Mary: Stop splashing water on me! Oh, this is so embarrassing! I’m a mess.John: Well, you do look a little upset. Please don’t blow up. Don’t lose your co ol.Mary: Hmm, you’ve got the nerve talking like that! Who shouldn’t fly off the handle? This dress cost a fortune.John: You look really cute when you’re mad. I kid you not. Some people do look attractive when they are in a rage.Mary: This is very expens ive dress. I saved for months to buy it, and now it’s ruined. Look at this stain!John: Accidents do happen. Give me your dress, and I’ll take it to the cleaners.Mary: Sure! You want me to take it off right here in public and give it to you? I don’t even know you!John: This might be a really goof time to get acquainted. I’m John Owen.Mary: Mmm, at least you’re polite. I guess I really shouldn’t have flared up. After all, it was an accident. I’m Mary Harvey.John: Come on. I’ll take you home. You can change your clothes, and I’ll get the dress cleaned for you.Mary: Now you’re talking. Thanks. You’re a real gentleman.John: You’d better believe it. I’m glad to see that you’ve cooled down. Feel look a bite to eat afterward? I’m starving.Mary: Ok. You’re pretty good. I’m not nearly as mad. If you can get this stain out, I’ll be very happy.John: I’ll try my best. But if I can’t get the stain out, please don’t let your happiness turn to wrath.1. Which of the following would be the best title for the dialog?2. Why does the woman get angry?3. What does the man say to please the woman when she looks angry?4. Why does the woman say the man is a real gentleman?5. What is the man’s final proposal?Keys: 1D 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.CTask 2: Big John is coming!ScriptA bar owner in the Old West has just hired a timid bartender. This (S1) owner of the establishment is giving his new hire some instructions on (S2) running the place. He tells the timid man, “If you ever hear that Big John is coming to town, (S3) dr op everything and run for the hills! He’s the biggest, nastiest (S4) outlaw who’s ever lived!”A few weeks pass (S5) uneventfully. But one afternoon, a local cowhand comes running through town (S6) yelling, “Big John is coming! Run for your (S7) lives!”When the bartender leaves the bar to start running, he is knocked to the ground by several townspeople rushing out of town. (S8) As he’s picking himself up, he sees a large man, almost seven feet tall. He’s muscular, and is growing as he approaches the bar.He steps up to the door, orders the poor barkeep inside, and demands, “I want a beer NOW!”He strikes his heavy fist on the bar, splitting it in half. (S9) The bartender nervously hands the big man a beer, hands shaking. He takes the beer, bites the top of the bottle off, and downs the beer in one gulp.As the terrified bartender hides behind the bar, the big man gets up to leave, “Do you want another beer?” the bartender asks in a trembling voice.“Dang it, I don’t have time!” the big man yells, (S10) “I got to get out of town! Don’t you hear Big John is coming?”Task3: A View of HappinessScriptDr. Smith has proposed a reasonable, if perhaps somewhat oversimplifies, view of happiness. According to his theory, happiness might be described as a state if balance. And when humanor certain animals achieve that balance, they rend to remain in that condition in order to repeat the happy feeling.To illustrate this, we may study two magnets. When their positive and negative poles meet, they are comfortably joined, and they remain there. In other words, they have attained a balance or state of happiness. If on the other hand, one of the poles is reversed, and positive pole is presses against positive pole, there is resistance, instability, imbalance a state of unhappiness.Animals with some degree of intelligence seem to find happiness in reinforcement. Once they have gained one or more of their goals such as food, and water, they learn to repeat the actions that led to satisfaction of those goals. This repetition or reinforcement produces a state of balance or sense of happiness.According to this theory, only animals with a significant capacity to learn should be able to experience happiness. But in truth learning can take place through surprisingly simple short-term action such as scratching an itch, followed by pleasure, followed by more scratching, and so on. Thus learning can occur with almost no conscious thought.For human beings, blessed with the ability to reason, goals are not limited to the short-term satisfaction of needs. Indeed, there is a strong link between happiness and the fulfillment of long-term goals. Even if human strive for goals that are more complex and longer-term than the animals’ goals, once those goals are gained, happiness is reinforce d.1. Why does the speaker mention “magnets”?2. According to the passage, what may animals do after they have got food?3. Which of the following is true according to the speaker?4. What does the speaker say is special about the goals of human beings?5. Which of the following best captures the main idea of the passage?Keys: 1D 2.C3. B 4.D 5.AIV. Speaking OutMODEL 1 Don’t let it get to you!Susan: You look so angry. What happened?Chris: Nothing I’d rather not talk about it. Just don’t ask.Susan: Come on. Relax. Talk to me.Chris: All right. This morning I took my car to the garage to check the air conditioner. They only gave it a quick look, refilled it with some Freon, and charged me 300bucks!Susan: No wonder you’re livid. I’d be mad too if someone ripped me off like that.Chris: Yeah. And they were rude. They said I didn’t know anything about cars, which I don’t, but they didn’t have to be blunt!Susan: Sounds like you got a raw deal!Chris: What’s worse, as I was leaving, I herd then saying, “Don’t trust that guy. He looks broke.” When I heard that, I almost hit the roof.Susan: Don’t let it get to you. Better ignore them.Chris: I agree. I did manage to keep my cool.Susan: Well, the best thing you can do is to file a complaint with the Consumer ProtectionAgency.Chris: sounds like a good idea.MODEL2 I’m too depressed.ScriptSusan: Chris, I hear you’ve been down in the dumps, so I’ve come to cheer you up.Chris: It’s not gong o work. I’m too depressedSusan: Come, on. Tell me what’s on your mind.Chris: Everything. My girlfriend left me; my dog ran away; my wallet was stolen.Susan: Don’t worry. I’ll help you solve the biggest problem: finding you a new girlfriend. Chris: Forget it. Anyway, I’m getting bad grades, and I was told that I’d have to repeat a lot of courses next year. When I heard that, I almost lost it.Susan: Look, relax. I’ll help you with those courses.Chris: Yeah, but I also have three week’s laun dry to do., and my room is a pigsty.Susan: Forget it. You’re on your own.Chris: Come, on. What are friends for?Susan: To keep you in high spirits; not to do your laundry.MODEL3 You seem to be on top of the world.ScriptNora: Oh, hey, John!John: Hey!Nora: You seem to be on top of the world tonight. What’s up?John: I’m so happy I’m about to burst. Guess what?Nora: You’ve got me.John: It might be true that misfortunes never come singly, but you can also have a “double blessing”. And that’s what I had.Nora: You mean you’ve had two happy events in your life?John: Exactly. You know, I was strong in all subjects except physics. Now I’ve finally passed the test--the one I needed to qualify for a Bachelor’s degree.Nora: Congratulations! You’d failed it three times. Now wonder you’re beaming. What’s the other good news?John: The multinational I was dong my field project at offered me a job at a good staring salary. Nora: Wow, wonderful, simple wonderful.John: I feel like celebrating. Shall we go to a bar?Nora: Why not?Now Your TurnTask 1SAMPLE DIALOGA: You look furious. What happened?B: Nothing. I’d rather not talk about it. Just don’t ask.A: Come on. You shouldn’t keep your feeling to yourself. You need to let off some stream. So, talk tome.B: All right. This morning I went to a shop to buy a digital camera, I only need an ordinary one. It is enough for my tours in the summer vacation. Buy they persuaded me to buy a professional camera, which cost three times as much.A: But you were willing to buy for it. Anyway, it must work better.B: You see, I know next to nothing about photography. So they simply tricked me into buying an expensive one.A: No wonder you’re livid with rage. I’d be mad too if I were robbed like that. What are you going to do?B: I already went back to them and asked to exchange it for a cheaper one.A: What did they say?B: Oh, they were rude. They insisted that they hadn’t encouraged me to buy a professional camera, and that I bought it myself.A: Sounds like you got a raw deal!B: What’s worse, as I was leaving, I heard they say, “That guy looks broke. He shouldn’t have bought any camera.”A: Don’t let it get to you. Better ignore their rude remarks.B: I agree. I did manage to keep my cool.A: Well, the best thing you can do is to file a complaint with the Consumer Protection Agency. If they talk to the shop, maybe they will give you a refund.B: Sounds too good to be true.V. Let’s TalkScriptHello, everyone. Today I invite you to join me in an exploration off the causes of depression. There ate many factors involved, but I believe some deserve special attention.Heredity certainly plays a role. .The tendency to develop depression may be inherited; there is evidence that this disorder may run in families.Physiology is another factor related to depression. There may be changes or imbalances in chemicals which transmit information in the brain called neurotransmitters. Many modern antidepressant drugs attempt to increase levels of certain neurotransmitters so as to increase brain communication. While the causal relationship is unclear; it is known that antidepressant medications do reliever certain symptoms of depression.Researchers also study psychological factors. They include the complex development of one’s personality and how one has learned to cope with external environmental factors, such as stress. It is freeqently observed that low self-esteem and self-defeating thinking are connected with depression. While it is not clear which is the cause and which is the effect, it is known that sufferers who are able to make corrections to their thinking patterns can show improved mood and self-esteem.Another factor causing depression is one’s early experiences. Events such as the death of a parent, the divorce of the parents, neglect, chronic illness, and severe physical abuse can also increase the likelihood of depression later in life.Some present experiences may also lead to depression. Job loss, financial difficulties, long periods of unemployment, the loss of a spouse or other family member, or other painful events may trigger depression. Long-term stress at home, work, or school can also be involved.It is worth nothing that those living with someone suffering from \depression experience increased anxiety which adds to the possibility of their also becoming depressed.Depression-causing Factors Problem Description SolutionHeredity It is inherited and run in families.Physiology changes or imbalances in chemicals called neurotransmitters, which transmit information in the brain A ntidepressant drugs relieve certain symptoms of depression. Psychological Factors Low self-esteem and self-defeating thinking are connected with depression. Sufferers who make correction to their thinking patterns can show improved mood and self-esteem.Early Experiences Event like the death of a parent, the divorce of parents, neglect, chronic illness, and severe physical abuse can increase the likelihood of depression.Present Experiences Job loss, financial difficulties, long periods of unemployment, the loss of a spouse or other family member, or long-term stress may trigger depression.Living with somebody with depression T his causes increased anxiety, which adds to the possibility of their also becoming depressed.VI. Further Listening and SpeakingTask1: Reason and EmotionScriptEmotion is sometimes regarded as the opposite of reason; s is suggested by phrase such as” appeal to emotions rather than reason” and “don’t let your emotions take over”. Emotional reactions sometimes produce consequences or thoughts which people may later regret or disagree with; but during an emotional state, they could not control their actions. Thus, it is generally believed that one of the most distinctive facts about human beings is a contradiction between emotion and reason.However, recent empirical studies do not suggest there is a clear distinction between reason and emotion. Indeed, anger or fear can often be thought of as an instinctive response to observed fact. The human mind possesses many possible reactions to the external world. Those reactions can lie on a continuum, with some of them involving the extreme of pure intellectual logic, which is often called “cold”, and others involving the extremes of pure emotion not related to logical agreeme nt, which is called “the heat of passion”. The relation logic and emotion merits careful study. Passion, emotion, or feeling can reinforce an argument, event one based primarily on reason. This is especially true in religion or ideology, which frequently demands an all-or-nothing rejection or acceptance. In such areas of thought, human beings have to adopt a comprehensive view partly backed by empirical argument and partly by feeling and passion. Moreover, several researchers have suggested that typically there is no “pure” decision or thought; that is, no thought is based “purely”” on intellectual logic or “purely” on emotion—most decisions are founded on a mixture of both.1. What results does the speaker may some from emotional reactions?2. What is the popular belief about reason and emotion?3. What does the speaker mean by “cold “?4. According to the passage, what should people do in religious matters?5. What is the speaker’s conclusion?Keys: 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.DTask 2: DepressionScriptPat: Yo u look depressed. Are you feeling blue? I’ve come to cheer you up.Ted: But there’s nothing that can cheer me up. I’m down in the dumps. Life’s miserablePat: You have to try to get your mind off things.Ted: But I can’t. I just feel there’s too much press ure on me sometimes!Pat: You can’t let things get you down. Learn to relax and stop worrying all the time. What’s your problem?Ted: I failed my last exam, and another exam is coming, I get bored.Pat: If I were you, I’d start working hard. If you work hard for a long time, you’re bound to get better grades. You see, “no pain, no gain”.Ted: It’s easier said than done! If I read for fifteen minutes, I get bored.Pat: You have to learn some self-discipline.But how can I stay cheerful all the time?Ted: Worse than that! If I read for half an hour, I get a headache. Then I start to worry about passing the next exam.Pat: It’s all in your mind. If you stay cheerful like me, everything will soon be OK.Ted: But how can I stay cheerful all the time?Pat: Try to look on the bright side of things.Ted: But what if there isn’t a bright side?Pat: You know the saying: Every cloud has a silver lining. It means there’re always tow sides to everything—both the dark and the bright sides. So, try to identify your strengths and bring then into full play.Ted: Oh, no! Your corny old sayings are making me even more depressed.Keys: TFFTFTask3: AngerScriptAnger is an emotion that can be hard to control. Despite this, we should learn how to manage anger in a constructive manner. In the most intense moments of anger, we usually have two choices: to fight or to run. Some choose the option of violence, which is a negative reaction to anger; and others choose to run. Some may think running means you are a coward. But the option of walking away and claiming down is the more productive method of handling anger. It is difficult to walk away, especially when your heart is racing, and your anger is boiling over.There are constructive ways of handling anger in any situation. First, you have to stop for a brief moment and think before you act. Take that moment and calm down id you feel yourself being pushed.At that moment you should admit you are angry. If you refuse to admit you’re angry or hurt, or if you make it appear that everything is peaches and cream, you are not managing angry in a productive way. You should first admit you are angry and let your feelings out before you blow up. Foe example, you can stay in a quiet place by yourself and shout; or you can talk to a close friend to vent your rage. If you do not acknowledge your anger, it only builds up inside you and will eventually explode like a volcanoThen, in order to manage your angry, you can ask yourself an important question that we all must ask ourselves, “What made me angry?” When you get the answer, and then ask yourself, “Why did that made me angry?” Through such logical reasoning, one tends to calm down and move toward a sensible solution.News ReportU.S. Roller CoasterScriptThe world’s first 4D roller coaster, “X”, took on its first passengers last week at the Six Flags Magic Mountain theme park, just outside Los Angeles.After climbing on board and properly securing their safety harnesses, “X” riders are first to a height of over 66meters. At the top, the passenger train is released and builds up enough speed to race and plummet around the track at speeds of over 130km an hour.The rider takes the daring passengers down an incredible 66m dive and over the top of a 62m loop, in cars that spin independently of the roller coaster train. This unique design allows riders to spin360degree, both forwards and backwards, through the entire ride.Passengers hurtle through this ride often moving in many different directions at the same time ad the cars somersault back and forth and the roller coaster twists, loops, and dives.The complicated series of maneuvers includes two raven turn, one front flip, one twisting front flip, and two back flips.Since passengers aren’t always facing the right direction to see what’s coming up next, the element of surprise is high. For “X” riders, this adds to the thrill of the ride.The track of this newest roller coaster runs a total length of a little over1, 100meters. The passenger trains measure 6meters wide and 21meters long, large enough to carry 28 passengers at a time. At full capacity, the trains can take 1,600passengers for the ride of their lives each hour.The entire ride lasts for only a total about 2minutes, but you can tell from the exhilarated faces of passengers returning to the boarding dock that they were two of the most thrilling minutes of heir lives.Uint2II. Basic Listening Practice3. ScriptW: Did you hear? Helen got modeling jib! She’s going to be sashaying down the catwalk.M: Wow, that’s great! All that walking practice really paid off. And foe once she won’t be complaining about being so tall.Q: Why did Helen get modeling job?4. ScriptM: Julia, come and see the Miss America contest on TV. All those beautiful girls are walking around in bathing suits, so the judges can decide who has the best figure.W: Bah! That’s the worst kind of exploitation. They are treating women like toys for people to enjoy. I would never take part in this kind of contest.Q: What do the man and the woman think about the beautify contest?3. ScriptW: What shall I do? I’m fat. I want to be slim and beauty, but I’m fat. I’ve tried all the new ideas, high carb and low carb, but nothing works.M: Those diets are just fads, popular for a while and then forgotten. Just follow the usual diet with fruits, vegetables, fish, water, and get plenty of exercise. Before long you’ll see results.Q: What has the woman tried?4. ScriptW1: I think Lily is really attractive. She’s half Spanish and has this really sultry look about her.W2: That explains why she tans so well. I’ve always been jealous of her skin color in the summer.Q: Which of following is true of Lily?5. ScriptM: Trust me, it was tight there on the Internet: “Plastic Surgery Increasing at a Faster Rate Among Men”. Appare ntly more and more men are trying to improve their appearance.W: I saw it too on the news. Face-lifts, nose jobs, and box to hide wrinkle are now very popular with men. Men say it’s for business reasons, but we know it’s vanity.Q: What does the woman think the real reason is that men have plastic surgery?Keys: 1.B 2.A 3. C 4D 5BIII. Listening InTask 1: A Friendly StylistStylist: Morning, sir. This chair, please. What can I do for you?Nick: A simple haircut: short on the back and sides.Stylist: Very good. I can, of course, do something fashionable for only $60.Nick: 60 dollars! That’s highway robbery—twice what I ordinarily pay.Stylist: Perhaps, sir. But your haircuts haven’t been in harmony with your character. Your hair is at war with your soul.Nick: I’ve never heard of such a thing.Stylist: If I may say, I’m an expert at matching hairstyle to personalities. Believe me; you’re suffering a “disjunction”.Nick: A disjunction? What the devil is a disjunction?Stylist: Your hair does not match you.Nick: This is utter nonsense. However, I’d like to hear how you’d solve this so-called problem. Stylist: Your character is artistic, imaginative. But your hair is dull. I can correct that imbalance in seconds.Nick: Okay, let me see what can you do about t he…uh…disjunction, as you call it.Stylist: We’re going to use scissors to create peaks, which we’ll keep in place with a liberalhelping of gel….This tuft in the back we’ll braid into a pigtail. Now, it’s the new you!Nick: I love it. It’s just like me: imaginative and artistic. Now what are you doing? What’s wrong? Don’t you see harmony in my new hairstyle?Stylist: Something’s preventing your hairstyle from being a true fashionable statement.Nick: For heaven’s sake, tell me what’s missing.Stylist: Streaks. By putting in a few yellow streaks in your hair, it will become a work of art. Streaking will cost you more, but…Nick: Do it. Forget the cost. But, by the way, what is the total getting to be? How much am I paying to avoid disjunction?Stylist: That’s…$135. Sir? Sir, are you all right? Oh, he fainted.6. When the stylist mentions $60, what does the customer say?7. What does the stylist think about the customer’s hairstyle?8. What will the stylist do with the customer’s hair?9. What will streaking d o to the man’s hair according to the stylist?10. What is the passage mainly about?Keys: 1C.A 3.D4.B 5.AFor Reference:1. It means there is no match between you and your hair.2. That’s…$135. Sir? Sir, are you all right? Oh, he fainted.Task 2: The Voice LiftScriptAfter the face-lift, the forehead tightened, and the (S1) nose job, something still might be revealing your age: your (S2) voice.For patients who think their trembly, hoarse words don’t (S3) match their newly face and figure, there’s a proc edure that claims to make them (S4) sound younger too: the voice lift.There are two general kinds of voice lifts. In some cases, implants (S5) inserted through an incision in the (S6) neck bring the vocal cords closer together. Doctors also use injections of (S7) fat or other substances to plump up the cords, so that the voice sounds younger.(S8) The voice lift is becoming more widely known among an aging population, who try to make themselves sound younger.“I speak in a great deal, or I was shouting, on a particular day, at the end of the day, I would feel exhausted,” said Robert Brown, 75, (S9) a retired construction engineer who underwent the voice lift several years ago, “I don’t know if I sound younger, but the hoarseness is gone, which is such a gre at improvement.”(S10) Voice lift can also benefit people like performers, lawyers, teachers, and telephone operators who need to have a strong voice and hope to shave years off the sound of their voice.Task3: A View of HappinessScriptMen are turning to plastic surgery and cosmetic procedures to brighten up their appearances at a faster rate than women, according to a survey released on Wednesday.Men’s use of fat injections to soften deep wrinkles leaped 47 percent last year from theprevious year. Wo men’s use of the injections fell 36 percent, according to a survey by the American Academy of Facial and Plastic Reconstructive Surgeons.Men’s use of botox injections to eliminate frown lines rose 88 percent, while women’s botox use fell 8 percent.And for smoothing skin, the use of laser resurfacing among men rose 13percent, the survey showed. Meanwhile, women’s use of laser resurfacing dropped 38 percent during the same time period.The number of men getting nose jobs rose 47 percent, while the number of women doing so rose 5 percent.Typically, men and women visiting plastic surgeons for cosmetic reasons were age 40 to 59. The study said 44 percent of men and 57 percent of women tell their doctor that looking younger is the reason they are choosing cosmetic surgery.By about 18 percent, men are more likely than women to say they want facial cosmetic surgery for work-related reasons.The study was conducted by written questionnaires from January 20 to March 3 among more than 2,600 members of the association, who focus on treatment of the face, head, and neck. By comparison, in the previous year, women’s use of botox rose 60 percent while men’s fell 14 percent; women’s use of laser resurfacing rose 13 percent while men’s fell 19 percent; women’s us e of fat injections fell17 percent and men’s fell 54 percent.6. What is true of men and women’s use of fat injections?7. While of the following is true of nose jobs?8. How much greater is the percentage of women choosing cosmetic surgery to look younger than the percentage of men?9. What is true of men and women using botox in the previous year?10. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?Keys: 1C 2.C3. B 4.B 5.DIV. Speaking OutMODEL 1 She’s having some cosmetic surgery.A my: Did you hear Nora’s off to Korea?Bill: why is she going to Korea?Amy: She is having some cosmetic surgery.Bill: I’m floored! I thought she was beautiful already.Amy: I know what you mean. She’s having her nose fixed.Bill: Was it broken?Amy: No, stupid, she’s having it made smaller.Bill: If she wasn’t beautiful already, I could understand getting surgery. But she already has a nice nose.Amy: But not a fashionable one. She’s also having her teeth straighten. She wants to have a perfect smile.Bill: What for?Amy: She believes a better physical appearance will improve her chance of getting a good job.。
大学体验英语听说教程4unit1--unit8视频原文
Unit 1Dr. Zhang: What’s so funny Lisa?Lisa: Ha, ha! I’ve just read an article about a Scottish touristwho had his passport stolen in New Zealand, by a parrot.Dr. Zhang: A parrot? A bird? That’s impossible! Are you pulling my leg?Lisa: No, I am dead serious: it’s a true story!Dr. Zhang: What happened?Lisa: According to the article, the Scottish tourist had put his passport in a little bright bag. But the brightness of the bag drew the attention of a parrot, which swooped down, grabbed it, and flew away!Dr. Zhang: Oh my! The poor tourist! What’s he going to do?Lisa: Well, he can’t travel home. In fact, he will now have to spend an extra six weeks in New Zealand.Dr. Zhang: Six weeks?Lisa: Yeah. The article says that’s how long it will take him to get his passport renewed.Dr. Zhang: How inconvenient!Lisa: Indeed. That’s why, when I travel, I always keep important documents in a safe in my hotel room. I would never lose an ID card or passport!Lisa: Tina, I am in a panic. I can’t find my ID card .I’ve lost it!Tina: It’s probably just misplaced. I am sure it will turn up.Lisa: No it won’t. I’ve looked everywhere for it .it’s nowhere to be found. I think I somehow threw the card out with the rubbish. Idid a big house clean on Sunday and may have gotten a bit careless.Oh my, what have I done?Tina: Lisa, take it easy .it’s not the end of the world! You’ll just have to get it replaced.Lisa: How? Will I be fined?Tina: No, of course not. It’s a simple two-step process. I had to do it last year. The first thing is to report the card lost or stolen to your local police station.Lisa: That’s fairly straightforward. Then what?Tina: Take a copy of the police report to the Public Security Bureau opposite the National Library. They will issue a new card immediately.Lisa: That’s it?Tina: That’s it.Lisa: So I’ll have a new card by the end of the week?Tina: Yep. It’s no big deal, really.Lisa: You’re a star. Thanks for the help!Tina: No worries.Unit2Jack: Eric, I hope I meet the woman of my dreams sooner rather than later. I want to settle down and have a family before I am thirty.Eric: Well, I’ve always thought that you and Rachel would make a wonderful couple!Jack: Rachel? She’d never go for me.Eric: I wouldn’t be so sure. You should see the way she looks at you.What year were you born in?Jack: What year was I born in? What’s that got to do with anything?Eric: Lots. The year you were born says a great deal about your personality and who you would be compatible with as a mate.Jack: You’re kidding, right?Eric: No. I am perfectly serious.Jack: I was born in 1985.Eric: That’s the year of the ox. That makes sense, because you’re down to earth, caring and loyal, just like ox people. Are you aware that Rachel was born in 1987?Jack: Yes, I am, but what’s your point?Eric: That’s the year of the rabbit.Rabbit people are usually sweet natured, sociable and romantic.Jack: Just like Rachel…Eric: You know, it is said that an ideal match for a rabbit is an ox…Cindy: Lisa, you’re such an extroverted person, while I am much more introverted. You’re outgoing, whereas I am soft spoken. You’re very social, while I am very reserved. What do you think it is that makes our personalities so different? After all, we’re sisters!Lisa: I think it all has to do with the nature versus nurture debate? Cindy: Nature versus nurture?Lisa: Yes, some scientists think that people are born with their personalities. That’s the “nature” theory of human behavior. Other scientists claim that the environment people grow up in shapes their personalities. That’s the “nurture” theory of human behavior.Cindy: Hm. Interesting. I tend to think that the environment determines a person’s character. I guess that means I subscribe to the “nurture” theory.Lisa: Me too. I suppose that’s why we are so different. We went to different schools, you played sports while I studied music, and we hung out with different types of friends.Cindy: Nonetheless, I do think nature plays a role in shaping personality too. After all, we’re both intelligent, talented in what we do and very caring towards others. These are probably all traits that we inherited.Lisa: Maybe. I am no expert. The important thing to me is that we get along so well, enjoy being together and love each other.Cindy: You’re right. I couldn’t ask for a better sister!Unit3Tina: This is Tina Lin from HTN news, and we are with Rachel Wu today, a student of Feminist Studies. Rachel, would you say that there is true equality in our society between men and women?Rachel: That's a good question. On the whole, in most areas, I believe we can speak about real equality between men and women, and that is a very clear sign of social progress. However, the wage gap is still a significant problem women still earn a lot less money than men who have the same jobs.Tina: Can you give us a specific example of discriminatory wage practices based on sex?Rachel: Most certainly. Research shows that male health professionals, such as doctors and administrators, earn twice as much as female workers doing the same jobs full-time.Tina: Twice as much! That must be an extreme case.Rachel: Yes, on average, the pay gap is just under 10%. An example of such a gap would be hotel management. Male hotel managers generally earn 9.8% more than their female counterparts.Tina: Is there any reason to believe things will improve?Rachel: Yes, there is. In fact, the situation is getting better as we speak. 10 years ago, the pay gap was 16.2%. So in the last decade, there has been an improvement of over 6% 'this shows that our society is headed in the right direction.Tina: Rachel, thank you for speaking with us today.Rachel: You're very welcome.Mary: I am reading a compelling book right now. It's called Fire with Fire.Dan: Who's the author?Mary: Naomi Wolf.Dan: Never heard of her.Mary: She is a feminist writer. Female empowerment is one of the major themes of the book.Dan: Really? In what way?Mary: She wants all women to have a voice that is heard. Like most feminists, she believes in gender equality and equal opportunities for women.Dan: How about you: are you a feminist?Mary: I am in the sense that I support the idea of men and women having equal rights. I am also sensitive to how language sometimes discriminates against women.Dan: Language discriminates?Mary: Yes, you know, people often use terms like businessman, policeman or salesman'.Dan: What's wrong with that?Mary: It suggests that women can't do these jobs. Nondiscriminatory language would be terms like businessperson, police officer or sales representative'.Dan: Yes, I see. That language is much more gender neutral.Unit4Cindy: I just had a tiff with my father.Jane: Cindy, I'm sorry to hear that. What was it about?Cindy: He was asking me about my career plans and I told him that I want to be a housewife.Jane: A housewife? I'm somewhat surprised to hear you say that.I mean… why would you want to be a housewife?Cindy: Because I value family more than anything else. I guess I just want to spend my adult life making a warm and loving family home.Jane: So what was your father's reaction?Cindy: He got angry. He said he was wasting his money sending me to university if my intention is only to become a housewife.Jane: Do you think he has a point?Cindy: No, not in the least! I mean, I am extremely grateful that he is paying for my studies, but knowledge is priceless, it's the key to understanding the world around us. Besides, if I have children, I want to help educate them and get involved with their schooling. And who knows, maybe one day, I might decide that I want to work outside the home and I'll need a degree to show that I'm qualified.Jane: Well, if it's worth anything, I support you in your decision. My feeling is that people need to take on responsibilities that give meaning to their lives. Becoming a housewife will definitely give you this sense of purpose.Cindy: Thanks Jane. That means a lot to me. You're a good friend.Lisa: Did you realize that there is a meeting scheduled for 3:30 this afternoon?Tim: No, I didn't. Any reason given for the meeting?Lisa: Elsa wants to see what we can do to run a more successful department.Tim: That should be interesting. Our department is made up of seven men and eight women. My guess is that it will be hard for us to achieve a consensus because men and women define success very differently.Lisa: Isn't the idea of success more or less the same for everybody?Tim: Not according to an article I just read. It says that women see being successful at work as being a good team player and collaborator.Lisa: I would agree.Tim: Well, you are a woman!Lisa: Tell me about men then.Tim: Men, on the other hand, define being successful at work as being self-sufficient and achieving targets.Lisa: I would agree with that too an employee needs to be able to take initiative without always being told what to do. At the meeting, I think we need to aim to create a balance between men and women's views of success.Unit5Cindy: Julie’s asked me to go to her wedding — I am so excited!Jane: Julie is getting married — that’s great news! Please congratulate her on my behalf. What will you wear?Cindy: No idea: I can’t fit in to any of my fancy clothes. I need to lose weight immediately. Any suggestions?Jane: The recipe for weight loss is simple: exercise and a healthy diet.Cindy: But I can’t stand exercise! Whenever I go jogging I get bored after 5 minutes.Jane: Well, try to do fun things. There are many other ways to burn off fat. Get involved in team sports, like volleyball, or group exercise, like aerobics or even something like yoga.Cindy: I suppose I could try.Jane: I guess it depends on how much you want to fit into a nice dress!Cindy: Alright. I’ll do some exercise, but a diet, no way! I need my chocolate. Chocolate ice cream, chocolate cake, chocolatebrownies ,it’s all so scrumptious! The idea of a diet depresses me.Jane: You don’t have to give up chocolate completely just don’t overdo it. When you get a craving, eat some fruit or have a salad. You’ll feel refreshed!Cindy: Easy for you to say. You’re not a chocoholic!Tim: Bob, you’re looking good. Have you been working out?Bob: Yeah, I’ve started this awesome exercise routine. I feel great!Tim: Well, you certainly look trim and fit. What’s the secret?Bob: Discipline and dedication. I make sure I stick to a routine.Tim: Can you walk me through it?Bob: Would love to. Every morning, before breakfast, I do some stretching to loosen up and make sure that I don’t pull any muscles during the day. Then I go for a 30-minute jog.Tim: I see what you mean by dedication. I can’t do anything before breakfast.Bob: Then, before lunch, I hit the gym and do some weight training and cardio work. It’s normally a 40-minute session.Tim: You must work up quite an appetite!Bob: I certainly do. Then, on my way home from work, I stop by the pool and go for a 1000-meter swim. Swimming is truly the best exercise: it works every muscle, including the heart, and is not hard on the joints.Tim: Well, your routine is impressive. In fact, if you keep it up, you could probably complete a triathlon.Bob: That’s my goal!Unit6Mary: What’s in that bag?Jack: A tent! I just bought it: I am going camping next month!Mary: Wow, how exciting! Where to?Jack: The Amazon. Mark and I are planning a 6-day hike through the rainforest. We’ll sleep in this tent every night, with the sounds of the jungle as background music.Mary: That has got to be the coolest camping trip ever. I’ve always wanted to explore the jungle! You'll see fascinating birds, reptiles and amphibians!Jack: I know. I’m actually afraid of snakes so hopefully we won’t come across too many of them! I am hoping we’ll see river dolphins from the shores of the Amazon.Mary: Oh yes! Pink Amazon river dolphins — those are incredible! Be sure to bring a camera.Jack: I will. I’ve actually bought a tripod so that I cantake good wildlife pictures.Mary: Great idea. Please do show me your shots when you get back.Jack: I will. I’ll make a slideshow and invite youover for a viewing and, hopefully, some great storytelling!Mary: I look forward to it!Jack: What exactly is ecotourism? It seems to be the latest travel buzzword.Eric: Indeed. Ecotravel, ecolodges, ecotourism all three terms are very popular in the travel industry nowadays. I myself am a big fan of ecotourism.Jack: So please tell me about it: I’m all ears!Eric: Well, let me begin with a question. On your view, what are some of the negative effects of tourism on travel destinations?Jack: Hmm. I guess there are two main drawbacks. The first thing is that tourism pollutes. I recently went to the seaside for the weekend, and couldn’t believe how much rubbish from travelers littered the beaches and sea... The second thing is that tourism sometimes disrupts the local cultures and practices.Eric: These two drawbacks a re are precisely what ecotourism wants to avoid. For example, TIES —The International Ecotourism Society promotes responsible travel to tourist areas. TIES wants travel to be environmentally friendly and help improve the well-being of local people.Jack: How can these improvements be made? Eric: By providing financial benefits and empowerment for local people, and by raisingawareness on environmental and cultural issues that are important to them.Jack: I think that’s commendable. From now on, I will be an ecotourist!Unit7Cindy: Dr. Wang, do you have a moment? I would like to ask you for some advice.Dr. Wang: Of course, Cindy, what can I do for you?Cindy: I wanted to ask you about idioms. I have an IELTS test next month and the public IELTS descriptors show that I can get a higher score on the speaking test if I use idiomatic vocabulary.Dr. Wang: Well, using idioms isn’t always easy. But I could give you one or two that might be helpful.Cindy: I’d appreciate that.Dr. Wang: Hmm, let’s see …If you’re asked to describe yourself, you could answer that you’re a person who doesn’t like to cause problems by saying you don’t like to rock the boat.Cindy: Sure, I can remember that. Thank you...Do you have some other suggestions?Dr. Wang: Well, let me think.If you find something to be easy to do, you can say: it’s a piece of cake.Cindy: Oh yeah, I’ve heard that before.I’ll try to use that idiom during my test.I could say: speaking English is a piece of cake! Ha, ha!Dr. Wang: Ha! Yes, that’s fine. Do make sure that you use these idioms in the appropriate context or they will not make sense.Cindy: I understand.I’ll practice lots during the next few weeks so that I get the hang of it!Simon: I am thinking of learning French.Sherly: Ah French, the language of romance and poetry...Simon: Yes, it is a beautiful language indeed.But I don’t want to become a French poet!I plan to learn French to increase my job prospects.Sherly: I don’t follow you.Simon: Well, I am very proud to say that I am bilingual. I speak Chinese and English. But in today’s world,to find a good job, it’s better to be trilingual.Sherly: Trilingual? You mean, speak three languages.Simon: Yes.Sherly: So why French then?Simon: It was a tough call I was thinking French or Spanish, but decided on French because I am interested in working in countries where it is spoken.Sherly: Like Canada, Switzerland and Belgium?Simon: Yes, and also places in Africa, like Senegal or Cameroon, or in Latin America, like Haiti.Sherly: I agree, those would be fascinating places to work in. Good luck!Unit8Jane: Hey Dan, thanks for freeing up time to help me.Dan: Don’t mention it Jane, it’s no problem at all... So what’s up?Jane: My sister wants to study in America next year but doesn’t know what admissions test to take: SAT or ACT. I thought maybe you could help because you started your university studies in Chicago.Dan: Yeah, of course I can help. Both tests are very different and measure different skills so I think the best choice comes down towhat your sister is good at. Basically, depending on her strengthsand weaknesses, she may perform much better on one test than the other.Jane: Well, she is good at science and wants to study Biology, maybe even Medicine.Dan: Hmm, it sounds to me like she should take the ACT.Jane: Why is that?Dan: It’s more geared towards science students it includes a science-reasoning test whereas the SAT doesn’t.Jane: That’s good to know. Who is the SAT better for then?Dan: It’s better for people interested in subjects that require good problem solving and critical thinking skills.Jane: Ah, I see so it’s a test you’d be good at because you’re an expert at solving problems, especially mine!Jane: I am so nervous, Cindy! I have my IELTS test tomorrow. Cindy: Nervous, you? You have nothing to be worried about. Jane: You’re just saying that to lift my spirits.Cindy: Jane, I am serious: you’ll be fine.Jane: What makes you so sure?Cindy: Well, to begin with, your listening skills are terrific, and you have no problems with spelling and grammar. So your listening test should go very smoothly.Jane: I hope so!Cindy: I also predict strong writing and reading scores. After all, your vocabulary is good and you are a coherent, logical thinker.Jane: Why all the compliments?Cindy: I am just being honest. You need to believe in yourself.Jane: It’s hard. I just get so stressed before tests. The IELTS interview terrifies me.Cindy: Jane, you are a fluent speaker, who expresses opinions clearly and supports them with good evidence. You will ace the interview!Jane: I sure hope you’re right. If you are, let’s celebrate by eating out!Cindy: Sure, it’s a deal!。
大学英语听说教程4听力原文Unit8
大学英语听说教程4听力原文Unit8Unit 8Part BA Terrible DiseaseThe phone rang and it was my husband Jack asking me to take some lunch to his office. As I drove off, I noticed a new shopping center. Strange I hadn't noticed it before. Near his office I also saw a fire station I didn't recognize.'When did they build that new shopping center?' I asked Jack. 'And I'm glad to see that new fire station. It'll give a good landmark.''Diana, they've been there for ages,' Jack scolded.Bewildered, I became angry and, starting up the engine, began to pull away. Then I braked. Where was the exit? Suddenly, nothing was familiar. I realized I had no idea how to get home. I had to stop again and again to ask for directions. Eventually, I got home. A 30-minute drive had taken me four hours.Two months later, at the office where I worked as a legal researcher, a smart young man approached me.'Hi, Diana. Good to see you,' he said, smiling.I hesitated, then smiled with resignation. 'Please forgive me, it's one of those days. I simply can't bring your name to mind.' 'Diana, I'm your cousin Richard,' he said very slowly.After that, I was constantly making mistakes and kept forgetting my way around the building. In the end, I made the painful decision to resign from work. I also started pretending to be a tourist when I got lost because residents tend to give much better directions to visitors.Desperate to discover what was wrong with me, I made anappointment with a neurologist. After various tests he told me I had Alzheimer's disease. I felt numb. I'd hoped to find I was worrying about nothing, but now my worst fears were confirmed. And I was only 53!When I told Jack and my three grown-up children about my disease, their reaction was quiet but supportive. 'Stop worrying,' Jack said. 'We'll take good care of you.'That night, I was looking through some papers belonging to my mother, who'd died of cancer years before, when I saw her maps. They were hand-drawn and covered every place my mother went, including my house. As I examined them, I remembered Mother's other eccentric habits. She wouldn't drive out of her neighborhood or at night. One day, she hadn't even recognized me. Could she have had Alzheimer's, too, without anyone realizing?Now at 57, on good days I'm filled with hope and determination, but on bad days I have the worst sense of being alone. I've started a support group for other sufferers, for I know it's essential to have contact with people who are walking through the same maze.Jack's coping well. While he still dreams of waking up to find all this has been a horrible nightmare, he's assured me that I can depend on him. When we married he didn't know 'for better or worse' included Alzheimer's. But neither did I.Questions:1. What does the story mainly tell us?2. Which of the following is one of the symptoms of the speaker's disease?3. What can we learn from the story?4. What do you know about the speaker from the story?5. What can be inferred about the speaker's mother?Part COld Age's Problems and OpportunitiesOld age in the United States presents many problems and opportunities. As a result of improved medical services , people live longer than they used to. This increase in longevity creates a wide range of social needs. The medical specialty of gerontology (老年医学) has opened up new research areas and careers related to the elderly.Because of changes in the family structure from extended to nuclear, the elderly have to create existences apart from basically small family units. This situation is complicated by the fact that many of their friends may have died and their children may have moved away.The elderly must set up a new life. Often, the elderly must rely on a fixed income - Social Security and pensions - and gradually diminished savings. While some live with their children, many more live by themselves, with a friend or in a nursing home.However, the increasing proportion of elderly people in society has given them a new political power. They have formed organizations to voice their own needs and concerns to local state and federal agencies. Lobbying(游说)for such issues as increased Social Security benefits, better health care, income tax benefits and rent controls has brought to the public an increased awareness of the determination of the elderly to assert their ability to deal effectively with their own lives.Part DA Walking MiracleOld age is often accompanied by various kinds of illnesses. When he woke up on a July morning in 2001, Robert Tools, 59,could hardly lift his head off his pillow. He had suffered from heart troubles since a decade ago, which was made worse by his diabetes. The six-foot-three-inch former librarian and teacher became so weak that his weight had dropped from more than 200 pounds to 140. Tools was too sick for a heart transplant. So he agreed to let two surgeons try something that had never been done before. That afternoon T ools became the first person ever to be implanted with a self-contained artificial heart.Eight days later, Tools left the hospital for the first time to take a stroll through a city park, with his artificial heart pumping blood through his body. The heart is powered by a battery implant that holds a 30-to-40 minute charge. The battery is recharged via a coil attached to an external battery pack good for two hours, which T ools wears on a belt. Or the coil recharger can be plugged directly into a wall outlet. A small controller, about the size of a palm, is also implanted in the chest to regulate blood flow. The tiny controller knows how to adjust to his body's need for higher or lower blood flow when he stands, sits, walks, or otherwise. But Tools' mobility is still limited. Most of the time, a mobility transmitter implanted in his chest broadcasts data to a computer in hishospital room so that doctors can continually monitor and fine-tune the blood flow.Tools says living with an artificial heart means adjusting to some strange new sensations. "The biggest thing is getting used to not having a heart beat, except a whirring sound, and that makes me realize that I'm alive because I can hear it without a stethoscope."Statements:1. Robert Tools suffered from several health conditionsbefore his operation.2. Doctors decided to put an artificial heart in Tools' body because there was no suitable donor heart available.3. Tools' artificial heart was implanted in his chest along witha couple of other devices.4. Tools now must carry an external battery pack with him all the time.5. Tools' blood flow can be remote-controlled by doctors in the hospital.6. Tools' artificial heart is made of plastic materials.7. His new heart allows Tools to move about more than two hours at a time.8. Before Tools, a few artificial heart implant operations had been performed on other persons but all of them had failed.。
大学体验英语听说教程听力原文【第四册Unit_1】Identity学习啊学习的啊学习的武器学习的武器
学英语简单吗？肯定会有许多学生说：“难死了”。
为什么有好多学生对英语的学习都感到头疼呢？答案只有一个：“不得法。
” 英语与汉语一样都是一种语言，为什么你说汉语会如此流利？那是因为你置身于一个汉语环境中，如果你在伦敦呆上半年，保准说起英语来会非常流利。
但很多中学生没有很好的英语环境，那么你可以自己设置一个英语环境，坚持“多说”、“多听”、“多读”、“多写”，那么你的英语成绩肯定会很出色。
一、多“说”。
自己多创造机会与英语教师多讲英语，见了同学，尤其是和好朋友在一起时尽量用英语去问候，谈心情……这时候你需随身携带一个英汉互译小词典，遇到生词时查一下这些生词，也不用刻意去记，用的多了，这个单词自然而然就会记住。
千万别把学英语当成负担，始终把它当成一件有趣的事情去做。
或许你有机会碰上外国人，你应大胆地上去跟他打招呼，和他谈天气、谈风景、谈学校……只是别问及他的年纪，婚史等私人问题。
尽量用一些你学过的词汇，句子去和他谈天说地。
不久你会发现与老外聊天要比你与中国人谈英语容易的多。
因为他和你交谈时会用许多简单词汇，而且不太看重说法，你只要发音准确，准能顺利地交流下去。
只是你必须要有信心，敢于表达自己的思想。
如果没有合适的伙伴也没关系，你可以拿过一本书或其它什么东西做假想对象，对它谈你一天的所见所闻，谈你的快乐，你的悲伤等等，长此坚持下去你的口语肯定会有较大的提高。
二、多“听”寻找一切可以听英语的机会。
别人用英语交谈时，你应该大胆地去参与，多听听各种各样人的发音，男女老少，节奏快的慢的你都应该接触到，如果这样的机会少的话，你可以选择你不知内容的文章去听，这将会对你帮助很大，而你去听学过的课文的磁带，那将会对你的语言语调的学习有很大的帮助。
三、多“读”。
“读”可以分为两种。
一种是“默读”。
每天给予一定时间的练习将会对你提高阅读速度有很大的好处，读的内容可以是你的课本，但最好是一些有趣的小读物，因为现在的英语高考越来越重视阅读量和阅读速度。
新视野大学英语(第二版)听说教程4 Radio部分 听力原文 (纯文本非截图)Unit1-Unit8
UNIT 1The Wedding of the CenturyIt was the royal wedding we remember best of all. Twenty-five yeas ago tomorrow. Prince Charles married Lady Diana Spencer in London’s St. Paul’s Cathedral. CBS News correspondent Randall Pinkston looks back to a perfect day which didn’t turn out happily ever after.It was the wedding of the century, watched by over half-a-million people in Britain, and a worldwide audience of a staggering 750 million. The young bride, peering out smilingly from her glass coach, would become the most famous woman in the world, and change the monarchy forever. But that wa in the distant and tragic future. On this day in July, 1981, joy filled the land.This was a moment in history, that, you know, that Prince Charles is going to be king and this was his queen. She was so young, and so beautiful. And she had already sort of got a stranglehold on the hearts and minds of the people.British journalist Victoria Mather was one of the wedding guests that fabled day.“What do you remember most about that day?”“I remember most that it was just exactly like anybodyelse’s wedding. You know, the bride’s mom wore a flowery hat. You know, and there was the naughty little bridesmaid, the bridegroom looked nervous; and the bride fluffed her lines. I mean it was just so like anybody else’s wedding, it was just writ large.”Like the train of Diana’s wedding gown, which seemed to go on forever. Elizabeth Emanuel, with her then-husband David, designed the dress. Right after the wedding, they received a phone call.“It was Diana, and we, we couldn’t believe it, and she had phoned to thank us for making her wedding dress and saying she felt so beautiful in it.”UNIT 2American Workforce in TroubleIt is Labor Day, of course, a time to salute the American worker, but there is new information suggesting it's tougher than ever to be in the American workforce. A big new government report found that American paychecks are not keeping pace with inflation. So where are the good jobs? We asked ABC's Dan Harris to look for them.At the top of the class, and by that, we mean upper class -- doctors, medical professionals, ranging from surgeons toobstetricians to orthodontists -- make up 10 of the top 11 highest paid professions in the country. Chief excusive officers come in at No. 10, earning an average of $142000 a year.As for blue-collar workers, Forbes magazine reports that subway conductors and flight attendants make the most, on average more than $62000 a year. According to new census data, the gap between rich and poor Americans is now at an all-time high, with the top 1/5 of American households claiming more than half of all the nation's income. What's more, a new report released just this weekend, indicates about 30% of households have a net worth of less than $10000. The bottom line for Americans seeking to reach the same standard of living as their parents, avoid the plastic and save wherever possible.It's very difficult to save a lot, but a few dollars, and as that saving nest egg begins to build, you'll see it, you'll, you'll want to contribute more.Now all of this is not to say that you have to become a CEO to live in comfort. Economists note there is still room at the top for stargazers. Turns out astronomers make big bucks as some of the nation's highest paid professionals.UNIT 3To Win a Nobel Prize"So how do you win a Noble Prize?""You get lucky, yeah, well you work hard for a long time, you, you look very hard of what's coming up in front of you, the date that you see, and you are instructed by what you see there. And, and you need a bit of luck, too."The Australian scientist never thought he was on a path to the highest honor in science. Doherty first trained as a veterinarian, but found his calling in the mysterious field of infectious diseases."My nominee is Zinkernagel."He teamed up with another young professor Rolf Zinkernagel, and made an awardwinning discovery almost by accident."We were doing some experiments to look at a particular question and then, then we suddenly got this very unexpected result, realized that it was probably extremely significant straightaway."The pair had cracked the code of T cells which Doherty calls the "hit man" of the immune system, how they fight infected cells and leave healthy ones alone."Firstly, It was so, so unorthodox, and so against the accepted wisdom that people didn't really even grasp what wewere saying."Experiments by others confirmed the findings and expanded on them, leading to new vaccines and advances in the fight against cancer. Nobel came calling two decades later and it changed Doherty's life. There were endless accolades, even having his face on a postage stamp."Well, you get a fair amount of money when you win it, you get invited to very nice meetings and very nice places, but you quickly find that you can't handle all that and you tend to go only to the things where you think you're gonna learn something new, or you're gonna be doing something useful."UNIT 4Bill GatesBill Gates has made many contributions...ur...throughout the last 25 or 30 years, most of all, of course, the Windows Operating System, which more than 90% of all computers in the world use today. He was a very shrewd, ur, business person at a, at an early age, almost as a teenager in fact, and he was one of the few people who could see a hobbyist maker, that is, a bunch of nerds sort of playing with computers and chips in their basements and how that could become a potential business.And one of the interesting things that Microsoft under BillGates' leadership, was able to do, is in fact...ur...take on some of the biggest computer companies, basically IBM...ur...at... You know, at a very early stage when IBM wasn't quite sure if the microcomputer was a toy or a potential business tool and Gates had faith that it was a business tool, he could see ahead, he has always been a, a fairly strategic thinker and uh... That in turn... Let him in fact, you know, dominate the computer industry that IBM would still like to be able to do.Will Microsoft innovate? -- That's a question that I usually answer by saying, I'm a historian so I live in the past and there are lots of people who are, soft of more expert in predicting the future, so I think I'll just leave it, leave it at that.UNIT 5Burn Your Perfect Man ChicklistAre you turning men off ? It may not be how you look but it may be something that you are totally unaware of. Hi, I'm Marie Forleo, life coach and author. And today I want to talk to you about the perfect man checklist and why you ned to burn that , girl .Most women have something called the perfect man checklist . It's anidea in their head about what the perfect man looks like and unknowingly everytime they meet a new guy , they're kind of scanning round trying to see whether or not hefits that perfect man checklist .Well,here is what I recommend - burn the perfect man checklist . That's right, lady, set it to fire. Here is why. That perfect man checklist was put together when you were a much younger version of yourself. It's probably put together from people in you family, things that you learned in school, and it may not be appropriate to the beautiful and irresistible woman you are today.When you have a perfect man checklist, it's cutting you off from boatloads of men that are out there that can be single, available, but they may not fit your pictures. I know for me, I used to think that I used to have to be married to be some Italian, very strong, masculing-looking guy, and I happened to be from Jersey. So we have that look. You know what happened when I burned my perfect man checklist ?I absolutely met the man of my dreams. So ladies, go ahead and burn that perfect man checklist . You 're gonna be so surprised at whom you meet . You never know, it could be your Mr.Right. For more advice on dating and relationships, check out my new book. Make every man want you, or make yours want you more. How to be so damn irresistible, you will barely keep from dating yourself.UNIT 6BombingsAtlanta, Georgia, a terrorist bomb explodes in Centennial Olympic Park, killing one woman, and injuring hundreds. North Cardwell, New Jersey, an advertising executive is killed when he opens a mysterious package which explodes in his hands. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, a powerful blast destroys the federal building, claming 168 lives. In all three cases, it's a race against time, as an elite division of the FBI known as the Explosives Unit attempts to catch the mad bombers before they strike again.FBI's Explosives Unit is a part of the FBI laboratory. It does the forensic examination of bomb components, unexploded bombs They also do residue analysis of the explosives that are used in bombs.Explosives examiner. Donald Sachtleben, agreed to take us inside one of the nation's most secretive crime-fighting laboratones. Here, this team of highly trained technicians and forensic scientists carefully combs through evidence, searching for any clues that will help the FBI capture a bornber. In Atlanta, the search for answers begins at ground zero, the scene of the Olympic bombing where every step is fraught with danger.At any crime scene, you have to assume that there could be other devices there what we call secodary devices or booby traps. Um, we've seen that recently in some of the bombings aroundthe Atlanta and Birmingham areas .In Atlanta, agents are sifting through the rubble of an abortion clinic bombing when suddenly, a secondary device explodes. Miraculously, no one is killed. But seven people are injured, including several federal agents. But in the aftermath of Olymic bombing, investigators rely on surprisingly common technology to search for deadly booby traps.The most effetive tool that we have is the X-Ray. We can actually go up to a package and with remote technique, we can put the X-Ray down, X-Ray the pachage and see whether or not it's a hazard.UNIT 7When Did Life Begin ?It's an age-old question--when did life begin?A new CBS news poll shows most Americans wouldn't peer into the universe for their answer. They would open their Bible Fifty-one percent believe that God created humans in our present form and forty-eight percent of those polled believe God created humans within the least 10000 years, even though scientific tests on skull fragments found in Ethiopia indicate humans were walking the earth nearly 200000 years ago.The poll results underscore a long-runing divide in Americaover evolution, science and God's role, creationism. The US Supreme Court has barred the teaching of creationism in public schools, but now there is a new challenge, called "Intelligent Design" which suggests a creator has an active hand at the development of species. Steven Mayor is an advocate of Intelligent Design.And what we have found in the study of biology is, number one there are such purposeful messages inscribed in DNA. And secondly, the attempts to explain the origin of that information by reference to purely physical chemical undirected processes has utterly failed over quite a number of decades.Dover Pennsylvania school officials are on trial right now in federal court sued by parents who don't want Intelligent Design in the curriculum. Critics, even some theologians say Inteligent Design is Creationism by another name.Intelligent Design, to put it very simply is, to me, a modern reformulation of an old theological argument for the existence of God.The Dover Pennsylvania school trial is expected to end early next month. Whatever the outcome, some legal observers believe it has a potential to reach the US Supreme Court at a time of growing political influence for conservative Christians.John?UNIT 8BillionairesLuisa Kroll and Allison Fass led a team of 30 Forbes reporters who ranked the world’s wealthiest for this week’s billionaire’s issue."A billion just isn't what it used to be. There are now 793 billionaires. Three years ago, there were only 476."For the 12th straight year, Microsoft founder Bill Gates is the world's richest man with 50 billion dollars. Investor Warren Buffet trails in second with a meager of 42 billion." I think for a cover we have..." Newcomers include cover boy Kelvin Heir, a Canadian, who has built up a billion dollar online gambling empire. And KP Singh, who owns the real estare under many Indian companies that are outsourcing centers. India now has 23 billionaires.Almost half of the world's billionaires are right here in the US. 371 to be exact, and between them, locked in the bank vaults, are assets worth well over a trillion dollars."Martha Stewart fell off the list this year, but Donald Trump is still on it; he is No.278. "Is it easier to make a billion dollars now? There are more billionaires." "I think it is probably easiernow than ever before, yeah." "And why is that?" "Because there are more ways to do it.""So I thought I would try to design something better..."British vacuum inventor James Dyson has literally sucker up his fortune. India's Tulsi Tanti made his out of thin air, by building Asia's largest wind farm. "It's good to be on the list."Billionaire Ronald Lauder, heir to his mother's Estee Lauder's cosmetics fortune, and founder of New York's Neue gallery, says even for him, looking at the list can get depressing. "Why?" "Because some people in their 30s are worth at least 10 billion dollars and..." The world's youngest billionaire is now Hind Hariri, daughter of slain Lebanese Prime Minister Rafik Hariri. She is only 22. Around the world, Luisa Kroll says, the biggest fortunes aren't growing as fast. "So, we are not going to have a trillionaire any time soon" "No, I don't think so. I mean I don't even think we are going to have a hundred billionaire any time soon." "49 countries are now home to at least one billionaire. Membership in the club may be spreading, but it's still not easy to get in the door."。
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Unit 1Dr. Zhang: What’s so funny Lisa?Lisa: Ha, ha! I’ve just read an article about a Scottish touristwho had his passport stolen in New Zealand, by a parrot.Dr. Zhang: A parrot? A bird? That’s impossible! Are you pulling my leg?Lisa: No, I am dead se rious: it’s a true story!Dr. Zhang: What happened?Lisa: According to the article, the Scottish tourist had put his passport in a little bright bag. But the brightness of the bag drew the attention of a parrot, which swooped down, grabbed it, and flew away!Dr. Zhang: Oh my! The poor tourist! What’s he going to do?Lisa: Well, he can’t travel home. In fact, he will now have to spend an extra six weeks in New Zealand.Dr. Zhang: Six weeks?Lisa: Yeah. The article says that’s how long it will take him to get his passport renewed.Dr. Zhang: How inconvenient!Lisa: Indeed. That’s why, when I travel, I always keep important documents in a safe in my hotel room. I would never lose an ID card or passport!Lisa: Tina, I am in a panic. I can’t find my IDcard .I’ve lost it!Tina: It’s probably just misplaced. I am sure it will turn up.Lisa: No it won’t. I’ve looked everywhere for it .it’s nowhere to be found. I think I somehow threw the card out with the rubbish. I did a big house clean on Sunday and may have gotten a bit careless.Oh my, what have I done?Tina: Lisa, take it easy .it’s not the end of the world! You’ll just have to get it replaced.Lisa: How? Will I be fined?Tina: No, of course not. It’s a simple two-step process. I had to do it last year. The first thing is to report the card lost or stolen to your local police station.Lisa: That’s fairly straightforward. Then what?Tina: Take a copy of the police report to the Public Security Bureau opposite the National Library. They will issue a new card immediately.Lisa: That’s it?Tina: That’s it.Lisa: So I’ll have a new card by the end of the week?Tina: Yep. It’s no big deal, really.Lisa: You’re a star. Thanks for the help!Tina: No worries.Unit2Jack: Eric, I hope I meet the woman of my dreams sooner rather than later. I want to settle down and have a family before I am thirty.Eric: Well, I’ve always thought that you and Rachel would make a wonderful couple!Jack: Rachel? She’d never go for me.Eric: I wouldn’t be so sure. You should see the way she looks at you.What year were you born in?Jack: What year was I born in? What’s that got to do with anything?Eric: Lots. The year you were born says a great deal about your personality and who you would be compatible with as a mate.Jack: You’re kidding, right?Eric: No. I am perfectly serious.Jack: I was born in 1985.Eric: That’s the year of the ox. That makes sense, because you’re down to earth, caring and loyal, just like ox people. Are you aware that Rachel was born in 1987?Jack: Yes, I am, but what’s your point?Eric: That’s the year of the rabbit.Rabbit people are usually sweet natured, sociable and romantic.Jack: Just like Rachel…Eric: You know, it is said that an ideal match for a rabbit is an ox…Cindy: Lisa, you’re such an extro verted person, while I am much more introverted. You’re outgoing, whereas I am soft spoken. You’re very social, while I am very reserved. What do you think it is that makes our personalities so different? After all, we’re sisters!Lisa: I think it all has to do with the nature versus nurture debate?Cindy: Nature versus nurture?Lisa: Yes, some scientists think that people are born with their personalities. That’s the “nature” theory of human behavior. Other scientists claim that the environment people grow up in shapes their personalities. That’s the “nurture” theory of human behavior.Cindy: Hm. Interesting. I tend to think that the environment determines a person’s character. I guess that means I subscribe to the “nurture” theory.Lisa: Me too. I suppose that’s why we are so different. We went to different schools, you played sports while Istudied music, and we hung out with different types of friends.Cindy: Nonetheless, I do think nature plays a role in shaping personality too. After all, we’re both int elligent, talented in what we do and very caring towards others. These are probably all traits that we inherited.Lisa: Maybe. I am no expert. The important thing to me is that we get along so well, enjoy being together and love each other.Cindy: You’re right. I couldn’t ask for a better sister!Unit3Tina: This is Tina Lin from HTN news, and we are withRachel Wu today, a student of Feminist Studies. Rachel, would you say that there is true equality in our society between men and women?Rachel: That's a good question. On the whole, in most areas, I believe we can speak about real equality between men and women, and that is a very clear sign of social progress. However, the wage gap is still a significant problem women still earn a lot less money than men who have the same jobs.Tina: Can you give us a specific example of discriminatory wage practices based on sex?Rachel: Most certainly. Research shows that male health professionals, such as doctors and administrators, earn twice as much as female workers doing the same jobs full-time.Tina: Twice as much! That must be an extreme case.Rachel: Yes, on average, the pay gap is just under 10%. An example of such a gap would be hotel management. Male hotel managers generally earn 9.8% more than their female counterparts.Tina: Is there any reason to believe things will improve?Rachel: Yes, there is. In fact, the situation is getting better as we speak. 10 years ago, the pay gap was 16.2%. So in the last decade, there has been an improvement of over 6% 'this shows that our society is headed in the right direction.Tina: Rachel, thank you for speaking with us today.Rachel: You're very welcome.Mary: I am reading a compelling book right now. It's called Fire with Fire.Dan: Who's the author?Mary: Naomi Wolf.Dan: Never heard of her.Mary: She is a feminist writer. Female empowerment is one of the major themes of the book.Dan: Really? In what way?Mary: She wants all women to have a voice that is heard. Like most feminists, she believes in gender equality and equal opportunities for women.Dan: How about you: are you a feminist?Mary: I am in the sense that I support the idea of men and women having equal rights. I am also sensitive to how language sometimes discriminates against women.Dan: Language discriminates?Mary: Yes, you know, people often use terms like businessman, policeman or salesman'.Dan: What's wrong with that?Mary: It suggests that women can't do these jobs. Nondiscriminatory language would be terms like businessperson, police officer or sales representative'.Dan: Yes, I see. That language is much more gender neutral. Unit4Cindy: I just had a tiff with my father.Jane: Cindy, I'm sorry to hear that. What was it about?Cindy: He was asking me about my career plans and I toldhim that I want to be a housewife.Jane: A housewife? I'm somewhat surprised to hear you say that.I mean… why would you want to be a housewife?Cindy: Because I value family more than anything else. I guess I just want to spend my adult life making a warm and loving family home.Jane: So what was your father's reaction?Cindy: He got angry. He said he was wasting his money sending me to university if my intention is only to becomea housewife.Jane: Do you think he has a point?Cindy: No, not in the least! I mean, I am extremelygrateful that he is paying for my studies, but knowledge is priceless, it's the key to understanding the world around us. Besides, if I have children, I want to help educate them and get involved with their schooling. And who knows, maybe one day, I might decide that I want to work outside the home and I'll need a degree to show that I'm qualified.Jane: Well, if it's worth anything, I support you in your decision. My feeling is that people need to take on responsibilities that give meaning to their lives. Becoming a housewife will definitely give you this sense of purpose.Cindy: Thanks Jane. That means a lot to me. You're a good friend.Lisa: Did you realize that there is a meeting scheduled for 3:30 this afternoon?Tim: No, I didn't. Any reason given for the meeting?Lisa: Elsa wants to see what we can do to run a more successful department.Tim: That should be interesting. Our department is made up of seven men and eight women. My guess is that it will be hard for us to achieve a consensus because men and women define success very differently.Lisa: Isn't the idea of success more or less the same for everybody?Tim: Not according to an article I just read. It says that women see being successful at work as being a good team player and collaborator.Lisa: I would agree.Tim: Well, you are a woman!Lisa: Tell me about men then.Tim: Men, on the other hand, define being successful at work as being self-sufficient and achieving targets.Lisa: I would agree with that too an employee needs to be able to take initiative without always being told what todo. At the meeting, I think we need to aim to create a balance between men and women's views of success.Unit5Cindy: Julie’s asked me to go to her wedding — I am so excited!Jane: Julie is getting married —that’s great news! Please congratulate her on my behalf. What will you wear?Cindy: No idea: I can’t fit in to any of my fancy clothes.I need to lose weight immediately. Any suggestions?Jane: The recipe for weight loss is simple: exercise and a healthy diet.Cindy: But I can’t stand exercise! Whenever I go jogging I get bored after 5 minutes.Jane: Well, try to do fun things. There are many other ways to burn off fat. Get involved in team sports, like volleyball, or group exercise, like aerobics or even something like yoga.Cindy: I suppose I could try.Jane: I guess it depends on how much you want to fit into a nice dress!Cindy: Alright. I’ll do some exercise, but a diet, no way!I need my chocolate. Chocolate ice cream, chocolate cake, chocolate brownies ,it’s all so scrumptious! The idea of a diet depresses me.Jane: You don’t have to give up chocolate completely just don’t overdo it. When you get a craving, eat some fruit or have a salad. You’ll feel refreshed!C indy: Easy for you to say. You’re not a chocoholic!Tim: Bob, you’re looking good. Have you been working out?Bob: Yeah, I’ve started this awesome exercise routine. I feel great!Tim: Well, you certainly look trim and fit. What’s the secret?Bob: Discipline and dedication. I make sure I stick to a routine.Tim: Can you walk me through it?Bob: Would love to. Every morning, before breakfast, I do some stretching to loosen up and make sure that I don’t pull any muscles during the day. Then I go for a 30-minute jog.Tim: I see what you mean by dedication. I can’t do anything before breakfast.Bob: Then, before lunch, I hit the gym and do some weight training and cardio work. It’s normally a 40-minute session.Tim: You must work up quite an appetite!Bob: I certainly do. Then, on my way home from work, I stop by the pool and go for a 1000-meter swim. Swimming is truly the best exercise: it works every muscle, including the heart, and is not hard on the joints.Tim: Well, your routine is impressive. In fact, if you keep it up, you could probably complete a triathlon.Bob: That’s my goal!Unit6Mary: What’s in that bag?Jack: A tent! I just bought it: I am going camping next month!Mary: Wow, how exciting! Where to?Jack: The Amazon. Mark and I are planning a 6-day hike through the rainforest. We’ll sleep in this tent every night, with the sounds of the jungle as background music.Mary: That has got to be the coolest camping trip ever.I’ve always wanted to explore the jungle! You'll see fascinating birds, reptiles and amphibians!Jack: I know. I’m actually afraid of snakes so hopefully we won’t come across too many of them! I am hoping we’ll see river dolphins from the shores of the Amazon.Mary: Oh yes! Pink Amazon river dolphins — those are incredible! Be sure to bring a camera.Jack: I will. I’ve actually bought a tripod so that I cantake good wildlife pictures.Mary: Great idea. Please do show me your shots when you get back.Jack: I will. I’ll make a slideshow and invite youover for a viewing and, hopefully, some great storytelling!Mary: I look forward to it!Jack: What exactly is ecotourism? It seems to be the latest travel buzzword.Eric: Indeed. Ecotravel, ecolodges, ecotourism all three terms are very popular in the travel industry nowadays. I myself am a big fan of ecotourism.Jack: So please tell me about it: I’m all ears!Eric: Well, let me begin with a question. On your view, what are some of the negative effects of tourism on travel destinations?Jack: Hmm. I guess there are two main drawbacks. The first thing is that tourism pollutes. I recently went to the seaside for the weekend, and couldn’t believe how much rubbish from travelers littered the beaches and sea... The second thing is that tourism sometimes disrupts the local cultures and practices.Eric: These two drawbacks a re are precisely what ecotourism wants to avoid. For example, TIES —The International Ecotourism Society promotes responsibletravel to tourist areas. TIES wants travel to be environmentally friendly and help improve the well-being of local people.Jack: How can these improvements be made? Eric: By providing financial benefits and empowerment for local people, and by raising awareness on environmental and cultural issues that are important to them.Jack: I think that’s commendable. From now on, I will be an ecotourist!Unit7Cindy: Dr. Wang, do you have a moment? I would like to ask you for some advice.Dr. Wang: Of course, Cindy, what can I do for you?Cindy: I wanted to ask you about idioms. I have an IELTS test next month and the public IELTS descriptors show that I can get a higher score on the speaking test if I use idiomatic vocabulary.Dr. Wang: Well, using idioms isn’t always easy. But I could give you one or two that might be helpful.Cindy: I’d appreciate that.Dr. Wang: Hmm, let’s see …If you’re asked to describe yourself, you could answer that you’re a person who doesn’t like to cause problems by saying you don’t like to rock the boat.Cindy: Sure, I can remember that. Thank you...Do you have some other suggestions?Dr. Wang: Well, let me think.If you find something to be easy to do,you can say: it’s a piece of cake.Cindy: Oh yeah, I’ve heard that before.I’ll try to use that idiom during my test.I could say: speaking English is a piece of cake! Ha, ha!Dr. Wang: Ha! Yes, that’s fine. Do make sure that you use these idioms in the appropriate context or they will not make sense.Cindy: I understand.I’ll practice lots during the nextfew weeks so that I get the hang of it!Simon: I am thinking of learning French.Sherly: Ah French, the language of romance and poetry...Simon: Yes, it is a beautiful language indeed.But I don’t want to become a French poet!I plan to learn French to increase my job prospects.Sherly: I d on’t follow you.Simon: Well, I am very proud to say that I am bilingual. I speak Chinese and English. But in today’s world,to find a good job, it’s better to be trilingual.Sherly: Trilingual? You mean, speak three languages.Simon: Yes.Sherly: So why French then?Simon: It was a tough call I was thinking French or Spanish, but decided on French because I am interested in working in countries where it is spoken.Sherly: Like Canada, Switzerland and Belgium?Simon: Yes, and also places in Africa, like Senegal or Cameroon, or in Latin America, like Haiti.Sherly: I agree, those would be fascinating places to work in. Good luck!Unit8Jane: Hey Dan, thanks for freeing up time to help me.Dan: Don’t mention it Jane, it’s no problem at all... So what’s u p?Jane: My sister wants to study in America next year but doesn’t know what admissions test to take: SAT or ACT. I thought maybe you could help because you started your university studies in Chicago.Dan: Yeah, of course I can help. Both tests are verydifferent and measure different skills so I think the best choice comes down to what your sister is good at. Basically, depending on her strengths and weaknesses, she may perform much better on one test than the other.Jane: Well, she is good at science and wants to study Biology, maybe even Medicine.Dan: Hmm, it sounds to me like she should take the ACT. Jane: Why is that?Dan: It’s more geared towards science students it includes a science-reasoning test whereas the SAT doesn’t.Jane: That’s good to know. Who is the SAT better for then?Dan: It’s better for people interested in subjects that require good problem solving and critical thinking skills.Jane: Ah, I see so it’s a test you’d be good at because you’re an expert at solving problems, especi ally mine!Jane: I am so nervous, Cindy! I have my IELTS test tomorrow.Cindy: Nervous, you? You have nothing to be worried about.Jane: You’re just saying that to lift my spirits.Cindy: Jane, I am serious: you’ll be fine.Jane: What makes you so sure?Cindy: Well, to begin with, your listening skills areterrific, and you have no problems with spelling and grammar. So your listening test should go very smoothly.Jane: I hope so!Cindy: I also predict strong writing and reading scores.After all, your vocabulary is good and you are a coherent, logical thinker.Jane: Why all the compliments?Cindy: I am just being honest. You need to believe in yourself.Jane: It’s hard. I just get so stressed before tests. The IELTS interview terrifies me.Cindy: Jane, you are a fluent speaker, who expressesopinions clearly and supports them with good evidence. Youwill ace the interview!Jane: I sure hope you’re right. If you are, let’scelebrate by eating out!Cindy: Sure, it’s a deal!。