英语国家概况_第章
英语国家概况Unit 1
Unit 1
A Brief Introduction
Full name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Shortened form: United Kingdom or UK Popular names: the UK, Britain, England, British Isles In 1927 the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland was adopted.
The
Nickname: John Bull
The Union Flag/Union Jack
Symbols
St. George's Cross ,
St, Andrew’s Cross,
St. Patrick’s Cross
The national anthem: God Save the Queen (King) The national emblem: the British Royal Arms
The differences of British society
1. Britain is divided economically: it is a society with a class-structure. 2. Another difference which marks British society is that of region. Even within each of the four countries there are different regions. 3. Part of the reason for that economic difference between north and south is found in another distinction which marks British society: the difference between the capital and the provinces. (the significant role of London.
英语国家概况 Chapter 1
The UK is made up of:
Great Britain ( England , Scotland and Wales ) Northern Ireland
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Lake District
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Landmarks & Symbols of London
Big Ben
Westminster Abbey
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3. Major Cities—London
the capital of England and the United Kingdom the political, industrial, cultural and financial center of the country one of the world's leading banking and financial centers
英语国家概况__谢福之_复习资料
Chapter 1全名: the United Kingdom of Great Britain （大不列颠联合王国）（大不列颠联合王国） and Northern Ireland （北爱尔兰）（北爱尔兰） 由成千上万的小岛组成（the British Isles ）. 两大岛屿：Great Britain （大不列颠）（大不列颠） and Ireland （爱尔兰）（爱尔兰）The River Thames (second longest and most important), originates （起源于） in southwestern England -----North Sea. Scotland ( Edinburgh 爱丁堡爱丁堡 ) important river:Clyde River kilts （苏克兰小短裙）（苏克兰小短裙） Wales ( Cardiff 加迪夫，著名港口 ). The Severn River is the longest river of Britain------flow through western England. Northern Ireland (Belfast 贝尔法斯特，首府) Lough Lough Neagh----the Neagh----the Neagh----the largest largest largest lake lake lake in in in the the British Isles. Climate : temperate, with warm summers, cool winters and plentiful precipitation(降雨量)，冬暖夏凉，降雨充沛暖夏凉，降雨充沛Three major features : winter fog, rainy day, instability : winter fog, rainy day, instability 冬天多雾，常年多雨，天气不定冬天多雾，常年多雨，天气不定London ---Buckingham Palace （白金汉宫）, Guildhall (市政厅), St. Paul ’s Cathedral （圣保（圣保罗大教堂）, The Tower Bridge of London （伦敦塔桥）（伦敦塔桥）The majority of the population is descendants of the Anglo-Saxons, a Germanic people from Europe.大部分的人口是盎格鲁-撒克逊人的后裔，从欧洲来的日耳曼人 Most people in Wales and Scotland are descendants of the Celtic people, including the Irish people 威尔士和苏格兰的大多数人都是凯尔特人的后裔，包括爱尔兰人威尔士和苏格兰的大多数人都是凯尔特人的后裔，包括爱尔兰人English belongs to the Indo-European family of languages. English is in the Germanic group.英语属于日耳曼语语系英语属于日耳曼语语系 Germanic group: East Germanic, North Germanic, West Germanic. English evolved from the West Germanic group.日耳曼语系：东日耳曼语，北日耳曼语，西日耳曼语。
《英语国家概况》-_Chapter_1_Land_and_People
第一章国土与人民Ⅰ.英国的不同名称及其区域人们说到英国时常常使用不同的名称:不列颠、大不列颠、英格兰、不列颠群岛、联合王国等。
这些名称一样吗?还是有所区别?严格地讲，不列颠诸岛、大不列颠和英格兰都是地理名称。
它们并不是这个国家的正式名称。
不列颠诸岛是由两个大岛和几百个小岛组成的。
两个大岛是不列颠岛和爱尔兰岛，其中不列颠岛较大，它与爱尔兰岛的北部一北爱尔兰构成联合王国。
因此，联合王国的正式国名是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
但一口气说出这么长的国名太费事，因此，人们就说不列颠，联合王国或简单地说UK。
这是不列颠岛上的一个国家，首都是伦敦。
另外还有一个国家，叫爱尔兰共和国或称爱尔兰，也位于不列颠岛上。
它占据了爱尔兰岛的其余部分，在岛的南部。
1949年始爱尔兰独立，首都是都柏林。
大不列颠岛上有三个政治区:英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。
英格兰面积最大、人口最多，一般说来也最富裕。
因此人们常用英格兰指代英国，用英格兰人指代英国人。
这有时令苏格兰人和威尔士人不快，他们不认为自己是"英格兰人"，他们有自己的文化，甚至有自己的语言。
英国一直是世界上最重要的国家之一。
约一百年前，由于推行帝国主义扩张政策，英国成为一个帝国，这个帝国占有世界上四分之一的人口，四分之一的面积。
它不仅在北美，而且在亚洲、非洲和澳洲都有殖民地。
但是两次世界大战大大削弱了英国，英国殖民地接二连三独立，大英帝国逐渐消失，1931年由英联邦所取代。
英联邦是一个自由联合体，由曾经是英国殖民地变为现已独立的国家构成。
成员国之间实行经济合作，有一定的贸易协议。
英联邦没有特别的权力，是否参加英联邦由各成员国自己决定。
目前( 1991年) ，英联邦有50个成员国。
Ⅱ.英国的地理特征英国是个岛国，四周是海。
它位于欧洲北海岸附近的北大西洋中。
南面的英吉利海峡和东面的北海把英国与欧洲的其他部分隔开。
英法之间的英吉利海峡很狭窄，最狭窄的地方叫多佛尔海峡，只有33公里宽。
英语国家概况(汉英对照)
英语国家概况A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIESPart One The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland第一部分大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国第一章国土与人民Chapter 1 Land and PeopleⅠ.英国的不同名称及其区域1. Different Names for Britain and its Parts人们说到英国时常常使用不同的名称:不列颠、大不列颠、英格兰、不列颠群岛、联合王国等。
这些名称一样吗?还是有所区别? When people refer to Britain, they often use different names such as Britain, Great Britain, England, the British Isles, the United Kingdom or the U.K. Do they mean the same thing? Or are they different?严格地讲，不列颠诸岛、大不列颠和英格兰都是地理名称。
它们并不是这个国家的正式名称。
不列颠诸岛是由两个大岛和几百个小岛组成的。
两个大岛是不列颠岛和爱尔兰岛，其中不列颠岛较大，它与爱尔兰岛的北部一北爱尔兰构成联合王国。
因此，联合王国的正式国名是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
但一口气说出这么长的国名太费事，因此，人们就说不列颠，联合王国或简单地说UK。
这是不列颠岛上的一个国家，首都是伦敦。
另外还有一个国家，叫爱尔兰共和国或称爱尔兰，也位于不列颠岛上。
它占据了爱尔兰岛的其余部分，在岛的南部。
1949 年始爱尔兰独立，首都是都柏林。
Strictly speaking, the British Isles,Great Britain and England are all geographical names. They are not the official name of the country. The British Isles are made up of two large islands and hundreds of small ones. The two large islands are Great Britain andIreland. Great Britain is the larger of these two islands. It forms the United Kingdom with Northern Ireland—the northern part of Ireland. So the official name of the United Kingdom is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. But it is too much of a mouthful to say such a long name for a country, so people just say Britain, the United Kingdom or simply U.K. This is one country on the British Isles and its capital is London. There is another country called the Republic of Ireland or Eire on the British Isles. It takes up the remainder of Ireland—the southern part of Ireland. It has been an independent republic since 1949 and its capital is Dublin.大不列颠岛上有三个政治区:英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。
英语国家概况归纳
Introduction to English-speaking Countries第一章英国●Full NameThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland，简称“UK（联合王国）”。
●Geography位于欧洲大陆西北部的Great Britain Island（大不列颠岛）上，东濒North Sea（北海），西临Atlantic（大西洋），南与European Continent（欧洲大陆）以English Channel（英吉利海峡）、Denver Channel（多佛海峡）相隔。
由Great Britain（包括England、Scotland、Wales和Ireland东北部）和附近大约5500多个小岛组成。
陆界与Republic of Ireland （爱尔兰共和国）接壤。
国土总面积共24.18万平方公里，海岸线总长1.15万公里。
Ⅰ、Scotland（苏格兰地区）Glasgow（格拉斯哥）——第一大城市（英国全境第三大城市），为苏格兰地区工业重镇，著名的Clyde（克莱德河）即流经此地。
市里有University of Glasgow（格拉斯哥大学）、St Monger（圣蒙戈）大教堂和Hampton Court Park（汉普登公园）。
Edinburgh（爱丁堡）——第二大城市，为苏格兰自治政府所在地，历史悠久，素有“Northern Athens（北方雅典）”之美誉。
城区以Princes Street（王子大街）为界，一边是New Town，一边是Old Town。
著名古迹有：Edinburgh Castle（爱丁堡城堡）、St Giles′Cathedral（圣吉尔教堂）、National Gallery of Scotland（苏格兰国立美术馆）、Scott Monument（司各特纪念碑）、Palace of Holyroodhouse（圣十字架宫）等。
英语国家概况 第一章
Eastern （东部） ---Balto-Slavonic （波罗的—斯拉夫语族） Baltic ---Lettish ---Lithuanian Slavonic ---Russian ---Bulgarian ---Czech ---Polish ---Serbian ---Indo-Iranian （印度-伊朗语族） ---Sanskrit （焚语） ---Persian ---Languages of India ---Albanian ---Armenian
3.Major Cities
ndon , the capital of both England and the United Kingdom , is the political, industrial , culture and financial center of the country. Landmark: Guildhall and St . Paul`s Cathedral (圣保罗大教堂) 2.Edinburgh , the capital of Scotland，is famous for the University of Edinburgh . Edinburgh is Scotland`s administrative , financial , legal , medical and insurance center. 3.Cardiff is the Europe`s youngest capital fashionable city and shopping center. city of Wales. Most
The Clyde River ,most important river in Scotland. Edinburgh is its capital. Tourism is the most important industries.(conclud drinking Scotch whisky and enjoying Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes [ˈ ɡpaip]) bæ
英语国家概况,课件(一)chapter1 (1)
C h a p t e r I1.G e o g r a p h y，P e o p l ea n d t h e L a n g u a g eI.G e o g r a p h yG e o g r a p h i c a l F e a t u r e s o f B r i t i s h I s l e sL o c a t i o n i n t h e W o r l d1).B r i t a i n i s l o c a t e d i n t h e n o r t h w e s t o f E u r o p e.2).S o u t h:c u t o f f f r o m t h e c o n t i n e n t b y t h e E n g l i s h C h a n n e l.(B r i t a i n d o e s n o t s h a r e l a n db o r d e r w i t h a n yc o u n t r i e s e x c e p t t h e R e p u b l i c o f I r e l a n d.)3).N o r t h a n d E a s t:N o r t h S e a4).W e s t:t h e A t l a n t i c O c e a nN a m e a n d A r e a⏹F u l l n a m e:t h e U n i t e d K i n g d o m o f G r e a t B r i t a i n a n d N o r t h e r n I r e l a n d(大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国）⏹O t h e r n a m e s:B r i t a i n,G r e a t B r i t a i n,E n g l a n d,t h e U n i t e d K i n g d o m o r t h e U.K.⏹N i c k n a m e:J o h n B u l l约翰牛约翰牛是英国的绰号。
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Do you know how the names of the days in a week came into being? The Anglo-Saxons brought their own Teutonic（日耳曼人的） religion to Britain. The names Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday respectively derive from their gods. — Tiu—god of war — Woden—king of heaven — Thor—god of storms — Freya—goddess of peace
Stonehenge and its Statue
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1.1.2 Celtic凯尔特 Britain (8th—5th Century BC)
英语国家概况 Guide to English-Speaking Countries
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Chapter 2 History
英 语 国 家 概 况
A Guide to English-Speaking Countries
Roman Christianity St. Augustine brings Christianity 基督教to Britain from Rome and becomes Archbishop of Canterbury
Pope Gregory I
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1.1.3 Roman Britain (43 AD—5th Century)
How many invasions? First invasion—In August 55 BC, Julius Caesar invaded Britain Second—Caesar's second raid in 54 BC
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1.1.5 Danish Invasion (8th CentuБайду номын сангаасy—1066)
the Vikings 威金人 (from the Scandinavian countries: Norway, Denmark and Sweden) Alfred the Great, king of Wessex
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在泰晤士河畔，在钟声回荡的国会大厦西南侧，耸立着英 国最古老的建筑物——威斯敏斯特教堂。这里长眠着从享 利三世到乔治二世等20多位国王，憩息着牛顿、哈代、 狄更斯、达尔文、吉卜林这些享誉世界的巨人，还有二战 “不列颠之战”中牺牲的皇家空军将士。 威斯敏斯特教堂碑文(2009-03-03 19:18:45)标签： 杂谈 当我年轻的时候，我的想象漫无边际，我梦想改变这 个世界；当我成熟以后，我发现我不能改变这个世界，我 将目缩短了一些，决定只改变我的国家；当我进入暮年以 后，我发现我不能够改变我的国家，我最后的愿望仅仅是 改变我的家庭，然而，这似乎也不可能· · 现在，我已 ·· ·· 经躺在床上，就在生命将要完结的时候，我突然意识到: 如果一开始我就首先改变自己。然后，作为一个榜样，我 可能为国家做一些重要的事情就在我为国家服务的时候， 我或许能因为某些意想不到的行为，改变这个世界· · ·· ··
The name of Britain—Britons Tribal society Celtic Language (Irish Gaelic盖尔语, Scottish Gaelic, Welsh)
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A peace treaty: the eastern half of the
island was to be subject to the Danish law and come to be known as the Danelaw From 1016 to 1042, under the rule of Danish kings. In 1042, the English throne was returned to the Anglo-Saxons Alfred（阿尔弗雷德） the Great, also known as “Father of the British Navy”.
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1.1 Roman Britain and Anglo-Saxons
1.1.1 Prehistoric Period (history undocumented)
Norman Cavalier
Duke William
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1.1.6 The Norman Conquest
In 1067, William started building the Tower of London, the great fortress which demonstrated his power and dominated the city of London.
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1.1.4 The Anglo-Saxon Invasion (5th—8th Century)
Germanic日耳曼人（或民族）的 people (the Jutes朱特人 from Jutland, Angles from South of Denmark and Saxons from Germany) English (language of the Angles) dominant language
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1.2.1 Great Charter (Magna Carta)
In 1154 Henry II ascended the throne Henry II reformed the courts and the laws: introduced the jury system (陪审团制度) institutionalized common law
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1.1.6 The Norman Conquest
In 1066, Edward chose Harold of Wessex to be King in his place. Duke William, often referred to as William the Conquer, challenged Harold’s succession, won the Battle of Hastings, and was crowned King.
Henry II
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9,000 years ago 3,000 BC
part of E-Continent Iberians (Stonehenge)
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1.1 Roman Britain and Anglo-Saxons
Stonehenge巨石阵 It is the most famous prehistoric monument in Britain and is situated on Salisbury Plain in the county of Wiltshire. People began building Stonehenge about 5,000 years ago, dragging each stone into place.
Third and final—In 43 AD, Emperor Claudius, final and successful Roman invasion of Britain
Left—Germanic attack in Rome, forcing all Roman troops to leave Britain, and thus ending the Roman occupation of the island.