研究生英语期末考题-A
河北工业大学研一期末英语考试试题
GENERAL ENGLISH QUALIFYING TEST FOR NON-ENGLISH MAJOR GRADUATE STUDENTS(2011-06)PAPER ONEPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION(25 minutes, 20 points)Section A (1 point each)Directions:In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. Theconversations and the questions will be read ONLY ONCE. Choose the best answerfrom the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single baracross the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. A. Go shopping.B. Go car racing.C. Go to work.D. Go on a trip.2. A. Because she hasn‟t been on line lately.B. Because she has too much work to do.C. Because she is on a vacation.D. Because she has been busy typing.3. A. Go to an emergency exit.B. Enjoy herself in the park.C. Move her van right away.D. Try to find the road sign.4. A. A secretaryB. A salesperson.C. A tennis player.D. A receptionist.5. A. She deserves the promotion.B. She has to transfer to another job site.C. She‟ll pay for the dinner this time.D. She‟ll invite her parents over for a celebration.6. A. She should drop the biochemistry class.B. She should try harder.C. She prefers to learn rocket science.D. He can‟t understand it either.7. A. She totally dislikes it. B. She prefers the old one.C. It may lack practical value.D. It is much better than expected.8. A. 7:00. B. 7:30.C. 9:00.D. 9:30.9. A. She was told about the trip beforehand.B. She was helped to pick up the beans.C. She was so excited that she revealed the news.D. She was not enthusiastic about the trip.Section B ( 1 point each)Directions: In this section you will hear two mini- talks. At the end of each talk, there will be some questions. Both the talks and the questions will be read to you only once. After eachquestion, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answerfrom the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single baracross the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Mini-talk One10. A. High expectations.B. Excellence and value.C. Terror and violence.D. Strength and power.11. A. Attend a sleepover.B. Play a piece of music.C. Watch TV.D. Be in a school play.12. A. Her parenting methods are limited to Chinese families.B. She brought up her daughters with an extreme parenting method.C. Her daughters were given enough time to follow their own interests.D. She had low expectations of her children‟s abilities.Mini-talk Two13. A. 650 million dollars.B. 560 million dollars.C. 40 million dollars.D. 50 million dollars.14. A. Saint Paul.B. Chapel of Love.C. The Nickelodeon Universe.D. Underwater Adventures.15. A. Tasting the delicious food.B. Getting married.C. Visiting a campus.D. Seeing ocean animals.Section C ( 1 point each)Directions: In this section, you will hear a talk. Answer the questions below. You will hear the recording twice. At the end of the talk there will be a 3-minute pause, during whichtime you are asked to write down your answers briefs on the Answer Sheet. You nowhave 25 seconds to read the questions below.16. The first tip on how to reduce your test stress is to use a little stress __________. (3 words)17. Good study __________(3 words) are important to learning effectively and doing well ontests.18. If you find yourself thinking negative thoughts, replace them with __________. (2 words)19. Everyone makes mistakes. Learning to tolerate small __________ (3 words) is a valuable skill.20. Taking care of your health can help keep your mind __________. (4 words)PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )Section A (0.5 point each )Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.21. There used to be many guys who asserted themselves as all-powerful Chi Kung masters inChina.A. conformedB. informedC. affirmedD. performed22. Children from an obscure family have to make greater efforts to climb the social ladder.A. unknownB. prominentC. controversialD. rural23. A permanent job plus a decent salary is what most of these young guys in China hope for.A. nobleB. adequateC. modestD. polite24. These transit workers went on strike in defiance of the relevant union policy.A. in line withB. in return forC. in response toD. in spite of25. This retired scientist takes on leadership roles with nearly every organization she is part of.A. assumesB. opposesC. pretendsD. desires26. Winslow Homer captured the look and spirit of American life with unparalleled eloquence.A. incredibleB. inevitableC. unmatchedD. unnoticed27. Many parents encounter occasions when their child doesn‟t turn in their homeworkassignments.A. participate inB. hand inC. engage inD. invest in28. The two elements of success that are intimately connected are creativity and innovation.A. familiarlyB. approximatelyC. looselyD. closely29. Jonathan Alter once said that admission of guilt tends to breed public sympathy.A. produceB. concealC. evadeD. combat30. Seawater near the Fukushima plant is showing elevated levels of radioactivity in Japan.A. stabilizedB. reducedC. increasedD. saturatedSection B (0.5 point each)Directions:There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the correspondingletter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring AnswerSheet.31. The full impact of the recent tsunami caused by an earthquake in Japan is _____ to predict.A. unlikelyB. impossibleC. unableD. incapable32. A simple blood test may help identify those _____ high risk of dying from heart disease.A. inB. onC. atD. for33. Although US new home sales begin to _____ speed, the rate is still near historical lows.A. turn upB. pick upC. set upD. break up34. It was already dark _____ I got up from my seat and prepared to leave my office.A. by the timeB. since the timeC. until the timeD. during the time35. Health care providers wish to improve their ____ through regular continuing education.A. equivalenceB. competenceC. relevanceD. prevalence36. Auto makers should never ____ the quality of products amid fierce competition.A. bring into playB. make sense ofC. lose sight ofD. end up with37. Mayor Pat Patterson said this new initiative ____ improving parking and pedestrian access.A. involvesB. evolvesC. dissolvesD. resolves38. Many of the foreign friends of the Chinese are _____ at the radical changes in China.A. dismayedB. amazedC. startledD. shocked39. These researchers intend to ____ this research until there is some substantial finding.A. insist onB. call onC. live onD. carry on40. Men and women of all ages can benefit from ____ amounts of daily physical exercise.A. considerateB. desperateC. moderateD. literatePART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Directions:There are 10 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marched A, B, C, or D for each blank inthe passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosenwith a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.What relationship is regarded as good for partners? There is no universal, ideal model __41__ which a relationship can be evaluated. A “good relationship” is one that works for both partners and effectively supports them in achieving their goals. If this is not working at some point, it does not __42__ mean that the couple requires therapy. All relationships tend to encounter problems during __43__ periods and at different stages, and many couples have a good ability __44__ their difficulties without professional help. However, some may find that they are continually unhappy with their relationship. Sometimes one partner feels frustrated and misunderstood __45__ his or her mate is totally unaware of the situation.If the couple are unable to resolve issues in a __46__ that is acceptable to both partners, professional help should be considered. Many couple only consider therapy as a last __47__. It may, however, be helpful at any time. __48__, seeking therapy soon after things get “stuck”prevents a __49__ of frustration and disappointment. The aim of couple therapy is not only to help the couple deal appropriately with immediate problems, but also to achieve better ways of relating __50__.41. A. to B. against C. for D. at42. A. certainly B. definitely C. necessarily D. fundamentally43. A. fictional B. peaceful C. eventual D. stressful44. A. of solving B. to solving C. in solving D. to solve45. A. while B. so C. unless D. where46. A. respect B. manner C. method D. view47. A. resort B. creature C. meal D. beginning48. A. On the contrary B. On one hand C. For example D. First of all49. A. laptop B. jetlag C. takeoff D. buildup50. A. in detail B. in general C. in vain D. in forcePART IV READING COMPREHENSION(45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Directions: In this part of the test, there are five short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then to the questions that follow. Choose the best answer from the four choicesgiven and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracketson your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage OneRemember Farid Seif? Mr Seif is the Houston Iranian-American businessman who mistakenly carried a Glock handgun through security, onto a plane, all the way from Houston to Indianapolis. When he got to his destination and realized his mistake, he alerted security officials. There was reportedly “nothing else” in Mr Seif‟s carry-on besides the weapon. Yet the security screeners at George Bush International, America‟s eighth-busiest airport, missed it entirely. The scariest part of that story was that Transportation Security Administration officials told reporters that this type of incident was “not common.”Now another Texas airport, Dallas-Fort Worth, is providing the point. This week, a high-level TSA source told the local NBC affiliate that “An undercover TSA agent was able to get through security at Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport with a handgun during testing of the enhanced-imaging body scanners.”The TSA insider who blew the whistle on the test also said that none of the TSA agents who failed to spot the gun on the scanned image were disciplined. The source said the agents continue to work the body scanners today.This is not confidence-inspiring. If TSA screeners can‟t even stop guns getting through security, why are they taking away our bottled water? Incidents like this only lend incentives to TSA critics who say the whole airport security apparatus is an enormous waste of time and money. The TSA‟s attitude towards the reporting of these sorts of messes isn‟t helpful, either. They only provided NBC with a brief statement claiming that they don‟t reveal the results of secret testing for “security reasons” and arguing that “advanced imaging technology is an effective tool to detect both metallic and nonmetallic items hidden on passengers.” That‟s pretty much the public affairs equivalent of sticking their fingers in their ears and saying “lalalalala we can‟t hear you!”It is really hard to have an accountable TSA without greater transparency about the results of secret testing. Instead of leaking hints to the press that failure rates have decreased since the last public reports, the TSA should back up its whispering with actual data. If it won‟t, some enterprising congressional committee should order it. “Trust us that this works” just isn‟t cutting it anymore.51. Mr. Seif‟s handgun ________.A. passed the check at the Houston airportB. caused big trouble for himself in HoustonC. was tracked down by officials in IndianapolisD. triggered a series of false alarms in Indianapolis52. What happened at Dallas-Fort Worth ________.A. helped rebuild public confidenceB. was merely an unusual accidentC. caused greater concern over securityD. resulted in unexpected disorder53. After the Dallas-Fort Worth report, TSA ________.A. reluctantly punished the relevant agentsB. allowed the relevant agents to stay in positionC. enhanced security check at relevant airportsD. began to reconsider relevant security methods54. The TSA‟s statement concerning the reported cases shows that they are ________.A. practicalB. uncooperativeC. reliableD. unpredictable55. What‟s the author‟s demand for TSA?A. No more secret testing.B. Promising to be responsible.C. Rapid response to emergency.D. Releasing results with evidence.56. The last sentence of the passage suggests that the author‟s attitude to the TSA is ________.A. appreciativeB. criticalC. tolerantD. indifferentPassage TwoOnce upon a time, staying a healthy weight was easy. To lose weight you simply had to practice the reverse of home economics – spend more than you earned. Unfortunately for many, but perhaps not surprisingly, it turns out that people are rather more complicated than bank accounts.To stay a healthy weight, you need a hormone called leptin to work properly. It sends “I‟m full” messages from the fat cells up to the brain, where they go, among other places, to the same pleasure centers that respond to drugs like cocaine. Obese people produce plenty of leptin, but the brain doesn‟t seem to respond to it properly. Last year, researchers at the Oregon Research Institute scanned the brains of overweight people and found their reward circuits were underactive. They were eating more to try to get the enjoyment they were missing.There‟s a lot of evidence for the fact that most, if not all, of us have a set point around which our weight can vary by about seven to nine kilos, but anything beyond that is a real struggle. Making changes is hard, particularly if your body is working against you. So why not ditch the traditional approaches and try some new methods, based on the latest research, that work with your body rather than against it.Several years ago researchers at the National Institute on Aging in Baltimore reported that when they gave rats very little food one day and allowed to eat plenty the next, they showed virtually all the benefits of a permanent calorie restriction diet. The same goes for humans, according to Dr James Johnson.How does it work? Besides forcing the body to burn fat, it may also trigger hormonal changes. Most people say that the diet takes a bit of getting used to, but is not as grinding as trying to cut back on an everyday basis.How does it work? Besides forcing the body to burn fat, it may also trigger hormonalchanges. Most people say that the diet takes a bit of getting used to, but is not as grinding as trying to cut back on an everyday basis.Older dieters may remember something called brown fat. Unlike the undesirable white stuff, this was a dieter‟s dream. Instead of storing excess energy as fat, brown-fat tissue burned it off to keep you warm – at least in mice. Brown fat fell out of favor because researchers couldn‟t find much in humans but now, thanks to the New England Journal of Medicine, it‟s back in fashion. The idea is to expose people to cold temperatures. They then make more brown fat and their weight drops.57. The last sentence in Paragraph 1 means that people‟s understanding of losing weight _______.A. seems rather unreasonableB. is unnecessarily complicatedC. used to be limitedD. can be partly justified58. According to the findings of the Oregon Research Institute, _________.A. overweight people get less pleasure from eating the same amountB. overweight people enjoy eating more than the others doC. people will become overweight if they eat more than they needD. people are more likely to be overweight if they produce less leptin59. The method used by the National Institute on Aging can be summarized as “______”.A. no diet at allB. diet on a daily basisC. diet every other dayD. diet permanently60. The word “grinding” in the Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to ________.A. effectiveB. realisticC. unreliableD. miserable61. It can be learned that brown fat ________.A. converts excess energy into fatB. works better in warm temperaturesC. burns extra energy to produce heatD. accumulates easily in human bodies62. The author‟s purpose in writing is to ________.A. compare the various ways of cutting caloriesB. recommend new methods of losing weightC. point out the misconceptions of losing weightD. clarity the common myth about weight lossPassage ThreeA study by Dr David Lewis from The University of Sussex, who coined the term “road rage”, found that motorists face a hidden mental health impact from the stresses of driving, while bus travel can produce long-term health benefits.For the experiment, the heart rate and EDR (Electro-Dermal Response) of 30 minutes was measured when taking similar journeys by car and bus. The findings reveal a vast difference in EDR, a form of biophysical measurement that indicates mental stress. The EDR results suggested that taking the car produced significantly more stress than taking the bus, which was 33% less stressful.“EDR can be a hidden stress – it‟s not as visible as intensely nervous driving or audible as road rage. This type of stress can have long-term physiological and emotional implications,” said Dr Lewis, who finds three key factors that increase the stresses of driving a car.Driving in heavy traffic – especially against a deadline – requires a high level of attention. This requires the brain to work especially hard processing a myriad of incoming information and making, often spilt-second, decisions.Congestion and delays can raise blood pressure and physical tension which may manifest itself as …road rage‟, having serious long-term health consequences and causing drivers sometimes to take reckless and foolish decisions. Driving in congested traffic now outweighs any previous benefits car-driving once gave.A sense of frustration of …wasting on e‟s life‟behind the wheel of the car, unable to do anything more productive than casual conversations or listening to the radio. On a bus it is possible to fill the time more profitably by doing some work or reading.He also notes that highly trained, professional bus drivers are skilled in negotiating the challenges of the road, and the relief of trusting someone else to be in charge of the journey is a key part of what makes taking the bus less stressful.He encourages people to get out of their cars and on to the bus for trips where it makes sense – such as shopping in town or heading to a restaurant – so that you don‟t need to battle traffic or find parking. Switching simple journeys can help achieve the goal of taking a billion car journeys off the road. All it will take is everyone shifting around a trip a month.63. The finding of the study mentioned in this passage is that _______.A. cars cause more traffic accidents than busesB. driving a car is more stressful than taking a busC. high blood pressure is harmful to human healthD. car driving is accompanied by many distractions64. The term “road rage” probably refers to ________.A. the sudden heart attack that drivers suffer fromB. the explosive outbursts of anger shown by motoristsC. traffic accidents arising from bad-tempered driversD. the panic caused by traffic congestion65. All of the following are considered a source of stress during car driving EXCEPT _______.A. heavy trafficB. traffic jamsC. unfamiliar roadsD. a sense of waste of time66. One of the advantages of a bus ride is that _______.A. you can do something productive on the roadB. there is no fear of taking the wrong roadC. no passenger suffers from high blood pressureD. you can get to your destination quickly67. This passage is intended to ______.A. urge the public to stop using cars altogetherB. advise people to take a bus instead of a car when possibleC. tell people how to ward off stress while driving a carD. highlight the causes of stress in a city58. Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage?A. Car driving: a demanding but exciting jobB. Traffic jams: a source of diseases and conflictsC. Road rage: a frequent occurrence on the wayD. Bus travel: one third less stressful than the carPassage FourThe term “g” (general intelligence) represents a measure of overall cognitive ability across a variety of tests. It‟s not the same as IQ but it does tend to correlate. Everyone agrees that “g” tends to run in families. But is this down to genetics or to environmental influences?However, no single gene has yet been conclusively linked to intelligence. Rather it appears to be a case of complex interactions on many levels between many different genes.Identical twins have exactly the same genes, while non-identical twins share about half their genes. Another feature of twins that makes them an ideal choice for studies is that they tend to be raised in pretty much the same environment. If a particular feature is the same in identical twins, but not in non-identical twins, then chances are it‟s mainly genes that are controlling than feature.So what do the twin studies show? Well, first degree relatives tend to have “g” correlation of about 0.4-0.5. (Perfect correlation is 1; correlation of 0 means that the 2 things in question are totally unrelated). Identical twins have a correlation of 0.85, while for non-identical twins it‟s about 0.6. Which suggests that genes play a very important role, but are not the only factor, since if they were, the correlation between identical twins would be 1.Identical twins reared apart are almost as similar in “g”scores are those reared together. Adopted children and their adoptive parents have a “g” correlation of zero, while adopted children and their biological parents tend to have the same correlations as any parent-child pair. So although genes don‟t seem to be the only thing affecting intelligence, their effects seem to be constant and apparently not overridden by environment.Does heritability of intelligence alter over a lifetime? Remarkably, it appears so. “g”heritability climbs gradually from 20% in babies to 40% in children, peaking at 60% in adults. Why this should be is still a matter of speculation. It‟s been suggested that as our cognitive abilities become more complex, new genes may come into play that were not needed when brain functions were less sophisticated. Or individuals may be drawn towards environments that fit with their genetic makeup, as time goes by and genetic effects that started out small in childhood build up together during adulthood.69. All of the following statements about “g” are true EXCEPT _______.A. “g” is to some extent inheritedB. “g” correlates with IQC. “g” can be attributed to a single geneD. “g” is a measure of cognitive ability70. Identical twins are chosen as the subjects of the study because ______.A. they have the same genes and live in the same environmentB. they have some genes linked to general intelligenceC. they have the same heritability of intelligenceD. they are alike in everything except for intelligence71. The studies on twins‟ general intelligence show that _______.A. nothing but genes can determine “g”B. genes play an important role in “g”C. the correlation between identical twins is 1D. identical twins are more intelligent72. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that ______.A. environment plays a more important role in “g” than genesB. an adopted child can become as clever as the step-parentsC. “g” changes with the living environmentD. parenting has less effect on one‟s “g” than genes.73. It can be concluded from the passage that ______.A. It is easy to identify what determines our intelligenceB. genes are a more important determinant of “g” than environmentC. identical twins have exactly the same IQD. IQ depends more on environment than on genes74. It seems that heritability of intelligence _______.A. has been clearly explainedB. declines as we grow upB. increase with our age D. remained unchanged all our lifePassage FiveI was born on the last day of February. I‟ve always felt sorry for February, squeezed between the big months of January (named for the Roman god Janus, keeper of gateway) and March (after Mars, the god of war).The first Roman calendar, legend has it, had 10 months and no February. Beginning at the vernal equinox (春分) with March, it ended with December. In an agricultural society, winter was of little importance, and thus went undivided.January and February were added about 700 B.C. by the second king of Rome, Numa Pompilius. He made all the months 29 or 31 days, but shortened February, the last month of the year, by giving it only 28.By the time of Julius Caesar, the calendar was three months out of sync with the solar year. This prompted Caesar to announce a new calendar in 46 B.C. Although there is some dispute –some historians say Caesar gave February 29 days – most believe his calendar preserved a 28-day February (with 29 days only on a leap year).Next, it was the church‟s turn. In 1582 Pope Gregory XIII declared a new calendar in Europe. Many changes were made, but the Pope passed up yet another chance to grant February equality with the other months.It‟s messy, even dangerous, changing how we measure time, but Pope Gregory was hardly the last one to try. The League of Nations received over 150 new calendar designs, and the United Nations has considered more proposals since. Just to name a few, there‟s the 30x11 Calendar (which supersizes December to 35 or 36 days) and the Kluznickian Calendar (which adds the month of Aten, after an Egyptian sun god). Each proposal involves something that supposedly modernizes the calendar.But I have a simpler proposal that won‟t lead to chaos, and will correct the historical injustices against February: move the last day of January and the last day of March into February to make it a normal month with 30 days, and a respectable 31 on leap years. This would not add or subtract a single day from the calendar year.As an added benefit, making this first three months of the year each 30 days would bring them into closer alignment with the lunar cycle. It‟s a great idea. And unlike Julius and Augustus, I won‟t even demand a month named in my honor.75. It is said that in the first Roman Calendar, ________.。
03研究生英语水平测试A卷(含答案)
English Qualification Examination PaperFor the Postgraduates of Information Engineering UniversityPaper OnePart I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes, 25 points)Section 1:Directions: In this section, you are going to listen to an IT professional discussing the dangers of the internet. Before you listen, look at questions one to ten. The conversation will be read only once.Questions 1--7Complete the table below. Write no more than three words for each answer.Questions 8--10Choose the correct letters A-C.8. What do email service providers do to protect you?A. issue expensive phone billsB. provide filter functionsC. provide an identity9. How do offenders avoid detection?A. They take a lot from many people.B. They take a little from one person.C. They take a little from many people.10. Who can you seek for assistance?A. the victimsB. institutions and organizationsC. an internet officeSection 2: PassagesDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.Passage 111. A. How babies differentiate between the sound of the human voice and other sounds.B. The differences between a baby’s and an adult’s ability to comprehend language.C. How babies perceive and respond to the human voice in their early stages of languagedevelopment.D. The response of a baby to sounds other than the human voice.12. A. To contrast the reactions of babies to human and nonhuman sounds.B. To give examples of sounds that will cause a baby to cry.C. To explain how babies distinguish between different nonhuman sounds.D. To give examples of typical toys that babies do not like.13. A. Babies who are exposed to more than one language can acquire language earlier than thoseto a single language.B. Mothers from different cultures speak to their babies in a similar way.C. The mothers observed by the researchers were consciously teaching their babies to speak.D. Babies ignore facial expressions in comprehending their parents’ language.14. A. They understand the rhythm.B. They enjoy the sounds of them.C. They can remember them easily.D. They focus on their parents’ work.Passage 215. A. The new system the immigration office hasB. The tips for applicants to line upC. The information immigrants have to provideD. The procedure applicants have to obey16. A. They are scared of the thieves.B. They are more careful than before.C. They are afraid of being sent back home.D. There are no thieves now.17. A. They start lining up outside the building at 6:00 p.m.B. They can finish their application in an hour.C. They have to make an appointment 15 minutes before.D. 40 applicants can be processed in an hour.Passage 318. A. It won’t have any side-effectB. It can be as effective as conventional treatmentsC. It can kill drug-resistant tumoursD. It can stop cancer cells from spreading in the body19. A. How to strengthen the body’s immune systemB. How to inject viruses directly into tumoursC. How to allow viruses to do what chemotherapy drugs doD. How to find a way to deliver viruses to tumours effectively20. A. To use it to cure 75% of the patients with malignant cancersB. To apply it to treat all kinds of cancersC. To make it accepted by the patients with incurable cancersD. To apply it to those with secondary cancersSection 3: Compound DictationDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.From a personal 21. _______, to doing searches on the Internet, to the autopilot function, simple artificial intelligence, or AI, has been around for some time, but is quickly getting more 22. _______ and more intelligent.“If we are going to make systems that are going to be more intelligent than us, it’s absolutely essential for us to understand how to absolutely 23. _______ that they only do things that we are happy with.”Computer science professor Stuart Russell says, many present-day jobs that are labor 24. _______, or require data analysis, such as in the financial industry, will be replaced by machines with artificial intelligence.“But if we replaced all the jobs that require human physical labor and then we replace all the jobs that require human mental labor, then you have to ask about what, what’s left?”Guruduth Banavar of IBM sees a future in which new jobs skills will be 25. _______.“The future will require everybody to work with these learning reasoning machines. So I think the skill set for many of these jobs will end up being different in the future.”Russell envisions that AI will change the economy and the 26. _______life.“Most people will be employed, possibly even self-employed, in providing 27. _______ personal services to other human beings, that we won’t have mass employment in manufacturing or in financial services. The kinds of scenarios where there is a giant factory or a giant office building with thousands of people doing the same thing will go away.”Artificial intelligence is already transforming the health care industry. AI can process huge 28. _______ data and have the most up-to-date research to help doctors diagnose and treat patients. IBM’s Watson 29. _______________________________________________________ in North and South America, Europe and Asia.“The difference between going to a doctor who has Wats on versus not having Watson is very big, because when you go to a doctor today you might find somebody who is 10 years out of date.”But there is also a dangerous side of artificial intelligence-autonomous weapons out of drone technology .“The risk with a utonomous weapons is that people will use them as a kind of poor man’s weapon of mass destruction-a poor man’s nuclear weapon.”Russell says 30. _______________________________________________ to ban this type of weapon.“It is a race against time because the weapons are starting to emerge, the research is moving into development, development is moving into production.”While it is up for debate whether artificial intelligence will hurt or benefit mankind, researchers say, it is a fact that 31. __________________________________________________ many aspects of life.Part II Reading Comprehension (25 minutes, 15 points)AI-spyARTIFICIAL intelligence (AI) is barging its way into business. As our special report this week explains, firms of all types are harnessing AI to forecast demand, hire workers and deal with customers. In 2017 companies spent around $22bn on AI related mergers and acquisitions, about 26 times more than in 2015. The McKinsey Global Institute, a think-tank, reckons that just applying AI to marketing, sales and supply chains could create economic value, including profits and efficiencies, of $2.7trn over the next 20 years. Google’s boss has gone so far as to declare that AI will do more for humanity than fire or electricity.Such forecasts kindle anxiety as well as hope. Many fret that AI could destroy jobs faster than it creates them. Barriers to entry from owning and generating data could lead to a handful of dominant firms in every industry.Less familiar, but just as important, is how AI will transform the workplace. Using AI, managers can gain extraordinary control over their employees. Amazon has patented a wristband that tracks the hand movements of warehouse workers and uses vibrations to make them more efficient. Workday, a software firm, sums up around 60 factors to predict which employees will leave. Humanyze, a startup, sells smart ID cards that can track employees around the office and reveal how well they interact with colleagues.Surveillance at work is nothing new. Factory workers have long clocked in and out; bosses can already see what idle workers do on their computers. But AI makes surveillance worthwhile, because every bit of data is potentially valuable. Few laws govern how data are collected at work, and many employees unguardedly consent to surveillance when they sign their employment contract. Where does all this lead?Start with the benefits. AI ought to improve productivity. Slack, a workplace messaging app, helps managers assess how quickly employees accomplish tasks. Companies will see when workers are not just dozing off but also misbehaving.Employees will gain, too. Thanks to strides in computer vision, AI can check that workers are wearing safety gear and that no one has been harmed on the factory floor. Some will appreciate more feedback on their work and welcome a sense of how to do better.Machines can help ensure that pay rises and promotions go to those who deserve them. That starts with hiring. People often have biases but algorithms, if designed correctly, can be more impartial. Software can mark patterns that people might miss. Textio, a startup that uses AI to improve job descriptions, has found that women are likelier to respond to a job that mentions “developing” a team rather than “managing” one. Algor ithms will pick up differences in pay between genders and races, as well as sexual harassment and racism that human managers consciously or unconsciously overlook.Yet AI’s benefits will come with many potential drawbacks. Algorithms may not be free of the biases of their programmers. They can also have unintended consequences. The length of a commute may predict whether an employee will quit a job, but this focus may inadvertently harm poorer applicants. Older staff might work more slowly than younger ones and could risk losing their positions if all AI looks for is productivity.And surveillance may make us feel being controlled. People have begun to question how much Facebook and other tech giants know about their private lives. Companies are starting to monitor how much time employees spend on breaks. Veriato, a software firm, goes so far as to track and log every keystroke employees make on their computers in order to judge how committed they are to their company. Firms can use AI to sift through not just employ ees’ professional communications but their social-media profiles, too.Some people are better placed than others to stop employers going too far. If your skills are in demand, you are more likely to be able to resist than if you are easy to replace. Paid-by-the-hour workers in low-wage industries such as retailing will be especially vulnerable. That could fuel a revival of labour unions seeking to represent employees’ interests and to set norms. Even then, the choice in some jobs will be between being replaced by a robot or being treated like one.As regulators and employers weigh the pros and cons of AI in the workplace, three principles ought to guide its spread. First, data should be anonymised where possible. Microsoft, for example, has a product that shows individuals how they manage their time in the office, but gives managers information only in aggregated form. Second, the use of AI ought to be transparent. Employees should be told what technologies are being used in their work places and which data are being gathered. As a matter of routine, algorithms used by firms to hire, fire and promote should be tested for bias and unintended consequences. Last, countries should let individuals request their own data, whether they are ex-workers wishing to contest a dismissal or jobseekers hoping to demonstrate their ability to prospective employers.The march of AI into the workplace calls for trade-offs between privacy and performance. A fairer, more productive workforce is a prize worth having, but not if it restricts and dehumanizes employees. Striking a balance will require thought, a willingness for both employers and employees to adapt, and a strong dose of humanity.Section A: Questions 32-36 (5×1=5 points)Directions: Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? In blanks 32-36 on your answer sheet, chooseA for TRUE if the statement agrees with the information.B for FALSE if the statement contradicts the information.C for NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this.32.Google’s boss has gone too far to declare that AI will do more for humanity than fi re orelectricity.33.People are worried that with the development of AI, every industry will be controlled by onlya few companies because obstacles exist in owning and generating data.34.Many employees disagree with the surveillance when they sign their employment contract.35.Algorithms, if designed correctly, can entirely avoid biases in workplace.bour unions seeking to represent employe es’ inte rests oppose the application of AI inworkplace.Section B: Questions 37-44 (8×1=8 points)Directions: Complete the summary below. Write ONE WORD ONL Y from the passage for each blank. Write your answers in blanks 37-44 on your answer sheet.37.Predictions on AI brought us not only _______, but also hope.38.__________ at work has existed for a long time. For example, time recorders are widely usedin factories and offices; workers are observed by their bosses on computers.39.Machines can help ensure _________ in pay rises and promotions if algorithms are designedcorrectly.40.If your skills are not in demand, you will be especially _________, and are less likely to beable to resist the surveillance.41.In ________ the pros and cons of AI in the workplace, three principles ought to be consideredto guide its spread.42.To keep personal privacy, data should be __________ where possible.43.Individuals should be allowed to _______ their own data, no matter they are ex-workers orjobseekers.44.The application of AI in the workplace calls for a _________ between privacy and efficiency.Section C: Question 45 (2 points)Directions: Paraphrase the following sentence. Write your answer in the blank 45 on your answer sheet.45. The choice in some jobs will be between being replaced by a robot or being treated like one.______________________________________________________________________________ ———————————————————————————————————————Part III. Translation (40 minutes, 20 points)Section A (20 minutes, 10 points)46.Directions: Translate the following paragraph into Chinese. Write your Chinese version on the Answer Sheet.A claim more often made by mathematicians is that mathematics is one of the finest flowerings of the human spirit, a temple of enduring knowledge built piece by piece over the ages. But if so it is a temple with few worshipers, unknown to most of humankind. Mathematics plays no role in mass culture, it cannot evoke the emotions and inspire the awe that music and sculpture do, it is not a significant companion in the lives of more than a very few. And yet it is worth asking whether mathematics is essentially remote, or merely poorly communicated. Perhaps it is a remediable ignorance, not an inability that now limits appreciation and enjoyment of mathematics by a wider audience.Section B(20 minutes, 10 points)47.Directions: Translate the following paragraph into English. Write your English version on the Answer Sheet.物联网是由物理对象，例如：设备、车辆和建筑等等，连接而成的网络。
研究生英语期末考试1
ENGLISH PROFICIENCY EXAMFOR NON-ENGLISH MAJOR POSTGRADUATE STUDENTSJan. 5th, 2012PART 1: Vocabulary (20%)Directions: In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1.Mutual endeavor has shaped our world, and mutualism, the belief that individual andcollective well-being is obtainable only by mutual dependence, ______ family life, relationships and society.A. underpinsB. overstatesC. underlinesD. overcomes2. A man of original power can never be ______ within the limits of a single field of interestand activity, nor can he ever be content to bear the marks and use the skill of a single occupation.A. locatedB. liberatedC. committedD. confined3.As a result of technological convergence and progress in digitization, the laboratories ofcomputer technology and consumer electronics firms are ______ in the race for innovation and sophistication.A. searchingB. competingC. interveningD. absorbing4.The degree in which a man ______ his work and gives it the quality of his own mind andspirit is the measure of his success in giving his nature free and full expression.A. demolishesB. standardizesC. individualizesD. abolishes5.In common with other developed economies, Britain has advocated the creation of ahigh-skilled, high-waged economy by ______ the education and skills of its workforce.A. renewingB. overthrowingC. decreasingD. upgrading6.No one on the planet is going to escape the effects of global warming, and for billions theresulting environmental deterioration is going to make life ______ more difficult.A. considerablyB. terminallyC. originallyD. regularly7.Digital television will enable users to access a wide range of new services, such aspay-per-view TV, the downloading of video games or software, or channels ______ in sports or teleshopping.A. interferingB. specializingC. participatingD. consisting8.Earthquakes are immensely destructive, mainly because most cities in regions of highseismic risk are dominated by buildings that are simply not built well enough to ______ the severe ground shaking of a major quake.A. sustainB. withstandC. guaranteeD. inspect9.By giving students access to a new world of information, sparking creativity, and ______rich communication and collaboration across vast distances, computers have long been a powerful tool for education.A. preventingB. disruptingC. facilitatingD. manipulating10.While more and more women are ______ roles as managers, a new study reveals that thesewomen are increasingly turning to the stereotypically more 'male' traits, such as aggression, to get results.A. definingB. assumingC. regardingD. interpreting11.The potential negative effects of violent video games on adolescent antisocial behavior, andyouth violence ______, is a highly debated issue, both in academic circles and among the general public and policy makers.A. on averageB. on purposeC. in particularD. in advance12. A new digital watermarking system not only protects music and media files from onlinepirates but also ensures that the quality for ______ users is as good as it gets.A. unauthorizedB. temporaryC. malicious恶意的故意的D. legitimate13.There is relatively little ______ of opinion and scholarship about whether generationaldifferences exist that are worth taking into consideration in the workplace, colleges, and universities, and other contexts.A. permissionB. minorityC. absenceD. consensus14.Young people‟s worlds have changed in a variety of ways, many of which have a ______ onthe sort of education and training that they demand.A. contactB. bearingC. leadD. stake15.Nowadays graduates in the labor market are expected to be flexible, to direct and steer theirown work as well as that of others, to take responsibility and to mould jobs to make best use of their ______ in the global market economy.A. expectationsB. blundersC. competenciesD. defects16.No gene ration is more at ease with online, collaborative technologies than today‟s youngpeople—“digital natives”, who have grown up in a/n ______ computing environment.A. immersive拟真的B. emergentC. hostileD. rural17.Whereas university research and development departments may once have been the primaryarena for testing new tools and theories, the survey data reveal that corporations now have the ______ in adopting new innovations.A. rightB. edgeC. controlD. license18.Access to technology in school is particularly important ______ increasing disparities intechnology access outside of school.A. in tune withB. in line withC. in need ofD. in light of19.Taking an international overview on anything, in this case the out-of-school education of thegifted and talented, offers ______ which can sometimes cut right across anyone‟s cultural assumptions.A. perspectivesB. prosecutionsC. obligationsD. objections20.Obesity is a national health crisis and if current trends continue, it will soon ______ smokingin the U.S. as the biggest single factor in early death, reduced quality of life and added health care costs.A. distinguishB. modifyC. imitateD. surpassPART 2: Cloze (15%)Directions: In this part of the test, you‟ll read an incomplete passage with 15 blanks. Read the passage carefully, and choose the best answer from choices marked A, B, C and D. Then on your ANSWER SHEET, find the number of the question and mark your answer with a single line through the center.One of the greatest assets a manager can have is a happy and satisfied team of employees. However, building such a team is a __21__. Unless you‟re in senior management, you may be limited __22__ the amount of compensation or the promotion opportunities you can provide to your employees. Fortuna tely, these aren‟t the only factors that influence employee job satisfaction, or __23__ the most important.Providing tangible proof to your employees that their efforts are recognized, while often __24__ as secondary to other factors, is still very important. Reasonable employees willunderstand that wage increases do have their limits, __25__ they expect to be adequately compensated. However, other types of incentives, such as bonuses or prizes for the __26__ achievers in key performance categories, can be just as effective.It is crucial that both increases and other monetary incentives be performance __27__. Employees should always receive greater rewards and more recognition when they are giving a higher quality of work. __28__ being fair, of course, it also sends the message that the organization values and recognizes those who __29__ their jobs instead of just doing the bare minimum.The culture and the work environment factor highly into employee job satisfaction. Employees who enjoy being around their coworkers and respect their management team are more __30__ to stay in a job when they agree with the company‟s goals and values.Another major __31__ to job satisfaction is how the employee feels about their role and responsibilities. Studies show __32__ those surveyed about their level of job satisfaction have cited factors such as the desire for __ 33__ in their work, having a variety of tasks to __34__, being properly trained and equipped to do their jobs, and having work that is challenging and requires thought and creativity. Employees looking to __35__ a company will have an interest in their personal development and opportunities for advancement as well.Above all, employees want to feel that both they and their work are valued and appreciated by the company.21. A. blessing B. handicapC. challengeD. failure22 A. in favor of B. in terms ofC. on behalf ofD. on top of23. A. necessarily B. viciouslyC. accuratelyD. collectively24. A. to rank B. being ranked25. C. rankedA. thereforeC. otherwiseD. ranksB. unlessD. but26. A. top B. bottomC. lowD. peak27. A. driving B. driven28. C. countingA. In addition toC. With regard toD. countedB. Regardless ofD. For the sake of29. A. specialize in B. excel atC. draw onD. ward off30. A. subject B. likelyC. contraryD. loyal31. A. advantage B. obstacleC. responseD. contributor32. A. that B. howC. whenD. whether33 A. authorship B. automationC. autonomyD. authority34. A. adopt B. undergoC. performD. supply35. A. depart fromC. interfere in B. confine toD. stay withPart 3: Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions: In this part of the test, there are 4 passages. After each passage there are 5 questions or unfinished statements followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that can best answer the question or complete the statement, and then on your ANSWER SHEET, find the number of the question and mark your answer with a single line through the center.Passage 1It seems only natural that happiness should flow from having more money. Even if they don‟t admit it, people still behave as though it were true. More money means you can have what you want and do what you want. The house you dream of? It‟s yours. The new car you desire? Here are the keys. The freedom to enjoy your favorite pastimes? Here‟s your racket, the court is down there, just past the pool.So the puzzle is this: why do social scientists consistently find only moderate relationships between having more money and being happy? Some have even suggested that this moderate connection might be exaggerated. In reality money might have very little to do with happiness at all. Most puzzling, though, is that people often seem aware at some level that money won‟t make them happy. And yet they continue to work away earning money they don‟t objectively need.First, though, let's look at the three reasons money doesn‟t make us happy:It‟s relative income that‟s important. As I‟ve noted previously, money is relative. It turns out we don‟t mind so much about our actual level of income, so long as we‟re earning more than other people around us. Unfortunately as we earn more money we‟re likely to be surrounded by richer people so we often end up failing to take advantage of the positive comparison.Material goods don‟t make us happy. Acquiring things like houses and cars only have a transient effect on happiness. People‟s desires for material possessions crank up at the same, or greater rate, than their salaries. Again, this means that despite considerably more luxurious possessions, people end up no happier. There‟s even evidence that materialism make us lesshappy.People don‟t shift to enjoyable activities when they are rich. This may be because of …the focusing illusion‟. When people think about earning more money they probably imagine they would use the money on recreational activities. In fact, to earn the money, they have to spend more time at work, and commuting to and from work.These three reasons naturally raise the question of why psychological findings are so out of step with people‟s everyday experience. Surely if money doesn‟t lead to happiness, most people would have worked that out by now. So why do people still chase the mighty dollar/pound/yen like their lives depended on it?Nobel-prize winning psychologist Daniel Kahneman and colleagues put forward the idea that the reason people continue to think money makes them happier is that chasing it leads to conventional achievements. Conventional achievements include things like getting that coveted promotion or being able to afford that big house - in other words things that say loud and clear: hear I am and this is what I can do.So we end up with this: money doesn't make us happy on a day-to-day basis. Acquiring money and status makes us feel satisfied with life. Through the …focusing illusion‟ we convince ourselves that satisfaction equals happiness. Unfortunately it doesn‟t. Even though we appear to have everything, we are left feeling that something is missing, but are unable to identify what that thing is. That thing is simply this: feeling happy. Right now. In the moment.36. What do social scientists find about money and happiness?A.Money is the final goal of people pursuing happiness.B.Happiness largely depends on the amount of money.C.More money does not necessarily make people happy.D.Money counts most in people‟s feeling of happiness.37. According to the passage, which of the following confuses the author most?A.The scientific findings fail to explain people‟s obsession with pursuing money andhappiness.B.Although happiness loosely correlates with money, people still paradoxically crave forearning more.C.Social scientists cannot reach an agreement on their findings as to the importance ofmoney.D.Awareness of causal relationship between money and happiness weakens people‟sdesire to make money.38. According to the passage, people _____.A.care a lot about their actual level of incomeB.are convinced that people around them earn higher incomepare their income with that of higher earnersD.feel contented when they earn more than others39. Material goods don‟t make us happy because _____.A.we need something permanent to feel happyB.we need psychological and spiritual satisfactionC.people in pursuit of money are despised in societyD.the more money we have, the more we desire40. If money brings little happiness, why do people still chase money?A.Because money and wealth gratify people‟s vanity.B.Because money is the only way to measure people‟s achievement.C.Because people use money to show off their success and social status.D.Because people believe money brings things that reflect their accomplishments.Passage 2As Wal-Mart grew into the world‟s largest retailer, its staff were subjected to a long list of dos and don‟ts covering every aspect of their work. Now the firm has decided that its rules-based culture is too inflexible to cope with the challenges of globalization and technological change, and is trying to instill a “values-based” culture, in whic h employees can be trusted to do the right thing because they know what the firm stands for.“Values” is the latest hot topic in management thinking. PepsiCo has started preaching a creed of “performance with purpose”. Chevron, an oil firm, brands itself as a purveyor of “human energy”, though presumably it does not really want you to travel by rickshaw(人力车). Nearly every big firm claims to be building a more caring and ethical culture.A new study suggests there is less to this than it says on the label. Commissioned by Dov Seidman, boss of LRN, a firm that advises on corporate culture, and author of “How”, a book arguing that the way firms do business matters as much as what they do, and conducted by the Boston Research Group, the “National Governance, Culture and Leadership Assessment” is based on a survey of thousands of American employees, from every rung of the corporate ladder.It found that 43% of those surveyed described their company‟s culture as based on command-and-control, top-down management or leadership by coercion—what Mr. Seidman calls “blind obedience”. The largest category, 54%, saw their employer‟s culture as top-down, but with skilled leadership, lots of rules and a mix of carrots and sticks, which Mr. Seidman calls “informed acquiescence(默许)”. Only 3% fell into the category of “self-governance”, in which everyone is guided by a “set of core principles and values that inspire everyone to align around a company‟s mission”.The study found evidence that such differences matter. Nearly half of those in blind-obedience companies said they had observed unethical behavior in the previous year, compared with around a quarter in the other sorts of firms. Yet only a quarter of those in the blind-obedience firms said they were likely to blow the whistle, compared with over 90% inself-governing firms. Lack of trust may inhibit innovation, too. More than 90% of employees in self-governing firms, and two-thirds in the informed-acquiescence category, agreed that “good ideas are readily adopted by my company”. At blind-obedience firms, fewer than one in five did.Tragicomically (悲喜交加), the study found that bosses often believe their own guff (胡扯), even if their subordinates do not. Bosses are eight times more likely than the average to believe that their organization is self-governing. (The cheery folk in human resources are also much more optimistic than other employees.) Some 27% of bosses believe their employees are inspired by their firm. Alas, only 4% of employees agree. Likewise, 41% of bosses say their firm rewards performance based on values rather than merely on financial results. Only 14% of employees swallow this.41. We can infer that “human energy” in the second paragraph refers to _____.A. a method of generating electricityB.an advanced means of transportationC. a strategy of personnel managementD. a method of evaluating corporate profits42. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?A.Most of the big firms in the US imposed rigid rules on their employees.B.Wal-Mart credits its market dominance to its value-based culture.C.The study shows that big firms haven‟t yet built a more caring culture as they say.D.The survey by the Boston Research Group limits its subjects to senior employees.43. Which of the following situations can be classified as “self-governance”?A.Employees hold the most stock shares of a company.B.The labor union has the paramount power in a company.C.Employees willingly do the right thing under the same values.D.Employees are rewarded based on their skills and performance.44. The biggest difference between a blind-obedience company and a self-governance companyis ____.A.the adoption of good ideasB.the occurrence of unethical behaviorC.the cases of blowing the whistleD.the level of productivity45. The main purpose of this passage is to show _____.A.employers and employees usually don‟t feel the same about the corporate cultureB.employers should trust and respect their employeesC.self-governing companies enjoy more advantages than the other two types of companiesD.there is still a long way for companies to truly build a value-based culturePassage 3“To be rooted is perhaps the most important and least recognized need of the human soul,” Simone Weil argued in the mid-twentieth century. Even our virtual playgrounds pay homage to the deeply felt need for place: MySpace was, until recently, called “a place for friends”; Second Life mimics real-life places with its homes, offices, and restaurants. What is different about mobile playgrounds is that mobile devices force real life and virtual life (and real places and virtual places) to try to coexist in a way they never have before.We want to see this as a good, enabling thing — I can fire off that e-mail to the office and then get back to relaxing on my vacation! — but it is instructive to go to a playground today: even on a weekend, you will see parents engrossed in their iPhones and BlackBerrys while their children make increasingly loud bids for their attention. The November 2, 2009 cover of The New Yorker sadly and beautifully satirized this trend: it shows an illustration of children out trick-or-treating, basked in the glow of houselights, while their parents bask in the glow of the smart-phones in which they are rapt(全神贯注的). Even our leisure time, it seems, has been colonized by our need to stay connected —and it is a constant struggle to set limits on our engagement with the virtual world so that we can attend to the real one in front of us.And when we decide to leave home entirely, we find it difficult to leave the demands of work behind. Consider the cruise ship industry: every year, more than three million people board a Carnival Cruise ship to take a vacation. They spend a great deal of time eating — and gambling — and then eating some more. The perpetual buffets that have long been a staple of the cruise ship lifestyle cater to one kind of hunger; Carnival now caters to another —one that seems counterintuitive in vacationers eager to get away from it all: staying connected. With their twenty-four-hour Internet cafés, onboard WiFi, and an advertising campaign that features bikini-clad patrons lounging on deck chairs with laptop computers, Carnival Cruise Lines has enthusiastically responded to the demands of patrons who seek an ideal of maritime escape but still want to check their e-mail several times a day.This, too, is the strange new world of leisure: never disconnected, and never really free from the demands of daily life. Notwithstanding all the talk of mobility, we find ourselves tethered in novel ways —not to a hometown, or to a particular social background, but to our devices themselves and the feeling of connection they provide, which we seemingly cannot sit still without.46.According to the first paragraph, what can we learn about MySpace and Second Life?A.They function as real life venues for entertainment.B.They deserve credit for reflecting the human soul.C.As virtual playgrounds, they resemble reality in terms of place.D.Through mobile devices, they represent engagement with society.47.When saying it is instructive to go to a playground today, the author means that ____.A.people‟s indulgence in staying connected can be witnessed thereB.playgrounds are the places for parents and children to spend time togetherC.responsible parents are supposed to engage their children with outdoor activitiesD.smart phones are the culprit for the poor relations between parents and children48.The following statements are TRUE except ____.A.people vacationing on Carnival Cruise ships have access to the Internet todayB.eating and gambling are the exclusive things people can enjoy on cruise shipsC.Carnival Cruise Lines cater to vacationers‟ demands to stay in contact with othersD.people‟s desire to remain connected makes it difficult for them to escape from work49.The word “tethered” in Line 2 of the last paragraph probably means ____.A.disconnectedB. confinedC. immuneD. indifferent50.This passage is intended to ____.A.analyze the various reasons for humans to settle downB.advocate the necessity of virtual connection in leisure timeC.enumerate the enormous benefits of mobile devices for work and lifeD.highlight the transformation of mobility through ubiquitous connectionPassage 4State environmental officials are proposing a new set of rules that would give automobile manufacturers three years to start selling zero-emission vehicles (ZEV) that — for all practical purposes — do not yet exist. The state Department of Environmental Quality has released draft rules mandating that 11 percent of all automobiles sold in Arizona beginning with the 2011 model year have zero emissions. That would increase to 16 percent by 2018 and beyond.However, there are opposing opinions which claim that replacing conventional cars with electric vehicles will expose people to dangerous levels of lead, according to industry and environmental groups. A research led by three professors from Carnegie-Mellon University in Pittsburgh suggests that an electric car powered by lead-acid batteries will “release 60 times more lead per kilometer of use” than an “equivalent car burning leaded gasoline”. But critics argue that the researchers have used unrealistic assumptions.Releases of lead to the environment are now tightly controlled because of the metal‟s toxicity since the 1970s, when leaded petrol began to be removed in the US, levels of lead in the blood of American children have dropped. But economist Lester Lave and engineers Chris Hendrickson and Francis McMichael worry that mass production of lead-acid batteries for electric cars might reverse that trend.Reaction to this suggestion has been hostile, however. “I think they‟ve missed the point completely,” says John Rodman of the Massachusetts Executive Office of Environmental Affairs. He says the benefits of reducing pollution from traffic in cities will far exceed the risks of small increases in lead releases. Michael Weistein of Electro Source in Austin, Texas, a developer of advanced lead-acid batteries, complains that is “misleading scare tactics”.The research result, published in the latest edition of Science, comes as American car makers are being forced to produce “zero-emission vehicles” starting in 2000. The plan was originally designed to reduce airborne pollution in California, and Massachusetts and New York have since followed suit. While car company engineers are designing ZEVs, their top executives are fighting the mandates being imposed on them.The Carnegie-Mellon researchers estimated the amount of lead needed to power ZEVs and how much would be released in mining, battery manufacture and recycling. But critics complain that the team's 1378 kilogram figure for the weight of batteries needed in a ZEV is a serious overestimate. General Motors‟ small electric car, called the Impact, weighs 132 kilograms in total and carries only 522 kilograms of batteries. Lave says he had too little performance data to use the impact as a baseline.51. What are the research findings published by the professors from Carnegie-MellonUniversity?A.Conventional cars burning leaded gasoline are more dangerous than electric cars.B.Mass production of lead-acid batteries will seriously affect American children‟s health.C.The wide use of electric cars powered by batteries will increase lead releases to theatmosphere.D.Replacing conventional cars with ZEV will be very dangerous.52. By "that trend"(Line 5, Para.3) the author refers to _____.A.the drop of the lead level in the blood of American childrenB.the replacement of conventional cars with electric carsC.the control of the releases of lead to the environmentD.the ban on the use of leaded petrol53. Which of the following statements best expresses the viewpoints of John Rodman?A.He is opposed to the mass production of lead-acid batteries for electric cars.B.He believes the advantages of ZEV outweigh its disadvantages.C.He thinks the increase in lead releases will be exceedingly risky.D.He supposes the only benefit of ZEV is to reduce pollution in cities.54. The American car makers' attitude towards the ZEV mandates is _____.A. suspiciousB. scaredC. confidentD. displeased55. According to the Carnegie-Mellon team research, which of the following is NOT the reasonfor the increasing amount of lead needed in a ZEV?A.Production of lead-acid batteries.B. Weight of batteries.C. Leaded petrol.D. Mining of lead.Part 4: Translation (10%)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and translate it into Chinese. And then write your translation in the space provided on the ANSWER SHEET.We are living in the middle of a revolution in consciousness. Over the past few decades, geneticists, neuroscientists, psychologists, sociologists, economists, and others have made great strides in understanding the inner working of the human mind. Far from being dryly materialistic, their work illuminates the rich underwater world where character is formed and wisdom grows. They are giving us a better grasp of emotions, intuitions, biases, longings, predispositions, character traits, and social bonding, precisely those things about which our culture has least to say. 我们在生活中的革命意识。
武汉大学研究生英语期末试题-2010(含答案及评分)
English Examination for Graduates (Paper A)(January 18th, 2010)I.Listening Comprehension (20%)Directions: In this part, you are going to listen to four passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passages and the questions will be read only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.1. A. Because they don’t know the custom.B. Because they emphasize equality of the sexes.C. Because it’s customary for ladies to push chairs for men at a dinner table in America.D. Because usually the host or hostess pushes the chairs for women at a dinner table .2. A. Americans hold the knife in the right hand and the fork in the left while Europeans dothe opposite.B. Americans use both hands while Europeans use only one hand when eating.C. Europeans hold the knife in the right hand and the fork in the left while Americans dothe opposite.D. Europeans keep the knife in the right hand and the fork in the left while Americans usejustone hand and keep the other one on their lap.3. A. Europeans are more apt to drink coffee after the meal while Americans between bites.B. Americans are more apt to drink coffee after the meal while Europeans between bites.C. Americans drink coffee before the meal while Europeans after the meal.D. Europeans drink coffee before the meal while Americans after the meal.4. A. Leaving a spoon in a soup bowl or a coffee cup.B. Leaving a spoon in any dish.C. Putting a coffee spoon on the saucer or a soup spoon on the service table.D. Putting all the spoons on the tablecloth.5. A. As long as you like. B. Two or three hours.C. As long as the host and hostess ask.D. Less than one hour.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.6. A. Indifferent. B. Positive. C. Negative. D. Neutral.7. A. Discipline, discovery, mutuality, locality, potentiality, enhancement.B. Discipline, discovery, mutuality, locality, historicity, enhancement.C. Discovery, mutuality, locality, historicity, potentiality, enhancement.D. Sustainability, discovery, mutuality, locality, potentiality, enhancement.8. A. It believes that the community is only a socially constructed experience.B. It believes that the community is only an ecologically grounded place.C. It denies conflicts among stakeholder groups.D. It is a community tourism planning approach uniting the themes of social development andecological sustainability.9. A. Because it not only generates hospitality that helps make a community a desirabledestination, but also helps share scarce resources.B. Because it helps mitigate conflicts arising over resource distribution and use.C. Because it respects individual perspectives.D. Because it provides capital to tourism community.10.A. Sustainable Tourism. B. Travel Ecology.C. Sustainable Tourism Models.D. Community Tourism Models.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.11.A. Because they don’t know the relationship between tobacco and disease.B. Because they have a strong inclination to smoke.C. Because they have been forbidden to smoke by the governments.D. Because there were no institutions which persuade them not to smoke.12.A. Because they are unusually subject to cigarette advertising.B. Because tobacco taxes take up a large part of their revenue.C. Because they don’t think tobacco can do harm to people’s mind.D. Because they are innocent of the link between tobacco and disease.13.A. Cigarette advertising only appeals to the young men.B. Cigarette advertising appeals to adults.C. Cigarette advertising is attractive to people who already smoke.D. Cigarette advertising also appeals to kids.14.A. Because they regard smoking as a symbol of sexual ability and even success.B. Because they are addicted to nicotine.C. Because they want to get more tobacco taxes.D. Because they regard smoking as a kind of sports.15.A. Smoking and tobacco taxes. B. Smoking in developing countries.C. Smoking and cigarette advertising.D. Tobacco industry.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.16.A. Putting a roof on a barn. B. Harvesting water reedsC. Using stone as a building materialD. Daily farm operations17.A. Clay tiles. B. Slate or stone.C. Wooden shingles.D. Reeds or straw.18.A. Later colonists did not know how to thatch.B. Thatching was considered dangerous.C. Other roofing materials were available.D. Thatching was unsuitable for the climate.19.A. It’s manufactured to be strong. B. It bends without breaking.C. Thatchers nail it down securely.D. The winds can pass through it easily.20.A. If people had more time to learn how to do it.B. If its cost went down.C. If it could make buildings more attractive.D. If people realized its many advantages.II. Vocabulary (25%)Directions: There are 25 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.21. We have a certain stereotypical ______ of a person from a culture and we interpret his/herbehaviour according to this preconception, whether or not the reason for the behaviour is what we think it.A. connotationB. preconceptionC. recuperationD. ambiguity22. Gap in educational investment across regions will ______ the national economic developmentas a whole.A. warrantB. rationC. thwartD. retard23. Opening the labor market might risk some increase in inequality in wages at least in the shortrun, as the wages of skilled workers are ________.A. bid forB. bid onC. bid upD. bid to24. The market will goods that yield social benefits in excess of private benefits and willconsequently produce too few of these goods.A. undervalueB. devalueC. underweightD. value25. You have taken a ______ hatred to Peter; and you are unreasonably angry with me because Iwon’t hate him.A. perseveringB. perverseC. perfectD. previous26. One of the conditions of ______ is that you must keep the land under cultivation.A. tenantB. terminalC. temperamentD. tenure27. Even the increase proposed will put pressure on Congress to hold down other spending or dipinto funds for Social Security.A. markedB. commissionedC. earmarkedD. commanded28. Unfortunately, what the farmers had gained in the autumn harvest was ______by the heavylosses caused by a snowstorm in the winter.A. offsetB. optimizedC. subsidizedD. unleashed29. The Arabs, on the other hand, coming from a culture where much closer distance is the norm,may be feeling that the Americans are being _______.A. friendlyB. warmC. standoffishD. selfish30. Most little children want a dog or a cat, and they continually ______ their mothers and fathersuntil they get one. It is only when the sweet little thing has been brought home that the parents realize how much time a nd money must be spent on “Tom” or “B ill”.A. peterB. pesterC. worryD. whine31. As television, and to an extent the internet have _____further through our society, the effectsare perhaps more significant than even we realize.A. perpetuatedB. persecutedC. persistedD. permeated32. “John has no______. So when his parents passed away, he inherited everything from thefamily---properties, bank savings, stocks and a big ho use. He’s really living on easy street.”A. siblingsB. soberingsC. sibilantsD. stillbirths33. Great efforts have been made to coordinate unemployment ______ and economic developmentthroughout the country.A. aggravationB. exaggerationC. eliminationD. alleviation34. Upon this, Jones began to beg earnestly to be let into this secret, and faithfully promised not to ______ it.A. divulgeB. dispenseC. dissolveD. disperse35. In Sudan, deforestation in the last decade led to a quadrupling of the time women spentgathering fuel wood. This stimulated efforts to promote _______ .A. deforestationB. afforestationC. forestsD. forestry36. In Egypt, I saw the pyramids and the damaged face of the Sphinx, smiling a (an)_______ smile.An amazing journey!A. incuriousB. sweetC. incredulousD. inscrutable37. There was so much pain there, _______ caused by both sides over the years. I didn’t want tohurt them, nor they me, but the harm had done and it was irreversible.A. invisiblyB. inappreciablyC. inadvertentlyD. inadequately38. Nobody will support such a government that ______ on the rights of individuals.A. encroachesB. invadesC. involvesD. interrupts39. The development of national ______ will be sped up if its officials at all levels become moreconscious of its significance in economic growth.A. substructureB. portfolioC. infrastructureD. asset40. With the rapid development of modern society, the ______ of the ancient civilization in thetown is being erased step by step.A. prestigeB. vestigeC. fameD. symptom41. The ______ of “white” in Chinese includes something unhappy. At funerals, Chinese payrespect to the dead and express their sorrow by wearing white. In the West, however, white is the traditional color for the bride at weddings, and to wear white at funerals would be offensive.A. configurationB. conjunctionC. connotationD. connection42. When people can’t explain a new phenomenon using their knowl edge, they will firstly try tounderstand the new phenomenon using the logic reference of______.A. comparisonB. analysisC. counterpartD. analogy43. He has more endurance; he can swim longer and ______ a canoe better than any of his people.A. conquerB. dominateC. steerD. lead44.There’s this new girl coming to my school, and I like her a lot. I want to _____ our friendshipbefore I start a serious relationship.A. cementB. limeC. clayD. concrete45._______implies an active choice to cling to something, not passively being carried along outof inability to imagine anything else.A. TenancyB. TenacityC. TendencyD. TensionIII. Reading Comprehension (20%)Directions: Read the following passages and choose the best answer to each question.Passage 1Science fiction (SF) can provide students interested in the future with a basic introduction tothe concept of thinking about the possible futures in a serious way, a sense of emotional forces intheir own culture that are affecting the shape the future may take, and a multitude of extrapolations (prediction) regarding the results of present trends . There is one particular type of story that can be especially valuable as a stimulus to discussion of these issues both in courses on the future and in social science courses in general----the story which presents well-worked-out, detailed societies that differ significantly from the society of the reader. In fact, whatever the reliability of its predictions, SF is actually a more important vehicle for speculative visions about macroscopic social change. At this level, it is hard to deal with any precision as to when general value changes or evolving social institutions might appear, but it is most important to think about the kinds of societies that could result from the rise of new forms of interaction, even if one cannot predict exactly when they might occur.In performing this “what if …”function, SF can act as a social laboratory as authors ruminate upon (think about) the forms social relationships could take if key variables in their own societies were different, and upon what new belief systems or mythologies could arise in the future to provide the basic rationalizations for human activities. If it is true that more people find it difficult to conceive of the ways in which their society, or human nature itself, could undergo fundamental changes, then SF of this type may provoke one’s imagination to consider the diversity of paths potentially open to society.Moreover, if SF is the laboratory of the imagination, its experiments are often of the kind that may significantly alter the subject matter even as they are being carried out. That is, SF has always had a certain cybernetic effect on society, as its visions emotionally engage the future-consciousness of the mass public regarding especially desirable and undesirable possibilities. The shape a society takes in the present is in part influenced by its image of the future; in this way particularly powerful SF images may become self-fulfilling or self-avoiding prophecies for society. For that matter, some individuals in recent years have even shaped their own life-styles after appealing models provided by SF stories. The reincarnation (reappearance) and diffusion of SF futuristic images of alternative societies through the media of movies and television may have speeded up an augmented SF’s social feedback effects. Thus SF is not only change speculator but change agent, sending an echo form the future that is becoming into the present that is sculpting it. This fact alone makes imperative in any education system the study of the kinds of works discussed in this section.It must be noted that this perspective of SF has been questioned by some critics. It is often pointed out that, however ingenious they may be about future technologies, many SF writers exhibit an impact conservative bias in their stories, insofar as social projections (new ideas ) are either ignored or based on variations of the present status quo or of historical social systems reshuffled whole-cloth into the future. Robert Bloch has conveniently summarized the kind of future society presented by the average SF writer as consisting of a totalitarian state in which psychochemical techniques (the use of mind- altering drugs) keep the populace quiet; an underground which the larger-than-life hero can join; and scientists who gladly turn over their discoveries to those in power. Such tales covertly assume that human nature as we know it will remain stable and that twentieth-century Anglo-American culture and moral values, especially traditional economic incentives, will continue to dominate the world. Most SF authors have found it as hard as most other mortals to extrapolate (guess)social mores different from those operating within their own milieu (environment), so that, it has been charged, far from preparing the reader for future shock, SF is a literature that comfortably and smugly reassures him that the future willnot be radically different from the present.There is much truth to this analysis of SF. It is not easy to explain why so many stories seem to take as their future social settings nothing more ambiguous than the current status quo or its totally evil variant. Part of the answer may be that many authors of commercial SF writing received their professional training in science and engineering prior to World War II and were therefore not equipped or inclined to devise sophisticated social backgrounds in their plots. Be that as it may, the situation has changed dramatically in recent decades. There are an increasing number of stories which explicitly assume that future social patterns of family, government, religion, and the like need not be exactly the same as those of the present and that the forces which motivate men may also be subject to change. It is from such stories, and their predecessors in classical SF, that one may study examples of the impact of SF on the individual and collective imagination.46. Science fiction shows us happen in the future.A. what mayB. what must c. when changes will D. what we wish to47. Science fiction plays an important role in .A. forming social value and institutionsB. providing the basic rationalizations for human activitiesC. predicting the future societyD. providing the possible vision of social change in macro-scope48. A self-fulfilling prophecy is one that .A. predicts something unpleasantB. predicts something pleasantC. helps prediction to come trueD. does not come true49. Science fiction images will surely .A. influence the images of the present society partiallyB. influence the images of the present society negativelyC. influence the images of the present society positivelyD. influence the images of the present society imperatively50. The author’s opinion appears to be that SF .A. has little to offer societyB. can help to shape the way we behave in the present societyC. is always conservativeD. is unable to prepare the reader for future shock51. The inability of some SF writers to imagine alternative forms of society wasdue to their professional training.A. possiblyB. definitelyC. occasionallyD. known to be52. The author thinks the criticism that SF writers usually show a conservative biasis .A. justB. unjustC. becoming less true than it wasD. only true of classical SF53. In some critics’ eyes, classical science fiction is a literature .A. that displays the radically different social images in the futureB. that reveals what science fiction writers sincerely believedC. that does not show totally imaginary images of the future societyD. that informs readers of the future society54. The author’s main aim would seem to be to show how useful SF can be to .A. politiciansB. scientistsC. cyberneticistsD. students55. The overall tone of the piece is best described as .A. ironicB. humorousC. indignantD. informativePassage 21 Many years ago trying to help people with every kind of trouble left me with one sure conviction: In case after case the difficulty could have been overcome --- or might never have arisen --- if the people involved had just treated one another with common courtesy.2 Courtesy, politeness, good manners --- call it what you will, the supply never seems to equal the demand. “It’s not so much what my husband says,” a tearful wife confides, “as the way he says it. Why does he have to yell at me?”“I hate my boss,” a grim-faced office worker mutters. “He never shows appreciation for anything.”“All we get from our teenagers,” a harassed parent says, “is a sullen surliness.”3 Such complaints are not limited to people who sit in my study. Human beings everywhere hunger for courtesy. “Good manners,” said Ralph Waldo Emerson, “are the happy way of doing things.” And the reverse is equally true. Bad manners can ruin a day --- or wreck a friendship.4 What are the basic ingredients of good manners? Certainly a strong sense of justice is one; courtesy is often nothing more than a highly developed sense of fair play. A friend once told me of driving along a one-lane, unpaved mountain road. Ahead was another car that produced clouds of choking dust, and it was a long way to the nearest paved highway. Suddenly, at a wider place, the car ahead pulled off the road. Thinking that its owner might have engine trouble, my friend stopped and asked if anything was wrong. “No,” said the other driver. “But you’ve endured my dust this far; I’ll put up with yours the rest of the way.” There was a man with manners, and an innate sense of fair play.5 Another ingredient of courtesy is empathy, a quality that enables a person to see into the mind or heart of someone else, to understand the pain or unhappiness there and to do something to minimize it. Recently in a book about a famous restaurant chain I came across such an episode.6 A man dining alone was trying to unscrew the cap of a bottle of catsup but his fingers were so badly crippled by arthritis that he couldn’t do it. He asked a young busboy to help him. The boy took the bottle, turned his back momentarily and loosened the cap without difficulty. Then he tightened it again. Turning back to the man, he feigned a great effort to open the bottle without success. Finally he took it into the kitchen and returned shortly, saying that he had managed to loosen it --- but only with a pair of pliers. What impelled the boy to take so much trouble to spare the feelings of a stranger? Courtesy, compassionate courtesy.7 Yet another component of politeness is the capacity to treat all people alike, regardless of all status or importance. Even when you have doubts about some people, act as if they are worthy of your best manners. You may also be astonished to find out that they really are.8 I truly believe that anyone can improve his or her manners by doing 3 things. First, by practicing courtesy. All skills require constant repetition to become second nature; good manners are no exception.9 One simple way is to concentrate on your performance in a specific area for about a week. Telephone manners, for example. How often do you talk too long, speak abruptly, and fail to identify yourself, keep people waiting, display impatience with the operator or fail to return a call?10 One difficult but essential thing to remember is to refuse to let other people’s bad manners goad you into retaliating in kind. I recall a story told by a young man who was in a car with hisfather one night when a driver in an oncoming vehicle failed to dim his lights. “Give him the brights, Dad!”the young man urged in exasperation. “Son,”replied the father, “that driver is certainly discourteous and probably stupid. But if I give him the brights he’ll be discourteous, stupid and blind --- and that’s a combination I don’t want to tangle with!”11 The second requirement for improving your manners is to think in a courteous way. In the long run, the kind of person you are is the result of what you’ve been thinking over the past 20 or 30 years. If your thoughts are predominantly self-directed, a discourteous person is what you will be. If on the other hand you train yourself to be considerate of others, if you can acquire the habit of identifying with their problems and hopes and fears, good manners will follow almost automatically.12 Nowhere is thinking courtesy more important than in marriage. In the intimacy of the home it is easy to displace disappointment or frustration or anger onto the nearest person, and that person is often a husband or wife.13 “When you feel your anger getting out of control,” I have often said to married couples, “force yourself for the next ten minutes to treat your married partner as if he or she were a guest in your home,” I knew that if they could impose just 10 minutes of good manners on themselves, the worst of the storm would blow over.14 Finally, to have good manners you must be able to accept courtesy, receive it gladly, rejoice when it comes your way. Strangely, some people are suspicious of gracious treatment. They suspect the other person of having some ulterior motive.15 But some of the most precious gifts in life come with no strings attached. You can’t achieve a beautiful day through any effort on your part. You can’t buy a sunset or even the scent of a rose. Those are the world’s courtesies to us, offered with love and no thought of reward or return. Good manners are, or should be, like that.16 In the end, it all comes down to how you regard people --- not just people in general, but individuals. Life is full of minor irritations and trials and injustices. The only constant, daily, effective solution is politeness --- which is the golden rule in action. I think that if I were allowed to add one small beatitude as a footnote to the other it might be: Blessed are the courteous.(1048 words)56.In Para.1, the underlined part “one sure conviction” is the closest in meaning to ______.A. a convinced beliefB. an assured thoughtC. a definite evidenceD. a deep idola57.Courtesy is important to human relationships for the reason that _________.A.it can help people avoid troublesB.it can eliminate complaintsC.people need to be treated politelyD.it is so scarce58.In the first sentence of Para.10, there is a word “retaliating”. Which of the following do youthink is similar to it?A.guidingB. imitatingC. stimulatingD. revenging59.In the author’s opinion, courtesy is a matter of __________.A.how you control yourselfB. how you look at other peopleC. how you compromiseD. how you communicate with others60.Which of the following statements is not mentioned in the passage?A.Good manners are the golden rule in interpersonal relationships.B.People are often easy to get out of control in front of their intimate persons.C.People can be directed by their thoughts about what kind of persons they will be.D.Bad manners account for part of the difficulty of interpersonal relationships.61.Courtesy is especially important in marriage, because ___________.A.the intimacy of family life makes people forget mannersB.people tend to be rude to their husband or wifeC.husband and wife are disappointed with each otherD.at home people have more difficulties62.In paragraph 14, the underlined part “rejoice when it comes your way” means ________.A.take it for granted when you meet itB.behave happily when it happens to youC.enjoy it when it stands on your wayD.refuse it in your deep heart when you come across it63.Which of the following is not true of courtesy?A.Courtesy is offered without expecting return.B.Courtesy is the happy way of doing things.C.Courtesy is an innate quality rather than a learnt skill.D.Courtesy should be applied to every individual.64.In paragraph. 15, what does the author mean by saying “with no strings attached”?A.without extra costB.without concern or consciousnessC.without additional thoughts about return or rewardD.without motives and expectations.65.Which of the following is not mentioned as the basic ingredients of good manners?A.The capacity to treat all people alike.B.The quality to understand the pain or unhappiness of others.C. A strong sense of fair play.D. A feeling of compassion and self-control.IV. Translation (15%)Part A Directions: Translate the following sentences into English. (7%)1. 中国是个大国，百分之八十的人口从事农业，但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一，其余为山脉、森林、城镇和其他用地。
武汉大学硕士生英语期末考试试卷真题扫描版
武汉大学硕士生英语期末考试试卷真题扫描版武汉大学硕士生英语期末考试试卷真题扫描版武汉大学是一所享有盛誉的高等学府，其英语教育水平一直处于国内领先地位。
每学期，武汉大学都会对硕士生进行英语期末考试，以确保学生的英语能力达到学校的要求。
以下是武汉大学硕士生英语期末考试试卷真题扫描版，供读者参考。
一、选择题1、The train _____ in an hour. A. leaves B. left C. is leavingD. will leave 答案：A 解析：根据时间状语“in an hour”可知，本题应使用一般将来时。
2、--- Shall we go for a walk? --- _____. A. It's a good ideaB. That's all rightC. You're welcomeD. Not at all 答案：A 解析：根据问句“shall we...”可知，本题应回答肯定回答，即“It'sa good idea”是正确答案。
3、--- How was your trip to Beijing? --- _____. A. It was greatB. It was terribleC. Yes, it was greatD. No, it was terrible 答案：A 解析：根据问句“How was your trip to Beijing?”可知，本题应回答“It was great”。
二、阅读理解4、The passage mainly discusses the relationship between language and culture. 答案：TRUE 解析：本文主要讨论语言和文化之间的关系，说明语言反映文化，文化影响语言。
41、The word "etiquette" in the passage refers to good manners. 答案：TRUE 解析：根据文章第二段中的句子“etiquette is a code of behavior that is based on rules of good manners”可知，“etiquette”指的是良好的礼仪。
2013级研究生期末考试英语试卷A-副本
2013级研究⽣期末考试英语试卷A-副本河北联合⼤学2013级研究⽣期末考试英语试卷(A)年级：专业：姓名__________ 分数__________Part I Vocabulary (30%)Directions: There are thirty questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Write the correct answers on your Answer Sheet.1.Theodore Roosevelt was a ____ man; he was successful as a statesman, soldier, sportsman,explorer, and author.A. ableB. capableC. skillfulD. versatile2. The small town has ____ many changes during last 10 years.A. undergoneB. developedC. involvedD. undertaken3. The old farmer ____ his wife, living until 105 years of age.A. passedB. survivedC. lastedD. endured4. Poor eyesight is a ____ to many students.A. preventionB. backwardnessC. handicapD. shortcoming5. The wheat crop will be ____ without strong spring rains.A. decimatedB. spoiltC. decayedD. delayed6. The various parts of the essays do not adequately ____.A. dependB. interrelateC. relateD. cooperate7. Hot weather ____ the bacteria in the milk rapidly.A. reducesB. decreasesC. multipliesD. enhances8. If something very substantial is not done next month, he cannot ____ his office.A. retainB. haveC. obtainD. secure9. We sent him an invitation but he ____.A. refrainedB. declinedC. rejectedD. denied10. The lifeguard pulled the ____ body out of the pool.A. diedB. dyingC. inanimateD. weak11. If you are to be accepted as a member of the club you must ____ by its rules.A. agreeB. abideC. confirmD. conform12. ____ you dislike ancient monuments, Warrick Castle is worth a visit.A. SinceB. EvenC. IfD. Even if13. The cities were to be ____ and the population distributed in villages.A. deflatedB. reducedC. decayedD. defined14. He gave a ____ account of what has happened.A. discomfortedB. distortedC. dismissedD. discovered15. His speech ____ trouble among the workers.A. firmedB. ferriedC. fermentedD. festered16. The criminal was told he would be ____ from punishment if he said what he knew about the murder.A. impossibleB. immuneC. improbableD. imminent17. If you ___ the elastic band any more, it will break.A. takeB. graspC. strainD. hold18. The Egyptians ____ an area equal to France and Spain combined.A. inhabitB. liveC. dwellD. settle19. He is ____ considered to be a great explorer.A. after allB. everything butC. by no meansD. all but20. It was a long time before scientists could ____ the mystery of the atom.A. penetrateB. pierceC. permeateD. pervade21. The speaker was a long way ____.A. on the trackB. in the trackC. of the trackD. off the track22. The new government tried to ____ the growing discontent of the people.A. refuseB. defuseC. declineD. deduce23. The catch is how to grow rice in a dry area.A. puzzlingB. confusionC. catchD. catching24. They were surprised to see the efficiency of the ____ military machine of that country.A. well-oiledB. well arrangedC. well paidD. well equipped25. He was ____ to learn that he had been left out of the basketball team.A. informedB. upsetC. surprisingD. aware26. It is fortunate when a young man?s career goals ____ with what his parents wish for him.A. occurB. happenC. coincideD. take place27. If the body is robbed this way for too long, vital organs ____.A. break downB. break outC. break awayD. break in28. If your car ____ on a turnpike, wait for assistance.A. rattlesB. is wrongC. worn offD. conks out29. My pencil is ____ to a stump.A. wornB. worn downC. worn offD. worn out30. The waterfall has ____ a hole in the stone.A. worn downB. worn outC. wornD. pierced throughPart II Reading Comprehension (40%)Passage 1“My advisor wants me to call him by his first name,” many foreign graduate students in the U.S. have said. “I just can?t do it! It doesn?t seem right. I have to show my respect.”On the other hand, professors have said of foreign students, “They keep bowing and saying …yes, sir, yes, sir.? I can hardly stand it! I wish they?d stop being so polite and just say what they have on their minds.”Differing ideas about formality and respect frequently complicate relationships between American professors and students from abroad, especially Asian students ( and most especially female Asian students).The professors generally prefer informal relationships (sometimes, but not always, including use of first names rather than of titles and family names) and a little acknowledgement of status differences. Many foreign students are used to more formal relationships and sometimes have difficulty bringing themselves to speak to their teachers at all, let alone address them by their given names.The characteristics of student-teacher relationships on American campuses vary somewhat , depending on whether the students involved are undergraduate or graduate students, and depending on the size and nature of the school. Graduate students typically have more intense relationships with their professors than undergraduates do; at smaller schools student-teacher relationships are typically even less formal than they are at larger schools.To say that student-teacher relationships are informal is not to say that there are no recognized status differences between the two groups. There are .But students may show their respect mainly in the vocabulary and tone of voice they use when speaking to teachers. Much of their behavior around teachers may seem to foreign students to be disrespectful. Americanstudents will eat in class, read newspapers, and assume quite informal postures. Teachers might not enjoy such behavior, but they tolerate it. Students, after all, are individuals who have the right to decide for themselves how they are going to act.31. American professors think it ______ to be addressed by their given names.A) acceptable B)disrespectful C) formal D) strange32. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A) Many foreign students keep informal relationships with their teachers.B) Many foreign students are straightforward with their teachers.C) Many foreign students prefer to be treated differently by their teachers.D) Many foreign students? politeness makes their American professors uncomfortable.33. In the U.S., more formal relationships are typically expected between ____________.A) professors teaching graduate studentsB) graduate students at smaller universitiesC) professors and their students of scienceD) graduate students and their professors at big universities34. The term “status differences” in this passage refers to the fact that___________A) students have different age groupsB) students have different levels of performanceC) teachers are in a higher position of respectD) teachers should change their methods with different students35. American students behave as they please in class because their teachers ___________A) prefer to regard them as their friendsB) hope to make sure they are not nervousC) believe that they should be allowed to do what they likeD) concentrate more on teaching than anything elsePassage 2You and your husband/wife share many of the same points of view and basic values, but you find yourselves continually getting into arguments about significant matters.What's the problem? Is there something wrong with your partner, or the relationship?Before you blame yourself, you should be aware that these arguments may simply be caused by differences in your conversational style, or in how you approach a conversation. According to Deborah Tannen, author of the best-selling book You Just Don't Understand, men and women view the world differently, and as a result, they speak and hear things differently."A man sees the world," says Tannen, "as a hierarchical (分等级的) social order in which he's either one up or one down. In this world," she explains, "conversations are negotiations in which people try to achieve and maintain the upper hand if they can, and protect themselves from others' attempts to put them down and push them around."Women, on the other hand, view the world as a network of connections. "In this world," notes Tannen, "conversations are negotiations for closeness in which people try to seek and give confirmation and support. They try to protect themselves from others' attempts to push them away."“These different perspectives are established in childhood. Boys and girls grow up in different …worlds of words?,” Explains Tannen. “They?re talked to differently and take different conversational styles as a result.” These different conversationalstyles continue throughout our adult lives and can lead to a lot of misunderstandings.“Learning about these differences won?t make them go away,”says Tannen. But it can help men and women accept them and understand that each style is valid. It can also help men and women stop blaming themselves and each other when misunderstandings occur, and understand that what seems like bad intentions may actually be good intentions expressed ina different conversational style.36. This passage is written to make the point that ________.A) men and women share the same basic valuesB) men should be blamed for most of the arguments at homeC) appropriate conversational styles are difficult to learnD) different conversational styles may result in misunderstandings37. Judging from Deborah Tannen?s words, it seems that_______.A) men tend to compete with others more than womenB) men are more easygoing than womenC) women tend to live in a world of their ownD) women are more easily hurt than men38. It can be concluded from the passage that a conversational style is formed if one______.A) lives in a particular environment for a long timeB) argues with other people frequentlyC) spends time learning a particular style by painstaking effortsD) tries hard to avoid misunderstandings39. Knowing the differences in conversational styles can help people_________.A) avoid mistakes in their conversationsB) understand each other betterC) tolerate other people?s faultsD) talk more clearly and effectively40. So far as conversational styles are concerned, in the writer?s opinion, ________.A) women?s style is better B) men?s style is betterC) neither is better than the other D) children have the best style because they have none Passage 3Elizabeth's father died when she was nine. Her family was large, and very poor. She struggled for self esteem, but it was difficult when her clothes weren't as nice as the other kids and her new school was still unfamiliar.During a math lesson, Elizabeth stared at the chalkboard and was struggling to understand a concept. With every stroke of the chalk, she became more confused. She had suffered from chronic ear infections (感染), and had missed many days of her fifth grade year. When she finally got the courage to raise her little hand and ask Mr. Thompson how the problem was done, he became very angry. He marched her up in front of the class and told this insecure child that she was "incapable of learning and extremely stupid."This remark plagued (使......困扰）Elizabeth for years.Elizabeth drifted into marriage. After discovering her husband's long time infidelity (不忠），she found herself divorced with three young daughters. She moved back to her home state and tried to pick up the pieces she had left behind.Knowing that she would be the sole support of these children, and having no desire toremarry, Elizabeth started college. Like most good mothers, she wanted the best for her children. She didn't want to deprive them of their mother. She would rise early and stay up late to get every spare minute she could to study.When she received her first "A" she was confused. She thought there must be some mistake. This was Elizabeth, Elizabeth the stupid. When her good grades piled up, she realized for the first time that maybe Mr. Thompson was wrong. She graduated from Brigham Young University, and will soon be receiving her master's degree at California State University in San Bernardino.41. The reason why Elizabeth stared at the chalkboard was that________.A) she had ear infections and could not hear very wellB) she was still overwhelmed by the death of her fatherC) too much homework had made her tired and sickD) what the teacher wrote was beyond her understanding42. Mr. Thompson can be best described as a teacher who was________.A) dull and stupid B) impatient and cruelC) strict with his students D) incapable of making himself understood43. We can learn from the passage that Elizabeth started college because she__________.A) was not a very responsible motherB) needed to be able to support her childrenC) knew she could achieve great success in collegeD) wanted her children to have an educated mother44. Why was Elizabeth confused when she got her first "A"?A) Because she believed that it was a mistake.B) Because she had not studied hard enough.C) Because she felt hurt by other people's comments.D) Because she did not trust her teacher.45. Elizabeth's case shows that_________.A) people can overcome a negative self-image through hard workB) a student can achieve great success even though he or she is stupidC) people who suffer a lot are more likely to work hard and succeed in the end.D) poor children can also receive the best education and rise high in lifePassage 4Keeping out of trouble in marriage by staying quiet is an excellent piece of advice. For example, don't say to your wife, "You forgot to salt the food." You can quietly salt it yourself, as you will not be gaining anything by criticizing your wife. Don't say, "You are always going to your parents, instead of being at home." Instead, if it bothers you, do something interesting with your wife, so that she will want to stay at home.A wife can also cause damage by saying things thoughtlessly. For example, if she says,"Can you stop reading the newspaper and speak to me?" it hurts her husband. Instead, she can get his attention by showing him some affection or telling him something that will interest him. Saying to her husband, "Why do you always leave such a mess after yourself?" only breeds resentment (怨恨) and makes matters worse. Instead of that, she can say, "It would be so great if you would help me by organizing your stuff after you finish." If he has a habit that he cannot change, it is better not to mention it at all, but to learn to live with it, since every word will only aggravate (加剧) the problem more.Most arguments in marriage occur when one spouse expresses a negative opinion of the other. Do not forget that anything you say is well-remembered by your spouse and can cause great damage to your marriage. It is not possible to take back the sting of hurtful words once they have been said; therefore it is much wiser not to say them in the first place.It is always right to praise your spouse. Try to find something nice to say every day. Such words strengthen the bond between a couple, since they show that you care for one another.Saying the right words to your spouse is very important. You very seldom go wrong if you think carefully before you speak.46. In order to keep out of trouble in marriage, one should______.A) point out any mistake one's spouse has madeB) avoid using hurtful wordsC) salt the food oneselfD) stay at home most of the time47.To stop his wife from going to her parents too frequently, the best thing a husband can do is______.A) try to do more housework B) never say anything wrongC) talk to her parents D) do something interesting with her48. To avoid conflict with her husband, it is suggested that the wife_____.A) learn to live with her husband's bad habitB) help her husband in his workC) live away from home for a short whileD) discuss everything with her husband49. The reason why one should not express a negative opinion of his or her spouse is that_____.A) it is very often ignored B) it is actually quite uselessC) nobody can tolerate a negative opinion from othersD) anything that has been said can not be taken back50. To strengthen the bond between a couple, both the husband and the wife should_____.A) praise rather than criticize each otherB) tell frankly what they think of each otherC) find time to talk to each other as often as possibleD) do everything possible to please each otherPart III Cloze (15%)Choose a proper word from the list to fill in each blank in the following passage. Change the form of the word if necessary. before depict than not respect marvel at when from used suffer announce as beneath enjoy nearly so longLate next century, when scholars are scripting the definitive history of the PC, these last few years of high-octane growth may actually ___51___ as the Dark Ages. Historians will ___52___ how we toiled in front of monolithic, beige BUBs (big ugly boxes), ___53___ under the oppressive glare of cathode-ray tubes while our legs scraped against the 30-pound towers___54___ our desks.They may also mark 1999 ___55___ the start of the PC renaissance, ___56___ manufacturers finally started to get it; design matters. This holiday season, computer shoppers will ___57___ unprecedented variety in shapes, sizes and colors ------ and not just in Apple?s groundbreaking line of translucent iMascs and iBooks. ___58___ every major PC maker now has innovative desktop designs on the way to market, ___59___ hourglass-sculpted towers to flat-panel displays with all the processing innards packed into the base. Among industrial designers, who still think the PC has a long way ___60___ you?llwant to display it on your mantle, the only question is, what took ___61___? “The PC industry has ridiculed design for a long time,” says Hartmut Esslinger, founder of Frog Design. “They ___62___ their customers and have underestimated their desires.”PC makers are finally catching on ------ and it?s partly out of desperation. Manufacturers ___63___ used to sell computers by trumpeting their techno bells and whistles, like processor speed and memory. But since ever-faster chips have given us more power on the desktop ___64___ we could ever possibly use, computer makers have been competing on price ------ a strategy that has dropped most units below $1,000 and slashed profits. Last week IBM limped from the battlefield, ___65___ it would pull its lagging Aptiva line from store shelves and sell only on the Web. Competing only on price “made an industry shakeout inevitable”, says Nick Donatiello, president of the marketing-research firm Odyssey.Part IV Writing (15%)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words according to the following situation:With the development of computer technology, translation of language by machines is highly developed in our current society therefore, some people think it is not necessary for students to learn a foreign language. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the opinion? Give your reasons.。
研究生英语期末考试-翻译及部分答案
(仅供参考)第一课1.For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Y et English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually(actually) all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and W elsh... that their long-term future must be considered... very greatly at risk.1. 因为英语是个杀手。
正是英语造成了凯尔特语、康沃尔语、诺恩语和马恩语等语言的消亡。
这些岛上的分地区依然还有很多社区的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言。
然而，英语在日常生活中无处不在。
所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语。
英语对仅存的三种凯尔特语——爱尔兰语、苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大，人们一定认为它们遥远的未来是岌岌可危的。
s2.He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguicism [a condition parallel to(equal to/ similar to) racism and sexism]. As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and individuals within the predominantly "white" English-speaking world, have [by design(=deliberately) or default(=mistake)] encouraged or at least tolerated—and certainly have not opposed—the hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some (about) three centuries ago as (when) economic and colonial expansion.2.同时，他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视（与种族歧视、性别歧视等类似）的偏见密切相关。
专业英语研究生期末考试(四川大学研究生考试样题)
XX大学计算机〔软件〕学院工程硕士考试试题〔2021——2021学年上学期〕课程号： _________课序号： ___________课程名称：专业英语任课教师：于中华适用专业：软件工程适用年级：____学生人数：________印题份数：______学号：______XX：_______考试须知XX大学学生参加由学校组织或由学院承办的各级各类考试，必须严格执行 ?XX大学考试工作管理方法?和?XX大学考场规那么? 。
有考试违纪作弊行为的，一律按照?XX大学学生考试违纪作弊处分规定?进展处理。
XX大学各级各类考试的监考人员，必须严格执行?XX大学考试工作管理方法?、?XX大学考场规那么?和?XX大学监考人员职责?。
有违反学校有关规定的，严格按照?XX大教学事故认定及处理方法?进展处理。
题号一二三四五六七八九十平时总分得分考试时间年月日阅卷教师签名I. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions. (10%)1._________ is used to communicate with another computer over telephone linesA. keyboardB .modemC. printer D. mouse2.__________is a device that enables the computer to handle sounds.A. network cardB. video cardC. sound cardD. monitor3. __________ refers to the parts of the computer that you can see and touch.A. SoftwareB. HardwareC. HardshipD. Instruction4. The display screen is the most common device used to show you what the computer isdoing.A. inputB. printingC. outputD. electronic5. _________ are programs that provide access to Web resourcesA. browsersB. databaseC. URLD. E-commerce6._________ is a word processing tool that helps you to create quality documents.A. Word 2003B. Outlook 2003C. Access 2003D. Excel 20037. __________ is a fast and powerful operating system, based on the UNIX O.S.A. Windows 2003B. Office 2003C. Windows 2003D. Linux8. A virus is a __________A. programB. computerC. bad manD. beast9. TCP/IP are the two standard protocols for communications on the __________.A. webB. computerC. InternetD. network10. B2C involves individuals selling to ___________.A. clientB. consumerC. corporationD. company1.() The CPU is the processor of a computer.2.() Windows NT is designed for replacement of Windows.3.() A computer is only connected by cable lines, such as telephone lines.4.() Air can be used to transit data.5.() Search engines help you to locate information on the Web6.() B2C involves individuals selling to individuals.7.() Databases are widely used8.() Oracle is the largest database system vendor in the world.9.() Complete access and complete security are good for information security10. () Portable computer can fit in a briefcase or even in the palm of your hand. III. Translation: English to Chinese (20%)1. CPU_____________________2. OS __________________________3. LAN_____________________4. B2B__________________________5. CEO_____________________6. ATM__________________________7. DBMS____________________8. URL__________________________9.personal computer _______________________________________10.storage device _________________________________________rmation exchanges ___________________________________12.protocol ______________________________________________13.broadband ____________________________________________14.browser _______________________________________________15.search engine __________________________________________16.update ________________________________________________17.Web Site _______________________________________________18.human resources _________________________________________19.environment _____________________________________________puter virus ___________________________________________1.() The CPU is the processor of a computer.2.() Windows NT is designed for replacement of Windows.3.() A computer is only connected by cable lines, such as telephone lines.4.() Air can be used to transit data.5.() Search engines help you to locate information on the Web6.() B2C involves individuals selling to individuals.7.() Databases are widely used8.() Oracle is the largest database system vendor in the world.9.() Complete access and complete security are good for information security10. () Portable computer can fit in a briefcase or even in the palm of your hand. III. Translation: English to Chinese (20%)1. CPU_____________________2. OS __________________________3. LAN_____________________4. B2B__________________________5. CEO_____________________6. ATM__________________________7. DBMS____________________8. URL__________________________9.personal computer _______________________________________10.storage device _________________________________________rmation exchanges ___________________________________12.protocol ______________________________________________13.broadband ____________________________________________14.browser _______________________________________________15.search engine __________________________________________16.update ________________________________________________17.Web Site _______________________________________________18.human resources _________________________________________19.environment _____________________________________________puter virus ___________________________________________1.() The CPU is the processor of a computer.2.() Windows NT is designed for replacement of Windows.3.() A computer is only connected by cable lines, such as telephone lines.4.() Air can be used to transit data.5.() Search engines help you to locate information on the Web6.() B2C involves individuals selling to individuals.7.() Databases are widely used8.() Oracle is the largest database system vendor in the world.9.() Complete access and complete security are good for information security10. () Portable computer can fit in a briefcase or even in the palm of your hand. III. Translation: English to Chinese (20%)1. CPU_____________________2. OS __________________________3. LAN_____________________4. B2B__________________________5. CEO_____________________6. ATM__________________________7. DBMS____________________8. URL__________________________9.personal computer _______________________________________10.storage device _________________________________________rmation exchanges ___________________________________12.protocol ______________________________________________13.broadband ____________________________________________14.browser _______________________________________________15.search engine __________________________________________16.update ________________________________________________17.Web Site _______________________________________________18.human resources _________________________________________19.environment _____________________________________________puter virus ___________________________________________1.() The CPU is the processor of a computer.2.() Windows NT is designed for replacement of Windows.3.() A computer is only connected by cable lines, such as telephone lines.4.() Air can be used to transit data.5.() Search engines help you to locate information on the Web6.() B2C involves individuals selling to individuals.7.() Databases are widely used8.() Oracle is the largest database system vendor in the world.9.() Complete access and complete security are good for information security10. () Portable computer can fit in a briefcase or even in the palm of your hand. III. Translation: English to Chinese (20%)1. CPU_____________________2. OS __________________________3. LAN_____________________4. B2B__________________________5. CEO_____________________6. ATM__________________________7. DBMS____________________8. URL__________________________9.personal computer _______________________________________10.storage device _________________________________________rmation exchanges ___________________________________12.protocol ______________________________________________13.broadband ____________________________________________14.browser _______________________________________________15.search engine __________________________________________16.update ________________________________________________17.Web Site _______________________________________________18.human resources _________________________________________19.environment _____________________________________________puter virus ___________________________________________。
2009年研究生英语学位考试试卷A
Part II Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions：There are 4 passages in this part．Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A,B,C and D．Choose the bestone and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet．Passage 1It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out, and if it is really good science it is impossible to predict. If the things to be found are actually new, they are by definition unknown in advance. You cannot make choices in this matter. You either have science or you don't, and if you have it you are obliged to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat and promptly useful bits.The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illuminating piece of news. It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead. It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20th century science to the human intellect. In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered. Because of this, we are depressed. It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted.But we are making a beginning, and there ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably no questions we can think up that can't be answered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness. To be sure, there may well be questions we can't think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers, if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention.21. According to the author, really good science_______________________ .A. would surprise the brightest minds of the 18th century EnlightenmentB. will produce results which cannot be foreseenC. will help people to make the right choice in advanceD. will bring about disturbing results22. It can be inferred from the passage that scientists of the 18th century_________ .A. thought that they knew a great deal and could solve most problems of scienceB. were afraid of facing up to the realities of scientific researchC. knew that they were ignorant and wanted to know more about natureD. did more harm than good in promoting man's understanding of nature23. Which of the following statements is NOT true of scientists in earlier times?A. They invented false theories to explain things they didn't understand.B. They falsely claimed to know all about nature.C. They did not believe in results from scientific observation.D. They paid little attention to the problems they didn't understand.24. What is the author's attitude towards science?A. He is depressed because of the ignorance of scientists.B. He is doubtful because of the enormous difficulties confronting it.C. He is confident though he is aware of the enormous difficulties confronting it.D. He is delighted because of the illuminating scientific findings.25. The author believes that___________________________ .A. man can find solutions to whatever questions concerning nature he can think upB. man cannot solve all the problems he can think up because of the limits of human intellectC. sooner or later man can think up all the questions concerning nature and answer themD. questions concerning consciousness are outside the scope of scientific researchPassage 2For most of thinkers since the Greek philosophers, it was self-evident that there is something called human nature, something that constitutes the essence of man. There were various views about what constitutes it, but there was agreement thatsuch an essence exists --- that is to say, that there is something by virtue of which man is man. Thus man was defined as a rational being, as a social animal, an animal that can make tools, or a symbol-making animal.More recently, this traditional view has begun to be questioned. One reason for this change was the increasing emphasis given to the historical approach to man. An examination of the history of humanity suggested that man in our epoch is so different from man in previous times that it seemed unrealistic to assume that men in every age have had in common something that can be called “human nature.” The historical approach was reinforced, particularly in the United States, by studies i n the field of cultural anthropology. The study of primitive peoples has discovered such a diversity of customs, values, feelings, and thoughts that many anthropologists arrived at the concept that man is born as a blank sheet of paper on which each culture writes its text. Another factor contributing to the tendency to deny the assumption of a fixed human nature was that the concept has so often been abused as a shield behind which the most inhuman acts are committed. In the name of human nature, for example, Aristotle and most thinkers up to the eighteenth century defended slavery. Or in order to prove the rationality and necessity of the capitalist form of society, scholars have tried to make a case for acquisitiveness, competitiveness, and selfishness as innate human traits. Popularly, one refers cynically to “human nature” in accepting the inevitability of such undesirable human behaviors as greed, murder, cheating and lying.Another reason for skepticism about the concept of human nature probably lies in the influence of evolutionary thinking. Once man came to be seen as developing in the process of evolution, the idea of a substance which is contained in his essence seemed untenable. Yet I believe it is precisely from an evolutionary standpoint that we can expect new insight into the problem of the nature of man.26. According to the passage, we know the concept of “human nature” is _______.A. defined as the essence of man who can make tools and symbolsB. rather controversial between historians and anthropologistsC. ever denied by ancient thinkers a shield behind evil human behaviorsD. questioned by many scholars including evolutionists27. As is mentioned in the passage, human beings are supposed by anthropologists to ____________.A. have some thing in common as “human nature”B. be born with no feelings and thoughtsC. come to the world empty-handedD. be brought to the world in a blank sheet of paper28. The author mentioned the ancient and great thinker Aristotle in the passage to _________.A. reveal that he ever took advantage of the concept of “human nature”.B. show that he contributed a lot to the concept of “human nature”C. support that it is inevitable for human beings to have innate human traitsD. imply that ancient thinkers are not wise enough as the modern scholars29. The concept of “human nature” in the passage is said to be __________.A. something not shared by human beings according to the ancient scholarsB. something not born with human beings but acquired, as Aristotle thoughtC. the essence of human beings as rational beings and social animalsD. something as a blank sheet for people to write cultures on30. The word “ untenable” in the last paragraph of the passage could most probably mean _________.A. incredibleB. assailableC. changeableD. imaginablePassage 3Many of the most damaging and life-threatening types of weather——torrential rains, severe thunderstorm, and tornadoes——begin quickly, strike suddenly, and dissipate rapidly, devastating small regions while leaving neighboring areas untouched. One such event, a tornado, struck the northeastern section of Edmonton, Alberta, in July 1987. Total damages from the tornado exceeded $ 250 million, the highest ever for any Canadian storm. Conventional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short-lived local storms like the Edmonton tornado, because the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to discern the subtle atmospheric changes that precede these storms. In most nations, for example, weather-balloon observations are taken just once every twelve hours at locations typically separated by hundreds of miles. With such limited data, conventional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large regions than they do forecasting specific local events. Until recently, the observation——intensive approach needed for accurate, very short-range forecasts, or “Nowcast", was not feasible. The cost of equipping and operatingmany thousands of conventional weather stations was prohibitively high, and the difficulties involved in rapidly collecting and processing the raw weather data from such a network were insurmountable. Fortunately, scientific and technological advances have overcome most of these problems. Radar systems, automated weather instruments, and satellites are all capable of making detailed, nearly continuous observations over large regions at a relatively low cost. Communications satellites can transmit data around the world cheaply and instantaneously, and modern computers can quickly compile and analyze this large volume of weather information. Meteorologists and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment capable of transforming raw weather data into words, symbols, and vivid graphic displays that forecasters can interpret easily and quickly. As meteorologists have begun using these new technologies in weather forecasting offices, Nowcasting is becoming a reality.31. The author mentions the tornado in Edmonton, Canada, in order to___________ .A. indicate that tornadoes are common in the summerB. give an example of a damaging stormC. explain different types of weatherD. show that tornadoes occur frequently in Canada32. All the following are mentioned as an advance in short-range weather forecasting EXCEPT_________________.A. weather balloonsB. radar systemsC. automated instrumentsD. satellites33. With Nowcasting, it first became possible to provide information about________.A. short-lived local stormsB. radar networksC. long-range weather forecastsD. general weather conditions34. With which of the following statements is the author most likely to agree?A. Communications satellites can predict severe weather.B. Meteorologists should standardize computer programs.C. The observation-intensive approach is no longer useful.D. Weather predictions are becoming more accurate.35. Nowcasting would be best illustrated by________________________ .A. a five-day forecastB. a warning about a severe thunder-storm on the radioC. the average rainfall for each monthD. a list of temperatures in major citiesPassage 4Failure is probably the most fatiguing experience a person ever has．There is nothing more exhausting than not succeeding，being blocked，not moving ahead．It is an evil circle．Failure breeds fatigue，and fatigue makes it harder to get to work，which adds to the fatigue．We experience this tiredness in two main ways，as start-up fatigue and performance fatigue．In the former case，we keep putting off a task that we are forced to take up．Either because it is too tedious or because it is too difficult，we avoid it．And the longer we postpone it，the more tired we feel．Such start-up fatigue is very real，even not actually physical，not something in our muscles and bones．The remedy is obvious，though perhaps not easy to apply：willpower exercise．The moment I find myself turning away from a job，or putting it under a pile of things I have to do，I clear my desk of everything else and attach the objectionable item first．To prevent start-up fatigue，always treat the most difficult job first．Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle．Here we are willing to get started，but we can't seem to do the job right．Its difficulties appear to be insurmountable and however hard we work，we fail again and again．The mounting experience of failure carries with it an ever-increasing burden of mental fatigue．In such a situation，I work as hard as I can，then let the unconscious take over．36. Which of the following can be called an evil circle？A. Success-zeal-success-zeal．B. Failure-tiredness-failure-tiredness．C. Failure-zeal-failure-tiredness．D. Success-exhaustion-success-exhaustion．37. According to the passage，when keeping putting off a task，we can experience ________．A .tiredness B. performance fatigue C. start-up fatigue D. unconsciousness38. To overcome start-up fatigue，we need ________ ．A. toughnessB. preventionC. musclesD. strong willpower39. The word“insurmountable”in the last paragraph probably means ________ ．A. that can not be solvedB. that can not be understoodC. that can not be imaginedD. that can not be objected40. According to the passage，which of the following statements is NOT true？A. It is easier to overcome start-up fatigue．B. Performance fatigue occurs when the job we are willing to take gets blocked．C. One will finally succeed after experiencing the evil circle．D. Fatigue often accompanies fatigue．Part III Vocabulary and Structure (15 points)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.41. The lady in this strange tale very obviously suffers from a serious mental illness. Her plot against a completely innocent oldman is a clear sign of________.A. impulseB. insanityC. inspirationD. disposition42. The Prime Minister was followed by five or six ______when he got off the plane.A. laymenB. servantsC. directorsD. attendants43. There is no doubt that the ________ of these goods to the others is easy to see.A. prestigeB. superiorityC. priorityD. publicity44. All the guests were invited to attend the wedding _____ and had a very good time.A. feastB. congratulationsC. festivalD. recreation45. The price of the coal will vary according to how far it has to be transported and how expensive the freight _______ are.A. paymentsB. chargesC. fundsD. prices46. The manager gave her his ________ that her complaint would be investigated.A. assuranceB. assumptionC. sanctionD. insurance47. Although the model looks good on the surface, it will not bear close________.A. temperamentB. contaminationC. scrutinyD. symmetry48. We are doing this work in the _________ of reforms in the economic, social and cultural spheres.A. contextB. contestC. pretextD. texture49. While a full understanding of what causes the disease may be several years away, ________ leading to a successfultreatment could come much sooner.A. a distinctionB. a breakthroughC. an identificationD. an interpretation50. Doctors are often caught in a _________ because they have to decide whether they should tell their patients the truth or not.A. puzzleB. perplexityC. dilemmaD. bewilderment51. For years Blair family _____ the hope of a trip abroad, and it was not realized until recently when they came to China.A. nourishedB. nurturedC. prosperedD. maintained52. By 2010, production in the area is expected to double _____ of 2009.A. thatB. itC. oneD. what53. Please do not be _______ by his offensive remarks since he is merely trying to attract attention.A. distractedB. disregardedC. irritatedD. intervened54. Large price increases could ____ demands for even larger wage increases.A. tripleB. triggerC. attribute toD. inject55. Though you are not well-paid now, it is a ____ job and will bring you great profits in the long run.A. promisingB. predictableC. encouragingD. inspiring56. The crew were given a few instructions by the lieutenant about_______ conduct while on shore leave.A. theirB. themC. itsD. his57. He finally ___ the benefit of all his years if hard work--- he was admittedly by Harvard University.A. rapedB. reapedC. raidedD. receded58. It’s annoying that the chimneys of those plants in the city ____ a lot of smoke every day.A. projectB. sprayC. ejectD. deject59. Sliding doors and windows move in ____ so that they go in the right tracks.A. channelsB. routingC. sinkD. groove60. Street fighting has _____ in those big cities and has greatly influenced the stability of the country.A. flared upB. broke throughC. erupted outD. embarked on61. Seeing the General coming this way, the soldiers stopped and gave him a smart ____.A. toastB. saluteC. tributeD. solution62. Depression is often caused by the _______ effects of stress and overwork.A. totalB. increasedC. terrificD. cumulative63. The population in Hong Kong is _______ Chinese.A. popularlyB. commonlyC. predominantlyD. regularly64. Did you get any ____ when you are dismissed from your job?A. fundB. loanC. bonusD. compensation65. The ______ runner can run 2 miles in fifteen minutes.A. commonB. usualC. averageD. general66. The broken lock ____ my entrance into the empty house.A. spedB. upgradedC. facilitatedD. escalated67. She drives with ____, and we all feel comfortable and safe in her car.A. competitionB. competenceC. qualificationD. efficiency68. I don’t know why you waste your time on such ____; you should use it on more important thing.A. eventsB. accidentsC. issuesD. trifles69. They started a newspaper and began to ____ their revolutionary ideas.A. propagateB. generateC. aggregateD. advertise70. It ’s pay-day, and they ’re waiting__________.A. for payingB. to be paidC. to be payingD. to have paidGeneral English Qualifying Testfor Non-English Major Graduate Students 2008（A 卷）Paper Two注意事项：1. 请考生按要求在试卷装订线内填写姓名、学号和年级专业。
广东工业大学第一学期学术型研究生英语期末考试试卷及答案
English Final for Postgraduates (A) 2 HoursPart I Vocabulary (25%)Choose the best answer from the four choices given.A）hold back B）hold onC）hold to D）hold up27. The constancy of human nature is, as no one believes that a man can fundamentally change hisnature.A）proven B）proverbialC）provisional D）provocative28. Even during the preteen years, romantic experiences are cultured in the sense that societaland group practices and expectations ________ romantic experience.A) shape B) polishC) resist D) stir29. Married partners may love each other even though they rarely, or never,_______ physicalintimacy.A) engage with B) engage inC) engine with D) engine in30.Beginning in childhood, parents encourage or limit future romantic_______by selecting certainneighborhoods and schools.A)dimensions B) connectionsC) liaisons D) affiliations31. He had to excuse for being late.A) make into B) make upC. make out D) make over32. These horrific photographs will affect people’s of war.A) percussion B) viewC) idea D) perception33. This course is useful for students who are in from one training program to another.A) change B) transitionC) transplanting D) transferring34. A German companywith a Swiss firm to develop the product.A) collaborated B) operatedC) collided D) liberated35. They failed to their resources effectively.A) move B) mobilizeC)mitigate D)define36. The business environment is less lone-wolf and competitive, so signs of being collaborativeand selfless.A) stand up B) stand outC) stand by D) stand on37. Ben never touched beer; or any kind of alcohol.A) for all that B) for the bestC) for that matter D) for that rate38. A monk who loves in a monastery or temple has a relaxed and peaceful life of ________.A) complain B) contemptC) discovery D) contemplation39. We are going to and move to Montana.A) pull up stakes B) pull out of stakesC) pull over stakes D) pull to stakes40. Anothe r important piece of risk tolerance is a candidate’s of comfort with failure.A) acceptance B) intentionC) degree D) agreement41. The quality in New York that its inhabitants from life may simply weaken them asindividuals.A) divides B) insulatesC) introduces D) informs42. She gave a ________ good performance in the TV as a police officer investigating a murder.A) eventually B) crediblyC) famously D) staggeringly43. I study in the library as there are too many at home.A) distributions B) distractionsC) deeds D) decorations44.He surprised me with his knowledge of Kierkegaard and Schopenhauer.A) intimate B) infiniteC) incident D) inside45.Although such a statement may seem self-centered, it’s actually quite_.A) insightful B) insignificantC) superstitious D) respectful46. This requirement needs to run throughout an organization and is not ________ tomanagement.A) just B) exclusiveC) excluding D) especial47. We must our woodlands for future generations.A) conserve B) considerC)consecrate D) consent48.In the first five years of successful reform, the country’s GDP ________ by almost 40%.A) inclined B) soaredC) sacrificed D) installed49. I didn’t enjoy studying philosophy-----I found it too much of theoretical_.A) trait B) ideaC) discipline D) academia50. City officials have slowed the development by ________ building permits for the area.A) threatening B) issuingC) stalling D) gamblingPart II Extensive Reading (10%)Choose the best answer according to what you’ve re ad in the texts of Extensive Reading.51.Which of the following statements is not true according to text Solemn Ceremony MarksHandover.A)The president of PRC Mr. Jiang Zemin and the Prince of Wales, both spoke at theceremony.B)Both the British National Anthem and the Chinese Anthem were played at the ceremony.C)The ceremony was carried out in the afternoon in the Hong Kong Convention andExhibition Center.D)The ceremony was telecast live around the world.52. The poll indicated that _______.A)people in America seldom hesitate to speak in publicB)how to speak in public is the most serious problem for AmericansC)the thing the American people feared most was to speak in publicD)nothing is as important as that of solving the problems of speaking in public.53. The text Building a Better Self-image mainly focuses on _______.A)the development of children in the first years.B)the successful interview of job huntersC)some social problems such as violence and suicide.D)the voluntary work of young people54. The author of What’s So Good About Failure gives most examples of _______ to show thevalue of failure in today’s world.A)doctors B) business peopleC) professors D) engineers55. In Don’t Face Stress Alone, the author suggests that people can relieve stress by _______.A)taking part in more sportsB)paying attention to their dietC)asking others for help at work when you have difficultiesD)having heart-to heart talks with friends56. According to the passage, Ulanova was regarded as the symbol of _______.A) classic dances B) Russian balletC) femininity D) Russian singing57. Children whose fathers help care for them have _______.A) higher IQs B) better impulse controlC) better social adaptations D) all of the above58. For a person who defends his erroneous beliefs _______ according to Living Humanism.A)it is necessary to show him that he is wrongB)little can be done to correct himC)now he is always delighted in thinking that he has possessed the factsD)he does not have the quality of loving truth59. Which of the following statements is not true according to Shyness… Nature or Nurture?A) People once thought that temperament was decided by nature.B) The behavior of throwing dishes or slamming doors is also partly inheritable.C) Scientists now believe environment plays a more important role in the formation of aman’s personality than genetics does.D) Most scientists focus their studies on twins in order to know the importance of inheritance.60.. The main idea of And Now the TV Forecast is that _______.A) the electronic superhighway will offer great entertainment for the rural areaB) digital TV will play an important role in the 21st centuryC) thunder and lightning will break down the digital TVD) digital TV will also need weather forecastingPart III Reading Comprehension (30%)Passage OneThe qualities of leadership are almost constant the world over. If you would like to become president of your class, school, or student council, you must first demonstrate that you have the potentials of leadership.For one thing, you must show that you are interested in your school and in your fellow students. In practical terms, this means taking an active part in school activities. It means joining clubs, attending dances and other social functions, and going out for athletics --- if you are athletic.(1) But many young people have to push themselves to join clubs or attend dances. Perhaps you are one of them. The basic reason for this hesitancy is natural shyness. There is nothing whatever wrong with shyness; it can be overcome if you recognize that it is not a permanent affliction (苦恼)，and if you realize, too, that most if your schoolmates are probably as shy as you are.If you consciously strive (努力) to overcome shyness by going out to meet people, you will find yourself at the same time developing another quality of leadership--- understanding. As your circle of friends and contacts widens you will get to know your schoolmates better. Because you are no longer so concerned with your own feeling, you will begin to respect and take into account the feelings of others. Your friends and acquaintances (熟人) will be ware of your new attitude, for it will show in many small ways--- your greeting, conversation, and willingness to give and accept friendship.Another quality of leadership which you can develop is willingness to do a bit extra. If you are expected to sell ten tickets to a dance, for example, and sell fifteen, you have proves your interest and your effort to make your organization successful. Once you acquire the reputation of always doing a little more than expected, your fellow students will be willing to trust you with greater responsibilities. All your extra effort also indicates enthusiasm, and shows that you concentrate more on how to do a job efficiently than on its difficulties.A fourth quality of leadership is imagination--- the ability to see a way through problems and to develop new ideas. You can develop this all important quality by devoting extra thought during quiet moments to problems being faces by your organization. Many members of club sit passively through a meeting, and give no more thought to club matters until the next meeting, you are likely to come up with new ideas (or at least some questions) to contribute at the next meeting.As you show that you are interested in your school or organization, that you have understanding and respect for your schoolmates, and that you will work hard and use your imagination, your schoolmates will naturally think of you as one of their leaders. When the timecomes for election of class or student body officers, you will be mentioned as a possible candidate by your closer friends , and this word will reach other groups until you are given a chance to declare yourself a candidate without seeming immodest.61. This article _______.A) discusses how a person can develop qualities of leadershipB) indicates various ways a good leader can make friends and influence peopleC) analyzes the responsibilities of leadershipD) explains why many people are not good leaders62. The author feels that a prospective leader should attend school dances to _______.A) prove that he is the best dance in the schoolB) show his interest in school activitiesC) overcome his shynessD) learn how to dance63. The author apparently feels that a person who is not athletic _______.A) should go out for athletics anywayB) is definitely not interested in school electionsC) has no chance of becoming a leaderD) can participate in other school activities64. In the sentence “The basic reason for this hesitancy is natural shyness.”t he word “hesitancy”means _______.A) willingness B) reluctance C) embarrassment D) indecision65. This analysis is a _______.A) cause-and-effect discussion of the outcome of school electionsB) point-by-point explanation of how to develop the qualities of leadershipC) comparison of good leaders and bad leadersD) close examination of the good points of the president of student councilPassage TwoBaekeland and Hartmann report that the “short sleepers” had been more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens. But at about age 15 or so, the men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep time because of pressures from school, work, and other activities. These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness as bothersome interruptions in their daily routines.In general, these “short sleeps” appeared ambitious, active, energetic, cheerful, conformist （不动摇）in their opinions, and very sure about their career choices. They often held several jobs at once, or workers full-or part-time while going to school. And many of them had a strong urge to appear “normal” or “acceptable” to their friends and associates.When asked to recall their dreams, the “short sleepers” did poorly. More than this, theyseemed to prefer not remembering. In similar fashion, their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed, and then to keep busy in the hope that the trouble would go away.The sleep patterns of the “short sleepers” were similar to, but less extreme than, sleep patterns shown by many mental patients categorized as manic（疯人）.The “long sleepers” were quite different indeed. Baekeland and Hartmann report that these young men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood. They seemed to enjoy their sleep, protected it, and were quite concerned when they were occasionally deprived of their desired 9 hours of nightly bed rest. They tended to recall their dreams much better than did the “short sleepers.”Many of the “long sleepers” were shy, anxious, introverted （内向）, inhibited （压抑）, passive, mildly depressed, and unsure of themselves （particularly in social situations）. Several openly states that sleep was an escape from their daily problems.66. According to the report,________.A）many short sleepers need less sleep by natureB）many short sleepers are obliged to reduce their nightly sleep time becausethey are busy with their workC）long sleepers sleep a longer period of time during the dayD）many long sleepers preserve their sleeping habit formed during their childhood67. Many “short sleepers” are likely to hold the view that ________.A）sleep is a withdrawal from the realityB）sleep interferes with their sound judgmentC）sleep is the least expensive item on their routine programD）sleep is the best way to deal with psychological troubles68. It is stated in the third paragraph that short sleepers ________.A）are ideally vigorous even under the pressures of lifeB）often neglect the consequences of inadequate sleepC）do not know how to relax properlyD）are more unlikely to run into mental problems69. When sometimes they cannot enjoy adequate sleep, the long sleepers might________.A）appear disturbedB）become energeticC）feel dissatisfiedD）be extremely depressed70. Which of the following is Not included in the passage?A）If one sleeps inadequately, his performance suffers and his memory is weakenedB）The sleep patterns of short sleepers are exactly the same as those shown by many mental patientsC）Long and short sleepers differ in their attitudes towards sleepD）Short sleepers would be better off with more restPassage ThreeOur quarrel with efficiency is not that it gets things done, but that it is athief of time when it leaves us no leisure to enjoy ourselves, and that it strains our nerves when we try to get things done perfectly. In building bridges, American engineers calculate so finely and exactly as to make the two ends come together within one-tenth of an inch. But when two Chinese begin to dig a tunnel from both sides of a mountain both come out on the other side. --The Chinese’s firm belief is that it doesn’t matter so long as a tunnel is dug through, and if we have two instead of one, why, we have a double track to boot.The pace of modern industrial life forbids this kind of glorious and magnificent idling. But, worse than that, it imposes upon us a different conception of time as measured by the clock and eventually turns the human being into a clock himself. （This sort of thing is bound to come to China, as is evident, for instance, in the case of a factory of twenty thousand worker. The luxurious prospect of twenty thousand workers coming in at their own sweet pleasure at all hours is, of course, somewhat terrifying.）Nevertheless, such efficiency is what makes life so hard and full of excitement. A man who has to be punctually at a certain place at five o’clock has the whole afternoon from one to five ruined for him already. Every American adult is arranging his time on the pattern of the schoolboy - three o’clock for this, five o’clock for that, six-thirty for change of dress, six-fifty for entering the taxi, and seven o’clock for arriving at the destination. It just makes life not worth living.71. The writer objects to efficiency mainly on the grounds that it ________.A）entitles us to too much leisure timeB）urges us to get things done punctuallyC）deprives us of leisure timeD）imposes on us a perfect concept of time72. In the eyes of the author, the introduction of industrial life gives rise to ________.A）the excitement of lifeB）magnificent idling of timeC）more emphasis on efficiencyD）terrifying schoolboy73. The passage tells us ________.A）Chinese workers come to work when it is convenientB）all Americans are forced to be efficient against their willC）Chinese engineers are on better terms with the managementD）Americans ought not to work so hard for efficiency74. The author believes that relaxing the rule of punctuality in factories would lead to ________. A）great confusionB）increased productionC） a hard and exciting lifeD）successful completion of a tunnel75. What is implied but NOT stated by the author is that ________.A）every American is arranging his time in the pattern of a schoolboyB）every American is reluctant to be efficientC）every one should have some time to spend as he pleasesD）being punctual is an undesirable habit which should not be formedPart IV Translation (20%)Translate the following five sentences into English (10%)76. 这家公司负债累累，到了崩溃的边缘。