2005年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及参考答案
2005年考研英语试题及答案
2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1 (10 points)The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought tobe insensitive smellers compared with animals, 大1家 this is largelybecause, 大2家animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are 大3家 to perceiving those smells which float through the air, 大4家the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, 大5家, we are extremely sensitive to smells, 大6家 we do not generally realize it.Our noses are capable of 大7家 human smells even when these are 大8家to far below one part in one million.Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, 大9家 others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 大10家 smell receptors in the nose. These receptors arethe cells which sense smells and send 大11家 to the brain. However,it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell 大12家can suddenly become sensitive to it when 大13家 to it often enough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it 大14家 to keep all smell receptors working all the time butcan 大15家 new receptors if necessary. This may 大16家explain why weare not usually sensitive to our own smells—we simply do not need to be. We are not 大17 of the usual smell of our own house, but we家大18家 new smells when we visit someone else's. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 大19家 for unfamiliar and emergency signals 大20家 the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger offire.1. [A] although[B] as[C] but[D] while2. [A] above[B] unlike[C] excluding[D] besides3. [A] limited[B] committed[C] dedicated[D] confined4. [A] catching[B] ignoring[C] missing[D] tracking5. [A] anyway[B] though[C] instead[D] therefore6. [A] even if[B] if only[C] only if[D] as if[A] distinguishing7.[B] discovering[C] determining[D] detecting8. [A] diluted[B] dissolved[C] dispersed[D] diffused9. [A] when[B] since[C] for[D] whereas10. [A] unusual[B] particular[C] unique[D] typical11. [A] signs[B] stimuli[C] messages[D] impulses12. [A] at first[B] at all[C] at large[D] at times13. [A] subjected[B] left[C] drawn[D] exposed14. [A] ineffective[B] incompetent[C] inefficient[D] insufficient15. [A] introduce[B] summon[C] trigger[D] create16. [A] still[B] also[C] otherwise[D] nevertheless17. [A] sure[B] sick[C] aware[D] tired18. [A] tolerate[B] repel[C] neglect[D] notice19. [A] available[B] reliable[C] identifiable[D] suitable20. [A] similar to[B] such as[C] along with[D] aside fromSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (40 points)Text 1Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanishif you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human,” with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well. published inThe researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan's and Dr. de Waal's study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused toaccept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.21. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by________.[A] posing a contrast[B] justifying an assumption[C] making a comparison[D] explaining a phenomenon22. The statement “it is all too monkey” (Last line, Paragraph l) implies that ________.[A] monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals[B] resenting unfairness is also monkeys' nature[C] monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other[D] no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions23. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are ________.[A] more inclined to weigh what they get[B] attentive to researchers' instructions[C] nice in both appearance and temperament[D] more generous than their male companions24. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys ________.[A] prefer grapes to cucumbers[B] can be taught to exchange things[C] will not be co-operative if feeling cheated[D] are unhappy when separated from others25. What can we infer from the last paragraph?[A] Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.[B] Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.[C] Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.[D] Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.Text 2Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves. afterwave one in scientists as today, parallels upsetting are There another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the NationalAcademy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel's report: “Science never has all the answers. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the futureconsequences of present actions.”Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it's OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it's obvious that a majority of the president's advisers still don't take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research -- a classic case of “paralysis by analysis.”To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won't take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures. A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.26. An argument made by supporters of smoking was that ________.[A] there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death[B] the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant[C] people had the freedom to choose their own way of life[D] antismoking people were usually talking nonsense27. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as ________.[A] a protector[B] a judge[C] a critic[D] a guide28. What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis” (Last line, Paragraph 4)?[A] Endless studies kill action.[B] Careful investigation reveals truth.[C] Prudent planning hinders progress.[D] Extensive research helps decision-making.29. According to the author, what should the Administration do about global warming?[A] Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.[B] Raise public awareness of conservation.[C] Press for further scientific research.[D] Take some legislative measures.30. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because ________.[A] they both suffered from the government's negligence[B] a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former[C] the outcome of the latter aggravates the former[D] both of them have turned from bad to worseText 3Of all the components of a good night's sleep, dreams seem to beleast within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; bythe late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise” -- the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line.” And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better, “It's your dream,” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago's MedicalCenter. “If you don't like it, change it.”Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is asactive during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep -- when most vivid dreams occur -- as it is when fully awake, says Dr, Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the “emotional brain”) is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. “We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day.” says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright's clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don't always think about the emotional significance of the day's events -- until, it appears, we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, there's probably little reason to payattention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or “we wake up in a panic,” Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people's anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep -- or rather dream -- on it and you'll feel better in the morning.31. Researchers have come to believe that dreams ________.[A] can be modified in their courses[B] are susceptible to emotional changes[C] reflect our innermost desires and fears[D] are a random outcome of neural repairs32. By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show________.[A] its function in our dreams[B] the mechanism of REM sleep[C] the relation of dreams to emotions[D] its difference from the prefrontal cortex33. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to ________.[A] aggravate in our unconscious mind[B] develop into happy dreams[C] persist till the time we fall asleep[D] show up in dreams early at night34. Cartwright seems to suggest that ________.[A] waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams[B] visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control[C] dreams should be left to their natural progression[D] dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious35. What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?[A] Lead your life as usual.[B] Seek professional help.[C] Exercise conscious control.[D] Avoid anxiety in the daytime.Text 4Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they Doing Our Own aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Thing:The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should, Like, Care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education. Mr. McWhorter'sacademic speciality is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom,” for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.But the cult of the authentic and the personal, “doing our own thing,” has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most wellregarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, claimcould that form only the is genre performative personal, highly the real liveliness. In both oral and written English, talking is triumphingover speaking, spontaneity over craft.Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both highand low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we should, like, care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive -- there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper. Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to mostEnglish-speakers. Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms -- he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English “on paper plates instead of china.” A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.36. According to McWhorter, the decline of formal English ________.[A] is inevitable in radical education reforms[B] is but all too natural in language development[C] has caused the controversy over the counter-culture[D] brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s37. The word “talking” (Line 6, Paragraph 3) denotes ________.[A] modesty[B] personality[C] liveliness[D] informality38. To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?[A] Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.[B] Black English can be more expressive than standard English.[C] Non-standard varieties of human language are just asentertaining.[D] Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas.love of memorizing poetry shows the'39. The description of Russiansauthor's ________.[A] interest in their language[B] appreciation of their efforts[C] admiration for their memory[D] contempt for their old-fashionedness40. According to the last paragraph, “paper plates” is to “china”as ________.[A] “temporary” is to “permanent”[B] “radical” is to “conservative”[C] “functional” is to “artistic”[D] “humble” is to “noble”Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. Thereare two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points) Canada's premiers (the leaders of provincial governments), if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting, might spare a moment to do something, together, to reduce health-care costs.They're all groaning about soaring health budgets, thefastest-growing component of which are pharmaceutical costs.41.________What to do? Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care -- to say nothing of reports from other experts -- recommended the creation of a national drug agency. Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs, bureaucracy, procedures and limited bargaining power, all would pool resources, work with Ottawa, and createa national institution.42.________But “national” doesn't have to mean that. “National” could mean interprovincial -- provinces combining efforts to create one body. Either way, one benefit of a “national” organization would be to negotiate better prices, if possible, with drug manufacturers. Instead of having one province -- or a series of hospitals within a province -- nationalprovincial list, the negotiate a price for a given drug on the agency would negotiate on behalf of all provinces.Rather than, say, Quebec, negotiating on behalf of seven million people, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of 31 million people. Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers, the higher the likelihood of a better price.43.________A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agencywith the creation of the Canadian Co-ordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment, funded by Ottawa and the provinces. Under it, a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial lists which new drugs should be included. Predictably, and regrettably,Quebec refused to join.A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making. They (particularly Quebec and Alberta) just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few, if any, strings attached. That's one reason why the idea of a national list hasn't gone anywhere, while drug costs keep rising fast.44.________Premiers love to quote Mr. Romanow's report selectively, especially the parts about more federal money. Perhaps they should read what he had to say about drugs: “A national drug agency would provide governments more influence on pharmaceutical companies in order to constrain the ever-increasing cost of drugs.”45.________So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint list, they should also get cracking about something in their jurisdiction that would help their budgets and patients.[A] Quebec's resistance to a national agency is provincialist ideology. One of the first advocates for a national list was a researcher at LavalUniversity. Quebec's Drug Insurance Fundhas seen its costs skyrocket with annual increases from 14.3 percent to 26.8 per cent![B] Or they could read Mr. Kirby's report: “the substantial buying power of such an agency would strengthen the publicprescription-drug insurance plans to negotiate the lowestpossible purchase prices from drug companies.”[C] What does “national” mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby recommended a federal-provincial body much like therecently created National Health Council.[D] The problem is simple and stark: health-care costs have been, are, and will continue to increase faster than governmentrevenues.[E] According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information, prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rateof overall health-care spending. Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments. Part ofit arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds. Part ofit is higher prices.[F] So, if the provinces want to run the health-care show, they should prove they can run it, starting with an interprovincial healthlist that would end duplication, save administrative costs,prevent one province from being played off against another, and bargain for better drug prices.[G] Of course, the pharmaceutical companies will scream. They like divided buyers; they can lobby better that way. They can use the threat of removing jobs from one province to another. They canhope that, if one province includes a drug on its list, thepressure will cause others to include it on theirs. Theywouldn't like a national agency, but self-interest would leadthem to deal with it.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one's impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. 46) Television is one of the means by which thesefeelings are created and conveyed -- and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recentevents in Europe. The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything otherthan its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene. 47) In Europe,as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines andpublishing houses that work in relation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group, while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind.Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies aregoing to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market.48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easyworld to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in1989.Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.49) Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of theOld Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice -- that ofproducing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own. In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more onco-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank for Television Production which, on the model of the European Investments Bank, will handle the finances necessary for production costs. 50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, itis no exaggeration to say “United we stand, divided we fall” -- andif I had to choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our diversity.” A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Designs Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine& Fashions. But now you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason (s), and making an apology.Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming”instead.You do not need to write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your meaning,its interpret then drawing, the describe first should you essay,and give your comment on it.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2005年考研英语真题答案Section I: Use of English(10 points) 1.[C]2.[B]3.[A]4.[C]5.[B]10. 6. [A] [B] [D] 7. 9. [D] 8. [A]15. 11. [C] [C] [D] 13. 12. [A] [D] 14.20. 16. [B]19. [A]18. [D][C]17. [B]Section II: Reading Comprehension(60 points)Part A (40 points)21. [C]22. [B]23. [A]24. [C]25. [B]30. 28. [A] [D] 26. [C] [B] 27. [D] 29.35. 34. 33. [D] 32. [C] [D] 31. [A] [A]40. [B]38. 37. 36. [B][D][A][C]39.Part B (10 points)41. [E]42. [C]43. [G]44. [F]45. [B]Part C (10 points)46. 电视是创造和传递感情的手段之一。
全国硕士学位研究生入学统一考试英语试题1-4答案
medals would be a pie in the sky. What’s more, the
international exchanges has brought about the growth of
Li Ming
(126 words)
52. 参考范文
As is vividly betrayed in the chart above, the number of gold
medals which are snatched by P.R. China has been climbing and
growth of Chinese sports. The Opening-up and Reform since 1978
has improved the development of economy in China, which has
laid a solid foundation for the development of sports in
university to make contribution to the development of my
hometown, which is still one of the ten counties in poverty.
Best wishes to you!
Sincerely Yours
Section Ⅰ Use of English
1. B
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. C
2001年全国硕士研究生考试英语真题及答案
2001年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I: Structure and V ocabularyPart ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points)Example:I have been to the Great Wall three times ________ 1979.[A] from[B] after[C] for[D] sinceThe sentence should read, “I have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979.” Therefore, you should choose [D].Sample Answer[A] [B] [C] [■]1. If I were in movie, then it would be about time that I ________ my head in my hands for a cry.[A] bury[B] am burying[C] buried[D] would bury2. Good news was sometimes released prematurely, with the British recapture of the port ________ half a day before the defenders actually surrendered.[A] to announce[B] announced[C] announcing[D] was announced3. According to one belief, if truth is to be known it will make itself apparent, so one ________ wait instead of searching for it.[A] would rather[B] had to[C] cannot but[D] had best4. She felt suitably humble just as she ________ when he had first taken a good look at her city self, hair waved and golden, nails red and pointed.[A] had[B] had had[C] would have and[D] has had5. There was no sign that Mr. Jospin, who keeps a firm control on the party despite ________ from leadership of it, would intervene personally.[A] being resigned[B] having resigned[C] going to resign[D] resign6. So involved with their computers ________ that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.[A] became the children[B] become the children[C] had the children become[D] do the children become7. The individual TV viewer invariably senses that he or she is ________ an anonymous, statistically insignificant part of a huge and diverse audience.[A] everything except[B] anything but[C] no less than[D] nothing more than8. One difficulty in translation lies in obtaining a concept match. ________ this is meant that a concept in one language is lost or changed in meaning in translation.[A] By[B] In[C] For[D] With9. Conversation becomes weaker in a society that spends so much time listening and being talked to ________ it has all but lost the will and the skill to speak for itself.[A] as[B] which[C] that[D] what10. Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, ________ they Christian, Islamic, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on.[A] be[B] being[C] were[D] arePart BDirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the rackets with a pencil. (10 points)Example:The lost car of the Lees was found ________ in the woods off the highway.[A] vanished[B] scattered[C] abandoned[D] rejectedThe sentence should read. “The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in the woods off the highway.” There fore, you should choose [C].Sample Answer[A] [B] [■][D]11. He is too young to be able to ________ between right and wrong.[A] discard[B] discern[C] disperse[D] disregard12. It was no ________ that his car was seen near the bank at the time of the robbery.[A] coincidence[B] convention[C] certainty[D] complication13. One of the responsibilities of the Coast Guard is to make sure that all ships ________ follow traffic rules in busy harbors.[A] cautiously[B] dutifully[C] faithfully[D] skillfully14. The Eskimo is perhaps one of the most trusting and considerate of all Indians but seems to be ________ the welfare of his animals.[A] critical about[B] indignant at[C] indifferent to[D] subject to15. The chairman of the board ________ on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ.[A] compelled[B] posed[C] pressed[D] tempted16. It is naive to expect that any society can resolve all the social problems it is faced with ________.[A] for long[B] in and out[C] once for all[D] by nature17. Using extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms may result in ________ and lack of unity in style.[A] conflict[B] confrontation[C] disturbance[D] disharmony18. The Timber rattlesnake is now on the endangered species list, and is extinct in two eastern states in which it once ________.[A] thrived[B] swelled[C] prospered[D] flourished19. However, growth in the fabricated metals industry was able to ________ some of the decline in the iron and steel industry.[A] overturn[B] overtake[C] offset[D] oppress20. Because of its intimacy, radio is usually more than just a medium; it is ________.[A] firm[B] company[C] corporation[D] enterprise21. When any non-human organ is transplanted into a person, the body immediately recognizes it as ________.[A] novel[B] remote[C] distant[D] foreign22. My favorite radio song is the one I first heard on a thick 1923 Edison disc I ________ at a garage sale.[A] trifled with[B] scraped through[C] stumbled upon[D] thirsted for23. Some day software will translate both written and spoken language so well that the need for any common second language could ________.[A] descend[B] decline[C] deteriorate[D] depress24. Equipment not ________ official safety standards has all been removed from the workshop.[A] conforming to[B] consistent with[C] predominant over[D] providing for25. As an industry, biotechnology stands to ________ electronics in dollar volume and perhaps surpass it in social impact by 2020.[A] contend[B] contest[C] rival[D] strive26. The authors of the United States Constitution attempted to establish an effective national government while preserving ________ for the states and liberty for individuals.[A] autonomy[B] dignity[C] monopoly[D] stability27. For three quarters of its span on Earth, life evolved almost ________ as microorganisms.[A] precisely[B] instantly[C] initially[D] exclusively28. The introduction of gunpowder gradually made the bow and arrow ________, particularly in Western Europe.[A] obscure[B] obsolete[C] optional[D] overlapping29. Whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe, it is just ________ and needs proving.[A] spontaneous[B] hypothetical[C] intuitive[D] empirical30. The future of this company is ________: many of its talented employees are flowing into more profitable net-based businesses.[A] at odds[B] in trouble[C] in vain[D] at stakeSection II: Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases __31__ the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant __32__ of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a __33__ bill that will propose making payments to witnesses __34__ and will strictly control the amount of __35__ that can be given to a case __36__ a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons Media Select Committee, Lord Irvine said he __37__ with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not __38__ sufficient control.__39__ of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a __40__ of media protest when he said the __41__ of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges __42__ to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which __43__ the European Convention on Human Rights legally __44__ in Britain, laid down that everybody was __45__ to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families. “Press free doms will be in safe hands __46__ our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an __47__ after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were __48__ to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised __49__ witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to __50__ guilty verdicts.31. [A] as to[B] for instance[C] in particular[D] such as32. [A] tightening[B] intensifying[C] focusing[D] fastening33. [A] sketch[B] rough[C] preliminary[D] draft34. [A] illogical[B] illegal[C] improbable[D] improper35. [A] publicity[B] penalty[C] popularity[D] peculiarity36. [A] since[B] if[C] before[D] as37. [A] sided[B] shared[C] complied[D] agreed38. [A] present[B] offer[C] manifest[D] indicate39. [A] Release[B] Publication[C] Printing[D] Exposure40. [A] storm[B] rage[C] flare[D] flash41. [A] translation[B] interpretation[C] exhibition[D] demonstration42. [A] better than[B] other than[C] rather than[D] sooner than43. [A] changes[B] makes[C] sets[D] turns44. [A] binding[B] convincing[C] restraining[D] sustaining45. [A] authorized[B] credited[C] entitled[D] qualified46. [A] with[B] to[C] from[D] by47. [A] impact[B] incident[C] inference[D] issue48. [A] stated[B] remarked[C] said[D] told49. [A] what[B] when[C] which[D] that50. [A] assure[B] confide[C] ensure[D] guaranteeSection III: Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)Text 1Specialization can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialization was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word “amateur” does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialization in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.Although the process of professionalisation and specializat ion was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.51. The growth of specialization in the 19th century might be more clearly seen in sciences such as ________.[A] sociology and chemistry[B] physics and psychology[C] sociology and psychology[D] physics and chemistry52. We can infer from the passage that ________.[A] there is little distinction between specialization and professionalisation[B] amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science[C] professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community[D] amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones53. The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate ________.[A] the process of specialization and professionalisation[B] the hardship of amateurs in scientific study[C] the change of policies in scientific publications[D] the discrimination of professionals against amateurs54. The direct reason for specialization is ________.[A] the development in communication[B] the growth of professionalisation[C] the expansion of scientific knowledge[D] the splitting up of academic societiesText 2A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide -- the division of the world into the info (information) rich and the info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access -- after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we’ve ever had.Of course, the use of the Internet isn’t the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential.To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure (the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn’t have the capital to do so. And that is why America’s Second Wave infrastructure -- including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on -- were built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain’s former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Ameri cans built them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans. I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your ThirdWave infrastructure, which today is an el ectronic infrastructure, the better off you’re going to be. That doesn’t mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet.55. Digital divide is something ________.[A] getting worse because of the Internet[B] the rich countries are responsible for[C] the world must guard against[D] considered positive today56. Governments attach importance to the Internet because it ________.[A] offers economic potentials[B] can bring foreign funds[C] can soon wipe out world poverty[D] connects people all over the world57. The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of ________.[A] providing financial support overseas[B] preventing foreign capital’s control[C] building industrial infrastructure[D] accepting foreign investment58. It seems that now a country’s economy depends much on ________.[A] how well developed it is electronically[B] whether it is prejudiced against immigrants[C] whether it adopts America’s industrial pattern[D] how much control it has over foreign corporationsText 3Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day’s events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the “standard templates” of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they’re less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community.Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends toreflect the conventiona l values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn’t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.59. What is the passage mainly about?[A] needs of the readers all over the world[B] causes of the public disappointment about newspapers[C] origins of the declining newspaper industry[D] aims of a journalism credibility project60. The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be ________.[A] quite trustworthy[B] somewhat contradictory[C] very illuminating[D] rather superficial61. The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their ________.[A] working attitude[B] conventional lifestyle[C] world outlook[D] educational background62. Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owing to its ________.[A] failure to realize its real problem[B] tendency to hire annoying reporters[C] likeliness to do inaccurate reporting[D] prejudice in matters of race and genderText 4The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying: “Won’t the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?”Th ere’s no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful. Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s, multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largest firms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customer’s demands. All these are beneficial, not detrimental, to consume rs. As productivity grows, the world’s wealth increases.Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty. Y et it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could recreate the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil trust was broken up. The mergers of telecom companies, such as WorldCom, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress. On the contrary, the price of communications is coming down fast. In cars, too, concentration is increasing -- witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan -- but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt.Y et the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched. A few weeks ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry. Who is going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks that are being created? Won’t multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair competition? And should one country take upon itself the role of “defending competition” on issues that affect many other nations, as in the U.S. vs. Microsoft case?63. What is the typical trend of businesses today?[A] to take in more foreign funds[B] to invest more abroad[C] to combine and become bigger[D] to trade with more countries64. According to the author, one of the driving forces behind M&A wave is ________.[A] the greater customer demands[B] a surplus supply for the market[C] a growing productivity[D] the increase of the world’s wealth65. From paragraph 4 we can infer that ________.[A] the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers[B] WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs[C] the costs of the globalization process are enormous[D] the Standard Oil trust might have threatened competition66. Toward the new business wave, the writer’s attitude can be said to be ________.[A] optimistic[B] objective[C] pessimistic[D] biasedText 5When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend more time with my family”.Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting” has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all,” preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the page of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life,” and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed: 12-hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on “quality time”.In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle is a well-established trend. Downshifting -- also k nown in America as “voluntary simplicity” -- has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anti-consumerism. There are a number of best-selling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their lives; there are newsletters, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap; there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid-’90s equivalent of dropping ou t.While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline -- after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late ’80s -- and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the ’80s, downshifting in the mid-’90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life -- growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one -- as a personal recognition of your limitations.67. Which of the following is true according to paragraph 1?[A] Full-time employment is a new international trend.[B] The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.[C] “A lateral move” means stepping out of full-time employment.[D] The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family.68. The writer’s experiment shows that downshifting ________.[A] enables her to realize her dream[B] helps her mold a new philosophy of life[C] prompts her to abandon her high social status[D] leads her to accept the doctrine of She magazine69. “Juggling one’s life” probably means living a life characterized by ________.[A] non-materialistic lifestyle[B] a bit of everything[C] extreme stress[D] anti-consumerism70. According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the U.S. as a result of ________.[A] the quick pace of modern life[B] man’s adventurous spirit。
2005年全国硕士研究生考试英语真题及答案3
2005年全国硕士研究生考试英语真题及答案3Text 3Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise” -- the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line.” And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better, “It’s your dream,” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center. “If you don’t like it, change i t.”Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep -- when most vivid dreams occur -- as it is when fully awake, says Dr, EricNofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the “emotional brain”) is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. “We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay wi th us all day.” says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.The link between dreams and emotions show up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events -- until, it appears, we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time is occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or “we waken up in a panic,” Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep -- or rather dream -- on it and you’ll feel better in the morning.31. Researchers have come to believe that dreams ________.[A] can be modified in their courses[B] are susceptible to emotional changes[C] reflect our innermost desires and fears[D] are a random outcome of neural repairs32. By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show ________.[A] its function in our dreams[B] the mechanism of REM sleep[C] the relation of dreams to emotions[D] its difference from the prefrontal cortex33. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to ________.[A] aggravate in our unconscious mind[B] develop into happy dreams[C] persist till the time we fall asleep[D] show up in dreams early at night34. Cartwright seems to suggest that ________.[A] waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams[B] visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control[C] dreams should be left to their natural progression[D] dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious35. What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have had dreams?[A] Lead your life as usual.[B] Seek professional help.[C] Exercise conscious control.[D] Avoid anxiety in the daytime.Text 4American no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should, Like, Care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, seesthe triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education. Mr. McWhorter’s academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom,” for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.But the cult of the authentic and the personal, “doing our own thing,” has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we should, like, care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, includingnon-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive -- there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper.Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers. Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms -- he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English “on paper plates instead of china.”A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.36. According to McWhorter, the decline of formal English ________.[A] is inevitable in radical education reforms[B] is but all too natural in language development[C] has caused the controversy over the counter-culture[D] brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s37. The word “talking” (Line 6, paragraph 3) denotes ________.[A] modesty[B] personality[C] liveliness[D] informality38. To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?[A] Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.[B] Black English can be more expressive than standard English.[C] Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining.[D] Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas.39. The description of Russians’ love of memorizing poetry shows the author’s ________.[A] interest in their language[B] appreciation of their efforts[C] admiration for their memory[D] contempt for their old-fashionedness40. According to the last paragraph, “paper plates” is to “china” as ________.[A] “temporary” is to “permanent”[B] “radical” is to “conservative”[C] “functional” is to “artistic”[D] “humble” is to “noble”。
1996 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及参考答案
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2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案
2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I: Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1 (10 points)The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, __1__ this is largely because, __2__ animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are __3__ to perceiving those smells which float through the air, __4__ the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, __5__, we are extremely sensitive to smells, __6__ we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of __7__ human smells even when these are __8__ to far below one part in one million.Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, __9__ others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate __10__ smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send __11__ to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell __12__ can suddenly become sensitive to it when __13__ to it often enough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it __14__ to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can __15__ new receptors if necessary. This may __16__ explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells we simply do not need to be. We are not __17__ of the usual smell of our own house but we __18__ new smells when we visit someone else’s. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors __19__ for unfamiliar and emergency signals __20__ the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.1. [A] although[B] as[C] but[D] while2. [A] above[B] unlike[C] excluding[D] besides3. [A] limited[B] committed[C] dedicated[D] confined4. [A] catching[B] ignoring[C] missing[D] tracking5. [A] anyway[B] though[C] instead[D] therefore6. [A] even if[B] if only[C] only if[D] as if7. [A] distinguishing[B] discovering[C] determining[D] detecting8. [A] diluted[B] dissolved[C] determining[D] diffused9. [A] when[B] since[C] for[D] whereas10. [A] unusual[B] particular[C] unique[D] typical11. [A] signs[B] stimuli[C] messages[D] impulses12. [A] at first[B] at all[C] at large[D] at times13. [A] subjected[B] left[C] drawn[D] exposed14. [A] ineffective[B] incompetent[C] inefficient[D] insufficient15. [A] introduce[B] summon[C] trigger[D] create16. [A] still[B] also[C] otherwise[D] nevertheless17. [A] sure[B] sick[C] aware[D] tired18. [A] tolerate[B] repel[C] neglect[D] notice19. [A] available[B] reliable[C] identifiable[D] suitable20. [A] similar to[B] such as[C] along with[D] aside fromSection II: Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (40 points)Text 1Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human,” with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it all too monkey, as well.The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, cooperative creatures, and they share their food tardily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males. Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan’s and Dr. de waal’s study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the otherchamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to reduce resentment in a female capuchin.The researches suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a cooperative, group living species. Such cooperation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.21. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by ________.[A] posing a contrast[B] justifying an assumption[C] making a comparison[D] explaining a phenomenon22. The statement “it is all too monkey” (Last line, paragraph l) implies that________.[A] monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals[B] resenting unfairness is also monkeys’ nature[C] monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other[D] no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions23. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably becausethey are ________.[A] more inclined to weigh what they get[B] attentive to researchers’ instructions[C] nice in both appearance and temperament[D] more generous than their male companions24. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that themonkeys ________.[A] prefer grapes to cucumbers[B] can be taught to exchange things[C] will not be cooperative if feeling cheated[D] are unhappy when separated from others25. What can we infer from the last paragraph?[A] Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.[B] Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.[C] Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.[D] Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.Text 2Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel’s report: “Science never has all the answers. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that out nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it’s Ok to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’t take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research -- a classic case of “paralysis by analysis”.To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won’t take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures. A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.26. An argument made by supporters of smoking was that ________.[A] there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking anddeath[B] the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant[C] people had the freedom to choose their own way of life[D] antismoking people were usually talking nonsense27. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as ________.[A] a protector[B] a judge[C] a critic[D] a guide28. What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis” (Last line, paragraph 4)?[A] Endless studies kill action.[B] Careful investigation reveals truth.[C] Prudent planning hinders progress.[D] Extensive research helps decision-making.29. According to the author, what should the Administration do about globalwarming?[A] Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.[B] Raise public awareness of conservation.[C] Press for further scientific research.[D] Take some legislative measures.30. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because________.[A] they both suffered from the government’s negligence[B] a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former[C] the outcome of the latter aggravates the former[D] both of them have turned from bad to worseText 3Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise” -- the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat,regulating moods while the brain is “off-line.” And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better, “It’s your dream,” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center. “If you don’t like it, change it.”Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep -- when most vivid dreams occur -- as it is when fully awake, says Dr, Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the “emotional brain”) is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. “We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day.” says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.The link between dreams and emotions show up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events -- until, it appears, we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time is occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or “we waken up in a panic,” Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep -- or rather dream -- on it and you’ll feel better in the morning.31. Researchers have come to believe that dreams ________.[A] can be modified in their courses[B] are susceptible to emotional changes[C] reflect our innermost desires and fears[D] are a random outcome of neural repairs32. By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show ________.[A] its function in our dreams[B] the mechanism of REM sleep[C] the relation of dreams to emotions[D] its difference from the prefrontal cortex33. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to ________.[A] aggravate in our unconscious mind[B] develop into happy dreams[C] persist till the time we fall asleep[D] show up in dreams early at night34. Cartwright seems to suggest that ________.[A] waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams[B] visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control[C] dreams should be left to their natural progression[D] dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious35. What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have had dreams?[A] Lead your life as usual.[B] Seek professional help.[C] Exercise conscious control.[D] Avoid anxiety in the daytime.Text 4American no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should, Like, Care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education. Mr. McWhorter’s academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom,” for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.But the cult of the authentic and the personal, “doing our own thing,” has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and lowculture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we should, like, care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive -- there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper.Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers. Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms -- he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English “on paper plates instead of china.” A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.36. According to McWhorter, the decline of formal English ________.[A] is inevitable in radical education reforms[B] is but all too natural in language development[C] has caused the controversy over the counter-culture[D] brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s37. The word “talking” (Line 6, paragraph 3) denotes ________.[A] modesty[B] personality[C] liveliness[D] informality38. To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?[A] Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.[B] Black English can be more expressive than standard English.[C] Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining.[D] Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas.39. The description of Russians’ love of memorizing poetry shows the author’s________.[A] interest in their language[B] appreciation of their efforts[C] admiration for their memory[D] contempt for their old-fashionedness40. According to the last paragraph, “paper plates” is to “china” as ________.年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题[A] “temporary” is to “permanent”[B] “radical” is to “conservative”[C] “functional” is to “artistic”[D] “humble” is to “noble”Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into of the numbered blank there are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Canada’s premiers (the leaders of provincial governments), if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting, might spare a moment to do something, together, to reduce health-care costs.They’re all groaning about soaring health budgets, the fastest-growing component of which are pharmaceutical costs.41. ________What to do? Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care -- to say nothing of reports from other experts -- recommended the creation of a national drug agency. Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs, bureaucracy, procedures and limited bargaining power, all would pool resources, work with Ottawa, and create a national institution.42. ________But “national” doesn’t have to mean that. “National” could mean interprovincial -- provinces combining efforts to create one body.Either way, one benefit of a “national” organization would be to negotiate better prices, if possible, with drug manufacturers. Instead of having one province -- or a series of hospitals within a province -- negotiate a price for a given drug on the provincial list, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of all provinces.Rather than, say, Quebec, negotiating on behalf of seven million people, the national agency would negotiate on behalf 31 million people. Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers, the higher the likelihood of a better price.43. ________A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the creation of the Canadian Coordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment, funded by Ottawa and the provinces. Under it, a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial lists which new drugs should be included. Predictably, and regrettably, Quebec refused to join.A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making. They2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题(particularly Quebec and Alberta) just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few, if any, strings attached. That’s one reason why the idea of a national list hasn’t gone anywhere while drug costs keep rising fast.44. ________Premiers love to quote Mr. Romanow’s report selectively, especially the parts about more federal money. Perhaps they should read what he had to say about drugs: “A national drug agency would provide governments more influence on pharmaceutical companies in order to constrain the ever-increasing cost of drugs.”45. ________So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint list, they should also get cracking about something in their jurisdiction that would help their budgets and patients.[A] Quebec’s resistance to a national agency is provincialist ideology. One ofthe first advocates for a national list was a researcher at Laval University.Quebec’s Drug Insurance Fund has seen its costs skyrocket with annualincreases from 14.3 per cent to 26.8 per cent![B] Or they could read Mr. Kirby’s report: “the substantial buying power ofsuch an agency would strengthen the public prescription-drug insuranceplans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drugcompanies.”[C] What does “national” mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirbyrecommended a federal-provincial body much like the recently createdNational Health Council.[D] The problem is simple and stark: health-care costs have been, are, and willcontinue to increase faster than government revenues.[E] According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information, prescriptiondrug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall health-carespending. Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replaceother kinds of treatments. Part of it arises from new drugs costing morethan older kinds. Part of it is higher prices.[F] So, if the provinces want to run the health-care show, they should prove theycan run it, starting with an interprovincial health list that would endduplication, save administrative costs, prevent one province from beingplayed off against another, and bargain for better drug prices.[G] Of course the pharmaceutical companies will scream. They like dividedbuyers; they can lobby better that way. They can use the threat of removingjobs from one province to another. They can hope that, if one provinceincludes a drug on its list, the pressure will cause others to include it ontheirs. They wouldn’t like a national agency, but self-interest would leadthem to deal with it.Part C年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one’s impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. 46) Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed -- and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe. The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene. 47) In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group, while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind.Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. 48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.49) Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice -- that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank for Television Production which, on the model of European Investment Bank, will handle the finances necessary for production costs. 50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “Unity we stand, divided we fall” -- and if I had to choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our diversity.” A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.Section III: WritingPart A2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题51. Directions:Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs & fashions. But now you find that the word is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason (s), and making an apology.Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead.You do not need to write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should first describe the drawing, then interpret its meaning, and give your comment on it.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题参考答案Section I: Use of English (10 points)1.[C]2.[B]3.[A]4.[C]5.[B]6.[A]7.[D]8.[A]9.[D] 10.[B]11.[C] 12.[A] 13.[D] 14.[C] 15.[D]16.[B] 17.[C] 18.[D] 19.[A] 20.[B] Section II: Reading Comprehension (60 points)Part A (40 points)21.[C] 22.[B] 23.[A] 24.[C] 25.[B]26.[C] 27.[D] 28.[A] 29.[D] 30.[B]31.[A] 32.[C] 33.[D] 34.[D] 35.[A]36.[B] 37.[D] 38.[A] 39.[B] 40.[C]Part B (10 points)41.[E] 42.[C] 43.[G] 44.[F] 45.[B]Part C (10 points)46. 电视是创造和传递感情的手段之一。
全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题及答案
XX年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题及答案xx年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题及答案下面是的xx年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题及答案，欢迎阅读，希望对大家有所帮助。
Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding “yes!”1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examinedthe effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs6 the partic ipants’ susceptibility to developing the mon cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to e 8 with acold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducingeffects of hugging10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who feltgreater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 .“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that’s usually14 with stress,” notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging “is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16difficulty.”Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called “the bonding hormone” 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1.[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout【答案】[B] Besides2.[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior【答案】[A] connected3.[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host【答案】[D] host4.[A] recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep【答案】[C] avoid5.[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D]affecting【答案】[B] involving6.[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on【答案】[D] on7.[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted【答案】[B] exposed8.[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out【答案】[C] down9.[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined【答案】[A] calculated10.[A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained【答案】[D] explained11.[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus【答案】[A] Even12.[A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors【答案】[B] symptoms13.[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased【答案】[D] increased14.[A] equipped [B] associated [C] presented [D] pared【答案】[B] associated15.[A] assess [B] moderate [C] generate [D] record【答案】[C] generate16.[A] in the face of [B] in the form of [C] in the way of [D] in the name of【答案】[A] in the face of17.[A] transfer [B] mit [C] attribute [D] return【答案】[C] attribute18.[A] because [B] unless [C] though [D] until【答案】[A] because19.[A] emerges [B] vanishes [C] remains [D] decreases【答案】[C] remains20.[A] experiences [B] bines [C] justifies[D]influences【答案】[D]influencesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours , now three hours—this is how far in advance authorities are remending people show up to catch a domestic flight , at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea ,provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers orproviding too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans’ economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons---both fake and real—past airport security nearly every time they tried .Enhanced security measures since then, bined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicago’s O’HareInternational .It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has bee—but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel , so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to useexpeditedscreeninglanes. This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 millionpeople in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock. Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price ta g has been PreCheck’s fatal flaw. Uping reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. the crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to[A] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.[B] highlight the necessity of upgrading major US airports.[C] explain Americans’ tolerance of current security checks.[D] emphasis the importance of privacy protection.【答案】[C] explain Americans’ tolerance of current security checks.22. which of the following contributions to long waitsat major airport?[A] New restrictions on carry-on bags.[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA.[C] An increase in the number of travelers.[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks.【答案】[C] An increase in the number of travelers.23.The word “expedited” (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning to[A] faster.[B] quieter.[C] wider.[D] cheaper.【答案】[A] faster.24. One problem with the PreCheck program is[A] A dramatic reduction of its scale.[B] Its wrongly-directed implementation.[C] The government’s reluctance to back it.[D] An unreasonable price for enrollment.【答案】[D] An unreasonable price for enrollment.25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Less Screening for More Safety[B] PreCheck-a Belated Solution[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines[D] Underused PreCheck Lanes【答案】[B] PreCheck-a Belated SolutionText 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii’s last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity’s view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT’s planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko , that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world’s most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea’s peak rises above the bulk of our pla’s dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the oupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection ofMauna Kea’s fragi le ecosystems or its holiness to the island’s inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii’s shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we e from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy munity is making promises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be weled on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. Queen Liliuokalan i’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates[A] its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C] the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D] her appreciation of s tar watchers’ feats in her time.【答案】[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to[A] its geographical features[B] its protective surroundings.[C] its religious implications.[D] its existing infrastructure.【答案】[A] its geographical features28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.【答案】[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians’ hostility.【答案】[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.30. Th e author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of[A] severe criticism.[B] passive aeptance.[C] slight hesitancy.[D] full approval.【答案】[D] full approval.Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK’sGDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do totheir country’s economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is oneof the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growthis translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges , there are a number of consistent themes . Yes , there has been a budding economic recovery since the xx global crash , but in key indicators in areas such as health andeducation , major economies have continued to decline . Yet this isn’t the case with al l countries . Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society , ine equality and the environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn : When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’s suess, the world looks very different .So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most mon method for measuring the economic activity of nations , as a measure , it is no longer enough . It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outes – all things that contribute to a person’s sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth . But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress .31.Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness .[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP .[D]had a low opinion of GDP .【答案】[D] had a low opinion of GDP32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern .[B]GDP as the measure of suess is widely defied in the UK .[C]the UK will contribute less to the world economy .[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP .【答案】[B]GDP as the measure of suess is widely defied in the UK .33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study ?[A]It is sponsored by 163 countries .[B]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[C]Its criteria are questionable .[D]Its results are enlightening .【答案】[D]Its results are enlightening .34.In the last two paragraphs , the author suggeststhat[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom .[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline .[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP .[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues .【答案】[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP .35.Which of the following is the best title for thetext ?[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being , a UK Lesson[B]GDP Figures, a Window on Global Economic Health[C]Rebort F.Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP[D]Brexit, the UK’s Gateway to Well-being【答案】[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being , a UK LessonText 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included aepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a pany seeking aess to government.The high cour t’s decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell’s trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governor’s decisions on “specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain aess to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that aepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful” and “nasty.” But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act”.The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery.” The basic pact underlying representative government,” wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court,” assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of aess to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader’s source of wealth.Favoritism in official aess can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of aess for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society—that all are equal in treatment by government—is undermined.Good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36. The undermined sentence (Para.1) most probably shows that the court[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s duties.[B] made no promise in convicting McDonnell.[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct.[D] refused to ment on McDonnell’s ethics.【答案】[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct.37. Aording to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves[A] leaking secrets intentionally.[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.[C] concrete returns for gift-givers.[D] breaking contracts officially.【答案】[C] concrete returns for gift-givers.38. The court’s ruling is bas ed on the assumption that public officials are[A] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.【答案】[A] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to[A] awaken the conscience of officials.[B] guarantee fair play in official aess.[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D] inspire hopes in average people.【答案】[B] guarantee fair play in official aess.40. The author’s attitude toward the court’s rulingis[A] sarcastic.[B] tolerant.[C] skeptical.[D] supportive【答案】[D] supportivePart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from thelist A-G to filling them into the numbered box. ParagraphsB and D have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A]The first published sketch, “A Dinner at Poplar Walk” brought tears to Dickens’s eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches ,which appeared under the pen name “Boz” inThe Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.[B]The runaway suess ofThe Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens’s fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure.[C]Soon after Sketches by Bozappeared, a publishingfirm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the ten-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens suessfully insisted that Seymour’s pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by mitting suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The ic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared seriallyin 1836 and 1837, and was first published in book form in 1837.[D]Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer. Dickens crafted plex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.[E]Soon after his father’s release from prison,Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. Atthe same time, Dickens, who had a reporter’s eye for transcribing the life around him especially anything ic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.[F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England’s southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British navy pay office –a respectable position, but wish little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dicken’s mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dicken’s birth, his mother’s father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family’s increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren’s Blacking Warehouse,a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as “the young gentleman.” His father was then imprisoned fo r debt. The humiliations of his father’s imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dicken’s greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.[G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, e traces an orphan’s progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel, bines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dichens’ as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.D → 41. → 42. → 43. → 44. → B →45.【答案】41. [F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth42. [E] Soon after his father’s re lease from prison43. [A]The first published sketch44. [C]Soon after Sketches by Bozappeared45. [G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker worldPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international munication has obviously been continuing for several decades.(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Thoserealistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a petitive advantage over their British counterparts inglobal panies and organizations. Alongside that,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resourcesin languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors.The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50)It gives a basis to allorganization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment.That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.【答案】(46) 但是即使当下英语使用者的人群还在进一步扩大，有迹象说明：在可预见的未来，英语可能会逐渐失去其全球主导地位。
2005年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及参考答案解析
2005年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及参考答案解析日常问候用语是考生必须熟练运用的知识，这与考生的口语操练有很大关系。
说促进听，是许多英语学习者的心得。
而且日常问候要视人而定，如英国人见面谈天气，美国人见面问身体等。
下面作详细介绍：1.问候类(Greetings)英语中的问候用语非常繁多，正式的通常有：How do you do?(初次见面通常用语)How are you?(比较熟悉的人之间用语)How are you getting along with...?(你近来...可好?)How are you doing?(您工作还顺利吧?)How is everything?(一切还好吧?)How is your vacation/holiday(s)/Christmas Day/weekend?(假期怎么样?)当今美国社会流行口语用语，大致有：What's up?(近来可忙?)Hello?Hi?What's going on?(近来可好?)How is life?How is it going?anything new?Pleased to meet you again!对以上问候的对答通常有How do you do!Fine!Thank you，and you?Every is fine!I'm just great!Very(quite)well，thank you!Couldn't be better，thank you!Not bad!Can't complain!Just so so.值得一提的是，随着美语越来越广泛地渗透，听力中用美语朗读且以美国社会为背景的题材的趋势愈加明显。
考生要注意日常口语对话，及时吸取信息，将对听力有很大的帮助。
请看下面的对话：A：Good morning, Ms Lucy. This is Betty, can you still remember me?B：Betty? Is it really? Surely I remember you. You are my good friend, and I haven??t seen you for ages, but how are you?A：Fine, I??m just fine, Ms Lucy...2.告别类(Farewell)有聚总有散。
-历年考研英语真题集含答案(word版)
资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除1980-2013年历年考研英语真题集含答案（word版）目录2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题- 2 -Section Ⅰ Use of English - 2 -Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension - 3 -Part A - 3 -Part B - 8 -Section III Writing - 11 -Party A - 11 -Part B - 11 -2013年考研英语真题答案- 12 -Part A - 12 -Part B: (20 points) - 13 -2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题- 13 -Section I Use of English - 13 -Section II Reading Comprehension - 15 -Part A - 15 -Part B - 21 -Section III Writing - 23 -Part A - 23 -Part B - 24 -2012考研英语真题答案 - 24 -2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题- 35 -Section I Use of English - 35 -Section II Reading Comprehension - 35 -Part A - 36 -Part B - 40 -Part C - 41 -Section Ⅲ Writing - 42 -Part A - 42 -Part B - 42 -2011年考研英语真题答案- 42 -2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题49Section I Use of English 49Section II Reading Comprehension 51Part A 51Part B 59Part C 61只供学习与交流。
2005考研英语答案
2005考研英语答案【篇一：1994~2005考研英语真题及答案阅读】class=txt>2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题section ii reading comprehension 1part adirections:read the following four texts. answer the questions beloweach text by choosing [a], [b], [c] or d. mark your answers on answer sheet 1 (40 points)text 1everybody loves a fat pay rise. yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. such behaviour is regarded as “all too human,” with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. but a study by sarah brosnan and frans de waal of emory university in atlanta, georgia, which has just been published in nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.the researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. they look cute. they are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food readily. above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.such characteristics make them perfect candidates for dr. brosnan’s and dr. de waal’s study. the researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. however, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.in the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). so when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. and if one received a grape without having to provide her token inexchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.the researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. in the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. however, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.21. in the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by ________.[a] posing a contrast[b] justifying an assumption2 大家版词典级31年考研英语真题及答案 [c] making a comparison[d] explaining a phenomenon22. the statement “it is all too monkey” (last line, paragraph l) implies that ________.[a] monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals[b] resenting unfairness is also mo nkeys’ nature[c] monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other[d] no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions23. female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are________.[a] more inclined to weigh what they get[b] attentive to researchers’ instructions[c] nice in both appearance and temperament[d] more generous than their male companions24. dr. brosnan and dr. de waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys ________.[a] prefer grapes to cucumbers[b] can be taught to exchange things[c] will not be co-operative if feeling cheated[d] are unhappy when separated from others25. what can we infer from the last paragraph?[a] monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.[b] human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.[c] animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.[d] cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.text 2do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure? that the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? that the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? lots of americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves. there are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. the latest was a panel from the national academy of sciences, enlisted by the white house, to tell us that the earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. the clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. the president of the national academy, bruce alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel’s report: “science never has all the answers. but science does provide us with the best available guide to2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 3 the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it’s ok to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. this is a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. with the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.fortunately, the white house is starting to pay attention. but it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers stilldon’t take global warming seriously. instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research -- a classic case of “paralysis by analysis.”to serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. but research alone is inadequate. if the administration won’t take the legislative initiative, congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures. a bill by democratic senator robert byrd of west virginia, which would offerfinancial incentives for private industry, is a promising start. many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. if we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.26. an argument made by supporters of smoking was that________.[a] there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death[b] the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant[c] people had the freedom to choose their own way of life[d] antismoking people were usually talking nonsense27. according to bruce alberts, science can serve as ________.[a] a protector[b] a judge[c] a critic[d] a guide28. what does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis” (last line, paragraph 4)?[a] endless studies kill action.[b] careful investigation reveals truth.[c] prudent planning hinders progress.[d] extensive research helps decision-making.29. according to the author, what should the administration do about global warming?[a] offer aid to build cleaner power plants.[b] raise public awareness of conservation.[c] press for further scientific research.[d] take some legislative measures.4 大家版词典级31年考研英语真题及答案30. the author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because ________.[a] they both suffered from the government’s negligence[b] a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former[c] the outcome of the latter aggravates the former[d] both of them have turned from bad to worsetext 3of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. in dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. a century ago, freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise” -- the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. now researchers suspect that dreams are p art of the mind’s emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line.” and one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better, “it’s your dream,” says rosalind cartwright, chair of psychology at chicago’s medical center. “if you don’t like it, change it.”evidence from brain imaging supports this view. the brain isas active during rem (rapid eye movement) sleep -- when most vivid dreams occur -- as it is when fully awake, says dr, eric nofzinger at the university of pittsburgh. but not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the “emotional brain”) is especially active, while the prefrontal cor tex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. “we wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day.” says stanford sleep researcher dr. william dement.the link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in cartwright’s clinic. most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. because our consciou s mind is occupied with daily life we don’t alwaysthink about the emotional significance of the day’s events -- until, it appears, we begin to dream.and this process need not be left to the unconscious. cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. as soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. with much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.at the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or “we wake up in a panic,” cartwright says. terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety. those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. for the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. sleep -- or rather dream -- on it and you’ll feel better in the morning.31. researchers have come to believe that dreams ________.[a] can be modified in their courses[b] are susceptible to emotional changes[c] reflect our innermost desires and fears2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题[d] are a random outcome of neural repairs 532. by referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show ________.[a] its function in our dreams[b] the mechanism of rem sleep[c] the relation of dreams to emotions[d] its difference from the prefrontal cortex33. the negative feelings generated during the day tend to________.[a] aggravate in our unconscious mind[b] develop into happy dreams[c] persist till the time we fall asleep[d] show up in dreams early at night34. cartwright seems to suggest that ________.[a] waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams[b] visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control[c] dreams should be left to their natural progression[d] dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious35. what advice might cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?[a] lead your life as usual.[b] seek professional help.[c] exercise conscious control.[d] avoid anxiety in the daytime.text 4americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the english language with skill and gift. nor do they aspire to such command themselves. in his latest book, doing our own thing: the degradation of language and music and why we should, like, care, john mcwhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal english.blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education. mr. mcwhorter’s academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom,” for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of old english.but the cult of the authentic and the personal, “doing our own thing,” has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. while even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken english on the page. equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative gee is the【篇二：2005年考研英语试题及答案】class=txt>section i use of englishdirections:read the following text. choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [a], [b], [c] or [d] on answer sheet 1 (10 points)the human nose is an underrated tool. humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, 1 this is largely because, 2animals, we stand upright. this means that our noses are 3 to perceiving those smells which float through the air, 4 the majority of smells which stick to surfaces.in fact, 5, we are extremely sensitive to smells, 6 we do not generally realize it. our noses are capable of 7 human smells even when these are 8 to far below one part in one million.strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, 9 others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. this may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 10 smell receptors in the nose. these receptors are the cells which sense smells and send 11 to the brain. however, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell 12 can suddenly become sensitive to it when 13 to it often enough.the explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it 14 to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 15 new receptors if necessary. this may 16explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells—we simply do not need to be. we are not 17 of the usual smell of our own house, but we18 new smells when we visit someone else’s. the brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 19 for unfamiliar and emergency signals 20 the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.1. [a] although[b] as[c] but[d] while2. [a] above[b] unlike[c] excluding[d] besides3. [a] limited[b] committed[c] dedicated[d] confined4. [a] catching[b] ignoring[c] missing[d] tracking5. [a] anyway[b] though[c] instead[d] therefore6. [a] even if[b] if only[c] only if[d] as if7. [a] distinguishing[b] discovering[c] determining[d] detecting8. [a] diluted[b] dissolved[c] dispersed[d] diffused9. [a] when[b] since[c] for[d] whereas10. [a] unusual[b] particular[c] unique[d] typical11. [a] signs[b] stimuli[c] messages[d] impulses12. [a] at first[b] at all[c] at large[d] at times13. [a] subjected[b] left[c] drawn[d] exposed14. [a] ineffective[b] incompetent[c] inefficient[d] insufficient15. [a] introduce[b] summon[c] trigger[d] create16. [a] still[b] also[c] otherwise[d] nevertheless17. [a] sure[b] sick[c] aware[d] tired18. [a] tolerate[b] repel[c] neglect[d] notice19. [a] available[b] reliable[c] identifiable[d] suitable20. [a] similar to[b] such as[c] along with[d] aside fromsection ii reading comprehensionpart adirections:read the following four texts. answer the questions beloweach text by choosing [a], [b], [c] or d. mark your answers on answer sheet 1 (40 points)text 1everybody loves a fat pay rise. yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. such behaviour is regarded as “all too human,” with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. but a study by sarah brosnan and frans de waal of emory university in atlanta, georgia, which has just been published in nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.the researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. they look cute. they are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food readily. above all,like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.such characteristics make them perfect candidates for dr. brosnan’s and dr. de waal’s study. the researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. however, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.in the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). so when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. and if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused toaccept the slice of cucumber. indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.the researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. in the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. however, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.21. in the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by________.[a] posing a contrast【篇三：2005年考研英语试题及答案】class=txt>section idirections:read the following text. choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark[a], [b], [c] or [d] on answer sheet 1 (10 points)the human nose is an underrated tool. humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, 1 this is largely because, 2 animals, we stand upright. this means that our noses are 3 to perceiving those smells which float through the air, 4 the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. in fact, 5, we are extremely sensitive to smells, 6 we do not generally realize it. our noses are capable of 7 human smells even when these are 8 to far below one part in one million.strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, 9 others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. this may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 10 smell receptors in the nose. these receptors are the cells which sense smells and send 11 to the brain. however, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell 12 can suddenly become sensitive to it when 13 to it often enough.the explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it 14 to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 15 new receptors if necessary. this may 16 explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells—we simply do not need to be. we are not 17 of the usual smell of our own house, but we 18 new smells when we visit someone else’s. the brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 19 for unfamiliar and use of englishemergency signals 20 the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.1. [a] although[b] as[c] but[d] while2. [a] above[b] unlike[c] excluding[d] besides3. [a] limited[b] committed[c] dedicated[d] confined4. [a] catching[b] ignoring[c] missing[d] tracking5. [a] anyway[b] though[c] instead[d] therefore6. [a] even if[b] if only[c] only if[d] as if7. [a] distinguishing[b] discovering[c] determining[d] detecting8. [a] diluted[b] dissolved[c] dispersed[d] diffused9. [a] when[b] since[c] for[d] whereas10. [a] unusual[b] particular[c] unique[d] typical11. [a] signs[b] stimuli[c] messages[d] impulses12. [a] at first[b] at all[c] at large[d] at times13. [a] subjected[b] left[c] drawn[d] exposed14. [a] ineffective[b] incompetent[c] inefficient[d] insufficient15. [a] introduce[b] summon[c] trigger[d] create16. [a] still[b] also[c] otherwise[d] nevertheless17. [a] sure[b] sick[c] aware[d] tired18. [a] tolerate[b] repel[c] neglect[d] notice19. [a] available[b] reliable[c] identifiable[d] suitable20. [a] similar to[b] such as[c] along with[d] aside fromsection ii reading comprehensionpart adirections:read the following four texts. answer the questions below each text by choosing [a],[b], [c] or d. mark your answers on answer sheet 1 (40 points) text 1everybody loves a fat pay rise. yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might evenbe outraged. such behaviour is regarded as “all too human,” with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of thisfinely developed sense of grievance. but a study by sarah brosnan and frans de waal of emory university in atlanta, georgia, which has just been published in nature, suggeststhat it is all too monkey, as well.the researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. they look cute. they are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food readily. above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attentio n to the value of “goods and services” than males.such characteristics make them perfect candidates for dr. brosnan’s and dr. de waal’s study. the researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. however, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.in the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). so when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. and if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.the researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. in the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. however, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stemsfrom the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.21. in the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by ________.[a] posing a contrast[b] justifying an assumption[c] making a comparison[d] explaining a phenomenon22. the statement “it is all too monkey” (last line, paragraph l) implies that________.[a] monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals[b] resenting unfairness is also monkeys’ nature[c] monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other。
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2005年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及参考答案SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections：Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1（10points）Thehumannoseisanunderratedtool.Humansareoftenthoughttobeinsensitivesmellerscomparedwithanim als,1thisislargelybecause,2animals,westandupright.Thismeansthatournosesare3toperceivingthos esmellswhichfloatthroughtheair,4themajorityofsmellswhichsticktosurfaces.Infact5,weareextrem elysensitivetosmells,6wedonotgenerallyrealizeit.Ournosesarecapableof7humansmellsevenwhenthe seare8tofarbelowonepartinonemillion.Strangely,somepeoplefindthattheycansmellonetypeofflowerbutnotanother,9othersaresensitivetot hesmellsofbothflowers.Thismaybebecausesomepeopledonothavethegenesnecessarytogenerate10smell receptorsinthenose.Thesereceptorsarethecellswhichsensesmellsandsend11tothebrain.However,ith asbeenfoundthatevenpeopleinsensitivetoacertainsmell12cansuddenlybecomesensitivetoitwhen13to itoftenenough.Theexplanationforinsensitivitytosmellseemstobethatbrainfindsit14tokeepallsmellreceptorswork ingallthetimebutcan15newreceptorsifnecessary.Thismay16explainwhywearenotusuallysensitivetoo urownsmellswesimplydonotneedtobe.Wearenot17oftheusualsmellofourownhousebutwe18newsmellswhen wevisitsomeoneelse's.Thebrainfindsitbesttokeepsmellreceptors19forunfamiliarandemergencysign als20thesmellofsmoke,whichmightindicatethedangeroffire.1.[A]although [B]as [C]but [D]while2.[A]above [B]unlike [C]excluding [D]besides3.[A]limited [B]committed [C]dedicated [D]confined4.[A]catching [B]ignoring [C]missing [D]tracking5.[A]anyway [B]though [C]instead [D]therefore6.[A]evenif [B]ifonly [C]onlyif [D]asif7.[A]distinguishing [B]discovering [C]determining [D]detecting8.[A]diluted [B]dissolved [C]determining [D]diffused9.[A]when [B]since [C]for [D]whereas10.[A]unusual[B]particular[C]unique[D]typical11.[A]signs [B]stimuli [C]messages [D]impulses12.[A]atfirst [B]atall [C]atlarg [D]attimes13.[A]subjected [B]left [C]drawn [D]exposed14.[A]ineffective [B]incompetent [C]inefficient [D]insufficient15.[A]introduce [B]summon [C]trigger [D]create16.[A]still [B]also [C]otherwise [D]nevertheless17.[A]sure [B]sick [C]aware [D]tired18.[A]tolerate [B]repel [C]neglect [D]notice19.[A]availabe [B]reliable [C]identifiable [D]suitable20.[A]similarto [B]suchas [C]alongwith [D]asidefromSectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections：Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.Markyouranswers onANSWERSHEET1（40points）Text1Everybodylovesafatpayrise.Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengiven abiggerone.Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged.Suchbehaviourisregardedas“alltoohuman”,withtheunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfine lydevelopedsenseofgrievance.ButastudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta ,Georgia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatitalltoomonkey,aswell.Theresearchersstudiedthebehaviouroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theyaregood-natu red,co-operativecreatures,andtheysharetheirfoodtardily.Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounter parts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”than males.Suchcharact eristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan'sandDr.dewaal's；study.Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokensforfood.Normally,themo nkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.However,whentwomonkeyswerepla cedinseparatebutadjoiningchambers,sothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforit srock,theirbecamemarkedlydifferent.Intheworldofcapuchinsgrapesareluxurygoods（andmuchpreferabletocucumbers）Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrapeinexchangeforhertoken,thesecondwasreluctanttohandhersoverfora merepieceofcucumber.Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatall,the othereithertossedherowntokenattheresearcheroroutofthechamber,orrefusedto；acceptthesliceofcucumberIndeed,themerepresenceofagrapeintheotherchamber （withoutanactualmonkeytoeatit）wasenoughtoreduceresentmentinafemalecapuchin.Theresearchessuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,likehumans,areguidedbysocialemotions,inthewild,they areaco-operative,grouplivingspecies,Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfee lsitisnotbeingcheated.Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone ,Refusingalesserrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelingsabundantlycleartoothermembersofthegroup.H owever,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstems formthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.21.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicbyA.posingacontrast.B.justifyinganassumption.C.makingacomparison.D.explainingaphenomenon.22.Thestatement“itisalltoomonkey”（Lastline,paragraphl）impliesthatA.monkeysarealsooutragedbyslackrivals.B.resentingunfairnessisalsomonkeys'nature.C.monkeys,likehumans,tendtobejealousofeachother.D.noanimalsotherthanmonkeyscandevelopsuchemotions.23.FemalecapuchinmonkeyswerechosenfortheresearchmostprobablybecausetheyareA.moreinclinedtoweighwhattheyget.B.attentivetoresearchers'instructions.C.niceinbothappearanceandtemperament.D.moregenerousthantheirmalecompanions24.Dr.BrosnanandDr.deWaalhaveeventuallyfoundintheirstudythatthemonkeysA.prefergrapestocucumbers.B.canbetaughttoexchangethings.C.willnotbeco-operativeiffeelingcheated.D.areunhappywhenseparatedfromothers.25.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph？A.Monkeyscanbetrainedtodevelopsocialemotions.B.Humanindignationevolvedfromanuncertainsource.C.Animalsusuallyshowtheirfeelingsopenlyashumansdo.D.Cooperationamongmonkeysremainsstableonlyinthewild.Text2Doyourememberallthoseyearswhenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkillusbutthedoubtersinsistedt hatwedidn'tknowforsure？Thattheevidencewasinconclusive,thescienceuncertain？Thattheantismokinglobbywasouttodestroyourwayoflifeandthegovernmentshouldstayoutoftheway？LotsofAmericansboughtthatnonsense,andoverthreedecades,some10millionsmokerswenttoearlygraves .Thereareupsettingparallelstoday,asscientistsinonewaveafteranothertrytoawakenustothegrowingt hreatofglobalwarming.ThelatestwasapanelfromtheNationalAcademyofSciences,enlistedbytheWhiteH ouse,totellusthattheEarth'satmosphereisdefinitelywarmingandthattheproblemislargelyman-made. Theclearmessageisthatweshouldgetmovingtoprotectourselves.ThepresidentoftheNationalAcademy,B ruceAlberts,addedthiskeypointinteprefacetothepanel'srepor“ScienceneverhalltheanswersButsci encedoesprovideuswiththebestavailableguidetothefuture,anditiscriticalthatoutnationandthewor ldbaseimportantpoliciesonthebestjudgmentsthatsciencecanprovideconcerningthefutureconsequenc esofpresentactions.”Justasonsmokingvoicesnowcomefrommanyquartersinsistingthatthescienceaboutglobalwarmingisinco mplete,thatit'sOktokeeppouringfumesintotheairuntilweknowforsure.thisisadangerousgame：bythe100percentoftheevidenceisin,itmaybetoolate.Withtherisksobviousandgrowing,aprudentpeopl ewouldtakeoutaninsurancepolicynow.Fortunately,theWhiteHouseisstartingtopayattention.Butit'sobviousthatamajorityofthepresident 'sadvisersstilldon'ttakeglobalwarmingseriously.Insteadofaplanofaction,theycontinuetopressfo rmoreresearch-aclassiccaseof“paralysisbyanalysis”.Toserveasresponsiblestewardsoftheplanet,wemustpressforwardondeeperatmosphericandoceanicrese archButresearchaloneisinadequate.IftheAdministrationwon'ttakethelegislativeinitiative,Congr essshouldhelptobeginfashioningconservationmeasuresAbillbyDemocraticSenatorRobertByrdofWestV irginia,whichwouldofferfinancialincentivesforprivateindustryisapromisingstartManyseethatthe countryisgettingreadytobuildlotsofnewpowerplantstomeetourenergyneeds.Ifweareevergoingtoprot ecttheatmosphere,itiscrucialthatthosenewplantsbeenvironmentallysound.26.AnargumentmadebysupportersofsmokingwasthatA.therewasnoscientificevidenceofthecorrelationbetweensmokinganddeath.B.thenumberofearlydeathsofsmokersinthepastdecadeswasinsignificant.C.peoplehadthefreedomtochoosetheirownwayoflife.D.antismokingpeoplewereusuallytalkingnonsense.27.AccordingtoBruceAlberts,sciencecanserveasA.aprotector.B.ajudge.C.acritic.D.aguide.28.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“paralysisbyanalysis”（Lastline,paragraph4）A.Endlessstudieskillaction.B.Carefulinvestigationrevealstruth.C.prudentplanninghinders.D.Extensiveresearchhelpsdecision-making.29.Accordingtotheauthor,whatshouldtheAdministrationdoaboutA.Offeraidtobuildcleanerpowerplants.B.Raisepublicawarenessofconservation.C.Pressforfurtherscientificresearch.D.Takesomelegislativemeasures.30.TheauthorassociatestheissueofglobalwarmingwiththatofsmokingbecauseA.theybothsufferedfromthegovernment'snegligence.B.alessonfromthelatterisapplicabletotheformer.C.theoutcomeofthelatteraggravatestheformer.D.bothofthemhaveturnedfrombadtoworse.Text3Ofallthecomponentsofagoodnight'ssleep,dreamsseemtobeleastwithinourcontrol.Indreams,awindowo pensintoaworldwherelogicissuspendedanddeadpeoplespeak.Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolut ionarytheorythatdreamswerethedisguisedshadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandrears,bythelate1970s .neurologistshadswitchedtothinkingofthemasjust“mentalnoise”therandombyproductsoftheneural -repairworkthatgoesonduringsleep.Nowresearcherssuspectthatdreamsarepartofthemind'semotional therm ostat,regulatingmoodswhilethebrainis“off-line”Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseint enselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohe lpussleepandfeelbetter,“It'syourdream”saysRosalindCartwright,chairofpsychologyatC hicago's MedicalCenter.“Ifyoudon'tlikeit,changeit.”Evidencefrombrainimagingsupportsthisview.ThebrainisasactiveduringREM（rapideyemovement）sleep-whenmostvividdreamsoccur-asitiswhenfullyawake,saysDr,EricNofzingerattheUniversityofPi ttsburgh.Butnotallpartsofthebrainareequallyinvolved,thelimbicsystem（the“emotionalbrain”）isespeciallyactive,whiletheprefrontalcortex（thecenterofintellectandreasoning）isrelativelyquiet.“Wewakeupfromdreamshappyofdepressed,andthosefeelingscanstaywithusallday ”saysStanfordsleepresearcher Dr,WilliamDement.Andthisprocessneednotbelefttotheunconscious.Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontro loverrecurringbaddreamsAssoonasyouawaken,identifywhatisupsettingaboutthedream.Visualizehowy ouwouldlikeittoendinstead,thenexttimeisoccurs,trytowakeupjustenoughtocontrolitscourse.Withm uchpracticepeoplecanlearnto,literally,doitintheirsleep.Attheendoftheday,there'sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatallunlesstheykeepusf romsleepingof“wewakeuinapanic,”CartwrightsaysTerrorism,economicuncerta intiesandgeneralfee lingsofinsecurityhaveincreasedpeople'sanxiety.Thosesufferingfrompersistentnightmaresshoulds eekhelpfromatherapistFortherestofus,thebrainhasitswaysofworkingthroughbadfeelings.Sleep-orr atherdream-onitandyou'llfeelbetterinthemorning.31.ResearchershavecometobelievethatdreamsA.canbemodifiedintheircourses.B.aresusceptibletoemotionalchanges.C.reflectourinnermostdesiresandfears.D.arearandomoutcomeofneuralrepairs.32.Byreferringtothelimbicsystem,theauthorintendstoshowA.itsfunctioninourdreams.B.themechanismofREMsleep.C.therelationofdreamstoemotions.D.itsdifferencefromtheprefrontalcortex.33.ThenegativefeelingsgeneratedduringthedaytendtoA.aggravateinourunconsciousmind.B.developintohappydreams.C.persisttillthetimewefallasleep.D.showupindreamsearlyatnight.34.CartwrightseemstosuggestthatA.wakingupintimeisessentialtotheriddingofbaddreams.B.visualizingbaddreamshelpsbringthemundercontroll.C.dreamsshouldbelefttotheirnaturalprogression.D.dreamingmaynotentirelybelongtotheunconscious.35.WhatadvicemightCartwrightgivetothosewhosometimeshavehaddreams?A.leadyourlifeasusual.B.Seekprofessionalhelp.C.Exerciseconsciouscontrol.D.Avoidanxietyinthedaytime.Text4Americannolongerexpectpublicfigures,whetherinspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagew ithskillandgift.Nordotheyaspiretosuchcommandthemselves.Inhislatestbook,DoingOurOwnThing.The DegradationoflanguageandMusicandwhyweshouldlike,care,JohnMcWhorter,alinguistandcontroversia listofmixedliberalandconservativeviews,seesthetriumphof1960scounter-cultureasresponsiblefor thedeclineofformalEnglish.Butthecultoftheauthenticandthepersonal,“doingourownthing”,hasspeltthedeathofformalspeech, writing,poetryandmusic.Whileeventhemodestlyeducatedsoughtanelevatedtonewhentheyputpentopape rbeforethe1960s,eventhemostwellregardedwritingsincethenhassoughttocapturespokenEnglishonthe page.Equally,inpoetry,thehighlypersonal,performativegenreistheonlyformthatcouldclaimrealliv eliness.InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.Illustratedwithanentertainingarrayofexamplesfrombothhighandlowculture,thetrendthatMr.McWhor terdocumentsisunmistakable.Butitislessclear,totakethequestionofhissubtitle,whyweshould,like care.Asalinguist,heacknowledgesthatallvarietiesofhumanlanguage,includingnon-standardoneslik eBlackEnglish,canbepowerfullyexpressive-thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotc onveycomplexideasHeisnotarguing,asmanydo,thatwecannolongerthinkstraightbecausewedonottalkpr oper.Russianshaveadeeplovefortheirownlanguageandcarrylargechunksofmemorizedpoetryintheirheads,wh ileItalianpoliticianstendtoelaboratespeechthatwouldseemold-fashionedtomostEnglish-speakers. Mr.McWhorteracknowledgesthatformallanguageisnotstrictlynecessary,andproposesnoradicaleducat ionreforms-heisreallygrievingoverthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful.WenowtakeourEngl ish“onpaperplatesinsteadofchina”.Ashame,perhaps,butprobablyaninevitableone.36.AccordingtoMcWhorter,thedeclineofformalEnglishA.isinevitableinradicaleducationreforms.B.isbutalltoonaturalinlanguagedevelopment.C.hascausedthecontroversyoverthecounter-culture.D.broughtaboutchangesinpublicattitudesinthe1960s.37.Theword“talking”（Linge6,paragraph3）denotesA.modesty.B.personality.C.liveliness.rmality.38.TowhichofthefollowingstatementswouldMcWhortermostlikelyagree?A.Logicalthinkingisnotnecessarilyrelatedtothewaywetalk.B.BlackEnglishcanbemoreexpressivethanstandardEnglish.C.Non-standardvarietiesofhumanlanguagearejustasentertaining.D.Ofallthevarieties,standardEnglishCanbestconveycomplexideas.39.ThedescriptionofRussians'loveofmemorizingpoetryshowstheauthor'sA.interestintheirlanguage.B.appreciationoftheirefforts.C.admirationfortheirmemory.D.contemptfortheirold-fashionedness.40.Accordingtothelastparagraph,“paperplates”isto“china”asA.“temporary”isto“permanent”.B.“radical”isto“conservative”.C.“functional”isto“artistic”.D.“humble”isto“noble”.PartBDirections：Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshaveremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoofthenumberedblanktherearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.Mar kyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）Canada'spremiers（theleadersofprovincialgovernments）,iftheyhaveanybreathleftaftercomplainingaboutOttawaatt heirlateJulyannualmeeting,mightspareamomenttodosomething,toreducehealth-carecosts.They'reallgroaningaboutsoaringhealthbudgets,thefastest-growingcomponentofwhicharepharmaceutWhattodo?BoththeRomanowcommissionandtheKirbycommitteeonhealthcare-tosaynothingofreportsfrom otherexpertsrecommendedthecreationofanationaldrugagency.Insteadofeachprovincehavingitsownli stofapproveddrugs,bureaucracy,proceduresandlimitedbargainingpower,allwouldpoolresources,worBut“national”doesn'thavetomeanthat.“National”couldmeaninterprovincial-provincescombinin geffortstocreateonebody.Eitherway,onebenefitofa“national”organizationwouldbetonegotiatebetterprices,ifpossible,wi thdrugmanufacturers.Insteadofhavingoneprovince-oraseriesofhospitalswithinaprovince-negotiat eapriceforagivendrugontheprovinciallist,thenationalagencywouldnegotiateonbehalfofallprovinc es.Ratherthan,say,Quebec,negotiatingonbehalfofsevenmillionpeople,thenationalagencywouldnegotia teonbehalf31millionpeople.Basiceconomicssuggeststhegreaterthepotentialconsumers,thehigherthAsmallstephasbeentakeninthedirectionofanationalagencywiththecreationoftheCanadianCo-ordinat ingOfficeforHealthTechnologyAssessment,fundedbyOttawaandtheprovinces.Underit,aCommonDrugRev iewrecommendstoprovinciallistswhichnewdrugsshouldbeincluded,predictablyandregrettablyQuebec refusedtojoin.Afewpremiersaresuspiciousofanyfederal-provincialdeal-making.They （particularlyQuebecandAlberta）justwantOttawatoforkoveradditionalbillionswithfew,ifany,stringsattached.That'sonereasonwhytPremierslovetoquoteMr.Romanow'sreportselectively,especiallythepartsaboutmorefederalmoneyper hapstheyshouldreadwhathehadtosayaboutdrugs.“AnationaldrugagencywouldprovidegovernmentsmoreinfluenceonpharmaceuticalcompaniesinordertoSowhenthepremiersgatherinNiagaraFallstoassembletheirusualcomplaintlist,theyshouldalsogetcra ckingaboutsomethingintheirjurisdictionthatwouldhelptheirbudgetsandpatients.A.Quebec'sresistancetoanationalagencyisprovincialistideology.Oneofthrstadvocatesfornational listwasaresearcheratLavalUniversity.Quebec'sDrugInsuranceFundhasseenitscostsskyrocketwithan nualincreasesfrom14.3percentto26.8percent！B.OrtheycouldreadMr.Kirby'sreport：“thesubstantialbuyingpowerofsuchanagencywouldstrengthenthepublicprescription-druginsurance planstonegotiatethelowestpossiblepurchasepricesfromdrugcompanies”C.Whatdoes“national”mean?RoyRomanowandSenatorMichaelKirbyrecommendedafederal-provincialbo dymuchliketherecentlycreatedNationalHealthCouncil.D.Theproblemissimpleandstark：health-carecostshavebeen,are,andwillcontinuetoincreasefasterthangovernmentrevenues.E.AccordingtotheCanadianInstituteforHealthInformation.prescriptiondrugcostshaverisensince19 97attwicetherateofoverallhealth-carespending.Partoftheincreasecomesfromdrugsbeingusedtorepl aceotherkindsoftreatmentspartofitarisesfromnewdrugscostingmorethanolderkinds.Partofitishigh erprices.F.So,iftheprovinceswanttorunthehealth-careshow,theyshouldprovetheycanrunit,startingwithanin terprovincialhealthlistthatwouldendduplication,saveadministrativecosts,preventoneprovincefr ombeingplayedoffagainstanother,andbargainforbetterdrugprices.G.Ofcoursethepharmaceuticalcompanieswillscream.Theylikedividedbuyers,theycanlobbybetterthat way.Theycanusethethreatofremovingjobsfromoneprovincetoanother.Theycanhopethat,ifoneprovince includesadrugonits,listthepressurewillcauseotherstoincludeitontheirs.Theywouldn'tlikeanatio nalagencyagency,butself-interestwouldleadthemtodealwithit.PartCDirections：ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslati onshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.（10points）ItisnoteasytotalkabouttheroleofthemassmediainthisoverwhelminglysignificantphaseinEuropeanhi story.Historyandnewsbecomeconfused,andone'simpressionstendtobeamixtureofskepticismandoptimi sm.（46）Televisionisoneofthemeansbywhichthesefeelingsarecreatedandconveyed-andperhapsneverbeforehas itservedtomuchtoconnectdifferentpeoplesandnationsasistherecenteventsinEurope.TheEuropethati snowformingcannotbeanythingotherthanitspeoples,theirculturesandnationalidentities.Withthisi nmindwecanbegintoanalyzetheEuropeantelevisionscene.（47）InEurope,aselsewheremulti-mediagroupshavebeenincreasinglysuccessfulgroupswhichbringtogether television,radionewspapers,magazinesandpublishinghousesthatworkinrelationtooneanother.OneIt alianexamplewouldbetheBerlusconigroupwhileabroadMaxwellandMurdochcometomind.Clearly,onlythebiggestandmostflexibletelevisioncompaniesaregoingtobeabletocompetecompletein sucharichandhotly-contestedmarket.（48）Thisalonedemonstratesthatthetelevisionbusinessisnotaneasyworldtosurviveinafactunderlinedbys tatisticsthatshowthatoutofeightyEuropeantelevisionnetworksnolessthan50%tookalossin1989.Moreover,theintegrationoftheEuropeancommunitywillobligetelevisioncompaniestocooperatemorecl oselyintermsofbothproductionanddistribution.（49）Creatinga“Europeanidentity”thatrespectsthedifferent culturesandtraditionswhichgotomakeupth econnectingfabricoftheOldcontinentisnoeasytaskanddemandsastrategicchoice-thatofproducingpro gramsinEuropeforEurope.ThisentailsreducingourdependenceontheNorthAmericanmarket,whoseprogra msrelatetoexperiencesandculturaltraditionswhicharedifferentfromourown.Inordertoachievetheseobjectives,wemustconcentratemoreonco-productions,theexchangeofnews,doc umentaryservicesandtraining.ThisalsoinvolvestheagreementsbetweenEuropeancountriesforthecreationofaEuropeanbankwillhandlethefinancesnecessaryforproductioncosts.（50）Indealingwithachallengeonsuchascale,itisnoexaggerationtosay“Unitywestand,dividedwefall”-a ndifIhadtochooseasloganitwouldbe“Unityinourdiversity.”Aunityofobjectivesthatnonethelessre spectthevariedpeculiaritiesofeachcountry.'SectionⅢWritingPartA51.Directions：TwomonthsagoyougotajobasaneditorforthemagazineDesigns&fashions.Butnowyoufindthatthewordisno twhatyouexpected.Youdecidetoquit.Writealettertoyourboss,Mr.Wang,tellinghimyourdecisionstati ngyourreason（s）,andmakinganapology.Writeyourletterwithnolessthan100words.WriteitneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameatthe endoftheletter,use“LiMing”instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.（10points）PartB52.Directions：Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshouldfirstdescribethed rawingtheinterpretitsmeaning,andgiveyourcommentonit.YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.（20points）SectionIUseofEnglish1.c2.b3.a4.c5.b6.a7.d8.a9.d10.b11.c12.a13.d14.c15.d16.b17.c18.d19.a20bSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartA21c22.b23.a24.c25.b26.c27.d28.a29.d30.b31.a32.c33.d34.d35.a36.b37.d38.a39.b40.cPartB41.e42.c43.g44.f45.bPartC46.电视是引发和传递这些感受的手段之一——在欧洲近来发生的事件中，它把不同的民族和国家连到一起，其作用之大，前所未有。