雅思阅读模拟试卷
详细解答雅思阅读模拟试题
详细解答雅思阅读模拟试题试题一：词汇理解（20分钟）阅读以下段落，然后回答问题。
段落：问题：1. What is the main idea of the paragraph?2. According to the paragraph, what are the advantages and disadvantages of the Internet?{content}试题二：长篇阅读（40分钟）阅读以下文章，然后回答问题。
文章：The Impact of Social Media on Teenagers问题：1. What is the main topic of the article?2. According to the article, what are the potential negative effects of excessive social media use among teenagers?{content}试题三：信息匹配（20分钟）阅读以下段落，然后匹配每个段落与其主题。
段落：1. The Internet has changed the way we access information. We can now find answers to our questions with just a few clicks.2. Social media platforms often promote unrealistic lifestyles and beauty standards, which can lead to feelings of inadequacy and pressure among users.主题：A. The advantages of the InternetB. The disadvantages of the InternetC. The impact of social media on teenagersD. Online privacy concerns{content}答案解析试题一答案解析1. The main idea of the paragraph is to discuss the role of the Internet in our daily lives and the challenges it poses.试题二答案解析1. The main topic of the article is the impact of social media on teenagers.2. The potential negative effects of excessive social media use among teenagers mentioned in the article are low self-esteem, depression, and addiction.试题三答案解析1. Paragraph 1 matches with theme A (The advantages of the Internet) as it discusses the ease of accessing information online.2. Paragraph 2 matches with theme C (The impact of social media on teenagers) as it discusses the negative effects of social media on users' self-image.3. Paragraph 3 matches with theme D (Online privacy concerns) as it discusses the issue of personal data collection and privacy.希望以上解答对您有所帮助，如有任何疑问，请随时提问。
雅思(阅读)模拟试卷101
雅思（阅读）模拟试卷101(总分：80.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Reading Module(总题数：11，分数：80.00)1.Reading Module (60 minutes)__________________________________________________________________________________________解析：You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below. The Extraordinary Watkin TenchAt the end of 18th century, life for the average British citizen was changing. The population grew as health and industrialisation took hold of the country. However, land and resources were limited. Families could not guarantee jobs for all of their children. People who were poor or destitute had little option. To make things worse, the rate of people who turned to crime to make a living increased. In Britain, the prisons were no longer large enough to hold the convicted people of this growing criminal class. Many towns and governments were at a loss as to what to do. However, another phenomenon that was happening in the 18th century was exploration of other continents. There were many ships looking for crew members who would risk a month-long voyage across a vast ocean. This job was risky and dangerous, so few would willingly choose it. However, with so many citizens without jobs or with criminal convictions, they had little choice. One such member of this new lower class of British citizens was named Watkin Tench. Between 1788 and 1868, approximately 161,700 convicts were transported to the Australian colonies of New South Wales, Van Diemen's land and Western Australia. Tench was one of these unlucky convicts to sign onto a dangerous journey. When his ship set out in 1788, he signed a three years' service to the First Fleet.Apart from his years in Australia, people knew little about his life back in Britain. It was said he was born on 6 October 1758 at Chester in the county of Cheshire in England. He came from a decent background. Tench was a son of Fisher Tench, a dancing master who ran a boarding school in the town and Margaritta Tarleton of the Liverpool Tarletons. He grew up around a finer class of British citizens, and his family helped instruct the children of the wealthy in formal dance lessons. Though we don't know for sure how Tench was educated in this small British town, we do know that he is well educated. His diaries from his travels to Australia are written in excellent English, a skill that not everyone was lucky to possess in the 18th century. Aside from this, we know little of Tench's beginnings. We don't know how he ended up convicted of a crime. But after he started his voyage, his life changed dramatically.During the voyage, which was harsh and took many months, Tench described landscape of different places. While sailing to Australia, Tench saw landscapes that were unfamiliar and new to him. Arriving in Australia, the entire crew was uncertain of what was to come in their new life. When they arrived in Australia, they established a British colony. Governor Philip was vested with complete authority over the inhabitants of the colony. Though still a young man, Philip was enlightened for his age. From stories of other British colonies, Philip learnt that conflict with the original peoples of the land was often a source of strife and difficulties. To avoid this, Philip's personal intent was to establish harmonious relations with local Aboriginal people. But Philip's job was even more difficult considering his crew. Other colonies were established with middle-class merchants and craftsmen. His crew were convicts, who had few other skills outside of their criminal histories. Along with making peace with the Aboriginal people, Philip also had to try to reform as well as discipline the convicts of the colony.From the beginning, Tench stood out as different from the other convicts. During his initial time in Australia, he quickly rose in his rank, and was given extra power and responsibility over the convicted crew members. However, he was also still very different from the upper-class rulers who came to rule over the crew. He showed humanity towards the convicted workers. He didn't want to treat them as common criminals, but as trained militarymen. Under Tench's authority, he released the convicts' chains which were used to control them during the voyage. Tench also showed mercy towards the Aboriginal people. Governor Philip often pursued violent solutions to conflicts with the Aboriginal peoples. Tench disagreed strongly with this method. At one point, he was unable to follow the order given by the Governor Philip to punish the ten Aboriginals.When they first arrived, Tench was fearful and contemptuous towards the Aboriginals, because the two cultures did not understand each other. However, gradually he got to know them individually and became close friends with them. Tench knew that the Aboriginal people would not cause them conflict if they looked for a peaceful solution. Though there continued to be conflict and violence, Tench's efforts helped establish a more peaceful negotiation between the two groups when they settled territory and land-use issues.Meanwhile, many changes were made to the new colony. The Hawkesbury River was named by Governor Philip in June 1789. Many native bird species to the river were hunted by travelling colonists. The colonists were having a great impact on the land and natural resources. Though the colonists had made a lot of progress in the untamed lands of Australia, there were still limits. The convicts were notoriously ill-informed about Australian geography, as was evident in the attempt by twenty absconders to walk from Sydney to China in 1791, believing: "China might be easily reached, being not more than a hundred miles distant, and separated only by a river." In reality, miles of ocean separated the two.Much of Australia was unexplored by the convicts. Even Tench had little understanding of what existed beyond the established lines of their colony. Slowly, but surely, the colonists expanded into the surrounding area. A few days after arrival at Botany Bay, their original location, the fleet moved to the more suitable Port Jackson where a settlement was established at Sydney Cove on 26 January 1788. This second location was strange and unfamiliar, and the fleet was on alert for any kind of suspicious behaviors. Though Tench had made friends in Botany Bay with Aboriginal peoples, he could not be sure this new land would be uninhabited. He recalled the first time he stepped into this unfamiliar ground with a boy who helped Tench navigate. In these new lands, he met an old Aboriginal.Questions 1-6Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1? In boxes 1-6 on you answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts with the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this.（分数：12.00）(1).There was a great deal of information available about the life of Tench before he arrived in Australia.（分数：2.00）A.TRUEB.FALSE √C.NOT GIVEN解析：解析：题干说：在瓦金-坦奇到达澳大利亚之前，有大量关于他的生平信息。
雅思(阅读)模拟试卷17(题后含答案及解析)
雅思（阅读）模拟试卷17(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Reading ModuleReading Module (60 minutes)READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.These invasive species are ruining the retail ecosystem A Invasive species often triumph as a result of good intentions gone wrong. Take Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica), introduced to Britain by enthusiastic Victorian gardeners who thought it an ornamental delight that doubled as cattle feed. But from just a scrap of root no bigger than a pea it could grow through tarmac, pavements and brick walls. A century later, its spread is considered such a threat that planting or dumping knotweed is a crime. Knotweed is so hated because it suffocates other plants, replacing them with an unproductive, leafy monotony. Then there is the Nile perch (Lates niloticus), branded one of the world’s worst invaders by conservationists. It’s a freshwater fish that can grow to huge proportions. Again, with good intentions, it was introduced in 1954 to Lake Victoria, straddling Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda. Since then it has helped push over 200 well-established local fish species to extinction. Like the Nile perch, the cane toad (Bufo marinus) eats almost anything it gets its mouth around. Introduced for pest control, it turned out to be noisy, fast-spreading, and a greater pest itself.B As it is in nature, so it is in the economy. Big superstores and chain retailers were allowed to spread by planners, town councils and governments in awe of big business. But then it started to go wrong. The chains became the economic equivalent of invasive species: hungry, indiscriminate, often antisocial and destructive. When no one was paying much attention, the superstores and cloned shops grew to dominate and suffocate the economic ecosystem. They passed through planning regulations as easily as knotweed pushes through tarmac, devoured smaller and independent retailers with as much reflection as the Nile perch cleansing Lake Victoria of competition. They were often introduced to provide a specific service but outgrew their habitats until their cash—till song could be heard on every street corner, forecourt, roundabout and out-of-town shopping centre. Neither in balance, nor even a boom-bust cycle with other similar, local species of shop; they began permanently to displace them.C Natural scientists use a whole new term to describe the current epoch of comprehensive, global human interference in ecosystems. Our time, they sa5 should be called the “Homogocene” to describe the way that distinctiveness and difference are being eroded. A combination of the creep of invasive species and habitats destroyed by development is driving a mass extinction. The World Conservation Union warns that such invasions are leading to the irretrievable loss of native biodiversity. Typical characteristics of an invasive species include the absence of predators, hardiness, and a generalist diet. Whatever the reason for their arrival andproliferation, invasive species tend to cause a disruption of the ecosystem that is catastrophic for native species.D The big, centralised logistical operations of the supermarkets are likewise driving the homogenisation of business, shopping, eating, farming, food, the landscape, the environment and our daily lives. In the process, Britain is being sucked into a vortex of US-style, chain-store-led, clone retailing, both in towns and in soulless “big-box”out-of-town shopping parks—what they call in the US, with its associated suburban sprawl, the “dead zone”. They are spreading in the way “invasive species” spread in nature, lacking checks and balances, killing off diversity and “native” (in other words, local) species. Tesco is not the only guilty party (think of McDonald’s, Starbucks and Gap), but it is possibly the largest driving force. With around 2000 stores in Britain, almost one third of the grocery market, and rapid international growth, City analysts believe the brand has the land and resources in place already to double its UK floorspace. Can anything stop it?E Bear in mind those characteristics of an invasive species: the absence of predators (real commercial competition or effective regulators to hold them back); hardiness (the legions of corporate lawyers, financial leverage and endless commercial cost-cutting); and a generalist diet (supermarkets will sell virtually anything, and chain stores operate according to a low common denominator). If you want diversity in your world rather than one kind of plant in your garden, one kind of fish in your lake and only one type of venomous, croaking toad under your shed, then you have to manage for that outcome. When we garden, we hold back aggressive, opportunistic plants in order to keep space open for a celebration of variety and colour.F Like it or not (and it is something about which most policy makers and economists are in deep denial), weakly regulated markets give free rein to economic invasive species and hence tend towards monopoly. This is the great modern economic irony. Advocates of free markets argue against checks and balances to counter the power of big business, but in doing so ultimately destroy the possibility of markets that could meaningfully be called free, or, rather, “open”. They resist anti-monopoly regulation in the name of providing consumer choice, and in the process they ultimately destroy it. In some important ways, we are returning to an earlier phase of corporatism. Henry Ford told customers they could have any colour of car, as long as it was black. The scale and seriousness of Tesco’s ambition means that, before long, unless we recognise what is happening and have regulators up to the job, one day we will be able to shop anywhere we like, as long as it’s Tesco.Questions 1-4The text has 6paragraphs (A-F). Which paragraph contains each of the following pieces of information?1．The suggestion that the government should legislate to control invasive species of a corporate nature.正确答案：F*2．Examples of the problems with the spread of specific invasive species innature.正确答案：A*3．A description of how invasive species in nature are different from other ones.正确答案：C*4．Examples of companies that can be considered invasive species.正确答案：DQuestions 5-8Complete the following sentences using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the text.5．Japanese knotweed was used for decoration and as ______.正确答案：cattle feed*6．“Homogocene” is the word used by natural scientists to describe the ______ we are living in.正确答案：epoch*7．______, plenty of money and cost-cutting increase the strength of big supermarkets.正确答案：Corporate lawyers/Lawyers*8．The article suggests that ______ allow economic invasive species to do what they want and eventually lead to monopolies.正确答案：weakly regulated marketsQuestions 9-13Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1? TRUE——if the information in the text agrees with the statement FALSE——if the information in the text contradicts the statement NOT GIVEN——if there is no information on this9．The Nile perch was introduced in to Lake Victoria as a source of food for local people.A．真B．假C．NOT GIVEN正确答案：C*10．Planning regulations have been ineffective against big supermarkets.A．真B．假C．NOT GIVEN正确答案：A*11．Supermarkets in Britain sell a limited range of products.A．真B．假C．NOT GIVEN正确答案：B*12．Chain stores only sell low-quality goods.A．真B．假C．NOT GIVEN正确答案：C*13．The writer is against the domination of big supermarkets.A．真B．假C．NOT GIVEN正确答案：AREADING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.Fruit that Falls Far from the Tree A In the 2002 football World Cup, France, the reigning world champions, suffered a humiliating defeat to unfancied Senegal. All 11 members of the victorious Senegalese team had played for European clubs. They were not alone. By 2000, the first andsecond divisions of Europe’s leagues had poached enough African players to field 70 teams. So, have greedy European clubs deprived Senegal of its best footballers, or has the prospect of a lucrative career in Europe encouraged more Senegalese to take up the beautiful game?B This question Is posed by a new book, “Give Us Your Best and Brightest”, by Devesh Kapur and John McHale. The authors are development economists first, football fans second (if at all). They see the emigration of African players as a highly visible example of the “brain drain”. Less visible, but more worrying, is the departure of the poor world’s doctors, nurses and teachers to more lucrative job markets in the rich world. Ghana, for example, has only 6.2 doctors per 100000 people. Perhaps three-quarters of its doctors leave within ten years of qualifying C The answer to the Senegal conundrum Is of course “both”: the best players leave, and the dream of emulating them motivates many others to take their place. The real question is whether the second effect outweighs the first, leaving the game in Senegal stronger or weaker than it otherwise would be. A few economists, including Andrew Mountford, of Royal Holloway (part of the University of London), and Oded Stark, of the University of Bonn. think the net effect of the brain drain is similarly ambiguous. The prospect of securing a visa to America or Australia should tempt more people in poor countries to Invest in education. Mr Stark calls this a “brain gain”. If the temptation is strong enough, and the chances of landing a visa low enough, the poor country could even come out ahead: it might gain more qualified (if disappointed) doctors and engineers than it loses.D As with all debates about the brain drain, theory has rim ahead of evidence. The numbers on international flows of people are much patchier than those on cross-border flows of goods or capital. In a recent paper, Mr Stark and his co-authors investigate internal migration Instead. The rural villages of Mexico lose many of their brightest sons and daughters to Jobs in titles or border towns, Those Mexicans who leave their home villages tend to be better-educated than those who stay. Despite this, the example the leavers set (and the job leads they provide) raises the average level of schooling of those left behind. Because they can aspire to a world beyond the village, even if they never reach it, young Mexicans have an added reason to stay In school beyond a ninth year, the authors show.E Even if the brain drain does leave a country with a better-educated populace, is this necessarily a good thing? Education is not free, and some of those who gambled on a diploma as a ticket overseas will regret their decision. Mr Stark assumes that people in poor countries tend to demand too little education. A person’s productivity depends on the skills of those around him, as well as his own. Because of these spillovers, an individual’s education Is worth more to the economy as a whole than it is to himself, and he will underinvest in it as a result. Mr Stark sees limited emigration as one way to fix this market failure.F India’s software engineers are perhaps an example of this principle at work. Indian students had little reason to learn computer coding before there was a software industry to employ them. Such an Industry could not take root without computer engineers to man lt. The dream of a job In Silicon valley, however, was enough to luremany of India’s bright young things into coding and that was enough to hatch an indigenous software industry where none existed befits.G India’s valley-dwellers represent just one contingent in a much larger diaspora. According to the most exhaustive study of the brain drain, released last month by the World Bank, there were 1.04m Indian-born people, educated past secondary school, living in the 30 relatively rich countries of the OECD in 2000. (An unknown number of them acquired their education outside their country of birth, the report notes.) This largely successful diaspora is more than just something to envy and emulate. Its members can be a source of know-how and money, and provide valuable entrees into foreign markets and supply chains.H Messrs Kaput and McHale think India’s relatively happy experience with its educated emigres is more likely to be the exception than the rule. Its million-strong brain drain represents Just 43% of its vast graduate population, according to the Bank. By contrast, almost 47% of Ghana’s highly educated native sons live in the OECD; for Guyana, the figure is 89%. This is not a stimulative leeching of talent; it is a haemorrhage.I Emigration, as Mr Stark suggests, might be a spur to greater accomplishment, and the poor world’s talent, like Senegal’s footballers, deserves a chance to compete on a global stage. It is not easy to run a managed “emigration”policy. The drain of educated minds from poor countries is mostly determined by host countries’rules, not home countries’Interests, There will be tremendous pressure to loosen those rules in the future, not least because, as the baby-boom generation retires, it will seek to “backfill the taxpaying workforce behind it”, as Messrs Kapur and McHale put it. The rich world no longer welcomes the tired and the huddled; It looks set to compete ever more fiercely for the bright and the qualified.Questions 14-17The text has 9 paragraphs (A-I). Which paragraph does each of the following headings best fit?14．Brain gain or brain drain?正确答案：C*15．Brain haemorrhage正确答案：H*16．Migrants can be connectors正确答案：G*17．Opportunities lead to longer education正确答案：DQuestions 18-22According to the text, FIVE of the following statements are true. Write the corresponding letters in answer boxes 18 to 22 in any order.[A] Emigration of health care workers is more important than that of footballers.[B] If the chances of getting a visa to a rich country are low, this could benefit poor countries.[C] It is difficult to measure the flow of money across national borders.[D] A person’s productivity depends, to a certain extent, on the productivity of those around him/her.[E] Many Indians were unsuccessful in getting to America so they set up coding industries in India.[F] Most Indian-born people with degrees got those degrees outside India.[G] Most Indian emigrants return to India.[H] International migration policy is largely decided by rich countries rather than poor ones.18．【18】______正确答案：A*19．【19】______正确答案：B*20．【20】______正确答案：D*21．【21】______正确答案：E*22．【22】______正确答案：HQuestions 23-26According to the information given in the text, choose the correct answer from the choices given.23．Senegal ______.A．was not expected to beat France in the 2002 World Cup.B．provides most of the African football players in Europe.C．provides more footballers to Europe than any other African country.正确答案：A*24．Football players leaving Senegal for Europe is good because ______.A．they are not actually the best players.B．they encourage other people to play football well.C．there are too many footballers in Senegal.正确答案：B*25．Oded Stark researched internal migration because ______.A．he is from Mexico.B．international migration is hard to measure.C．Mexicans tend to migrate within their own country.正确答案：B*26．India’s brain drain is not a big problem because ______.A．it represents a small percentage of India’s highly educated population.B．Indian people are spread all over the world.C．India’s government restricts emigration carefully.正确答案：AREADING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below. Black Gold Dark chocolate used to be an acquired taste. The trouble is, we’ve all acquired it. As cocoa prices soar, and a shortage looms, our changing tastes could be threatening the very source of our pleasure. A 25% jump in dark chocolate sales in the UK pretty much speaks for itself. As a nation we are turning our backs on the bland taste of milk chocolate, which is often saturated with vegetable oil. Dark chocolate now dominates counters in many supermarkets. Chocoholics should brace themselves. Fears over a global chocolate shortage have sparked a run on the dark stuff on world cocoa markets that has pushed the price up of cacao beans (used to make cocoa) to their highest level for more than two years. The price of cocoa futures, which is how the beans are traded on world commodity markets, has climbed steadily since last November, reviving fears of the cocoa crisis of 2002 that forced major manufacturers such as Nestle to hike the price of some of its chocolate bars.Although speculators have been fingered for pushing the price of cocoa higher, British chocolate aficionados must share at least some of the blame for the run on the bean. Soaring demand for dark chocolate in the UK has put a rocket under the global price of cacao beans, compounding the impact of a severe drought in West Africa, which is home to much of the world’s cacao bean supplies. Consumers are doing the samething in chocolate as in the rest of the food market. They are trading up and being more discerning about what they buy. All of the country’s top supermarket chains have added new premium dark chocolate varieties to their own-brand ranges in response to this phenomenon. Supermarkets have also expanded the number of dark chocolate lines they stock, dwarfing their milk chocolate variants in some cases. Of course, it takes more beans to produce a bar of dark chocolate than are needed for a bar of milk—and that’s at the root of the problem, Yesterday the cost of cacao beans for delivery in July on the London cocoa exchange shot to ￡1028 a tonne on exceptionally heavy trading. This was up ￡22 on the day and the highest price that the crop has fetched at any point since November 2004. The cost of buying cacao beans was pushed higher by canny investors who have placed record bets that prices will keep rising. Hedge funds, which make money by punting on whether commodity or share prices will rise or fall, have swallowed up a third of the cocoa contracts traded in New York, the other main cocoa trading centre. So far, industry buyers, such as Cadbury Schweppes, have refrained from joining the frenzy, although traders believe that a jump in prices will prompt them to build up their stocks.Prices have risen nearly thirty par cent since the beginning of December, largely on growing concern about what farmers in lvory Coast, the biggest cacao bean producer in west Africa, have dubbed the worst drought in living memory. To make matters worse, demand is outstripping supply as the teeth of consumers in developing markets begin to sweeten. The International Cocoa Organisation predicts a global cocoa shortfall of around 100000 tonnes this year alone, although private forecasts warn the deficit could be as much as 250000 tonnes.Getting the right beans is becoming crucial in a market that is fast following in the footsteps of wine and coffee in terms of getting consumers to appreciate its effect on the palate. People these days are willing to experiment more with food and drink. Rather like wine and coffee, people are realising there are varieties of chocolate available. Dark used to be a niche, but not any longer. With dark chocolate you ere tasting the cocoa, whereas with milk you are tasting the recipe. There are 450 different flavour elements in a single cacao bean, which itself varies in taste depending on where it is grown. Chocolate from Colombia might seem peppery, while chocolate from Venezuela might small like vanilla, for example. This is driving demand for an uber premium version: the so-celled single-estate chocolate bar, which sources its beans from a single location. Scientists are failing over themselves to complete studies showing that moderate consumption of high-quality chocolate can be good for you? Only last week a Harvard professor unveiled research suggesting that a nutrient in cocoa celled epicatechin could lower the risks of cancer, strokes, heart disease and diabetes. Dr Norman Hollenberg, of Harvard Medical School, based his findings on a study of the Kuna people of Panama, who are weaned on cocoa and can drink up to 40 cups of the stuff a week. Separete research at the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, late lest year found that snacking on dark chocolate decreased the development of potentially fatal blood dots. And other studies have found that dark chocolate has proportionately mare antioxidants than other foods that are better known for their health-giving properties, such as red wine, green tea and berries.Health has probably played a role, but more as a justification for consumption than anything else. One of dark chocolate’s big selling points is that it doesn’t trap the chocoholic in the same downward sugar-craving spiral as milk chocolate versions. Parents should bear this in mind when they go shopping for snacks for their children.A new breed of fashionable diets has also helped to promote the cause of dark chocolate. Most dieticians agree that a little of what you fancy does you mom good than outright denial. Some experts think more people are eating dark chocolate because the products have got better. The challenge with higher cocoa variants is to get the right trade-off between the percentage of bitter-tasting cocoa, which is where all the good micronutrients come from, and sugar. In the past, dark chocolate was bitter and reasonably gritty tasting. Some companies use a gentle-tasting cocoa bean which, if you’re new to dark chocolate, doesn’t scare you off. Adding a hint of vanilla can also help. Vanilla acts as a seasoning to soften the biter notes of the cocoa and to bring out the sweetness.Questions 27-30For each question, only ONE of the choices is correct. Write the corresponding letter in the appropriate box on your answer sheet.27．In the UK, people are eating more ______.A．chocolate.B．dark chocolate.C．milk chocolate.正确答案：B*28．Cocoa prices are rising for several reasons, but not because of ______.A．a water shortage in West Africa.B．speculators.C．transportation problems.正确答案：C*29．Industry buyers are ______.A．buying far more cacao beans than usual.B．not buying enough cacao beans to make chocolate.C．not yet responding to the price rise in cacao beans.正确答案：C*30．______ are trying hard to prove that chocolate can be good for you.A．ManufacturersB．cientistsC．Advertisers正确答案：BQuestions 31-35Complete the following sentences using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the text.31．A worldwide ______ in chocolate production is expected this year.正确答案：shortfall/deficit*32．Chocolate is becoming like ______ in that people are looking for fresh tastes.正确答案：wine and coffee*33．Dark chocolate can prevent deadly ______.正确答案：blood clots*34．Most dieticians disagree with the concept of ______ when dieting.正确答案：outright denial*35．Some companies have made their dark chocolate less ______.正确答案：gritty tastingQuestions 36-40Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passge 3? TRUE——if the information in the text agrees with the statement FALSE——if the information in the text contradicts the statement NOT GIVEN——if there is no information on this36．Not one company has yet increased the price of its chocolate bars.A．真B．假C．NOT GIVEN正确答案：B*37．Chocolate consumers in Britain are moving to higher quality brands.A．真B．假C．NOT GIVEN正确答案：A*38．London and New York are the biggest cocoa trading centres. A．真B．假C．NOT GIVEN正确答案：A*39．The taste of cacao beans depends on the climate where it is grown. A．真B．假C．NOT GIVEN正确答案：C*40．Vanilla is used in most types of dark chocolate.A．真B．假C．NOT GIVEN正确答案：C。
雅思(阅读)模拟试卷107(题后含答案及解析)
雅思（阅读）模拟试卷107(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Reading ModuleReading Module (60 minutes)You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Cutty Sark: the fastest sailing ship of all timeThe nineteenth century was a period of great technological development in Britain, and for shipping the major changes were from wind to steam power, and from wood to iron and steel.The fastest commercial sailing vessels of all time were clippers, three-masted ships built to transport goods around the world, although some also took passengers. From the 1840s until 1869, when the Suez Canal opened and steam propulsion was replacing sail, clippers dominated world trade. Although many were built, only one has survived more or less intact: Cutty Sark, now on display in Greenwich, southeast London.Cutty Sark’s unusual name comes from the poem Tarn O’Shanter by the Scottish poet Robert Burns. Tarn, a farmer, is chased by a witch called Nannie, who is wearing a ‘cutty sark’- an old Scottish name for a short nightdress. The witch is depicted in Cutty Sark’s figurehead - the carving of a woman typically at the front of old sailing ships. In legend, and in Burns’s poem, witches cannot cross water, so this was a rather strange choice of name for a ship.Cutty Sark was built in Dumbarton, Scotland, in 1869, for a shipping company owned by John Willis. To carry out construction, Willis chose a new shipbuilding firm, Scott & Linton, and ensured that the contract with them put him in a very strong position. In the end, the firm was forced out of business, and the ship was finished by a competitor.Willis’s company was active in the tea trade between China and Britain, where speed could bring shipowners both profits and prestige, so Cutty Sark was designed to make the journey more quickly than any other ship. On her maiden voyage, in 1870, she set sail from London, carrying large amounts of goods to China. She returned laden with tea, making the journey back to London in four months. However, Cutty Sark never lived up to the high expectations of her owner, as a result of bad winds and various misfortunes. On one occasion, in 1872, the ship and a rival clipper, Thermopylae, left port in China on the same day. Crossing the Indian Ocean, Cutty Sark gained a lead of over 400 miles, but then her rudder was severely damaged in stormy seas, making her impossible to steer. The ship’s crew had the daunting task of repairing the rudder at sea, and only succeeded at the second attempt. Cutty Sark reached London a week after Thermopylae.Steam ships posed a growing threat to clippers, as their speed and cargo capacity increased. In addition, the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, the same year that Cutty Sark was launched, had a serious impact. While steam ships could make use of the quick, direct route between the Mediterranean and the Red Sea, the canal was of no use to sailing ships, which needed the much stronger winds of the oceans, and so had to sail a far greater distance. Steam ships reduced the journey time between Britain and China by approximately two months.By 1878, tea traders weren’tinterested in Cutty Sark, and instead, she took on the much less prestigious work of carrying any cargo between any two ports in the world. In 1880, violence aboard the ship led ultimately to the replacement of the captain with an incompetent drunkard who stole the crew’s wages. He was suspended from service, and a new captain appointed. This marked a turnaround and the beginning of the most successful period in Cutty Sark’s working life, transporting wool from Australia to Britain. One such journey took just under 12 weeks, beating every other ship sailing that year by around a month.The ship’s next captain, Richard Woodget, was an excellent navigator, who got the best out of both his ship and his crew. As a sailing ship, Cutty Sark depended on the strong trade winds of the southern hemisphere, and Woodget took her further south than any previous captain, bringing her dangerously close to icebergs off the southern tip of South America. His gamble paid off, though, and the ship was the fastest vessel in the wool trade for ten years.As competition from steam ships increased in the 1890s, and Cutty Sark approached the end of her life expectancy, she became less profitable. She was sold to a Portuguese firm, which renamed her Ferreira. For the next 25 years, she again carried miscellaneous cargoes around the world.Badly damaged in a gale in 1922, she was put into Falmouth harbour in southwest England, for repairs. Wilfred Dowman, a retired sea captain who owned a training vessel, recognised her and tried to buy her, but without success. She returned to Portugal and was sold to another Portuguese company. Dowman was determined, however, and offered a high price: this was accepted, and the ship returned to Falmouth the following year and had her original name restored.Dowman used Cutty Sark as a training ship, and she continued in this role after his death. When she was no longer required, in 1954, she was transferred to dry dock at Greenwich to go on public display. The ship suffered from fire in 2007, and again, less seriously, in 2014, but now Cutty Sark attracts a quarter of a million visitors a year.Questions 1-8Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 1-8 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this1．Clippers were originally intended to be used as passenger ships.A．TRUEB．假C．NOT GIVEN正确答案：B解析：题目：帆船建造的初衷是作为客流运输船只。
雅思(阅读)模拟试卷112(题后含答案及解析)
雅思（阅读）模拟试卷112(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Reading ModuleReading Module (60 minutes)You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Australia’s Growing DisasterFarming is threatening to destroy the soil and native flora and fauna over vast areas of Australia. What price should be put on conservation?Australia’s National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Committee estimates that burning wood from cleared forest accounts for about 30 per cent of Australia’s emissions of carbon dioxide, or 156 million tonnes a year. And water tables are rising beneath cleared land. In the Western Australian wheat belt, estimates suggest that water is rising by up to 1 metre a year. The land is becoming waterlogged and unproductive or is being poisoned by salt, which is brought to the surface. The Australian Conservation Foundation (ACF) reckons that 33 million hectares have been degraded by salination. The federal government estimates the loss in production from salinity at A$200 million a year. According to Jason Alexandra of the ACF, this list of woes is evidence that Australia is depleting its resources by trading agricultural commodities for manufactured goods. In effect, it sells topsoil for technologies that will be worn out or redundant in a few years. The country needs to get away from the ‘colonial mentality’ of exploiting resources and adopt agricultural practices suited to Australian conditions, he says.Robert Hadler of the National Farmers’ Federation does not deny that there is a problem, but says that it is ‘illogical’to blame farmers. Until the early 1980s, farmers were given tax incentives to clear land because that was what people wanted. If farmers are given tax breaks to manage land sustainably, they will do so. Hadler argues that the two reports on land clearance do not say anything which was not known before. Australia is still better off than many other developed countries, says Den Graetz, an ecologist at the CSIRIO, the national research organisation. ‘A lot of the country is still notionally pristine,’ he says ‘It is not transformed like Europe where almost nothing that is left is natural.’ Graetz, who analysed the satellite photographs for the second land clearance report, argues that there is now better co-operation between Australian scientists, government officials and farmers than in the past.But the vulnerable state of the land is now widely understood, and across Australia, schemes have started for promoting environment friendly farming. In 1989 Prime Minister Bob Hawke set up Landcare, a network of more than 2000 regional conservation groups. About 30 per cent of landholders are members. ‘It has become a very significant social movement,’says Helen Alexander from the National Landcare Council. ‘We started out worrying about not much more than erosion and the replanting of trees but it has grown much more diverse and sophisticated.’But the bugbear of all these conservation efforts is money. Landcare’s budget is A$110 million a year, of which only A $6 million goes to farmers. Neil Clark, an agricultural consultant from Bendigo in Victoria, says thatfarmers are not getting enough. ‘Farmers may want to make more efficient use of water and nutrients and embrace more sustainable practices, but it all costs money and they just don’t have the spare funds,’ he says.Clark also says scientists are taking too large a share of the money for conservation. Many problems posed by agriculture to the environment have been ‘researched to death’, he says. ‘We need to divert the money for a while into getting the solutions into place’. Australia’s chief scientist, Michael Pitman, disagrees. He says that science is increasingly important. Meteorologists, for example, are becoming confident about predicting events which cause droughts in Australia. ‘If this can be done with accuracy then it will have immense impact on stocking levels and how much feed to provide,’ says Pitman. “The end result will be much greater efficiency.’Steve Morton of the CSIRO Division of Wildlife and Ecology says the real challenge facing conservationists is to convince the 85 per cent of Australians who live in cities that they must foot a large part of the bill. “The land is being used to feed the majority and to produce wealth that circulates through the financial markets of the cities,’he says. One way would be to offer incentives to extend the idea of stewardship to areas outside the rangelands, so that more land could be protected rather than exploited. Alexander agrees. ‘The nation will have to debate to what extent it is willing to support rural communities,’ she says. ‘It will have to decide to what extent it wants food prices to reflect the true cost of production. That includes the cost of looking after the environment.’Questions 1-8Look at the following statements (Questions 1-8) and the list of people below.Match each statement with the correct person, A-G.Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 1-8 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.List of People A Jason Alexandra B Robert HadlerC Dean Graetz D Helen AlexanderE Neil Clark F Michael PitmanG Steve Morton1．Current conservation concerns are focused on a broad range of problems.正确答案：D解析：人物与观点的匹配题较特殊，选项A—G人物顺序与文中的出现顺序是一致的，且利用人名来定位较易，故做题时建议按人物顺序来解题，在1—8各题中寻找与人物匹配的观点。
雅思阅读(综合)模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)
雅思阅读（综合）模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Reading ModuleReading Module (60 minutes)Match each statement with the correct organisation, A-G.List of OrganisationsA Exploration ArchitectureB DESERTECC ABB Power TechnologiesD Aerospace CentreE AbengoaF The European ParliamentG e-Parliament1．They have set a time for achieving an objective.正确答案：F解析：Although the European Parliament has passed a law that aids investors who help the continent reach its goal of... (F段最后一句)2．They have a number of renewable energy projects under construction.正确答案：E解析：Seville engineering company Abengoa is building one solar-thermal plant in Algeria and another in Morocco, while a third is being built in Egypt by a Spanish-Japanese joint venture. (F段第二句)3．They believe that successful small-scale projects will demonstrate that larger projects are possible.正确答案：G解析：... NGO e-Parliament, thinks companies should begin transmitting small amounts of solar power as soon as the North African plants begin operating, by linking... (G段首句)4．They are already experimenting with solar-energy installations in other parts of the world.正确答案：A解析：says Michael Pawlyn, director of Exploration Architecture, ... which is testing solar plants in Oman and the United Arab Emirates. (B段倒数第二句)The History of the GuitarThe word ‘guitar’was brought into English as an adaptation of the Spanish word ‘guitarra,’ which was, in turn, derived from the Greek ‘kithara.’ Tracing the roots of the word further back into linguistic history, it seems to have been a combination of the Indo-European stem ‘guit-,’ meaning music, and theroot ‘-tar,’ meaning chord or string. The root ‘-tar’ is actually common to a number of languages, and can also be found in the word ‘sitar,’also a stringed musical instrument. Although the spelling and pronunciation differs between languages, these key elements are present in most words for ‘guitar’throughout history.While the guitar may have gained the bulk of its popularity as a musical instrument during the modern era, guitar-like instruments have been in existence in numerous cultures throughout the world for more than five thousand years. The earliest instruments that the modern eye and ear would recognize as a ‘normal’ acoustic guitar date from about five hundred years ago, in the late Medieval or early Renaissance periods. Prior to this time, stringed instruments were in use throughout the world, but these early instruments are known primarily from visual depictions, not from the continued existence of music written for them. The majority of these depictions show simple stringed instruments, often lacking some of the parts that define a modern guitar. A number of these instruments have more in common with the lute than the guitar.There is some uncertainty about the exact date of the earliest six-string guitar. The oldest one still in existence, which was made by Gaetano Vinaccia, is dated 1779. However, the authenticity of six string guitars alleged to have been made prior to 1790 is often suspect, as many fakes have been discovered dating to this era. The early nineteenth century is generally accepted as the time period during which six string guitars began taking on their modem shape and dimensions. Thus for nearly two hundred years, luthiers, or guitar makers, have been producing versions of the modem acoustic guitar.The first electric guitar was not developed until the early twentieth century. George Beauchamp received the first patent for an electric guitar in 1936, and Beauchamp went on to co-found Rickenbacker, originally known as the Electro String Instrument Company, with Adolph Rickenbacher. The spelling of the company name differs from Rickenbacher’s given surname to distance himself from his German ancestry, which was seen as suspect during the world wars. Although Rickenbacker began producing electric guitars in the late 1930s, this brand received most of its fame in the 1960s, when John Lennon used a Rickenbacker guitar for the Beatles debut performance on the Ed Sullivan show in 1964. George Harrison later bought a Rickenbacker guitar of his own, and the company later gave him one of their earliest twelve string electric guitars. Paul McCartney also used a Rickenbacker bass guitar for recording. The Beatles continued to use Rickenbacker guitars throughout their career, and made the instruments highly popular among other musicians of the era.The Fender Musical Instruments Company and the Gibson Guitar Corporation were two other early electric guitar pioneers, both developing models in the early 1950s. Fender began with the Telecaster in 1950 and 1951, and the Fender Stratocaster debuted in 1954. Gibson began selling the Gibson Les Paul, based partially on assistance from jazz musician and guitar innovator Les Paul, in 1952. The majority of present day solid-body electric guitars are still based largely on these three early electric guitar designs.Throughout the history of the guitar and related stringed instruments, an enormous number of individuals have made their mark on the way in which guitars were built, played, and perceived. Though some of these individuals are particularly well known, like the Beatles or Les Paul, the majority of these people arevirtually invisible to most modern guitar fans. By looking at the entire history of the guitar, rather than just recent developments, largely confined to electric guitars, it is possible to see more of the contributions of earlier generations.Questions 1-7Complete the sentences.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.5．Despite differences in______, ‘guit-’ and ‘-tar’ appear in the word for ‘guitar’in many languages.正确答案：spelling and pronunciation解析：Although the spelling and pronunciation differs between languages, these key elements are present in most words for ‘guitar’ throughout history. (第一段末句)6．Instruments that we would call acoustic guitars have been made and played for approximately正确答案：five hundred years解析：The earliest instruments that the modern eye and ear would recognize as a ‘normal’ acoustic guitar date from about five hundred years ago. (第二段第二句) 7．No one knows the______ when the first six-string guitar was made.正确答案：exact date解析：There is some uncertainty about the exact date of the earliest six-string guitar. (第三段首句)8．The______ of acoustic guitars have not changed much in 200 years.正确答案：shape and dimensions解析：The early nineteenth century... as the time period during which six string guitars began taking on their modern shape and dimensions. Thus for nearly two hundred years, luthiers,... have been producing versions of the modern acoustic guitar. (第三段最后两句)9．A______ for an electric guitar was issued in the mid-1930s.正确答案：patent解析：...George Beauchamp received the first patent for an electric guitar in 1936,... (第四段第二句)10．Les Paul, the well-known______ guitarist, was involved in the development of the electric guitar.正确答案：jazz解析：... based partially on assistance from .jazz musician and guitar innovator Les Paul, in 1952.(第五段第三句)11．Most______ of the guitar know little about its rich history.正确答案：fans解析：... the majority of these people are virtually invisible to most modern guitar fans. (末段第二句)Complete the summary.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Instruments similar to the guitar have been played by musicians for over【R8】______ years. What we know about many of these instruments comes from【R9】______ rather than actual physical examples or music played on them. In some ways, these early stringed instrument were closer to【R10】______than the guitar as we know it today. We do have examples of six-string guitars that are 200 years old. However, the【R11】______ of six-string guitars made by guitar makers (who are also known as【R12】______) before the final decade of the eighteenth century is often open to question.Although the electric guitar was invented in the 1930s, it took several decades for electric guitars to develop, with the company Rickenbacker playing a major part in this development. Most【R13】______electric guitars in use today are similar in design to guitars produced by the Fender Musical Instruments Company and the Gibson Guitar Corporation in the 1950s.12．【R8】正确答案：five thousand解析：... guitar-like instruments have been in existence... for more than five thousand years. (第二段首句)13．【R9】正确答案：visual depictions解析：... but these early instruments are known primarily from visual depictions, not from the continued existence of music written for them. (第二段第三句)14．【R10】正确答案：lute解析：A number of these instruments have more in common with the lute than the guitar. (第二段末句)15．【R11】正确答案：authenticity解析：However, the authenticity of six string guitars alleged to have been made prior to 1790 is often suspect,... (第三段第三句)16．【R12】正确答案：luthiers解析：Thus for nearly two hundred years, luthiers, or guitar makers, have been producing versions of the modern acoustic guitar. (第三段末句)17．【R13】正确答案：solid-body解析：The majority of present day solid-body electric guitars are still based largely on these three early electric guitar designs. (第五段末句)。
雅思阅读模拟试题和答案
雅思阅读模拟试题和答案在雅思考试中，阅读模块是考生们最为重视和关注的部分之一。
通过阅读模拟试题并了解正确答案，考生们可以更好地熟悉考试内容和技巧，提高阅读理解能力，从而取得更好的成绩。
以下是一篇关于雅思阅读模拟试题和答案的文章。
试题一：阅读下面的短文，回答问题。
The Industrial Revolution, which took place from the late 18th century to the early 19th century, greatly transformed the world, bringing about new technologies and significant changes in the economic and social structures of many countries. One of the key developments during this period was the mechanization of textile production.Prior to the Industrial Revolution, textile production was a labor-intensive process, with spinning and weaving done by hand. However, with the invention of the spinning jenny and the power loom, the production process became much more efficient and less time-consuming. This led to the establishment of textile factories and the mass production of cloth, which in turn fueled the growth of industrialization.The spinning jenny, invented by James Hargreaves in 1764, allowed a single worker to simultaneously spin multiple spools of thread. This greatly increased the productivity of the spinning process. Similarly, the power loom, invented by Edmund Cartwright in 1785, automated the process ofweaving, reducing the need for skilled labor and further increasing production capacity.The mechanization of textile production had profound effects on various aspects of society. Firstly, it significantly lowered the cost of textiles, making them more affordable and accessible to a larger population. This led to an increase in the standard of living for many people, as they were able to dress themselves, their families, and their homes with quality fabrics at a lower cost. Secondly, it created a demand for raw materials such as cotton, which in turn drove the expansion of colonial territories. Finally, it also resulted in the growth of urban areas, as textile factories were built in cities to take advantage of the power supply and transportation networks.Question 1: What was one of the key developments during the Industrial Revolution?Question 2: Who invented the spinning jenny?Question 3: How did the mechanization of textile production affect society?答案一：Question 1: The mechanization of textile production.Question 2: James Hargreaves.Question 3: It lowered the cost of textiles, increased the standard of living, stimulated the demand for raw materials, and contributed to urban growth.试题二：阅读下面的短文，选择正确的答案。
雅思(阅读)模拟试卷58(题后含答案及解析)
雅思（阅读）模拟试卷58(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Reading ModuleReading Module (60 minutes)Look at the information on the following page about the use of vehicles in the University grounds. In boxes 1 — 5 on your answer sheet writeTRUE if the statement is trueFALSE if the statement is falseNOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passageExample AnswerThe campus roads are not open to general members of the public. TRUE1．University employees do not need to pay for their parking permits.A．真B．假C．NOT GIVEN正确答案：B2．Parking in Halls of Residence is handled by the Wardens of the Halls.A．真B．假C．NOT GIVEN正确答案：A3．Having a University permit does not allow staff to park at Halls.A．真B．假C．NOT GIVEN正确答案：A4．Parking permits cost ￡20 a year.A．真B．假C．NOT GIVEN正确答案：C5．Students living in Hall do not need permission to park in Hall car parks.A．真B．假C．NOT GIVEN正确答案：BUSE OF UNIVERSITY GROUNDS BY VEHICULAR TRAFFICThe University grounds are private.The University authorities only allow authorised members of the University, visitors and drivers of vehicles servicing the University to enter the grounds.Members of staff who have paid the requisite fee and display the appropriate permit may bring a vehicle into the grounds. A University permit does not entitle them to park in Hall car parks however, unless authorised by the Warden of the Hall concerned.Students may not bring vehicles into the grounds during the working day unless they have been given special permission by the Security Officer and have paid for and are displaying an appropriate entry permit. Students living in Halls of Residence must obtain permission from the Warden to keep a motor vehicle at their residence.Students are reminded that if they park a motor vehicle on University premises without a valid permit, they will be fined ￡20.Questions 6-13Look at the patient information leaflet on the following page.Match each of the following sentences with TWO possible endings A - M from the box below.Write the appropriate letters A ~ M in boxes 6 - 13 on your answer sheet.Example AnswerBorodine tablets should not be given to... A and MQuestions 6 and 7Borodine tablets might be used to treat...6．正确答案：D7．正确答案：IYou must ask your doctor before taking Borodine tablets if you are already being treated for…8．正确答案：G9．正确答案：JYou do not need to consult your doctor immediately if Borodine tablets give you…10．正确答案：B11．正确答案：CYou must consult your doctor at once if you find Borodine tablets cause... Possible Endings(A)children under 12 years of age.(B)a headache.(C)an uncomfortable feeling in your stomach.(D)symptoms similar to a cold.(E)a change in your skin colour.(F)anything treated by a prescription medicine.(G)a kidney complaint. (H)a whitening of the eyes. (I)sore or broken skin. (J)a fungal infection.(K)a feeling of sadness.(L)shortness of breath.(M)a woman expecting a child. The name of your medicine is Borodino tablets.WHAT ARE Borodino TABLETS USED FOR?Borodino tablets are used to help relieve hay fever and conditions due to allergies, in particular skin reactions and a runny nose.It is not recommended that Borodino tablets are given to children under 12 years of age or pregnant or breastfeeding women.BEFORE YOU TAKE Borodino TABLETSIn some circumstances it is very important not to take Borodino tablets. If you ignore these instructions, this medicine could affect your heart rhythm.Are you taking oral medicines for fungal infections?Have you suffered a reaction to medicines containing Borodino before?Do you suffer from any liver, kidney or heart disease?If the answer to any of these questions is YES, do not take Borodino tablets before consulting your doctor.AFTER TAKING Borodino TABLETSBorodino tablets, like many other medicines, may cause side-effects in some people.If you faint, stop taking Borodino tablets and tell your doctor immediately.In addition Borodino tablets may cause problems with your vision, hair loss, depression or confusion, yellowing of your skin or your eyes.If you have these effects whilst taking Borodino tablets, tell your doctor immediately.Other side-effects are dizziness or headaches, and indigestion or stomachache. However, these effects are often mild and usually wear off after a few days’ treatment. If they last for more than a few days, tell your doctor.12．正确答案：E13．正确答案：KLook at the introduction to West Thames College on the following page and at the statements(Questions 14~20)below. In boxes 14 - 20 on your answer sheet writeTRUE if the statement is trueFALSE if the statement is falseNOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage14．Chiswick Polytechnic was closed at the same time West Thames College was opened.A．真B．假C．NOT GIVEN正确答案：C15．Most of the students at the college come from outside the local area.A．真B．假C．NOT GIVEN正确答案：A16．The college changed its name to West Thames College in 1993.A．真B．假C．NOT GIVEN正确答案：A17．There are currently 6000 students over the age of 19 attending the college.A．真B．假C．NOT GIVEN正确答案：B18．Students under the age of 16 cannot attend any of the courses offered by the college.A．真B．假C．NOT GIVEN正确答案：C19．The college offers a more mature environment in which to learn than a school.A．真B．假C．NOT GIVEN正确答案：A20．There are fewer subjects to study in the sixth form of a school than at the college.A．真B．假C．NOT GIVEN正确答案：AWEST THAMES COLLEGE BACKGROUND INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATESWest Thames College(initially known as Hounslow Borough College)came into existence in 1976 following the merger of Isleworth Polytechnic with part of Chiswick Polytechnic. Both parent colleges, in various guises, enjoyed a long tradition of service to the community dating back to the 1890s. The college is located at London Road, Isleworth, on a site occupied by the Victorian house of the Pears family, Spring Grove House. An earlier house of the same name on this site had been the home of Sir Joseph Banks, the botanist who named Botany Bay with Captain Cook in 1770. Later he founded Kew Gardens. Situated at the heart of West London, West Thames College is ideally placed to serve the training and education needs of local industry and local people. But its influence reaches much further than the immediate locality. Under its former name, Hounslow Borough College, it had already established a regional, national and international reputation for excellence. In fact, about eight percent of its students come from continental Europe and further afield, whilst a further 52 percent are from outside the immediate area. Since 1 April 1993, when it became independent of the local authority and adopted its new title, West Thames College has continued to build on that first class reputation. These days there is no such thing as a typical student. More than half of West Thames College’s 6000 students are over 19 years old. Some of these will be attending college part-time under their employers’training schemes. Others will want to learn new skills purely out of interest, or out of a desire to improve their promotion chances, or they may want a change in career. The college is also very popular with 16 - 18 year olds, who see it as a practical alternative to a further two years at school. They want to study in the more adult atmosphere the college provides. They can choose from a far wider range of subjects than it would be practical for a sixth form to offer. If they want to go straight into employment they can still study at college to gain qualifications relevant to the job, either on a day-release basis or through Network orthe Modern Apprenticeship Scheme.Questions 21 - 26Look at the West Thames College’s Services for Students on the following page. Each paragraph A ~ H describes a different service provided by the college.From the list below(i - Xi)choose the most suitable summaries for paragraphs A , C and E -H. Write the appropriate numbers(i - Xi)in boxes 21 - 26 on your answer sheet.NB There are more summaries than paragraphs, so you will not use them all.i A shop for the books and stationery needed to studyii Counselling and welfare willing to listen, offer advice or arrange a referraliii An Examinations Office arranging exams and issuing certificatesiV A Registrar’s Office handling all fee payments and related enquiriesV A Medical Service offering on-site assistance with health-related problemsVi A tutorial system for regular one-to-one guidance, support and feedbackVii Careers Advice helping students into employmentViii An Admissions Service providing assistance in choosing and applying for higher education coursesiX A Student Union representing students on college committeesX Clubs and societies for students’free-timeXi A Learning Support Service supporting students in studying, presenting information and handling numbers WEST THAMES COLLEGESERVICES FOR STUDENTSAAs a full-time student at West Thames College you will have your own Personal Mentor who will see you each week to guide you through your studies, and discuss any problems which may arise. We take a cooperative approach to the assessment of your work and encourage you to contribute to discussion. BThis service provides specialist assistance and courses for those who need help to improve their writing, oral and numeracy skills for the successful completion of their college course. Help with basic skills is also available. CThis service is available to anyone who is undecided as to which course to follow. It is very much a service for the individual, whatever your age, helping you to select the best option to suit your circumstances. The service includes educational advice, guidance and support, including a facility for accrediting your previous experience—the Accreditation of Prior Learning(APL). The Admissions Office is open Monday to Friday 9.00 am to 5.00 pm. All interviews are confidential and conducted in a relaxed and friendly atmosphere. Evening appointments are available on request. DThe College Bookshop stocks a wide range of books, covering aspects of all courses, together with a good selection of stationery. It also supplies stamps, phone cards, blank videos and computer disks. The shop is open at times specified in the Student Handbook in the mornings, afternoons and evenings.EWhen students are weary from study and want the chance to relax and enjoy themselves with friends, they can participate in a number of recreational activities. Depending on demand, we offer a range of sporting activities including football, badminton, basketball, table tennis, volleyball, weight training and aerobics. For the non-sporting students we offer a debating society, video club, hair and beauty sessions, as well as a range of creative activities. Suggestions for activities from students are always welcome. FThis confidential service is available if you have practical or personal difficulties during your course of study, whether of a financial or personal nature. Our Student Advisors can help you directly or put you in touch with someone else who can give you the help you need. GThe College Nurses are there for general medical advice and for treatment of illness or injury. All visits are confidential.First aid boxes and fully-trained First Aiders are also on hand at various locations around the college. HWest London employers have a permanent base in the centre of college, with access to a database of more than 24,000 jobs available locally and in Central London. They will also help you with job applications and interview techniques.West Thames College 199621．Paragraph A正确答案：Vi22．Paragraph C正确答案：Viii23．Paragraph E正确答案：X24．Paragraph F正确答案：ii25．Paragraph G正确答案：V26．Paragraph H正确答案：ViiSomeone once put forward an attractive though unlikely theory. Throughout the Earth’s annual revolution around the sun there is one point of space always hidden from our eyes. This point is the opposite part of the Earth’s orbit, which is always hidden by the sun. Could there be another planet there, essentially similar to our own, but always invisible? If a space probe today sent back evidence that such a world existed it would cause not much more sensation than Sir William Herschel’s discovery of a new planet, Uranus, in 1781. Herschel was an extraordinary man—no other astronomer has ever covered so vast a field of work—and his career deserves study. He was born in Hanover in Germany in 1738, left the German army in 1757, and arrived in England the same year with no money but quite exceptional music ability. He played the violin and oboe and at one time was organist in the Octagon Chapel in the city of Bath. Herschel’s was an active mind, and deep inside he was conscious that music was not his destiny; he therefore read widely in science and the arts, but notuntil 1772 did he come across a book on astronomy. He was then 34, middle-aged by the standards of the time, but without hesitation he embarked on his new career, financing it by his professional work as a musician. He spent years mastering the art of telescope construction, and even by present-day standards his instruments are comparable with the best. Serious observation began in 1774. He set himself the astonishing task of ‘ reviewing the heavens’, in other words, pointing his telescope to every accessible part of the sky and recording what he saw. The first review was made in 1775; the second, and most momentous, in 1780- 1781. It was during the latter part of this that he discovered Uranus. Afterwards, supported by the royal grant in recognition of his work, he was able to devote himself entirely to astronomy. His final achievements spread from the sun and moon to remote galaxies(of which he discovered hundreds), and papers flooded from his pen until his death in 1822. Among these there was one sent to the Royal Society in 1781, entitled An Account of a Comet. In his own words: On Tuesday the 13th of March, between ten and eleven in the evening , while I was examining the small stars in the neighbourhood of H Geminorum, I perceived one that appeared visibly larger than the rest; being struck with its uncommon magnitude, I compared it to H Geminorum and the small star in the quartile between Auriga and Gemini, and finding it to be much larger than either of them, suspected it to be a comet. Herschel’s care was the hallmark of a great observer; he was not prepared to jump to any conclusions. Also, to be fair, the discovery of a new planet was the last thought in anybody’s mind. But further observation by other astronomers besides Herschel revealed two curious facts. For a comet, it showed a remarkably sharp disc; furthermore, it was moving so slowly that it was thought to be a great distance from the sun, and comets are only normally visible in the immediate vicinity of the sun. As its orbit came to be worked out the truth dawned that it was a new planet far beyond Saturn’s realm, and that the ‘reviewer of the heavens’had stumbled across an unprecedented prize. Herschel wanted to call it georgium sidus(Star of George)in honour of his royal patron King George III of Great Britain. The planet was later for a time called Herschel in honour of its discoverer. The name Uranus, which was first proposed by the German astronomer Johann Elert Bode, was in use by the late 19th century. Uranus is a giant in construction, but not so much in size; its diameter compares unfavourably with that of J upiter and Saturn, though on the terrestrial scale it is still colossal. Uranus’ atmosphere consists largely of hydrogen and helium, with a trace of methane. Through a telescope the planet appears as a small bluish-green disc with a faint green periphery. In 1977, while recording the occulta-tion1 of a star behind the planet, the American astronomer James L. Elliot discovered the presence of five rings encircling the equator of Uranus. Four more rings were discovered in January 1986 during the exploratory flight of V oyager 22. In addition to its rings, Uranus has 15 satellites(‘moons’), the last 10 discovered by V oyager 2 on the same flight; all revolve about its equator and move with the planet in an east-west direction. The two largest moons, Titania and Oberon, were discovered by Herschel in 1787. The next two, Umbriel and Ariel, were found in 1851 by the British astronomer William Lassell. Miranda, thought before 1986 to be the innermost moon, was discovered in 1948 bythe American astronomer Gerard Peter Kuiper.Glossary:1occultation in astronomy, when one object passes in front of another and hides the second from view, especially, for example, when the moon comes between an observer and a star or planet2V oyager 2 an unmanned spacecraft sent on a voyage past Saturn, Uranus and Jupiter in 1986, during which it sent back information about these planets to scientists on earthQuestions 27-31Complete the table below.Write a date for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 27 - 31 on your answer sheet.27．正确答案：177228．正确答案：178129．正确答案：178730．正确答案：197731．正确答案：1986Do the following statements reflect the claims of the writer of the Reading Passage?In boxes 32 - 36 on your answer sheet writeYES if the statement reflects the claims of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about thisExample AnswerHerschel was multi-talented. YES32．It is improbable that there is a planet hidden behind the sun.A．YESB．NOC．NOT GIVEN正确答案：A33．Herschel knew immediately that he had found a new planet.A．YESB．NOC．NOT GIVEN正确答案：B34．Herschel collaborated with other astronomers of his time.A．YESB．NOC．NOT GIVEN正确答案：C35．Herschel’s newly-discovered object was considered to be too far from the sun to be a comet.A．YESB．NOC．NOT GIVEN正确答案：A36．Herschel’s discovery was the most important find of the last three hundred years.A．YESB．NOC．NOT GIVEN正确答案：CComplete each of the following statements(Questions 37-40)with a name from the Reading passage. Write your answers in boxes 37 - 40 on your answer sheet.The suggested names of the new planet started with【R37】______, then【R38】______, before finally settling on Uranus.The first five rings around Uranus were discovered by【R39】______From 1948 until 1986, the moon【R40】______was believed to be the moon closestto the surface of Uranus.37．【R37】正确答案：georgium sidus38．【R38】正确答案：Herschel39．【R39】正确答案：James L. Elliot 40．【R40】正确答案：Miranda。
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1 ACADEMIC READING 60 minutes READING PASSAGE 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below. Striking Back at Lightning With Lasers
Seldom is the weather more dramatic than when thunderstorms strike. Their electrical fury inflicts death or serious injury on around 500 people each year in the United States alone. As the clouds roll in, a leisurely round of golf can become a terrifying dice with death - out in the open, a lone golfer may be a lightning bolt's most inviting target. And there is damage to property too. Lightning damage costs American power companies more than $100 million a year.
But researchers in the United States and Japan are planning to hit back. Already in laboratory trials they have tested strategies for neutralising the power of thunderstorms, and this winter they will brave real storms, equipped with an armoury of lasers that they will be pointing towards the heavens to discharge thunderclouds before lightning can strike.
The idea of forcing storm clouds to discharge their lightning on command is not new. In the early 1960s, researchers tried firing rockets trailing wires into thunderclouds to set up an easy discharge path for the huge electric charges that these clouds generate. The technique survives to this day at a test site in Florida run by the University of Florida, with support from the Electrical Power Research Institute (EPRI), based in California. EPRI, which is funded by power companies, is looking at ways to protect the United States' power grid from lightning strikes. 'We can cause the lightning to strike where we want it to using rockets,' says Ralph Bernstein, manager of lightning projects at EPR!. The rocket site is providing precise measurements of lightning voltages and allowing engineers to check how electrical equipment bears up.
Bad behaviour But while rockets are fine for research, they cannot provide the protection from lightning strikes that everyone is looking for. The rockets cost around $1,200 each, can only be fired at a limited frequency and their failure rate is about 40 per cent. And even when they do trigger lightning, things still do not always go according to plan. 'Lightning is not perfectly well behaved,' says Bernstein. 'Occasionally, it will take a branch and go someplace it wasn't supposed to go.' And anyway, who would want to fire streams of rockets in a populated area? 'What goes up must come down,' points out Jean-Claude Diels of the University of New Mexico. Diels is leading a project, which is backed by EPRI, to try to use lasers to discharge lightning safely and safety is a basic requirement since no one wants to put themselves or their expensive equipment at risk. With around $500,000 invested so far, a promising system is just emerging from the laboratory.
The idea began some 20 years ago, when high-powered lasers were revealing. their ability to extract electrons out of atoms and create ions. If a laser could generate a line of ionization in the air all the way up to a storm cloud, this conducting path could be used to guide lightning to Earth, before the electric field becomes strong enough to break down the air in an uncontrollable surge. To stop the laser itself being struck, it would not be pointed straight at the clouds. Instead it would be directed at a mirror, and from 2
there into the sky. The mirror would be protected by placing lightning conductors close by. Ideally, the cloud-zapper (gun) would be cheap enough to be installed around all key power installations, and portable enough to be taken to international sporting events to beam up at brewing storm clouds.
A stumbling block However, there is still a big stumbling block. The laser is no nifty portable: it's a monster that takes up a whole room. Diels is trying to cut down the size and says that a laser around the size of a small table is in the offing. He plans to test this more manageable system on live thunderclouds next summer.
Bernstein says that Diels's system is attracting lots of interest from the power companies. But they have not yet come up with the $5 million that EPRI says will be needed to develop a commercial system, by making the lasers yet smaller and cheaper. 'I cannot say I have money yet, but I'm working on it,' says Bernstein. He reckons that the forthcoming field tests will be the turning point - and he's hoping for good news. Bernstein predicts 'an avalanche of interest and support' if all goes well. He expects to see cloud-zappers eventually costing $50,000 to $100,000 each.