英语国家概况第讲
英语国家概况Unit 1
Unit 1
A Brief Introduction
Full name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Shortened form: United Kingdom or UK Popular names: the UK, Britain, England, British Isles In 1927 the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland was adopted.
The
Nickname: John Bull
The Union Flag/Union Jack
Symbols
St. George's Cross ,
St, Andrew’s Cross,
St. Patrick’s Cross
The national anthem: God Save the Queen (King) The national emblem: the British Royal Arms
The differences of British society
1. Britain is divided economically: it is a society with a class-structure. 2. Another difference which marks British society is that of region. Even within each of the four countries there are different regions. 3. Part of the reason for that economic difference between north and south is found in another distinction which marks British society: the difference between the capital and the provinces. (the significant role of London.
《英语国家概况》-_Chapter_1_Land_and_People
第一章国土与人民Ⅰ.英国的不同名称及其区域人们说到英国时常常使用不同的名称:不列颠、大不列颠、英格兰、不列颠群岛、联合王国等。
这些名称一样吗?还是有所区别?严格地讲，不列颠诸岛、大不列颠和英格兰都是地理名称。
它们并不是这个国家的正式名称。
不列颠诸岛是由两个大岛和几百个小岛组成的。
两个大岛是不列颠岛和爱尔兰岛，其中不列颠岛较大，它与爱尔兰岛的北部一北爱尔兰构成联合王国。
因此，联合王国的正式国名是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
但一口气说出这么长的国名太费事，因此，人们就说不列颠，联合王国或简单地说UK。
这是不列颠岛上的一个国家，首都是伦敦。
另外还有一个国家，叫爱尔兰共和国或称爱尔兰，也位于不列颠岛上。
它占据了爱尔兰岛的其余部分，在岛的南部。
1949年始爱尔兰独立，首都是都柏林。
大不列颠岛上有三个政治区:英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。
英格兰面积最大、人口最多，一般说来也最富裕。
因此人们常用英格兰指代英国，用英格兰人指代英国人。
这有时令苏格兰人和威尔士人不快，他们不认为自己是"英格兰人"，他们有自己的文化，甚至有自己的语言。
英国一直是世界上最重要的国家之一。
约一百年前，由于推行帝国主义扩张政策，英国成为一个帝国，这个帝国占有世界上四分之一的人口，四分之一的面积。
它不仅在北美，而且在亚洲、非洲和澳洲都有殖民地。
但是两次世界大战大大削弱了英国，英国殖民地接二连三独立，大英帝国逐渐消失，1931年由英联邦所取代。
英联邦是一个自由联合体，由曾经是英国殖民地变为现已独立的国家构成。
成员国之间实行经济合作，有一定的贸易协议。
英联邦没有特别的权力，是否参加英联邦由各成员国自己决定。
目前( 1991年) ，英联邦有50个成员国。
Ⅱ.英国的地理特征英国是个岛国，四周是海。
它位于欧洲北海岸附近的北大西洋中。
南面的英吉利海峡和东面的北海把英国与欧洲的其他部分隔开。
英法之间的英吉利海峡很狭窄，最狭窄的地方叫多佛尔海峡，只有33公里宽。
英语国家概况课件 Chapter1, Land and People
V. The People
Britain has a population of 57,411,000 (1990). 90% of the population is urban and only 10% is rural. There is a great concentration of population in England. Of about 57 million people, 47 million live in England. 14 million live in London and south-eastern England.
I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts
About 100 years ago, as a result of its imperialist expansion, Britain ruled an empire that had one fourth of the world’s people and one fourth of the world’s land area. The two world wars greatly weakened Britain. The British Empire gradually disappeared and it was replaced by the British Commonwealth or the Commonwealth of Nations in 1931.
II. Geographical Features
• England: London, which is the largest populous and generally speaking the richest section. The highest peak of England is Scafell (978m). • Scotland: Edinburgh. There are three natural zones: the Highlands in the north, the central Lowlands, and the southern Uplands. Ben Nevis is the highest mountain in Britain (1,343m). • Wales: Cardiff. Snowdonia (1,085m) in the northwest is the highest mountain in Wales. • Northern Ireland: Belfast is the capital of Northern Ireland.
《英语国家概况》课件
01
Overview of the United States
Summary: The United States has a rich and diverse geographical and historical background, which has had a profound impact on national development.
01
Overview of other English speaking countries
Summary
A country with abundant natural environment and resources, and a fusion of diverse cultures
Detailed description
THE FIRST LESSON OF THE SCHOOL YEAR
《英语国家概况》PPT课件
目
CONTENTS
introductionOverview of the UKOverview of the United StatesOverview of CanadaOverview of other English speaking countries
要点一
要点二
Detailed description
Canada is located in the northern part of North America, with vast land and abundant natural resources. Its history can be traced back to the indigenous period and later became a colony of France and Britain. After Canada gained independence, it gradually developed into a multicultural developed country.
英语国家概况必背-英语国家概况答案
英语国家概况精讲：第一章英国的国土与人民Chapter 1： Land and People 英国的国土与人民I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts 英国的不同名称及其各组成部分1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England.地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。
2.Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
3.The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。
4.Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales.大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。
(1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section.英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。
(2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。
英语国家概况精讲系列（一）
Chapter 1第⼀章Land and People英国的国⼟与⼈民I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts英国的不同名称及其各组成部分1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England.地理名称：不列颠群岛，⼤不列颠和英格兰。
2.Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.官⽅正式名称：⼤不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
3.The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.不列颠群岛由两个⼤岛—⼤不列颠岛（较⼤的⼀个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个⼩岛组成。
4.Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales.⼤不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔⼠。
(1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section.英格兰位于⼤不列颠岛南部，是，⼈⼝最稠密的地区。
(2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh苏格兰位于⼤不列颠的北部。
英语国家概况(英国部分)
Chapter 1 The Land and History英国全称大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国，由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士及北爱尔兰构成，位于大西洋东部的不列颠群岛，是个岛屿国家，由大不列颠岛，爱尔兰岛北部和众多小岛组成。
面积约24.40万平方公里，人口超过6400万(2013年)。
英国属于温带海洋气候，常年温和多雨，气候多变。
受高纬度因素的影响，有类似极昼极夜的现象，冬季日短夜长，夏季日长夜短。
公元前3000年左右，伊比亚人最先到达大不列颠岛。
随后，比克利人、凯尔特人相继来到不列颠。
公元前1世纪到公元5世纪，罗马入侵。
罗马人撤离后，欧洲北部的盎格鲁撒克逊人和以丹麦人为主体的斯堪的纳维亚先后入侵。
到了1066年，诺曼底公爵威廉征服了英格兰，英国的封建制度正式形成。
1215年，国王约翰被迫签订了大宪章。
不久，议会制度形成，从此英国的王权被不断削弱和限制。
1688年，“光荣革命”爆发，确立了君主立宪制。
18世纪后期到19世纪前期，英国成为世界上第一个开始并完成工业革命的国家。
19世纪是英国发展的鼎盛时期，分别建立了第一大英帝国和第二大英帝国。
到二战前夕，英国统治了世界约1/4的土地。
第一次世界大战以及第二次世界大战的爆发，导致英国的政治、经济势力大为削弱，失去了霸权地位。
随着其殖民地的相继独立，20世纪60年代，大英帝国彻底瓦解。
I. General IntroductionMap of British Isles1. Location and the Four NationsThe full name of the UK is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It is made up of four nations: England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales. It is located to the northwest of continental Europe, separated by the English Channel. Geographically, it is an island country, covering an area of about 244,019 km2, and consists of Great Britain and northeastern part of Ireland, together with many small islands of British Isles.Great Britain accounts for over 90% of the country’s tota l landmass. It is the largest island off the northwestern coast of mainland Europe with England, Scotland and Wales on it. Ireland is the second largest island of British Isles located to the northwest of Great Britain. It is divided into two parts: Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland (an independent country).England is the largest part of the UK and occupies most of the southern two thirds of Great Britain. The total area of England is 130,410 km2 with a population of around 53.9 million (Mid-2013 estimated), which covers more than 84% of the total UK population. It is the most populous and highly urbanized part of the UK. London, the capital of the UK and England, as well as the seat of government, is located in its southeastern part.Scotland is the second largest and most mountainous part of the UK in the north of Great Britain. Compared with that of England, the population density is quite low. There are only 5.3 million people with an area of 78,789 km2. Edinburgh, its largest city, is the capital of Scotland. Scotland is famous for its beautiful natural scenery, such as Scottish Highlands1and Loch Ness2, as well as many historical places, like the Edinburgh Castles.Wales is on the western side of central southern Great Britain. The total area of Wales is 20,779 km2, which accounts for 1/4 parts of the UK. It is also a mountainous part of Great Britain, particularly in the north and central regions. The southeast region is the most built up region of Wales, and the majority of its population live there and a large proportion of its industry is based there. Its capital city, Cardiff, is also in this region.Northern Ireland lies in the northeast of the island of Ireland, covering14,139 km2, which constitutes 1/6 of the island. It is the smallest part among the four nations of the UK, as well as the second sparsely populated part after Scotland. The capital is Belfast, the largest city in Northern Ireland both in population and in area. It is the center for government, economic, arts, higher education, business, law of Northern Ireland. Additionally, it is the birthplace of Titanic, and voted one of the world’s top destinations.2. ClimateThe overall climate in the UK is temperate maritime, which means that it is mild with temperatures neither much lower than 0℃in winter nor much higher 32℃in summer. Generally, the UK has warm summers and cool winters, with July and August as the warmest month, and January and February as the coldest. However, due to the influence of Gulf Stream3, the summers are cooler than those in continent while the winters are milder. Normally, the temperature in summer is around 20℃，with the high rarely going above 30℃. The average temperature in winter is around 0℃and seldom go below -10℃even in the most northern part of the country.Meanwhile, since Britain is an island country and surrounded by the sea, the climate is considerably changeable compared with other countries. Since the variable climate changing day to day, it is hard for people to predict what the weather will be like the next day. Additionally, the unique geographical position is also the reason for the dampness of the climate. The rainfall is fairly distributed throughout the year. Although it does not rain every day, it is always advisable for people to bring an umbrella or waterproof clothing every day.II. History1. The Founding of the NationThe recorded history of the UK begins with the Roman invasion in 55BC. In 55 and 54BC, Britain was twice invaded by Julius Caesar and his Roman troops. However, it was not until 43AD that the Roman led by Claudius I finally successfully invaded and Britain became part of the Roman Empire. The native Celtic were driven to the mountain regions of Scotland and Wales, which remained unconquered by the Romans.The Romans have great impact on many aspects of the British culture. The Roman civilization was introduced to the Britain during this period. For example, Roman style baths and temples were built, cities like London and towns were constructed, and the system of government was also introduced. With the decline of the Roman Empire, when the Germanic troops attacked Rome in 410 A.D., the Romans had to withdraw in order to protect their own nation, which led to the end of Roman occupation.After the leave of the Romans, three groups of Germanic tribes called the Jutes, the Angles and the Saxons came to Britain from the European continent in the mid-4th century. They conquered different regions of Britain:1Scottish Highlands：苏格兰高地，是对苏格兰高地边界断层以西和以北的山地的称，被认为是欧洲风景最优美的地区。
英语国家概况第一课An Introduction to English-Speaking Countries
Map of the UK
Map of the Republic of Ireland
Map of Australia
Map of New Zealand
Map of the USA
Map of Canada
联合国承认的英语作为官方语言的 其它国家
Antigua and Barbuda 安提瓜和巴布达 Bahamas 巴哈马 Barbados 巴多斯 Belize 伯利兹 Botswana 博茨瓦纳 Cameroon 喀麦隆 Dominica 多米尼加 Fiji 斐济 Gambia 冈比亚 Ghana 加纳 Grenada 格林纳达 Guyana 圭亚那 India 印度 Jamaica 牙买加 Kenya 肯尼亚 Lesotho 莱索托 Liberia 利比里亚 Malawi 马拉维 Mauritius 毛里求斯 Micronesia 密克罗尼西亚 Namibia 纳米比亚 Nigeria 尼日利亚 Pakistan 巴基斯坦 Papua New Guinea 巴布亚新几内亚 Philippines 菲律宾 Saint Kitts and Nevis 圣基茨和尼维斯 Saint Lucia 圣卢西亚 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 圣文森特和格林纳丁斯 Sierra Leone 塞拉利昂 Singapore 新加坡 Solomon Islands 所罗门群岛 South Africa 南非 Tanzania 坦桑尼亚 Trinidad and Tobago 特立尼达和多巴哥 Uganda 乌干达 Vanuatu 瓦努阿图 Zambia 赞比亚 Zimbabwe 津巴布韦
Countries in which English is used as official language
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C : ONCLUSION VARIOUS FORMS OF THE
SAME MEANING
总计，达到：
total stand at amount to worth reach hit with the total value of with the value totaling add up to
二. Impersonal expression 物称表达法
例1：2004年中国的对外贸易，外汇储备和利用外资均 取得了历史性突破，其总量分别列在世界第三，第二 和第一位。
译文一：In 2004, China’s foreign trade, foreign exchange reserves and foreign investment utilized made a historic breakthrough, and their totals ranked third, second, and first respectively in the world.
standing at third, second and first respectively.
例2： 改革开放以来的20年中国发生了翻天 覆地的变化。
The two decades since the opening up and reform have witnessed the dramatic changes in China.
EXERCISE
爱因斯坦承认：“我素来不喜欢把舒服或快乐当作人生 目标。”
Einstein confessed : “ To make a goal of comfort or happiness has never appeared to me”.
我原打算在1月访问中国，后来又不得不推迟，这使我 深感失望。
It was a keen disappointment that I had to postpone the visit I had intended to pay to China in January.
EXERCISE
2001年11月中国加入世贸组织，引导中国更为 积极地参与国际经贸活动。
It’s predicted that the coming 5 years will witness a 9-11% annual economic growth rate of Shanghai, with GDP per capita amounting to 6,500 USD.
Homework: Translate the following sentences.
二. Impersonal expression 物称表达法
例1：2004年中国的对外贸易，外汇储备和利用外资均 取得了历史性突破，其总量分别列在世界第三，第二 和第一位。
英语的特点之一就是其物称倾向：
译文二：The year of 2004 witnessed a historic breakthrough in the country’s foreign trade, foreign exchange reserves and foreign investment utilized, with worldwide rankings
占…的几分之几/百分之几 account for are responsible for represent take up
Exercises
1、2001年，中欧贸易达到766亿美元，比 上一年增长11%，尤其是中国从欧盟的进口 增长了15.8%。
China-EU trade hit 76.6 billion USD in 2001, registering/representing an 11% increase compared to the previous year. In particular, China’s import from the EU grew by 15.8%.
Or物称表达: 2001 witnessed a trade volume of 76.6 billion USD between China and EU... )
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Exercises
2、预计今后5年，上海平均经济发展速度在 9-11%，人均GDP达到6500多美元。
It’s predicted that in the coming 5 years, Shanghai’s annual economic growth rate will reach 9-11%, with GDP per capita amounting to 6,500 USD.
1. This is compelling (强有力的) evidence that market liberalization is compatible with a wide range of economic, social and political preferences(倾向).
2. We are especially grateful to you for arranging the meeting for us with the Machinery Trading Delegation at such short notice.
1. November 2001 witnessed China’s access to the WTO, which ushered the country into deeper involvement in world trade activities.
2. China’s access to the WTO in November 2001 ushered the country into deeper involvement in world trade activities.
3. 1940年3月，我在一家小型建筑公司工作。