固定式低温容器应变强化设计与制造研究_王春娟_硕士学位论文

工程硕士学位论文固定式低温容器应变强化设计与制造研究作者姓名王春娟工程领域机械工程校内指导教师郭崇志副教授校外指导教师王红霞高级工程师摘要本文以应变强化型奥氏体不锈钢制固定式低温储罐为研究对象，对强化技术理论进行研究，并将强化技术应用到产品的设计开发与制造中，借鉴本单位按照ASME和EN强化标准完成设计和制造强化型低温储罐的经验，进行应变强化模拟产品的试验和研究，对强化技术和研发实践中的问题进行系统的研究和探讨。

(1) 本文对应变强化型固定式低温储罐的应用、结构型式、绝热方式进行综述；讨论国内强化技术在低温储罐中的应用，总结国外应变强化技术的发展进程，提出本文的主要研究内容。

(2) 对强化容器用奥氏体不锈钢材料的力学性能、许用应力、屈强比和塑性指标等技术指标进行系列试验研究；从强化过程工艺、强化压力载荷、强化作用、最大变形量控制等方面分别对强化技术进行讨论；讨论了室温强化和低温强化两种模式的特点和适用条件；从选材、设计、制造、焊接等角度讨论应变强化强化核心技术；对多层缠绕绝热的立式储罐适用特殊强化工艺过程进行讨论；结合工程实践，提出了强化技术应用的难点问题。

(3 )通过对6mm，8mm，10mm三种不同厚度的S30408（06Cr19Ni10）和1.4301（X5CrNi18-10）两种奥氏体不锈钢材料进行一系列的强化前和强化后的性能试验，对试验结果进行分析讨论。

结合具体低温储罐设计实例，讨论应变强化低温储罐在设计中的材料选择、设计应力值确定、强度计算，采用有限元分析方法进行外壳封头的内压校核计算。

(4) 对强化型低温储罐绝热性能进行计算讨论，对四种立式低温储罐的支撑结构进行优缺点对比分析，对立式强化储罐八点支撑结构出现的问题进行讨论，采用有限元分析手段对强化储罐温度载荷条件下支撑结构的安全性能分析计算，从设计结构和制造过程两方面讨论分析出解决措施；对卧式储罐的支撑进行分析和危险工况下应力计算并提出优化措施。

(5) 分析讨论应变强化容器制造过程的特殊要求，讨论对容器人孔设置、加强圈结构、夹层管路布局、排水排气结构等结构设计问题的处理。

结合实例，探讨强化变形的测量问题。

从母材的选用、材料的抗拉强度上限、焊接材料的选用、焊接方法等方面讨论应变强化容器焊接的影响因素，将熔敷金属与母材的化学成分进行图表对比。

从安全II性能、强化变形影响角度，分别讨论了对接接头、接管与壳体焊接D类焊接接头、加强圈拼接接头的焊接接头应采用的结构型式。

关键词：应变强化；技术研究；设计应用；强化制造IIIABSTRACTThis article bases on the research of pressure strengthening austenitic stainless steel static cryogenic vessels. The pressure strengthening theory is to be studied, and technique is applied to design and manufacture of pressure product. Our company has successful design and manufacture experience of strengthening product according to ASME and EN standard, which could to be the base of developing strengthening product project. we have finished simulatedpressure strengthening product experiments, the article will make discussion and study on research，design and manufacture of pressure strengthening austenitic stainless steel static cryogenic vessels，refer to that experiences.(1) The application, main structure, insulation type of pressure strengthening austeniticstainless steel static cryogenic vessels are to be discussed，and current application field of pressure strengthening technique in foreign countries is to be generalized, also thedevelopment of pressure strengthening cryogenic vessel in china will be discussed.The mainstudy content of the article is to be introduced.(2) The austenitic stainless steel material mechanical property，allowable stress, ratio ofyield strength and tensile strength are to be discussed after a series of experiments；The maximum strain control is to be discussed; The traits and suited conditions of pressure strengthening at room temperature and cryogenic temperature are to be discussed. The core strengthening technology ,which is to be discussed on material selection，design, manufactureand welding；The special strengthening process technology of vertical cryogenic tank withmulti-players insulation is to be discussed, and the method to finished it is to be put forward；Some problems and difficulties in project application are to be generalized according to engineering practice.(3) There are two types material S30408（06Cr19Ni10）and 1.4301（X5CrNi18-10）in the research, physical tests before cold strengthening and after cold strengthening on base material and welding metal have been completed, the thickness of test materials are6mm,8mm and 10mm, some researches are completed on test reports. The design issues of pressure strengthening cryogenic vessel are to be discussed, including material choosing,design stress value, main preferences of cryogenic vessel, calculation for the inner vesselsubject to internal pressure and external pressure, method to deal with problems.The problemof outer jacket head subject to internal pressure is solved by finite element analysis method.IV (4) Insulation calculation between inner vessel and outer shell is to be researched.There are four types support structure to be contrasted. The problems of the strengthening cryogenic tanks are to be analysed，the finite element analysis method is used in safety performance calculation and estimate of a support structure subject to temperature load ,suitedfor strengthening cryogenic tank.The support structure of horizontal cryogenic tank is to be discussed, stress calculated in dangerous working condition and improved.(5) The special requests during manufacture process of pressure strengtheningcryogenic vessel will be analysed, and the problems, which include manhole setting,reinforcing ring, pipe line between inner vessel and outer shell, drainage structure, exhaustive structure ，are to be discussed. The pressure strengthening strain measurement is to be explored, according to product examples. Research about welding influent factors of pressure strengthening vessel is to be completed, such as shell material, tensile strength upper limit, welding material, welding method and so on. The chemical components of fuse metal andbase material are to be constructed through charts. The welding details are to be researched, which including butt welding, welding between nozzle and shell, weld details of butt weldingof reinforcing ring, according to safety performance and strengthening deformation.KEY WORDS：Pressure strengthening ；Technique research；Design and application; Strengthening manufacture目录摘要 (I)ABSTRACT (III)第一章绪论 (1)1.1 低温能源及装备发展现状简介 (1)1.2 固定式低温容器 (1)1.3 国内应变强化技术在低温装备的应用 (7)1.4 奥氏体不锈钢应变强化技术概况 (8)1.5 本文研究的内容 (11)第二章奥氏体不锈钢应变强化技术研究 (13)2.1 奥氏体不锈钢材料应变强化的技术基础 (13)2.2 应变强化技术理论探讨 (15)2.3 应变强化技术核心 (21)2.4 多层缠绕绝热立式低温储罐特殊强化过程工艺 (23)2.5 应变强化工程应用难点 (26)2.6 本章小结 (29)第三章应变强化型固定式低温容器设计 (30)3.1 应变强化低温储罐壳体材料的选择 (30)3.2 材料设计应力值 (37)3.3 低温储罐直径、高度的确定 (38)3.4 直径变形率讨论 (39)3.5 设计压力选取 (41)3.6 低温储罐壁厚计算和校核 (41)3.7 储罐外壳的内压校核计算 (46)3.8 本章小结 (52)第四章应变强化型低温容器传热及支撑结构设计 (54)4.1 低温储罐传热计算 (54)4.2 立式低温储罐支撑结构 (57)4.3 卧式储罐支撑结构 (73)4.4 本章小结 (82)第五章强化制造与结构设计 (83)5.1 强化容器制造过程................................................................................................... 83 5.2 人孔结构设置 (84)5.3 加强圈的设置 (86)5.4 应变强化容器的焊接 (86)5.5 焊接接头结构设计 (89)5.6 二次强化压力计算 (92)5.7 与制造工艺相关的结构设计 (93)5.8 低温储罐抽空处理和真空维持 (95)5.9 容器应变强化后变形 (97)5.10 本章小结 (100)第六章结论与展望 (101)6.1 论文的主要结论 (101)6.2 未解决的问题 (102)参考文献 (103)攻读工程硕士学位期间取得的研究成果 (107)致谢........................................................................................................................................108 符号说明δ -计算厚度，mm；φ -焊接接头系数；φ –直径，mm；ε –变形率，%；[σ] -许用应力，MPa；t-设计温度下的许用应力，MPa；σk-强化应力，MPa；nb-安全系数；mR -抗拉强度，MPa；elR -屈服强度，MPaRp1.0-1%非比例延伸强度，MPa；Rp0.2-0.2%非比例延伸强度，MPa；A -断后延伸率，%；LE -侧向膨胀量，mm；g- 重力加速度，9810 mm/s2；P -设计压力，MPa；Pc -计算压力，MPa；Pw -工作压力，MPa；Ph-液柱静压力，MPa；KV2-冲击功，J；S -安全系数。