英语-研究生期末样题

ENGLISH PROFICIENCY EXAM (Sample Test)FOR NON-ENGLISH MAJOR POSTGRADUATE STUDENTSTIANJIN UNIVERSITYPART 1: LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSection A:Directions: In this section, you will hear 9 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, there will be a question. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. You must read the 4 suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1. A. The conversation doesn’t say.C. They will go roller skating. B. They will go ice skating.D. They will stay at home.2. A. The two speakers are good friends.B. The man is inviting the woman to meet again.C. The man is simply saying good-bye to the woman.D. The two speakers care about each other.3. A. He is tall.C. He wears a green shirt. B. He wears glasses.D. He has a mustache.4. A. She wears pants.C. She is serious-looking. B. She wears a dark T-shirt.D. She has long hair.5. A. The man is apologetic for what happened.C. The man is the husband of the wife.B. The man will replace the table cloth.D. The woman asks the man to keep his word.6. A. The man has it.C. It’s in th e library. B. The woman has it.D. It’s at home.7. A. In the middle of the hall on the first floor.B. In the basement.C. In the middle of the hall on the second floor.D. On the stairs.8. A. It’s opposite the church.C. It’s on the other side of the street. B. It’s quite far away from here.D. It’s side by side with the church.9. A. Sending a letter in the post office.C. Returning some books to the library. B. Cashing a check in the bank.D. Visiting her son’s teacher at school.Section B:Directions: In this section, you will hear 2 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the 4 suggested choices marked A, B, C, and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. Questions 10 to 12 are based on the following passage.10. A. It’s in one time zone.B. It is divided into five time zones.C. It’s divided into twenty-four time zones.D. It cannot be crossed in five days.11. A. You set it ahead one hour in each new time zone.B. You set it ahead one hour for the whole trip.C. You set it back one full day for each time zone.D. You set it ahead by twenty three hours.12. A. The beginning of any new time zone.B. Any point where time changes by one hour.C. The point where a new day begins.D. Any time zone in the Pacific Ocean.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the following passage.13. A. Training interpreters.B. The work of an interpreter.C. The importance of an interpreter.D. The president and his interpreter.14. A. A college degree.B. A good command of the vocabulary of a foreign language.C. An adequate knowledge of at least two languages.D. The ability to make a speech over a loudspeaker.15. A. Most interpreters in the US don’t have steady work.B. 150 interpreters work for the US.C. Full-time interpreters are paid better than part-time ones.D. Full-time interpreters are hired only when there is a special job to do.Section C: 答案填在答题纸上Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from （1）to （5）with the exact words or expressions you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Animals traveling from one country to another have to follow laws, just as people do. They don’t have to have (1)____, but they have to obey other rules. Most countries have laws about animals coming into their country. The laws were made to stop the spread of diseases that animals carry.(2)___ include cats and dogs going with their masters on trips. Others are rare animals going to zoos. Some are birds and fish on their way to pet-shops.Some animals cannot go into a country unless their owners can prove that they have been vaccinated against certain diseases. Others must be (3)___ by animal doctors.Sometimes animals must spend a month or more in a special place before they can enter a country. The animals are (4)___. There, they are kept away from other animals until it is certain that they don not have a disease. Only the people who care for the animals can go near.There are many different laws in each country. Anyone who wants to take a pet to another country should (5)___ with the government first. Laws are made to protect both people and animals.PART II: VocabularyDirections: In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.16．The minister of education recently promised ____ incentive grants to the teachers who intend to reform their teaching methods.A. obviousB. colorfulC. substantialD. resolute17. ____ in the book and reference lending should be given to the doctoral candidates who are to finish their dissertations in their last year’s study.A. PromotionB. PreferenceC. PrecautionD. Priority18. Wealthy people often ____ in winter days to warmer sunnier countries.A. motivateB. migrateC. immigrantD. emigrate19. To join a fitness program, ____ must be within a certain height and weight range.A. votersB. partnersC. designersD. participants20. Some demographers remain ____ about the population growth and stress that population growth is, at any rate in the long term, a good thing.A. subjectiveB. objectiveC. hopelessD. optimistic21. The ____ of undergraduate experience should be assessed by the performance of the graduate in the workplace and further education.A. reactionB. impactC. capabilityD. proficiency22. Citizens are now enjoying better dental health, as shown by the declining ____ of tooth decay.A. consequenceB. traitC. accidentD. incidence23. The major goal of the tourism department is to ____ more people to visit its country at the turn of the century.A. induceB. respectC. reduceD. arouse24. The workers strongly ____ their factory director for neglect of duty.A. indicatedB. demonstratedC. announcedD. denounced25. Having shut himself in his study for a while, he went to a movie to ____ his mind from his worries.A. relaxB. extractC. attractD. distract26. In Japan, by contrast, no single car-producer dominates, and the impetus for ever greaterinnovation and lower prices springs less from international competition than from the intense __________ within Japan itself.A. incentiveB. rivalryC. recessionD. dilemma27. He enjoys his food and wine, but does not allow its enjoyment to __________ the imagewhich is important chiefly to himself, and then to his public.A. distortB. manifestC. glorifyD. squint28. No reason was given for the departure of Rourke at the time, and this only served to__________ speculation.A. intimateB. acquaintC. intensifyD. inspect29. However, he was a writer with a number of plays to his credit, none of them great successesbut all __________ note.A. short ofB. clear ofC. ashamed ofD. worthy of30. Failure to _________ with the regulations can result in a $10,000 fine or a six-month prisonsentence.A. consultB. complyC. coincideD. competePART III. CLOZEDirections: In this part of the test, you’ll read an incomplete passage with10blanks. Read the passage carefully, and choose the best answer from choices marked A, B, C and D. Then on your ANSWER SHEET, find the number of the question and mark your answer with a single line through the center.Today it can be said that wheels run America. The four rubber tires of the automobile move American through work and pay: wheels _31_, and people drive off to their jobs; _32_ turn, and people shop for the week’s food at the big supermarket down the highway; hubcaps whirl, _33_ the whole family spends a day at the lake. Each year more wheels crowd the highways as 10 million new cars roll out of the factories. _34_ every six Americans works at assembling cars, driving trucks, _35_ roads, or pumping gas. America without cars? It’s _36_.But even though the majority of Americans would find _37_ to imagine what life would be like without a car, _38_ have begun to realize that the automobile is a mixed blessing. Traffic accidents are increasing steadily, and large cities are _39_ by traffic congestion. Worst of all, perhaps, is the air pollution caused by the internal-combustion engine. Every car engine _40_hundreds of gallons of fuel each year and pumps hundreds of pounds of carbon monoxide and other gases into the air. These gases are one _41_ of the smog that hangs over large cities. Some of these gase s are poisonous and dangerous to one’s health, especially for someone with a _42_ heart or a respiratory disease.One answer to the problem of air pollution is to build a car that _43_ pollute. That’s what several major automobile manufacturers are trying to do.But building a clean car is _44_ said than done. So far, progress has been slow. Another solution is to eliminate car fume altogether by getting rid of the internal-combustion engine. Inventors are now working on turbine-powered cars, as well as on cars powered by steam and _45_. But most of us won’t be driving cars run on batteries or boiling water for a while yet. Many auto makers believe that it will take years to develop practical models that are powered by electricity or steam.31. A. move B. movingC. spinD. spinning32. A. Cars B. WorkersC. PeopleD. Tires33. A. so B. butC. andD. as34. A. Almost B. AmongC. One inD. One out35. A. build B. builtC. to buildD. building36. A. unthinkable B. possibleC. predictableD. uncertain37. A. hard B. it hardC. possibleD. it possible38. A. some B. fewC. expertsD. car makers39. A. embarrassed B. plaguedC. panickedD. paralyzed40. A. turns B. firesC. burnsD. purchases41. A. type B. resourceC. wayD. source42. A. weak B. kindC. strongD. quick43. A. does not B. preventsC. reducesD. preserves44. A. often B. easierC. hardlyD. no more45. A. gas B. electricityC. turbineD. waterPART IV READING COMPREHENSIONPassage 1In April 1865, when John Wilkes Booth killed Lincoln at Ford’s Theatre, the curtain finally fell on a play that had begun almost as soon as the American colonies gained their independence from England. In 1776, America’s Declaration of Independence declared that “all men are created equal”; 44 years later we were wrestling with a question: how can a nation founded on the idea of individual freedom reconcile itself with the existence of human slavery?In 1819, 22 states were in the Union, 11 Free, 11 Slave. The South’s ec onomy was based on the growing of cotton, and cotton was profitable only on the back s of slaves. As new states were admitted to the Union, the South wanted as many as possible to be slave states, not only to support their economy, but to prevent the North from obtaining a majority in Congress and quite possibly changing the Constitution to outlaw slavery completely. The issue came to a head when Missouri applied to be admitted as a slave state. Thomas Jefferson called the debate that began with Missouri “l ike a fireball in the night, which awakened me and filled me with terror. I considered it at once the knell (丧钟) of the nation.”War was avoided this time as compromise was reached and Missouri would be admitted as a slave state. Maine, the next state admitted to the Union, would be admitted as free, thereby preserving the balance of power in the Congress.By1860，when the new Republican Party nominated Abraham Lincoln for President, compromise would no longer work. Lincoln wanted to contain the spread of slavery. With Lincoln’s election in November of that year, the South felt that it was only a matter of time before the Southern States lost their slim Democratic Party majority to those who wished to abolish slavery. It was in this same year that John Wilkes Booth said that “So deep is my hatred for such men that I wish I had them in my grasp and I the pow er to crush.”Equally passionate, Lincoln held that America was the “Last Best Hope on Earth” for freedom. The United States was unique in the family of nations. Of all the nations in the world, only America was governed by her people. Kings, Queens, Princes or Emperors ruled all the old countries, where rights held by the government and given to the people. In America, rights were held by the people and given to the government. The irony was that the Old World had done away with slavery decades before, yet here the United State, beacon of Freedom – had human bondage (奴役). Lincoln said it himself, “the nation cannot exist half-slave and half-free, it must be all of one thing or all of the other.”46. We learn from the first paragraph that ________ .A. the seeds of the American Civil War were sown when the nation was founded.B. John Wilkes Booth had plotted to kill Lincoln from the moment America gained itsindependenceC. all men in America obtained equal rights with the Declaration of IndependenceD. John Wilkes Booth sh ot Lincoln at the end of a performance in Ford’s Theatre.47. The fundamental conflict between the Union and the South lies in _________ .A. religious faithsB. political beliefsC. economic interestsD. geographic differences48. It can be inferred from the context of Para. 4 that ________ .A. John Wilkes Booth was one of the firebrands of the southB. the Democratic Party was strongly opposed to slaveryC. with the election of Lincoln the South lost its majority in CongressD. the Civil War could have been avoided if Lincoln had not won the election49. What did Lincoln wish to do when he became President of the United States?A. Make compromises.B. Prevent the spread of slavery.C. Strike a balance.D. Get prepared for war.50. In what way was America unique in the family of nations?A. It was the only nation that allowed the existence of slavery.B. It was the only nation that existed half-slave and half-free.C. It was the only nation whose government gave rights to the people.D. It was the only nation whose government was elected by the people.Passage 2Back in 1986, Noble Prize winner David Baltimore authored a paper that said that inserting a special mouse gene into a certain strain of mice caused changes in the host mouse’s antibodies – a finding that promised to be significant for genetic modification of the immune system.A postdoctoral researcher in the lab, Margot O’Toole, found she was unable to reproduce some of the reported results in her own experimental mice. Her attempts to resolve the problem with her immediate boss, Dr. Thereza Imanishi-Kari, led O’Toole to suspect defects or errors in the original research and she made her suspicions public.One thing led to another, and in time, O’Toole found herself in touc h with two researchers at the National Institutes of Health (N.I.H.) Ned Feder and Walter Stewart, who had risen to public prominence in the mid-1980s as fraud-busters. These self-appointed watchdogs took up her cause with eagerness, and the nature of her complaints began to shift from claims of shoddiness to accusations of dishonesty and cover-up.Against a background of public anxiety about fraud in science, the case came before an N.I.H. scientific panel. The press began to portray （描绘）the idealistic O’Toole as a martyr sacrificed by her scientific seniors: it was said, wrongly, that she had lost her job and her home, and had been cold-shouldered by the establishment. The cover letter to a draft report from the N.I.H. committee said Imanishi-Kari was guilty of “serious scientific misconduct” and accused Baltimore of a cover-up. The fact that he had stuck by his co-workers was read as proof of his arrogance and irritation at having his own authority challenged.The crucial time came in 1989 when Representative John Dingell pressed a series of Congressional hearings. A man dedicated to rooting out the misuse of Federal funding, not least by unaccountable scientists, he was handed a gift on a plate when Baltimore lost his cool under questioning, alleging that the investigation represented a threat to scientific freedom and implying that none but scientists had the right to monitor themselves, because they alone could understand how science works. Dingell then launched a humiliation exercise. He brought Secret Service to examine Imanishi-Kari’s lab notebooks in hopes of uncovering after-the-event tampering. The affair took on the air of a scientific Watergate, and science itself seemed to be on trial.This could not have come at a worse moment for Baltimore: he had just taken up a highly prestigious appointment as president of Rockefeller University. A whispering campaign, probably involving jealousies, forced Baltimore’s resignation after just 18 months.If the rise and fall of Baltimore seemed to unfold with all the inevitability of a Greek tragedy, there was, after a fashion, a happy ending. Eventually the pendulum (钟摆) of opinion started to swing. Dingell began to be represented as a latter-day Joseph McCarthy. Imanishi-Kari and Baltimore assumed O’Toole’s role of victim, seen as the targets of a new “Galileo trial” or a witch hunt being carried out by the “science police.” When Imanishi-Kari appealed against the findings, a further scientific review board was convened, and she was officially exonerated of (排除…嫌疑) fabrication. She got tenure, and in 1997 Baltimore, no longer typed as a conceited bigmouth but praised for his loyalty, was appointed president of the California Institute of Technology.51. The story took place when ________ .A. fraud in science was becoming a public concernB. Baltimore’s honesty as a scientist was being questionedC. there was a growing awareness of the misuse of Federal fundsD. genetic modification food seemed feasible52. In this story, O’Toole played the role of ________ .A. a victim of the witch hunt carried out by Representative John DingellB. an involuntary accomplice （同犯，帮凶）unfairly used by the science policeC. an honest researcher who dared to challenge a Nobel Prize winnerD. a martyr sacrificed by the scientific establishment53. What was the fatal mistake Baltimore made?A. He questioned the right of Congressmen to investigate the case.B. He stood by Imanishi-Kari and tried to cover up her misconduct.C. He played into his opponents’ hands when he gave O’Toole the cold shoulder.D. He lost his cool and got irritated when his authority was challenged.54. Judging from the context, Joseph McCarthy was very probably a person who ________ .A. was notorious for starting the investigation of Galileo’s caseB. was a famous character in a Greek tragedy about a witch huntC. used unsupported accusations to obtain his own purposesD. was a man who was suspicious of new scientific discoveries55. It can be inferred from this passage that ________ .A. science police plays an important role in eradicating fraud in scienceB. scientists run great risks in advancing new theories about natureC. politicians have got no right to monitor the work of scientistsD. it is sometimes difficult to tell truth from falsehood in sciencePassage 3Certainly, the concept of a “death with dignity” has become an increasing focus of debate, not the least because of medical progress that has brought about a major increase in the number of retired and aged persons. The issue has generated lots of legislation, much of which confuses rather than clarifies an important question in euthanasia: Who will pull the plug?In general, the laymen’s view of euthanasia is one of “mercy killing,” or active intervention to end life, with little or no concept of the possibility of a passive form.I make no excuses and ask no forgiveness for admitting that I have practiced passive euthanasia for many years. In fact, I gave instructions to the doctor attending my own mother in her last illness that she should receive no antibiotics nor be tube-fed. At that stage, she was in her 98th year, suffering from her third stroke and unconscious with pneumonia.I have never practiced active euthanasia, a deed that in my country is regarded as murder and could merit the death penalty. But I do believe that in the clinical practice of medicine, active euthanasia has a definite place. I also believe that we should not be afraid to discuss its place in the scheme of things and to explore the possibilities in this approach to the terminally ill.I cannot accept the simple statement that a doctor does not have the right to take life; furthermore, I believe the greatest difficulty is to define life. I myself have defined it as joy in living. Given the absence of this quality, the request of the suffering person and the satisfaction of other criteria such as good faith on the part of those caring for the person and the completion of legal requirements, there is no ethical reason why active medical euthanasia may not be administered.Indeed, I have always wondered at the kind of person who would mercifully end the life of a suffering animal, yet would hesitate to extend the same privilege to a fellow human being.As a scientist and a humanitarian, I find society’s attitude toward the different ways of causing the death of an individual both hypocritical and illogical. Consider that, for as long as man has inhabited the earth, he has accepted with few reservations the right to kill and be killed on the battlefield, even when this leads to not only his own but multiple deaths.I have talked to legal, ethical and medical authorities in many parts of the world on the need for active euthanasia. Again and again the same questions came up:Who will decide when a life is to be terminated and how can mistakes be avoided?Would doctors perhaps misuse the right to take life by getting rid of the people they do not like?Does a doctor have the right to play God?If it is feared that a doctor is playing God when he terminates a life, it can just as readily be argued that he is playing the same role when he prolongs the life of a terminally-ill patient. And surely, when the terminally-ill person develops an inter-current infection that will cause death if not treated, are we not also interfering wi th God’s will by instituting treatment and preventing the patient from dying of the infection?56.What is the layman’s understanding of euthanasia?A.Killing somebody out of pity because he is in severe pain.B.Ceasing feeding of the patient.C.Stopping treatment.D.Death with dignity.57.What does the author think of active euthanasia?A. It is a form of human cruelty.B. It should be allowed for the terminally ill.C.It is interference in God’s will.D. It is ethically wrong even if legally permissible.58.Why does t he author say society’s attitude toward the different ways of causing the death ofan individual is both hypocritical and illogical?A. A single death is much dwelled on while multiple deaths go unnoticed.B.Passive euthanasia is overlooked while active euthanasia is penalized.C.Ending the life of a suffering animal is called mercy while doing the same to a human iscalled murder.D.Euthanasia is condemned while killing on the battlefield is accepted without reservation.59.What is the chief problem that may arise in administering euthanasia?A.Abuse of this practice.B.Religious opposition.pletion of legal procedures.D.The defining of life.60.According to the author, in giving treatment to a terminally-ill patient, the doctor is________ .A.doing a disservice to societyB.performing humanitarian obligationsC.increasing his sufferingD.interfering with God’s will, too.PART V TRANSLATIONSection ADirections: Read the following passage in English carefully and translate it into Chinese in the space provided on the ANSWER SHEET.Online FriendshipIn so many ways, cyberspace mirrors the real world. People ask for information, play games, and share hobby tips. Others buy and sell products. Still others look for friendship, or even love. Unlike the real world, however, your knowledge about a person is limited to words on a computer screen. Identity and appearance mean very little in cyberspace. Rather, a person’s thoughts—or at least the thoughts they type—are what really count. So even the shyest person can become a chat room star. Usually, this “faceless” communication doesn’t create problems. Identity doesn’t really matter when you’re in a chat room discussing politics or hobbies. In fact, this emphasis on the ideas themselves makes the Internet a great place for exciting conversation. But some Internet users want more than just someone to chat with. They’re looking for serious love relationships. Some of these relationships actually succeed. Others fail miserably.Section BDirections: Read the following passage in Chinese carefully and translate it into English in the space provided on the ANSWER SHEET.今天我们生活在一个包装了的世界。