经济学中弹性及其应用

(Q2 Q1 )/[(Q 2 Q1 )/2] Price Elasticity of Demand = (P2 P1 )/[(P2 P1 )/2]
中ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้法:一种计算百分比变化 和弹性的更好方法
中点法 是计算需求价格弹性的更好方法，因 为无论变动的方向如何，中点法给出了同一 个答案。
(Q2 Q1 )/[(Q 2 Q1 )/2] 需求价格弹性= (P2 P1 )/[(P2 P1 )/2]
(10 8 ) 100 20 percent 10 2 ( 2.20 2.00) 100 10 percent 2.00
计算需求价格弹性
需求量变动的百分比 需求价格弹性 价格变动的百分比
例子: 如果冰激凌蛋卷的价格从2美元上升到 2.2美元，你的购买量从10个下降到8个，你的 需求价格弹性计算如下：
需求倾向于富有弹性：
u
u u u
如果物品是奢侈品 时期更长 相近替代品的数量更多 市场定义的范围更窄
Computing the Price Elasticity of Demand The price elasticity of demand is computed as the percentage change in the quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in price.
The Midpoint Method: A Better Way to Calculate Percentage Changes and Elasticities
(Q2 Q1 )/[(Q 2 Q1 )/2] Price Elasticity of Demand = (P2 P1 )/[(P2 P1 )/2]
Percentage Change in Quantity Demanded Price Elasticity of Demand = Percentage Change in Price
计算需求价格弹性
用需求量变动的百分比除以价格变动的百 分比来计算需求价格弹性。
需求量变动的百分比 需求价格弹性= 价格变动的百分比
u
Availability of Close Substitutes
相近替代品的可获得性
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u
Definition of the Market 市场的定义
Time Horizon 时间的长短
Determinants of Price Elasticity of Demand
Demand tends to be more elastic :
Computing the Price Elasticity of Demand
Price elasticity of demand Percentagechange in quatity demanded Percentagechange in price
Example: If the price of an ice cream cone increases from $2.00 to $2.20 and the amount you buy falls from 10 to 8 cones then your elasticity of demand would be calculated as:
u
需求的价格弹性
u
需求的价格弹性——价格变化1%引 起的需求量的变化百分比值。 它是一种物品的需求量对其价格变动 的反应程度的衡量。
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Determinants of Price Elasticity of Demand
需求价格弹性的决定因素
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Necessities versus Luxuries 必需品与奢侈品
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Price Elasticity of Demand
u
Price elasticity of demand is the percentage change in quantity demanded given a percent change in the price. It is a measure of how much the quantity demanded of a good responds to a change in the price of that good.
(10 8) 100 20 ％ 10 2 (2.20 2.00) 100 10 ％ 2.00
The Midpoint Method: A Better Way to Calculate
Percentage Changes and Elasticities
The midpoint formula is preferable when calculating the price elasticity of demand because it gives the same answer regardless of the direction of the change.
u
u u u
if the good is a luxury. the longer the time period. the larger the number of close substitutes. the more narrowly defined the market.
价格需求弹性的决定因素
Elasticity and Its Application 经济学中弹性 及其应用
Elasticity . . . 弹性…
… is a measure of how much buyers and sellers respond to changes in market conditions. …是衡量买者和卖者对市场条件变动的 反应大小的指标。 u … allows us to analyze supply and demand with greater precision. …使我们可以更精确地分析供给与需求