英语国家概况Unit 7
余志远《英语国家概况》（2015年版）复习笔记和课后习题详解（第7章英国政治——第9章美国地理）
余志远《英语国家概况》（2015年版）复习笔记和课后习题详解（第7章英国政治——第9章美国地理）第7章英国政治7.1 复习笔记【知识框架】Ⅰ. Constitutional FrameworkⅡ. Parliament1. The Crown or Sovereign2. The House of Lords3. The House of Commons4. The Prime Minister and the CabinetⅢ. Regional GovernmentⅣ. Local GovernmentⅤ. JusticeⅥ. Political Process1. Elections2. Two-part System3. Female Representation in Britain PoliticsⅦ. Security【重难点归纳】The UK is a state of constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary democracy. In theUK, the country’s head of state is the reigning king or queen, and the head of government is the prime minister, who is the leader of the majority political party in the House of Commons.英国是⼀个君主⽴宪制和议会民主制国家。
在英国，国家元⾸是在位的国王或⼥王，政府⾸脑是⾸相，他是下议院多数党领袖。
Ⅰ. Constitutional Framework1. The British constitution is made up of statute law, common law and conventions.2. The main elements of the government are the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary.Ⅰ. 宪法框架1. 英国宪法由成⽂法、普通法和公约组成。
自考英语国家概况精讲系列第七章
Chapter 7第七章Government and Administration英国政府机构The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy， the head of state is a king or a queen. The United Kingdom is governed， in the name of the Sovereign by His or Her Majesty‘s Government. The System of parliamentary government is not based on a written constitution， the British constitution is not set out in any single document. It is made up of statute law， common law and conventions. The Judiciary determines common law and interprets statutes.联合王国是君主⽴宪制国家，国家的⾸脑是国王或⼥王。
联合王国以君的名义，由国王或⼥王陛下政府治理。
英国的议会制度并不是基于成⽂宪法，英国宪法不由单⼀⽂件构成，⽽由成⽂法，习惯法和惯例组成。
司法部门裁定习惯法或解释成⽂法。
I.The Monarchy君主制1.Elizabeth II， her title in the United Kingdom is “Elizabeth the Second， by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and Her Other Realms and Territories， Queen， Head of the Commonwealth，Defender of the Faith.伊莉莎⽩⼆世，她的全称是“上帝神佑，⼤布列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国以及她的其他领⼟和领地的⼥王，英联邦元⾸，国教保护者伊莉莎⽩⼆世。
英语国家概况 第7章 英国政治
1）英国不是联邦制国家，而是单一制国家。
在单一制国家里，只有一个组织拥有职权，处理当地所有的事务。
2）它是君主立宪制和议会民主制的结合。
君主立宪是一种政体，君主作为国家元首，在宪法指导下处理事务，无论是成文的宪法还是混合宪法。
君主立宪政体有时被称为有限君主制、加冕的共和制或议会君主制。
3）在英国，国家元首是在位的国王或女王，政府首脑是首相，他是下议院多数党领袖。
The British constitution is only partly written. It is made up ofstatute law, common law and conventions（成文法，习惯法和公约）. It is more flexible than the written constitution of other countries.1）组成：英国宪法只有一部分成文规定。
它是由成文法、习惯法和惯例组成。
它比其他国家的成文宪法更灵活。
the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary （立法，行政和司法）.2）政府的主要组成部分：立法，行政和司法the lord chancellor（大法官） is a member of all three branches.He serves as a member of the cabinet （内阁）（executive branch）, as the government’s leader in the House of Lords （上议院） （legislative branch）, and as the head of the country ’s judiciary（国家司法体系）（judicial branch）.3）机关之间的重叠：大法官同时任职于三个机关。
他是内阁成员（执行机关），担任上议院议长（立法机关）以及国家司法部门（司法机关）的领导。
[其它考试]英语国家概况UNITE 7
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• 8)Reasons ..notoriously argue and varied .critics maintain that law enforcement force like the police and the courts are too lenient in their treatment of criminal suspects ad in their sentencing.
• 1) In the judiciary act of 1789,the first congress divided the nation into districts ,an essential principle of division that continues today
The Court Structure
• 4)There may be one or more judges at each district court.
• 5)Appealed case will normally go to a US court of appeals in one of eleven judicial circuits in the country.
• 7)Eg:only represent a little bit over 12 percent of us population ,and ye account for 35 percent of all convictions for offences ,and receive 74 percent of all prision sentences.
• 8)At the top of the hierarchy ,is the Supreme Court , whose jurisdiction is both original and appellate. • 9)Whether in national or state courts , decide case ; hey do not prosecute people.
英语国家概况第7讲
1、如蒙早日寄来样品或产品册，我方将不胜感激。 It would be appreciated if samples and/or a brochure could be forwarded to us soon. 我方将不胜感激： We shall be grateful/thankful We should appreciate it if …
selling offer
buying offer
bid
offeror
offeree
fully competitive price
售货发盘 购货发盘 递盘 发盘人 受盘人 可资竞争的价格
Key Notions and Translation
被动句；定语从句；分词形式
询盘通常由买方发出，向卖方询问贸易条件。也可以由卖方发出，他可以通过向外商询盘，说明向买方销售某种商品的意图，并开始磋商。 Inquiry is usually made by the Buyer, inquiring the Seller about the terms of a sale. It can also be made by the Seller, who may initiate the negotiation by making an inquiry to a foreign Buyer, stating his intention of selling a certain kind of goods to the buyer.
值得注意的是：It is worth noting that 发起询盘：make an inquiry 有义务做：be obliged to do 置之不理：make no reply at all 值得注意的是不管是谁发起的询盘，都没有义务一定要购买或者销售，同时，另一方也可以置之不理。 It is worth noting that whoever makes an inquiry is not obliged to buy or sell, and the other party, at the same time, can make no reply at all.
英美国家概况Unit 7 British Education System (英国的教育体制)
* after 5 years of secondary schooling, at about age 16, except Scottish students, the students sit their GCSE exams (General Certificate of Secondary Education)中学毕业证书考试
7. The National Curriculum (全国教学大纲)
8. public school {(英国的) 私立中学}
9. GCSE General Certificate of Secondary Education (中学毕业证书)
10. GCE-A General Certificate of Education ---Advanced (高级水平测试结业证书)
3. The influence of the church on schooling (教会对于学校教育的影响)
4. The 1944 Education Act (1944年的教育法)
5. Comprehensive school {<英>(招收学生时不分资质的)综合中学}
6. Grammar school (文法学校)
1) class inequality can be erased or continued according to educational policy（教育政策可以铲除地位的不平等，也可以使这种不平等继续存在。这说明在英国，是否受到良好教育直接影响到你的社会地位）
2) the school tie is a clear marker of social class
“The three R’s” (“reading, ’riting and ’rithmetic”) — to provide children with literacy and the other basic skills they will need to become active members of society and also to socialise children, teaching them rules and values needed to become good citizens, to participate in the community, an to contribute to the economic prosperity of an advanced industrial economy.
英概Unit7BritishEducationSystem
Unit 7 British Education SystemI. IntroductionThe purpose of the British education system▪The purpose of the British education is not only to provide children with literacy and the other basic skills they will need to become active members of society but also to socialize children.The relationship between education and social class▪Britain is a society in which social class is still very important. Class inequality can be erased or continued according to educational policy. In Britain, the accent you speak with, the clothes you wear, and the schools you attend are all markers that identify your social class. The school tie is a clear marker of social class. Even on informal occasions you will sometimes see men wearing their school ties as belts to hold up their trousers-proudly displaying their attendance at a certain school.▪In Britain, where you are educated is still very important to your future. “The old boys network”refers to the elite groups of men who went to public schools like Eton and Winchester; and universities like Oxford and Cambridge. They dominate government, and are influential in banking, the media, the arts and education.The old boys network英国有一句名言：“你知道多少知识无关紧要，重要的是你认识谁。
英语国家概况 英国chapter7v2
access n. 途径 have access to sth. ad hoc a. 特别的,专门的 on an ad hoc basis 临时权宜地 compulsory adj. 义务的必修的 compulsory education corporal/physical punishment 体罚 elite n. 社会精英 civil servant curriculum n. 课程 plural form? Curricular? evacuate vt. 腾空；腾出 evacuation executive n. 行政人员 CEO? literacy n. 识字；有学问 literate adj. n. 有学问的，学者 illiteracy illiterate truancy n. 逃学；旷课 truant adj. n. truant from school proficient adj. 熟练的；精通的 proficiency residential/boarding school 寄宿学校
The
history of British education system The present education system Higher education
Grammar
school Comprehensive school Vocational school Public school Oxbridge 11-plus examination11＋考试 GCSE （General Certificate of Secondary Education）中学毕业证书 General Certificate of EducationAdvanced: A Level 高级水平测试结业证书