英语国家概况总结资料全
英语国家概况总结资料全
Unit1A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom 1.The flag of Britain : Union Jack〔英国国旗中没有显示出Welsh旗〕2.The basic information of each country:Count ry Capital AreaMemoEngla nd London最大1.最不会把自己的“英格兰文化区别于其他文化〞3.The time joining the British parliament: However, in 1707 by agreement of the English and Scottish parliaments, Scotland joined the Union.4.Difference between the British Isles ,UK, Great Britain , and England:●British Isles:the island of Great Britainthe island of Irelandsurrounding isles●UK=Great Britain + Northern Ireland●Great Britain =England +Scotland + Wales5.The four major invasions in the history of Great Britain :At first, England was occupied by Celtic people. Then in 43AD Britain was invaded by the Roman Empire.Result: England and Wales became a part of the Roman Empire for nearly 400 years.the Angle-Saxon invaded.Result: The land they lived became" Angle-land",later changed into England, the language they spoken became English.PS：One of the best-known English legends derivesfrom this time. In 5 century AD, King Author(亚瑟王) united the British, and with his magical sword, Excalibur〔被称为“王者之剑〞的圣剑〕, drove the Saxons back.关于亚瑟王的一些名词：Excalibur:被称为“王者之剑〞的圣剑;亚瑟王之魔剑Castle at Tintagel(廷塔杰尔) in Cornwall: Tintagel传说为亚瑟王的诞生地，这是一个与亚瑟王传奇有关的地方。
(完整word版)英语国家概况 谢福之 复习资料(word文档良心出品)
The United Kingdom of Great Britain andNorthern IrelandChapter 1 Geography, People and Language全名: the United Kingdom of Great Britain（大不列颠联合王国）and Northern Ireland （北爱尔兰）.由成千上万的小岛组成（the British Isles）. 两大岛屿：Great Britain（大不列颠）and Ireland（爱尔兰）The River Thames(second longest and most important), originates（起源于）in southwestern England -----North Sea.Scotland ( Edinburgh爱丁堡) important river:Clyde River kilts（苏克兰小短裙）Wales( Cardiff加迪夫，著名港口). The Severn River is the longest river of Britain------flow through western England.Northern Ireland(Belfast贝尔法斯特，首府) Lough Neagh----the largest lake in the British Isles.Climate: temperate, with warm summers, cool winters and plentiful precipitation(降雨量)，冬暖夏凉，降雨充沛Three major features: winter fog, rainy day, instability 冬天多雾，常年多雨，天气不定London---Buckingham Palace（白金汉宫）, Guildhall (市政厅), St. Paul’s Cathedral（圣保罗大教堂）, The Tower Bridge of London（伦敦塔桥）The majority of the population is descendants of the Anglo-Saxons, a Germanic people from Europe.大部分的人口是盎格鲁-撒克逊人的后裔，从欧洲来的日耳曼人Most people in Wales and Scotland are descendants of the Celtic people, including the Irish people威尔士和苏格兰的大多数人都是凯尔特人的后裔，包括爱尔兰人English belongs to the Indo-European family of languages. English is in the Germanic group.英语属于日耳曼语语系Germanic group: East Germanic, North Germanic, West Germanic. English evolved from the West Germanic group.日耳曼语系：东日耳曼语，北日耳曼语，西日耳曼语。
英语国家概况__谢福之_复习资料
Chapter 1全名: the United Kingdom of Great Britain （大不列颠联合王国）（大不列颠联合王国） and Northern Ireland （北爱尔兰）（北爱尔兰） 由成千上万的小岛组成（the British Isles ）. 两大岛屿：Great Britain （大不列颠）（大不列颠） and Ireland （爱尔兰）（爱尔兰）The River Thames (second longest and most important), originates （起源于） in southwestern England -----North Sea. Scotland ( Edinburgh 爱丁堡爱丁堡 ) important river:Clyde River kilts （苏克兰小短裙）（苏克兰小短裙） Wales ( Cardiff 加迪夫，著名港口 ). The Severn River is the longest river of Britain------flow through western England. Northern Ireland (Belfast 贝尔法斯特，首府) Lough Lough Neagh----the Neagh----the Neagh----the largest largest largest lake lake lake in in in the the British Isles. Climate : temperate, with warm summers, cool winters and plentiful precipitation(降雨量)，冬暖夏凉，降雨充沛暖夏凉，降雨充沛Three major features : winter fog, rainy day, instability : winter fog, rainy day, instability 冬天多雾，常年多雨，天气不定冬天多雾，常年多雨，天气不定London ---Buckingham Palace （白金汉宫）, Guildhall (市政厅), St. Paul ’s Cathedral （圣保（圣保罗大教堂）, The Tower Bridge of London （伦敦塔桥）（伦敦塔桥）The majority of the population is descendants of the Anglo-Saxons, a Germanic people from Europe.大部分的人口是盎格鲁-撒克逊人的后裔，从欧洲来的日耳曼人 Most people in Wales and Scotland are descendants of the Celtic people, including the Irish people 威尔士和苏格兰的大多数人都是凯尔特人的后裔，包括爱尔兰人威尔士和苏格兰的大多数人都是凯尔特人的后裔，包括爱尔兰人English belongs to the Indo-European family of languages. English is in the Germanic group.英语属于日耳曼语语系英语属于日耳曼语语系 Germanic group: East Germanic, North Germanic, West Germanic. English evolved from the West Germanic group.日耳曼语系：东日耳曼语，北日耳曼语，西日耳曼语。
英语国家概况章节概要
英国概况1. Land and People 国土与人民Different names for Britain and its parts 英国的不同名称及其区域正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
简称：联合王国，或UK。
首都伦敦。
它包括不列颠岛和北爱尔兰。
不列颠诸岛：包括不列颠岛，爱尔兰岛和几百个小岛。
爱尔兰岛：岛的北部地区，即北爱尔兰属于联合王国；岛的南部地区，称为爱尔兰共和国或爱尔兰，1949年独立，首都是都柏林。
三个政治区域：英格兰，苏格兰，威尔士。
由于帝国主义扩张政策，英国成为一个帝国。
两次世界大战后，其殖民地不断独立，大英帝国逐渐消失，1931年由英联邦取代。
英联邦：是由原英国殖民地组成的一个自由联合体，各独立成员国间，根据贸易协议实行经济合作。
英联邦没有特别的权力，目前有50个成员国。
2. Origins of the Nation 英国的起源Arrival and settlement of the Celts 凯尔特人的到来和迁居自公元前700年不断迁入，来自东欧及中欧，即现在的法国，比利时和德国南部。
三次入侵高潮：第一次是公元前600年，盖尔人。
第二次是公元前400年，布立吞（不列颠）人。
第三次是公元前150年，贝尔盖人。
强大的酋长卡西弗洛诺斯，莎士比亚剧本中的辛白林。
技艺：农耕，沼泽地排水，修建房屋，铁匠。
后裔：山地苏格兰人，爱尔兰人，威尔士人。
语言：是威尔士语和盖尔语的基础。
宗教：德鲁伊德教。
德鲁伊德指智者，占星家和占卜者。
采用活人祭祀。
Basis of modern English race: the Anglo-Saxons 现代英格兰民族的基础：盎格鲁--撒克逊人三支日尔曼（条顿）部落的入侵：朱特人：来自朱特兰岛（现丹麦南部）。
酋长亨及斯特和霍塞，帮助肯特国王伏泰根驱逐皮克特人和苏格兰人后，转而攻击伏泰根，最终亨及斯特成为肯特国王。
撒尔逊人：来自德国北部。
建立了埃塞克斯，苏塞克斯，威塞克斯。
英语国家概况复习资料
英语国家概况复习资料英语国家概况复习资料英语国家概况是学习英语的重要一环，了解英语国家的历史、文化、地理等方面，有助于更好地理解和运用英语。
在这篇文章中，我们将回顾一些关于英语国家的基本知识，帮助大家复习和加深对这些国家的了解。
一、英国（United Kingdom）英国是英语的发源地，也是英语国家中最重要的一个。
它由四个国家组成：英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰。
英国是一个具有悠久历史和丰富文化的国家，拥有众多的文学、音乐和戏剧作品。
莎士比亚、狄更斯、毛姆等伟大的作家都出自英国。
此外，英国还有许多著名大学，如剑桥大学和牛津大学。
二、美国（United States）美国是世界上最大的英语国家之一，也是世界上最强大的国家之一。
它拥有丰富的资源和多元化的文化。
美国是一个移民国家，各种不同的文化和宗教在这里融合。
美国有众多著名的城市，如纽约、洛杉矶和芝加哥，每个城市都有其独特的魅力和特色。
此外，美国还是全球科技和创新的领导者，许多世界知名的科技公司都来自美国。
三、加拿大（Canada）加拿大是北美洲的一个国家，是英语和法语并存的国家。
加拿大是一个拥有广阔土地和丰富资源的国家，同时也是一个多元文化的国家。
加拿大的自然风光非常壮观，有着世界上最美丽的国家公园和湖泊。
此外，加拿大在教育和医疗领域也非常发达，拥有世界一流的大学和医疗系统。
四、澳大利亚（Australia）澳大利亚是一个位于南半球的国家，也是一个英语国家。
澳大利亚拥有宽广的土地和独特的动植物资源，是世界上最大的岛屿国家。
澳大利亚的自然环境非常独特，有着世界上最壮观的珊瑚礁和大堡礁。
此外，澳大利亚还以其高质量的教育和研究机构而闻名，吸引着来自世界各地的留学生。
五、新西兰（New Zealand）新西兰是一个位于南太平洋的岛国，也是一个英语国家。
新西兰的自然环境非常优美，有着壮丽的山脉、湖泊和海岸线。
新西兰是一个农业和旅游业发达的国家，其乳制品和葡萄酒在世界上享有盛誉。
英语国家概况（个人整理表格版）
英语国家概况（个人整理表格版）the executivethe judicial ——the Supreme Court解释宪法Roosevelt — longest 4届*“Donkey” is a pin of the Democratic Party;“Elephant” is a pin of the Republican Party.Country UK Canada Australia New Zealand Ireland America North The north Altantic Oceanoff the North coastThe Coral SeaTimor SeaNorth- the Atlantic OceanNortheast-Northern IrelandCanadaSouth The English ChannelSeparated from the rest of Europe(Narrowest part— the Straits ofDover —England & France)The Southern Indian OceanThe Great Australian BightSoutheast——St. George’s ChannelMexicoWest The Indian Ocean the Atlantic Ocean The Pacific Ocean East The North SeaSeparated from the rest of EuropeThe Tasman SeaThe Pacific OceanIn the Southern PacificOceanThe Irish Sea The north Atlantic OceanThe Mississippi River 东西分界Father of waters；Old man river（The Missouri River 南北分界）River The Seven River2nd/most important—the River Thames（England）The Mackenzie The Murray River The Waikato River The Shannon RiverThe Ohio River—the American RuhrOn the Pacific side—the Colorado &the ColumbiaLake The Lough Neagh Lake EyreA part-time lakeLake TaupoLake SuperiorLargest fresh water lakeLake MichiganLake Huron; Lake Eire; LakeOntarioMountain Ben Nevis (Scotland) Mount Logan Mt. Kosciusko Mt. CookIn the centre of the Southern Alps CarrauntoohilThe Appalachian mountains(NE-SW)The Rocky mountains (NW-SE)North AmericaNewspaper Financial TimesThe Guardianthe world’s oldest national newspaperThe Timesthe oldest daily national newspaperThe Observerthe world’s first Sunday newspaperThe Economist magazineThe Irish Timesthe nation’s most influentialThe Irish independentthe best-selling daily and largestcirculationEducation 5-16Oxford & Cambridge 12th-13thThe Scottish universities of St.Andrew, Glasgow, Aberdeen,Edinburgh 14th-15thBiggest- the University ofTorontoOldest-Laval University1663 Quebec6-17 6-15The University of Dublin6-18Teaching, research, public service Harvard College 1636E: Harvard, Yale, Princeton, Columbia, MITW: Stanford, Berkeley。
英语国家概况知识点总结
英语国家概况知识点总结Full name: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandOthers names: The United Kingdom /The UK/Britain/The Great Britain/The British Lion/England/The British IslesBritish Isles: 范围最大，包含了大不列颠岛和爱尔兰岛及其附近的许多小岛U K : Includes England, Scotland, Wales and Northern IrelandGreat Britain: Includes only England, Scotland and WalesArea : 242,514 square kilometers (93,635square miles) Population: about 60,587,300National capital: LondonNational Flag: The Union JackNational Anthem: God Save the Queen/KingComponents:England:1.The largest and the most populated country of UK. It occupies more thanhalf the island of Great Britain.2.Area: 130,281 square kilometers (53.7 percent)3. Population: 50,762,900(83.8 percent) 401 people per square kilo4. Capital: London (the seat of government, center of business, the heart of artsand culture, dominates England just like England dominates TheUK)Scotland:1.The second largest of the four nations both in area and population .no longerhas a separate legislature and executive, and its economy is integrated intothat of the rest of Britain. But it does have a separate administration,different legal and educational systems as well as its Presbyterian nationalchurch. Above all it has retained much of its distinct cultural identity.2.area: 77,925 square kilometers(32.1 percent)3.population: 5,116,900 (8.4persent) 65 people per square kilo4.capital: Edinburgh (on the east cost represent the capital of theregion)5.the l argest city is Glasgow (In the west)Wales:1. A peninsular jutting from England into the Irish Sea, and is the smallestamong the three nations on the island of Britain. And has been dominated byEngland for longer period than the other three nations since its officiallyunion with England in 1536(actually England has ruled Wales in 1343 butnot officially recognized)2.area: 20732 square kilometers (8.5percent)3.population: 2,965,900(4.9persent) 142 people per square kilo4.capital: Cardiff (southern Wales) serving as an important seaport andindustrial center5.Wales retained a unique cultural social and economic development,notably its national language, Welsh, and a devolved Welsh Assembly Northern Ireland:1.Often referred to as the province of Ulster, is part of the island Ireland locatedin its northeast corner. And is the smallest both in area and population among the four nations of the UK.2.area: 13,576square kilometers (5.7 percent of the UK and one six of the islandof Ireland )3.population：1,741,600（2.9 percent）4.capital:Belfast (a seaport on the east cost , is a center of shipbuilding andlinen textiles and it created the Titanic)5.。
英语国家概况知识点总结
英语国家概况知识点总结Full name: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Others names : The The United United United Kingdom Kingdom Kingdom /The /The /The UK/Britain/The UK/Britain/The UK/Britain/The Great Great Great Britain/The Britain/The British Lion/England/The British Isles British Isles: 范围最大，包含了大不列颠岛和爱尔兰岛及其附近的许多小岛U K : Includes England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland Great Britain: Includes only England, Scotland and Wales Includes only England, Scotland and Wales Area :242,514 square kilometers (93,635square miles) Population:about 60,587,300National capital: : London National Flag: The Union Jack National Anthem: God Save the Queen/King Components : England: 1. The The largest largest largest and and and the the the most most most populated populated populated country country country of of of UK. UK. UK. It It It occupies occupies occupies more more more than than half the island of Great Britain. 2. Area : 130,281 square kilometers (53.7 percent) 3. Population : 50,762,900(83.8 percent) 401 people per square kilo 4. Capital : London (the seat of government, center of business, the heart of arts and and culture, culture, culture, dominates dominates dominates England England England just just just like like like England England England dominates dominates dominates The The UK) Scotland: 1. The second largest of the four nations both in area and population .no longer has a separate legislature and executive, and its economy is integrated into that that of of of the the the rest rest rest of of of Britain. Britain. Britain. But But But it it it does does does have have have a a a separate separate separate administration, administration, different different legal legal legal and educational and educational systems systems as well as well as as its Presbyterian national its Presbyterian national church. Above all it has retained much of its distinct cultural identity. 2. area: 77,925 square kilometers(32.1 percent) 3. population : 5,116,900 (8.4persent) 65 people per square kilo 4. capital : Edinburgh (on the east cost represent the capital of the region) 5. the l a rgest argest city is Glasgow (In the west) Wales: 1. A A peninsular peninsular peninsular jutting jutting jutting from from from England England England into into into the the the Irish Irish Irish Sea, Sea, Sea, and and and is is is the the the smallest smallest among the three nations on the island of Britain. And has been dominated by England England for for for longer longer longer period period period than than than the the the other other other three three three nations nations nations since since since its its its officially officially union with England in 1536(actually England has ruled Wales in 1343 but not officially recognized) 2. area: 20732 square kilometers (8.5percent) 3. population: 2,965,900(4.9persent) 142 people per square kilo 4. capital: Cardiff (southern Wales) serving as an important seaport and industrial center 5. Wales retained a unique cultural social and economic development, notably its national language, Welsh, and a devolved Welsh Assembly Northern Ireland: 1. Often referred to as the province of Ulster, is part of the island Ireland located in its northeast corner. And is the smallest both in area and population among the four nations of the UK. 2. area : 13,576square kilometers (5.7 percent of the UK and one six of the island of Ireland ) 3. population ：1,741,600（2.9 percent ）4. capital: Belfast Belfast (a (a (a seaport seaport seaport on on on the the the east east east cost cost cost , , , is is is a a a center center center of of of shipbuilding shipbuilding shipbuilding and and linen textiles and it created the Titanic) 5.。
英语国家概况笔记整理
英语国家概况笔记整理英语国家是指以英语为官方语言的国家，主要分布在英联邦国家和美洲国家。
这些国家在文化、经济等方面有着广泛的联系和合作，具有丰富的历史及文化背景，是世界上最具影响力的国家之一。
下面将对英语国家的概况进行整理。
英联邦国家是指以英国为领袖的国际组织，由英国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰、南非、印度、巴基斯坦等53个国家和地区组成。
这些国家中以英国、澳大利亚、加拿大、新西兰为代表的国家，在经济、政治、文化、教育等方面有着密切的联系和合作，军事上也有协调和互助的关系。
英国是英语国家的中心，由四个国家：英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰组成。
英国拥有悠久的历史和文化背景，是文化艺术、科技创新、高等教育等方面的领袖国家。
英国的文化产业发达，英语是世界第一大语言，英国的音乐、电影、电视剧等文艺作品也备受全球瞩目。
澳大利亚位于太平洋和印度洋之间，是由六个州和两个地区组成的联邦制国家。
澳大利亚是一个多元化的国家，拥有丰富的自然资源和景观。
澳大利亚在旅游、采矿、农业等方面具有突出的优势，是世界经济中不可忽视的力量。
加拿大是北美洲最大的国家，拥有广阔的土地和丰富的自然资源。
加拿大是世界上最发达的国家之一，其经济主要以服务业和加工制造业为主。
加拿大在金融、信息技术等领域具有较强的实力。
新西兰是一个位于南太平洋的岛国，由北岛和南岛以及其他一些小岛组成。
新西兰优美的自然环境使其成为了世界上著名的旅游胜地，同时其在农业、林业、渔业等领域也有着不俗的表现。
美洲国家是指以英语为官方语言的南、北美洲国家，包括美国、加拿大和13个加勒比国家。
这些国家在经济、政治、文化等方面也有着紧密的联系和合作。
美国是世界经济最大的国家之一，是世界级的大国和超级大国。
美国拥有强大的军事实力和文化影响力，同时也在国际事务中发挥着重要作用。
美国是全球科技、金融和文化中心之一，其在电影、音乐、时尚、饮食等方面也有着巨大的影响力。
加勒比国家是指坐落在加勒比海与墨西哥湾之间的一批岛国，其中比较著名的包括牙买加、海地、巴哈马等。
英语国家概况复习整理
英语国家概况复习整理英语国家概况一、国家概况英语是世界上使用最广泛的第二语言，几乎所有英语国家都以英语为官方语言。
以下是几个代表性的英语国家概况：1. 英国（United Kingdom）英国位于欧洲大陆的西北部，由四个国家组成：英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰。
英国是一个君主立宪制国家，伦敦是其首都和最大城市。
英国是工业革命的发源地之一，对现代科学、文化和法律产生了重要影响。
2. 美国（United States）美国是一个位于北美洲的联邦共和制国家，由50个州组成。
华盛顿特区是其首都，纽约市是最大城市。
美国是世界上最大的经济体和军事力量之一，对全球政治、经济和文化具有巨大影响。
3. 加拿大（Canada）加拿大是北美洲最北端的国家，是一个君主立宪制国家。
渥太华是其首都，多伦多是最大城市。
加拿大是世界上最大的国家之一，拥有丰富的自然资源和文化多样性。
4. 澳大利亚（Australia）澳大利亚是世界上面积第六大的国家，位于南太平洋地区。
堪培拉是其首都，悉尼是最大城市。
澳大利亚以其独特的自然景观、丰富的动植物种类和多元文化而闻名。
5. 新西兰（New Zealand）新西兰位于南太平洋地区，由北岛和南岛组成。
惠灵顿是其首都，奥克兰是最大城市。
新西兰以其美丽的自然景观和友好的人民而闻名，是旅游和冒险活动的热门目的地。
二、国家特点1. 文化和历史英语国家的文化和历史各具特色。
英国的文化底蕴深厚，有着悠久的王室传统和文学艺术遗产。
美国是一个移民国家，融合了来自世界各地的文化，拥有独特的美国梦和好莱坞电影文化。
加拿大和澳大利亚等英联邦国家也保留了英国文化的一些传统，并发展了自己的多元文化。
2. 经济和科技英语国家在经济和科技领域具有强大实力。
英国在金融、教育、文化创意产业等领域发达，是世界上最重要的金融中心之一。
美国是全球最大的市场之一，科技创新领域具有很高的竞争力。
加拿大和澳大利亚等国也在自然资源开发和高科技产业方面表现出色。
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Unit1 A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom 1.The flag of Britain : Union Jack（英国国旗中没有显示出Welsh旗）2. The basic information of each country:Count ry Capital AreaMemoEngland London最大1.最不会把自己的“英格兰文化区别于其他文化”2.一个高度城市化3.The time joining the British parliament: However, in 1707 by agreement of the English and Scottish parliaments, Scotland joined the Union.4.Difference between the British Isles ,UK, Great Britain , and England:British Isles:the island of Great Britainthe island of Irelandsurrounding isles●UK=Great Britain + Northern Ireland●Great Britain =England +Scotland + Wales5.The four major invasions in the history of Great Britain :At first, England was occupied by Celtic people.Then in 43AD Britain was invaded by the Roman Empire.Result: England and Wales became a part of the Roman Empire for nearly 400 years.the Angle-Saxon invaded.Result: The land they lived became" Angle-land", later changed into England, the language they spoken became English.PS：One of the best-known English legends derives from this time. In 5 century AD, King Author(亚瑟王) united the British, and with his magical sword, Excalibur（被称为“王者之剑”的圣剑）,drove the Saxons back.关于亚瑟王的一些名词：Excalibur:被称为“王者之剑”的圣剑;亚瑟王之魔剑Castle at Tintagel(廷塔杰尔) in Cornwall: Tintagel传说为亚瑟王的诞生地，这是一个与亚瑟王传奇有关的地方。
Knight：骑士Camelot:卡米洛，传说中亚瑟王宫殿所在地。
the Vikings invaded. (From the late 8th century on) Result in a certain cultural divide between northerners and southerners in England, which can be expressed as "Saxon" versus(对抗；与... 相对) "Dane".PS:此时出现的历史人物是：King Alfred the Great：阿尔弗雷德国王，英国历史上的著名国王，领导英国抗击北欧海盗的入侵。
the Normans(from northern France, who were descendants(后代) of Vikings) , William of Normandy invaded this country.Result: This marks the last time that an army from outside the British Isles succeeded in invadingPS:与此时有关的历史人物是：William of Normandy (known as “William the Conqueror”)：征服者威廉，1066年通过英吉利海峡（English Channel）对英格兰宣战，打败了哈罗德国王，获全胜。
同年圣诞节威廉在威斯敏斯特教堂(Westminster Abbey)加冕成为英格兰国王，史称威廉一世。
（William the First of England）Westminster Abbey: 威斯敏斯特教堂坐落在伦敦泰晤士岸，原是一座天主教本笃会隐修院，始建于公元960 年，1045年进行了扩建，1065年建成，1220年至1517年进行了重建。
威斯敏斯特教堂在1540年英王创建圣公会之前，它一直是天主教本笃会（天主教的隐修院修会之一）教堂。
1540年之后，成为圣公会教堂。
King Harold:哈罗德国王，英格兰最后一位撒克逊民族国王，在关键的Hastings战斗中被杀。
6.Main cities of EnglandLondonBirmingham（伯明翰）—second largest city of England. Liverpool（利物浦）—second largest port of England Manchester（曼彻斯特）—industrial and commercial centre.其他名词解释：1.London: London is in the south of the country, and is dominant（主要的，主宰的）in the United Kingdom inall sorts of ways. It is by far the largest city in the country, with about one seventh of the nation population; it is the seat of government(伦敦是英国政府所在地); it is the cultural centre, home to all the major newspapers, TV stations, and with far and away the widest selection of galleries（画廊，美术馆）, theatres and museums. Also it is the business centre, headquarters of the vast majority of Britain's big companies; it is the financial centre of the nation, and one of the three major international financial centres in the world.London’s function= Beijing + Shanghai +Guangzhou=New York+ Washington +Los Angeles London Attractions:(1).Big Ben（大本钟（英议会大厦上的报时钟））and the Houses of Parliament（英国的国会大厦）. (2).The Tower of London（伦敦塔(伦敦古堡,在泰晤士岸,古代曾作宫殿及监狱,现为兵械库和博物馆)），由威廉一世建造。
(3). Tower Bridge（伦敦塔桥，是一座上开悬索桥，位于英国伦敦，横跨泰晤士河，因在伦敦塔附近而得名，是从泰晤士河口算起的第一座桥（泰晤士河上共建桥15座），也是伦敦的象征。
该桥始建于1886年，1894年6月30日对公众开放，将伦敦南北区连接成整体。
）(4). St Paul's Cathedral (圣保罗大教堂,巴洛克风格建筑的代表，以其壮观的圆形屋顶而闻名，是世界第二大圆顶教堂，它模仿罗马的圣彼得大教堂，是英国古典主义建筑的代表。
)(5).the River Thames(泰晤士河It is the longest river entirely in England and the second longest in the United Kingdom, after the River Severn.)(6). The English Royal Family reside in London at Buckingham Palace(白金汉宫(英国王宫)) where you can see the famous 'Changing of the Guard' and much more.(7). Hadrian’s Wall: 哈德良长城。
罗马人保卫不列颠北疆的屏障，长118公里。
2. the Commonwealth of Nations/the British Commonwealth（英联邦国家）：It’s a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. It was established in 1931, replacing the former British Empire. Member nations are joined together economically and have certain trading arrangements. The Commonwealth has no special power. The decision tobecome a member of the Commonwealth is left to each nation .At present there are 50 member countries within the Commonwealth.3.British Empire（大英帝国）: （an empire in which the sun never set”（日不落帝国））About a hundred years ago, as a result of its imperialist expansion, Britain ruled an empire that had one fourth of the world’s people and one fourth of the world’s land area. However, t he two world wars greatly weakened Britain. The British colonies became independent one after another. The British Empire gradually disappeared and it was replaced by the British Commonwealth in 1931.4. the European Union(欧洲联盟，欧盟): The UK has been a member since 1973.6.Robin Hood：罗宾汉，英国传说中一位著名撒克逊族绿林好汉，在森林里盘踞，以劫富济贫、杀贪官污吏为宗旨。