托福写作必备语法
托福独立写作常用词汇disadvantage使用语法搭配细节实例讲解
托福独立写作常用词汇disadvantage使用语法搭配细节实例讲解托福独立写作因为其立论文的写作要求，所以某些特定词汇的使用频率会变得很高。
下面就和大家分享托福独立写作常用词汇disadvantage使用语法搭配细节实例讲解，希望能够帮助到大家，来欣赏一下吧。
托福独立写作常用词汇disadvantage使用语法搭配细节实例讲解托福独立写作常用词汇disadvantage定义分析想要用好一个词汇，大家要做的第一件事是了解这个词汇的准确定义，disadvantage的定义是a quality or condition that puts something or someone in an unfavorable or inferior position compared to others. 这里需要注意的是compared to others这个细节部分，也就是说这个词是用来对比的，换句话说，很多时候所谓的disadvantage其实都是相对而说的，如果没有对比对象，那么这个词汇也是不能随意使用的，它和shortcome还是存在一定区别的。
托福独立写作常用词disadvantage搭配用法实例精讲1. disadvantage of sth.这个用法应该是disadvantage比较常见的一个用法了，也就是某件事的缺点坏处，来看下面这些例句：a. The disadvantage of living in the countryside is the poor quality of education.b. One disadvantage of living in the countryside is the poor quality of education.c. One of the disadvantages of living in the countryside is the poor quality of education.需要注意的是，disadvantage of sth.的用法最好用在句首部分，如果是虚词结构(expletive construction)的句式比如Thereis/are之类的句子，就不要再直接接上disadvantage of sth.了，否则这种句子读上去很不自然，一般老外是不会这么写的，比如下面这几个句子，中国考生可能看不出什么问题，但老外考官读起来说不定就不太舒服了：a. There are many disadvantages to living in the countryside.b. There are many disadvantages in living in the countryside.2. at a disadvantage这个用法是在进行明显对比时候会经常用到的一个搭配用法，而且经常搭配一些特定形容词来体现对比差异，比如和competitive, clear, distinct这类词汇放在一起，比如：a. At a clear disadvantageb. At a distinct disadvantagec. At a competitive disadvantage当然这种用法并不只是放在句首，也可以放在句子当中或者句尾部分，基本句式如下：a. ___ (something) puts/places ___ (someone or something) ata disadvantage.b. ___ (someone or something) is at a disadvantage.上面两个句式再各给大家两个例句参考一下：a. His lack of formal education puts him at a clear disadvantage in the business world.b. The new tariff policy will place my company at a competitive disadvantage in the marketplace.c. Youll be at a disadvantage playing tennis against someone as skilled as Jimmy.d. Children from poor families are at a distinct disadvantage in education.3. to one’s disadvantagedisadvantage和介词的另一个实用搭配就是to one’s disadvantage了，这个搭配的意思也很简单，就是某件事给某个人造成了一些困难，常用句式有三个，句中句末都有，大家来了解一下：___ (something) is to ___(one’s) disadvantage =___ (something) works to ___(one’s) disadvantage =___ (something) puts ___(someone) at a disadvantage看过句式以后如果还是不会用可以再来读一读实际例句：a. My lack of formal education is to my disadvantage in the business world.b. I hope my lack of experience wont be to my disadvantage.c. It is to your disadvantage to not take this opportunity.d. The new tariff policy will work to our disadvantage.4. disadvantage形容词disadvantageous怎么用?说完了disadvantage本身，下面再讲一个根据这个词拓展出来的形容词disadvantageous的用法，这个词的基本定义是不利的，可以直接使用，比如：a. We have to resell the property at a disadvantageous time.b. Minority groups find themselves in a disadvantageous position.而除了直接使用外，它也有比较常见的用法搭配，也就是be disadvantageous to，来看实例：a. Living off campus is disadvantageous to students.b. The company believes the new regulation is disadvantageous to the growth of its business.5. disadvantage形容词disadvantaged用法介绍除了disadvantageous以外，disadvantage还有另一个比较常见的形容词形式，那就是disadvantaged，这个词和disadvantageous的意思有很大区别，一般是指因为缺少某些东西(比如金钱或是教育等)而弱势的或是社会地位较低的，比如：a. Research shows that men from disadvantaged backgrounds experience lower rates of marriage.b. Nowadays employers are reaching beyond their usual networks and hire more people from disadvantaged populations.c. Aborigines are the most disadvantaged ethnic group in Australia.d. Scholarships, grants, and financial aid make studying abroad affordable for disadvantaged students.而因为其含义，这个词汇也常和economically以及socially 搭配在一起使用，比如：a. Research shows economically disadvantaged children enter school with less developed cognitive skills than their peers..b. In addition to higher smoking prevalence, socially disadvantaged workers smoke more heavily and are less successful in quitting smoking compared to other workers.托福写作：题库范文附思路解析1. A plant that Is important in your countryPlants can provide food, shelter, clothing, or medicine. What is one kind of plant that is important to you or the people in your country? Use specific reasons and details to explain your choice.『分析』比如松树。
托福语法高分要点(完全整理版)概要
目录第一章名词 (2第二章形容词 (13第三章副词 (19第四章介词 (23第五章动词 (28第六章代词 (41第七章简单句 (45第八章并列句 (50第九章主从复合句 (54第十章时态 (62第十一章一致原则 (65第十二章倒装 (69第十三章被动语态 (72第十四章常考关于It的句式 (74 第十五章虚拟语气 (77第一章名词正确区分可数名词与不可数名词、正确选择可数名词单复数、名词之前的限定词与名词数(单复数之间的关系以及名词在句子中承担的成分是TOEFL中常考的内容第一节可数名词考点一单复数可数名词与不可数名词的典型区别在于前者有单数和复数两种形式。
TOEFL考试中经常在不可数名词后面加了s,变为复数形式,其实这是再考你辨别可数名词和不可数名词的能力。
TOEFL中还经常考可数名词是采用单数还是复数, 这往往要通过句意或者其他的一些指示词来辨别。
例如:various colors(various是各种各样的,后面当然要用复数形式下面我们会讲一下复数形式。
复数形式简而言之就是在单数词尾加-s,但实际上细分起来还有一些具体的规则:1.结尾是s, o, x, ch, sh 的词, 加-es, 如:buses, tomatoes, faxes, matches, brushes2.结尾是“辅音字母+y”的词, 去掉y加-ies, 如: factory-factories3.结尾是f, fe的词, 去掉f, fe加-ves, 如: half-halves, knife-knives4.结尾是o, f 的词也有一些加-s, 如: photos, beliefs, chiefs例题:(1 Flower have long been cultivated and bred for their beauty and their fragrance.A B C D答案:A应改为:Flowers解释:表泛指时,可数名词可用不定冠词加单数或直接用复数,因谓语是复数,故改为复数(2 Doctor are discovering that there is a strong psychological component to chronicA B C Dpain.答案:A应改为:Doctors解释:表泛指时,可数名词用冠词加单数或直接用复数,因谓语动词是复数,故名词也用复数考点二复数形式特例这部分主要考察学生对特殊复数形式的记忆,作为考题并不过多的出现,但是在题干中的出现率却非常高,因此熟悉下列一些词的复数形式有助于理解题意1.单复数词形相同如: people, fish, Chinese(某国人, aircraft, means, series, species,sheep, deer, aircraft 等2.外来词保留了原来的复数形式, 这一点需要重点掌握, 如:basis-bases analysis-analyses crisis-crisesmedium(媒体-media datum(数据-data curriculum(课程-curriculalarva(幼虫-larvae criterion(标准-criteria phenomenon(现象-phenomena3.通常只以复数形式出现的词语, 如:clothes trousers compasses(圆规 scales(天平 savings(储蓄,statistics(统计数据, headquarters(总部,4.复数形式有特殊意义的词语, 如:goods(货物, manners(礼貌, troops(军队, authorities(当局5 不规则的名词复数child - children mouse - mice louse - licetooth - teeth foot - feet6.注意:有一些结尾是-s的词, 但是要当作单数看待, 如: physics, politics, mathematics是表示学科的不可数名词例题:(1 With the incorporation of jazz history into current academic curricula, leadingA B Cjazz musicians are now founding on the faculties of several universities.D(2Like some other running birds, the sanderling lacks a back toe and has a three-toed feetA B C D答案:D应改为:foot解释:feet是foot的复数形式, 不定冠词a 之后应接可数名词的单数, 故将feet 改为单数词汇:sanderling: 三趾滨鹬第二节限定词名词究竟要用单数还是复数, 与名词之前的限定词有很大关系, 限定词通常分如下几类:1.之后肯定接单数:a /an, every, one, another, each, either, this, that, such a, many a, etc.例句:Each of them has two books.You can read either book. (两本书你可以随便读一本2.之后肯定接复数:these, those, many, such, other,大于one的数词(ten, hundred, thousand, million…,a few /few /fewer /fewest, a (great /good / large /small number of, several,one of, all (of, some /any (of, most(of, a lot of, lots of, the rest of, plenty of3.之后既可接单数又可接复数: the, no, his, her, their, my, etc注意:这几类词大多不能同时使用考点一否定限定词no(1 no既可用于可数名词复数前又可用于单数前, 表示否定意义. 例如:No flowers in the garden. 花园里没有花.No one is here.(2 no与否定副词not的区别是改错题的常见考点。
托福雅思写作高分语法规则
托福雅思写作高分语法规则规则1修饰语（描述事物的单词或短语）应靠近其修饰的单词或短语。
示例：Purchased last week, the new preparation materials helped the student study.常见错误：Purchased last week, the student studied with her new preparation materials.规则2确保代词指代一个特定的名词，并与其指代名词的单数或复数形式保持一致。
示例：The professor is a favorite at the university, but he is now taking a semester off.常见错误：The professor is a favorite at the university, but they were now taking a semester off.规则3牢记句子主语，确保主语始终与动词保持一致。
示例：Each of the authors involved in writing the book was a sociologist.常见错误：Each of the authors involved in writing the book were sociologists.规则4当一个句子中存在两个或多个并列成分时，应使用同类语法形式。
示例：The teacher thought he was a good student because he turned in his papers on time, tested well on exams and appeared enthusiastic.常见错误：The teacher thought he was a good student because he turned in his papers on time, tested well on exams and his enthusiasm was high.规则5当主语是动作的执行者时，选择主动语态（而非被动语态）。
托福考试必备托福英语语法整理
托福考试必备托福英语语法整理托福考试必备托福英语语法参与托福考试必备的，英语语法学问点，趁现在就把握它吧。
下面是学习啦我给大家整理的托福英语语法，供大家参阅!托福英语语法：一般现在时的用法1)、常常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。
时间状语：every, sometimes, at, on SundayI leave home for school at 7 every morning.2)、客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。
The earth moves around the sun.Shanghai lies in the east of China.3)、表示格言或警句中。
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
留意：此用法假如消失在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round..4)、现在时刻的状态、力量、性格、共性。
I dont want so much.Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup.I am doing my homework now.第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。
再如：Now watch me,I switch on the current and stand back. 其次句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。
托福英语语法：一般过去时的用法1)、在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。
Where did you go just now?2)、表示在过去一段时间内，常常性或习惯性的动作。
雅思托福语法之被动语态、定语从句
将主动语态中的主语和宾语颠倒 位置，并将谓语动词变为被动形
式。
02 定语从句
定义与特点
定义
定语从句是一种修饰名词或代词的从 句，用于描述名词或代词的特征或属 性。
特点
定语从句通常紧跟在所修饰的名词或 代词之后，用关系代词（如that、 which、who等）引导，对名词或代 词进行限定或补充说明。
04 练习与巩固
被动语态练习题
总结词
掌握被动语态的基本结构和用法
详细描述
被动语态是英语语法中的重要部分，用于描述动作的接受者而不是执行者。通过 练习题，可以加深对被动语态的理解和运用，包括各种时态和语态的转换，以及 在复杂句型中的应用。
定语从句练习题
总结词
熟悉定语从句的规则和用法
详细描述
定语从句用于修饰名词或代词，对其属性或特征进行描述。通过练习题，可以熟悉定语从句的规则和用法，包括 关系代词的选择、从句的时态和语态等，以及在写作中的应用。
雅思托福写作练习题
总结词
提高雅思托福写作水平
详细描述
雅思托福写作考试要求考生具备良好的语法和表达能力。通过练习雅思托福写作题，可以锻炼考生的 思维逻辑、语言表达和语法运用能力，提高雅思托福写作水平。
THANKS
功能不同
定语从句主要用来修饰名词或代词，限定其范围或补充说明其特征，而同位语 从句则用来补充说明主语的身份、地位等信息。
03
雅思托福考试中的被动语态与 定语从句
雅思托福考试中被动语态的考查重点
被动语态的基本形式
雅思托福考试中常考查被动语态的基本形式，如“be+过去分词 ”等。
被动语态的时态变化
考生需要掌握被动语态的各种时态，如一般现在时、一般过去时、 将来时等。
托福写作常用句型技法：名词性从句
托福写作常用句型技法：名词性从句在托福写作中运用一些从句可以为我们的文章加分，为了帮助大家备考，下面小编给大家带来托福写作常用句型技法：名词性从句。
托福写作常用句型技法：名词性从句托福写作常用名词性从句一：主语从句最常见的主语从句形式莫过于以that从句为主语、it为形式主语的倒装结构，进一步又可细分为以下两种：1. It is + adj. + that...这种结构常翻译为“……的是”，用于强调表达某种客观事实。
It is undeniable that opportunities and choices could sometimes make all the difference in a person's life.不可否认的是，有时在一个人的人生中，机遇和选择能够扭转乾坤。
It is unanvoidable that the rapid progress of industry leads to severe pollution.工业的迅速发展不可避免的导致严重污染。
It is unquestionable that schooling plays an essential role in children's personal development.毋庸置疑，学校教育在孩子们的个人发展中起到了至关重要的作用。
2. It is + v.-ed + that...这种结构常翻译为“人们/有人……”，用于表达某种有代表性的主观观点。
It is assumed that education should start as early as possible.有人设想，教育应当尽可能早地开始。
It is generally held that robots are more effecient than human labors.众所周知的是，机器人比人工更有效率。
It is reported that the temperature will decline sharply in oneor two days.据报道，近日气温将明显下降。
托福写作常用句型
托福写作常用句型托福写作常用句型托福写作其实并不难，只要你找到适合你学习的方法，为了帮助同学们度过这个难关，下面店铺为大家搜索整理了托福写作常用句型，希望能给大家带来帮助!1、表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能1)It is important(necessary,difficult,convenient,possible)for sb.to do sth.2)We think it necessary to do sth.3)It plays an important role in our life.例如： Computers are now being used everywhere,whether in the government,in schools or in business.Soon,computers will be found in every home,too.We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age.2、表示原因1)There are three reasons for this.2)The reasons for this are as follows.3)The reason for this is obvious.4)The reason for this is not far to seek.5)The reason for this is that...例如：There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life.Firstly,peoples living standard has been greatly improved.Secondly,most people are well paid,and they can afford what they need or st but not least,more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life.3、表示坏处1)It has more disadvantages than advantages.2)It does us much harm.3)It is harmfulto us.例如：However,everything dividesinto two.Television can also be harmful to us.It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching televi- sion.4、表示好处1)It has the following advantages.2)It does us a lot of good.3)It benefits us quite a lot.4)It is beneficial to us.5)It is of great benefit to us.例如： Books are like friends.They can help us know the world better,and they can open our minds and widen our horizons.Therefore,reading extensively is of great benefit to us.5、表示措施1)We should take some effective measures.2)We should try our best to overcome(conquer)the difficulties.3)We should do our utmost in doing sth.4)We should solve the problems that we are confronted(faced)with.例如：The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious.Therefore,we must take some effective measures to solve it.托福写作在语言上的考察点是非常高，所以新托福考试在语言上一定要引起极度重视，一篇好的文章是由一个个句子堆砌起来的，每一句话都是这篇文章的重点我们万万不可忽视，在这里面不仅仅体现了考生的'语法用词，还能体现考生对于题目的思路看法，以及对美国地道用语的运用。
托福基础语法(1)
一般过去时态
• It is high/about time that …did… • 现在是……时候了
• 现在是电子书籍完全取代纸质书籍的时 候了。
• It is about time that electronic books completely replaced paper books.
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一般现在时态
3. 客观真理、客观存在 哥伦布证明了地球是圆的。
Columbus proved that the earth was round. Columbus proved that the earth is round.
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一般过去时态
• 表示在过去时间里发生过的事情。
• 主语+ v过去式
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现在完成时态
过去发生，已经完成，对现在有影响 have/has + done
区别： I loved him. I have loved him.
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现在进行时态
2.go,come,leave,arrive,return(去来离到)等 动词现在进行时可以表示将要发生的、计 划好、安排好的事情。 You are going to Britain next year. He is arriving at 10 p.m. I'm leaving for Beijing.
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造句
•如果我们忽视环境保护，全球性的生态危 机就快到了。 •come/approach / ecological crisis / neglect
•A global ecological crisis is approaching, if we neglect environmental protection.
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短语：和传统语法中的短语定义并不相同，实际运用中频率很高，同位语和介词短语，曾经是心中永远的痛之一，可以理解为插入语，也可以是修饰成分1.名词短语：在写作中，多用名词短语而非单个名词做主语或宾语。
例如，The well-dressed young man named shawn.2.同位语短语:跟在一个名词或者代词后面补充说明的成分。
分为限定性和不限定性，这里的限定的定义也适合所谓的定语从句。
非限定性同位语用2个逗号将其和句子隔开，例如，shawn,a well-known teacher,was unemployed.shawn为人名，认识我的人一看就知道，已经非常具体了，因此后面的同位语并不是起到限定和区别的作用，除非天下有千千万万个shawn......限定性同位语不用逗号隔开，例如，A well-known teacher shawn was unemployed.出名的老师多了去了，加上一个shawn就限定这一个老师不是其他的著名的老师。
检验一个同位语是不是限定性可以将其去掉，看对前面的名词是否有影响。
3.动词短语系动词表语：一个名词短语，回指主语。
shawn becomes a well-known teacher.谓语形容词：一个描述性形容词，回指主语。
shawn is handsome.行为动词零补语：一个不及物动词。
shawn smiled.直接宾语：一个名词短语做宾语。
shawn loves the students.双重宾语：一个间接宾语和一个直接宾语。
shawn brings the students a present.辨别间接和直接宾语：间接宾语往往可以在前面加上“for或者to”。
例如，shawn brings a present for the students.宾语和宾补：两个名词短语，都指同一个人或事。
例如，shawn considered edison the man.（edison=the man）双重宾语与动词有关，是动词的内容；宾补结构只涉及两个名词短语宾语和形容词宾补：形容词要回指宾语。
例如，shawn believed edison capable.4.介词短语1）用作形容词的介词短语：The students in the neworiental school admired shawn.名词短语一般是这样的顺序，形容词+名词+介词短语，例如，The brilliant students from shawn's class are always happy.作为形容词的介词短语作为主语的一个问题就是主谓一致：A group of shawn's students are good at Chinese as well.这是经常性错误，这里的be动词应该用is2）用作副词的介词短语修饰动词：如果介词短语能够像副词一样，转移到句首，句子依旧正确，那么该介词短语就是修饰动词的介词短语。
例如：The students shake shawn's hand after class.也作：After class,the students shake shawn's hand.因此，after class是修饰动词shake，说明什么时候shake修饰表语形容词：Shawn is unhappy with the current situation.很明显，不能是修饰名词，也不可能修饰动词，因为介词短语的位置不能转移。
修饰副词：The prince and princess lived happily in the castle.in the castle修饰副词happily非谓语动词1、动名词短语注意：1.动名词短语永远是单数2.阅读中遇见动名词短语可以用it代替，提高阅读的效率。
3.写作中运用动名词短语可以变换句型，使句子简短。
4.如何区别表语和现在进行时：现在进行时是可以变成其他时态的，而充当表语的动名词短语却不行，动名词短语可以用it代替并且句子依旧成立。
His main activity is watching daytime TV.His main activity watched daytime TV.He is watching daytime TV.He watched daytime TV.2、分词短语注意：1.现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动，一个boring的老师让学生烦，一个被学生烦恼的老师。
2.名词不要单独放，有三个选择可以修饰：形容词，形容性从句，分词短语。
不要滥用从句，分词短语使句子简洁。
3.用分词短语修饰名词然后做主语时，谓语单复数由名词决定，不要因为修饰成分而忘记了。
The reporters covering the news/The man wearing the silly shirtThe houses located on the beach4.用一用经常在阅读中出现的非限定性分词短语，显出长短句结合以及变化。
Shawn,muttering under his breath,returned to work.Shawn,upset by Yu,vowed revenge.5.阅读中的指示题经常会遇到，影响阅读效率之一的问题：非限定性分词短语可以从他修饰的名词移开，悬垂分词。
Muttering under his breath,Shawn returned to work.Upset by Yu,Shawn vowed revenge.当分词短语实际上没有修饰主语时，产生悬垂分词。
Wrapped in beatiful paper,Shawn gave Yu his Christmas surprise.3、不定式短语⑴注意：1.不定式做主语永远是单数，用不定式做主语可以达到变换句型，强调目的的作用。
⑵用作形容词的不定式短语The need to sleep was nearly overwhelming.We marked the items to be put on sale.Here is a list of drags for women to aviod during the pregnancy.注意：用作形容词的不定式短语可用代词替换来检验。
⑶用作副词的不定式短语I stayed up all night to finish my book.They sold the bonds to invest in stock market.We finally moved into a hotel for the kids to get some sleep.注意：1.用作副词的不定式短语一般用来回答why的问题，可在to前面加上in order来检验。
2.和副词一样，用作副词的不定式短语也可以移到句首，后面用逗号隔开，因此也要注意悬垂的问题。
⑷用于修饰表语形容词的不定式短语We are ready to go.I am anxious to start packing for our trip.They are ready for us to come in for dinner now.注意：与用作副词修饰动词的不定式短语的区别，可以用移位的方法。
快速提高托福写作水平的几个捷径：1、主语的丰富化：不定式、名词性从句、名词+形容词性从句、名词+介词短语、名词+插入语、动名词短语、分词短语、2、以副词性从句开头：时间：Before the movie even started,I had finished my popcorn.When the movie starts,the theater gets really quiet.地点：Where the accident had occurred,we found broken glass.Everywhere she went,the lamb followed mary.原因：Because she has to lock up tonight,Sue needs the key.Since it was getting pretty one-sided,we left the game early.条件：If I were you,I wouldn’t do that.Unless you want to go yourself,Fred will go to the meeting.让步：Although he didn’t want to,Fred went to the meeting.Even though none of us were very hungry,we went to dinner.3、形容性从句修饰名词：要注意关系代词在从句中充当成分I met with the real estate agent who sold us our house.She married a man whom she had met at work.I contacted the person whose car I bumped into.I finally read the book that you told me about.I took the test which is regarded as the most difficult one.4、名词性从句：作为名词用代词it检验What he does for a living is a big mystery.I know that you are right.We were aware of what we needed to do.That is what we wanted.5、复合复杂句：简单句：Shawn is unhappy with NOS.复合句：Shawn is unhappy with NOS,and he wants a raise.复杂句：Shawn wants a raise because he has to work during the vacation.复合复杂句：Shawn is unhappy with NOS,and he wants a raise because he has to work during the vacation.。