综二作文范文

BOOK Ⅰ L1 P14 Why does the author tell s not to be afraid to ask stupid questions? The author thinks that many apparently naive inquiries like why grass is green, or why the sn is round, or why we need 55,000 unclear weapons in the world --are really deep questions. He says when you try to get the answers, you will gain deep understanding of the things. Its also important to know, as well as you can, what it is that you dont know, and asking questions is the way. He also tell us to ask stupid questions requires courage on the part of the asker and knowledge and patience on the part of the answers. And dont confine your learning to schoolwork. Discuss ideas in depth with friends. Its much brave to ask questions even when theres a prospect of ridicule than to suppress your questions and become deadened to the world around you.L2 Icons P30 What are the factors to shift the hero-worship to the celebrity-worship? The new forms of media--photography, moving pictures, radio and television are the main factors. The reproduction of photos in newspapers turned famous people into celebrities whose dress, appearance, and personal habits were widely commented upon. Slowly, the focus of public attention began to shift away from knowing what such people did to knowing what looked like. The shift was accelerated by the arrival of moving pictures. Between 1901 and 1914, 74 percent of the magazine articles about famous people were about political leaders,inventors, inventors, professionals, and businessmen. After 1922, however, most articles were about movie stars. With the arrival of television, the faces of the stars became as familiar as those we saw across the breakfast table. We came to know more about the lives of the celebrities than we did about most of the people we know personally. Less than seventy years after the appearance of the first movimg pictures, the shift from hero-worship to celebrity-worship was complete.L3 GO-GO AMERICAN P46 What is the Americans attitude towards time?Give necessary examples. In the United States, many people keenly feel the shortness of each lifetime. They are aware that once a day in their life is gone, it will never come back. And Americans believe no one stands still .If you are not moving ahead, you are falling behind. So they value time and want every minte to count. This attitde towards time is shown in the fast pace of life in the country. Whatever they do they always seem to be in a rush. You find people hurrying to get where they are going. They hurry to eating places for a mea and finish it as quickly as possible. Also Americans do what they can to save time. They produce a lot of labour-saving devices such as clothes-and dish-washers; they rapidly communicate through phone calls, telex and e-mail and cut down on personal contacts.L4 Take Over,Bosn! P62 Can you imagine what did Barret think of when he heard Snyders whisper Take over,bosn? Becase of thirst,Barret was almost out of mind. He rose several times and was a constant threat. But when he heard Snyder said“Take over, b osn, he had a strange feeling suddenly. He came to realize he would and must take over the task and be responsible for the rest. As long as he stopped others from the little water, they would always have hopes and wouldnt die soon. So he picked Snyders gun up and decided to hold off the other from the water until night when a ship saved them.L5 Are You Giving Your Kids Too Much? P78 Why parents overindulge their children? There are several reasons to explain why parents overindulge their children. One fairly common reason isthat parents overindulge their chidren out of a sense of guilt. Parents who both hold down full-time jops may feel guilty about the amount of time they spend away from their children and may attempt to compensate by showering them with material possessions. Other parents overindulge because they want their children to have everything they had while growing up, along with those things the parents yearned for but didnt get. Still others are afraid to say no to their childrens denless requests for toys for fear that their children will feel unloved or will be ridiculed if thy dont have the same playthings their friends have.L6 Culture Shock P94 What are four stages that people go through when they experience situations that are very different from those to which they are accustomed? Stage one is a honeymoon phase, during which the new experience is perceived to be interesting, picturesque, entertaining, and charming. You may notice several superficial differences such as music, food, and clothing, and the fresh apeal of the new experience keeps you feeling interested and positive. When you stay in a new envirnment for a while, you move to stage two-the crisis stage-in which the shine wears off and day-to-day realities sink in. In relationship, you notie annoying habits;in a new country, you find barriers to establishing connections or to learning the language beyond a few polite phrases. If you stick with the experience and try to deal with it realistically, you will probably move to the third phase:recovery. In recovery, you learn the systems, procedures, language or nonverbal behaviors of the new environment so that you can cope with it on the basis of some mastery, competence, and comfort. Finally,when you feel that you function well and almost automatically in the new culture, you will move to the fourth phase:adjustment.L7 The Model Millionaire(I) P108 Suppose you are the millionaire.Explain how you get to know Hughie Erskine and what you do in return for the pound he gave you when you first met. I am Baron Hausberg. I have enough money to buy the whole of London. One day, on a whim I asked my artist friend Alan Trevor to pain me as a beggar. Alan had almost finished the picture when a very charming young man walked into his studio.I suppose he must have been very sympathetic with me, for when Alan was away a minute, the young man quickly put a pound into my hat. I was startled for a moment, but I was pleased when I realized that he took me for a real begger. Later I learned from Alan all about this young man:he was poor, and could not marry the girl he loved because her father wouldnt let them unless he had 10,000 pounds.Touched by the young mans spirit of kindness, I decided to help him. The next day I had a cheque for 10,000 pounds delivered to him as a wedding gift.L8 The Model Millionaire(II) P123 Retell the story The Model Millionaire in about 150 words, concluding your retelling with a one-sentence comment. Hughie Erskine was a charming young man who was in love with a nice girl called Laura uras father made it clear to Hughie that he would not marry his daughter to him until Hughie had ten thousand pounds. One day,Hughie went to see his artist friend Alan Trevor in his studio. There he found his friend painting a beggar, who was an old man in rags.Hughie felt so sorry for the poor model that he gave him the only pound he had. The old model was actually a millionaire.When he heard all about Hughie and Laura, and their problem, he had a cheque for ten thousand pounds delivered to him the very next day.The couple were happily married,and the beggar attended their wedding. The story shows that a genuine millionaire is not one who has, but who give.L9 Only Three More Days P139 The author got a solution finally. What was the solution? Was it risky? He laid out the diaries in two big steel suitcases. Over them he palced a number of his broadcast scripts, each page of which had been stamped by the military and civilian censors as passed for broadcast. On top he put a few General Staff maps he had picked up from friends. Then he phoned the Gestapo Headquarters to say he had a couple of suicases full of his dispatches, broadcasts and notes that he wanted to take out of the country. As he was flying off early the next day, there would be no time for Gestapo official at the airfield to go over the contents. Could they take a look now,if he brought them over;and if they approved, put a Gestapo seal on the suitcases so he wouldnt be held up at the airport? Yes,it was risky. He thought life in the Third Reich had always been risky. It was worth a try.L10 The Washwoman P155 Describe the situation that“I”saw the old washwoman for last time. One evening, while Mother was sitting near the oil lamp mending a shirt, the door opened and a small puff of steam, followed by a gigantic bag, entered the room. I ran toward the old woman and helped her unload her bag. She was even thinner now, more bent. Her head shook from side to side as though she were saying no. She could not utter a clear word, but mumbled something with her sunken mouth and pale lips. After the old woman had recovered somewhat, she told us that she had been ill badly. But as soon as she was able to stand on her feet once more, she began her washing. She said “I could not rest easy in my bed because of the wash. The wash would not let me die.……I dont want to be a burden on anyone!”L11 How I Served My Apprenticeship 170 Why was Andrew Carnegie so pround of the one dollor and twenty cents--the first pay he brought home? Carnegie was very pround of the one dollar and twenty cents he earned for the first time in his life when he was only twelve. The money, though small in amount, meant a great deal. First, when he got his first pay he felt that he had grown up. He was no longer a boy who had to depend on his parents; he had become a man who was able to help support the family, a contributing member. This was important because at that time life was hard for the family and it was difficult for his parents to manage alone. Also he though the money was the direct reward of honest manual labor. It represented a week of very hard work. This money gave him the greatest satisfaction of being rewarded for what he had done.L12 A Friend of the Environment P185 Why did Rachel Carson write the Silent Spring? Whats the content of it? Because she felt that the wonders of Nature are precious and permanent, and much of Nature was forever beyond the destruction of man. But then she discovered she was wrong. She learned with sadness that little in Nature is truly beyond the tampering reach of man. Then, She wrote the book Silent Spring to sound a startling warming to mankind and the book showed quite clearly that man was endangering himself and everything else on this planet by his indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides. As her title suggests, Miss Carson was saying that there might come a springtime that would indeed be silent because the birds, as well as other creatures, and plants would have been destroyed by the man-made poisons used to kill crop-threateding insects.L13 Who Shall Dwell? P201 In the story Who shall Dwell?, how did the fatners attitude towards the neighbours change? What brought about the change? When the bomb alert came, the fatherwas clear that he had built the shelter for his own family, and that he would not let anybody else in. So when his neighbours came and asked to share the shelter he rejected them flatly. When a monther begged him to take her little girl in , he did not know what to do. At that monent his wife dashed outside and pushed the girl in. her act set him thinking hard. Just a moment before the first bomb struck he made a big decision. After giving his elder son a few instructions, he stepped out and shoved two children into the shelter. He stood beside his wife, ready to spend the last minute with her. His change seemed sudden, but was actually quite natural. He loved his children, so he was greatly affected by the monthers plea and gave the chance of surival to the two children. Also his love for his wife led him to follow her example.L14 Cipher in the Snow P218 Describe Cliff Evans life before his sudden death. Cliff Evans lived with his mother, stepfather and five younger half brothers and sisters. His stepfather had never legally adopted him, nor did he show any affection for him. At home Cliff didnt talk much and had never told his family about his problems. When he began school, he was timid but eager to learn. And his IQ was pretty good. Then in the third grade a teacher wrote in the school record that he was uncooperative and slow. Since then he had never got any encouragement from his teachers. Gradually, the child had no more confidence left. He never smiled nor talked much. He had no friends; he had never belonged to a club, never played on a team and never held an office. He came to school by himself and left by himself. In class, he would sit back in the last seat. Finally he became silent and lonely. He became nothing.L15 Bribery--An Inevitable Evil? P232 What are the major forms of bribery? Bribery can be classified into three broad categories. The first category consisits of large amounts of money paid for political purposes or to secre major contracts. For example, a certain American company offered big sums of money to support a U.S. presidential candidate when it was nder investigation. Also in order to get big contracts, such payments are often made to ruling families or their close advisers. The second category covers payments made to obtain quicker official approval of some project. In such cases, the money is often paid to key goverment officials concerned. The third category involves payments made in certain countries to make a business deal easy to get approved. For instance, a foreign company may pay to get permission to import equipment. A common type of this category is the facilitating payment to clear cargoes. These are smaller sums of money paid to customs officials.L16 A Social Event P250 What do you know about Randy and Carle in A Social Even? Why are they anxious to get invited to Scottys funeral? Randy and Carole are a young Hollywood couple. They have been married only a short time. Both have achieved a certain degree of success in pictures, but their careers in the show business are still in the promising stage. Scotty Woodrow, a world-famous movie star has just died, and Randy and Carole are anxious to go to his funeral, which will be a gathering of celebrities and is regarded as a big social event. It is said that flowers have come from the U.S. President and the British Queen. Randy and Carole think it is extremely important for their career to be seen there with a lot of big shots. But they havet got an invitation while some of their Hollywood friends, also young actors and actresses like themselves, have been invited. Thats why they are worried and are trying hard to find ways of getting themselves invited in the last minute.Book twobook II L1 Illustrate with manners Dr. Peale mentions in his article Courtesy. Dr.Peale lists three things as the basic ingredients of good manners: a stong sense of justice,the abilit to share another persons inner feelings and the capacity to treat all people alike. Once a mam was driving along a long, narrow and dusty road ahead of another car.Suddenly he stopped off the road and told the driver of the car behind to get ahead of him.He did not want the other person to put up with his dust all the way.This is a man with a strong sense of justice. A courteous person can also understand the pain or unhapiness of others.He/She offers help without hurting the feelings of the other person because he/she shares their emotions as if they were his/her own. Finally, a person with good manners treats all people alike,whether they are lain citizens or big shots .He /She never asks whether the other person deserves their good manners.L2 How did Mr. Fotheringay discover his unusual powers and how did he take advantage of them? It was while he was trying to prove the impossibility of miracles that Mr. Fotheringay discovered his extraordinary powers. He was having a drink in a bar.A person called Toddy opposed everything he said.This made him very angry.He wanted to show oddy that the lamp there couldnt burn upside down without breaking no matter how he wished it to do so.But as soon as he said,Turn upside down without breaking,the lamp did as Fotheringay had just said. Back at home he experimented with his magical powers and came to see that he could with things.The next day he began to take advantage of this unusual power.By his will he first got a fresh goose-egg for breakfast.In the same way he got the whole days work done in 10 minutes.He also created a number of useful things and increased his personal property.L3 P47 How did Mr.Fotheringays attitude towards miracles changes? Mr. Fotheringay didnt believe in miracles until he was thirty years old.It was while he was asserting the impossibility of miracles that he discovered his extraordery powers.One day,when he was having a drink in a bar,Toddy Beamish opposed everything he said,so he decided to make an unusual effort.He tried to illustrate what was a miracle by giving a special example,that is ,to make a lamp upside down and go on burning steadily without falling.To his great surprise,what he said came true.Everyone was astonished as it.They all didnt believe it.After going back home,he tried his will power.He scceeded in getting a match and lighting the candle with his will power.He wondered at his will power.Then he tried to get himself a nightsirt,lay and cook a goose-egg,do one days work in ten minutes,make walking stick blossom,and sent the policeman to Hades,then to San Francisco by using his will power.In the end he felt delighted even though he understood that the gift reqired cation and watchfulness.L4 P61 What did Kaz see on that day? When she saw a B-29 bomber approaching,it didnt frighten her,because she thought Hiroshima was the only peaceful city dring the war.Bt,then,Kaz saw the bomb falling awa from the plane and drifting down towards her.The jorney took 43 seconds.Aloud explosion reverberated in the air.A mshroon could rose over the remains of the city.Kaz was thrown to the ground s violently that her two front teech broke of.She lost conscousness.When she came to herself,she found ther was a dead silence around,broken only by the cries of the dying.Their house crashed dowm.Her father had the front of his body brnt.When her brother came back ,she could barely recognize him through his wounds.As night fell,she and her brother made for the mountains to look for a friend of Kazs who offered to take them in.There Kaz looked backand saw the city on fire.She left her brother behind and ran down the hillside towards the flames for her parents.The streets were filled with the dead and the barely living.L5 P77 How did the Wades celebrate the Christmas? Several days before Chritmas,theyd gone down to their own little farm.They had cut a tree in their own woods.They had eaten and slept,and read by the light of oil lamps.The children had been more than satisfied with their presents;there had been balls,erector sets, a number of story books,and a lot of jnk from the five-and-ten for the boys,and for Laura,a picture Emily had found cheap in a second-art shop and samll brooch that had belong to Henrys mother.it was Lauras obvios pleasure that had brightened everything.Whether she was chopping wood,or roming with her brothers,or basting the turkey,or talking politics very sensibly with her father,shed seemed to radiate hapiness.On New Years Eve,they had given her a weak highball,the first shed ever had,and she had gone to sleep sitting on the floor with her rosy cheek against Henrys knee.The family all had a very wonderful time!L6 P94 What is the characteristic of Britains landscape that goes with variety? With variety goes surprise.Ours is the country of happy surprises.You have never to travel long without being pleasantly astonished.It would not be difficult to compile a list of such surprises that would fill the next fifty pages,but I will content myself with suggesting the first few that occur to me.If you go down into the West Contry,among rounded hills and soft pastures,you suddenly arrive at the bleak tablelands as if the North had left a piece of itself down there.But before you have reached them you have already been surprised by the queer bit of marshland,as if a former inhabitant had been sent to Cambridge and had brought his favourite marshland walk back from college with him into the West.L7 P110 In the authors opinion,what does love mean? Love means that I know the person I love.Love means that I care about the welfare of the person I love.Love means having respect for the dignity of the person I love.Love means having a responsibility toward the person I love.Love means growth for both myself and the person I love.Love can tolerate imperfection.Love is freeing.Love is expansive.Love means having want for the person I love without having a need for that person in order to be complete .love means identifying within the person we love.L8 P126 How did philips design an atomic bomb in his junior year at Princeton? Philips read over the book on nuclear-reactor technology,general nclear physics,and current atomic theory.Besides,he listened to Dysons explanations of the basic principles of nuclear physics.That wasnt enough. In order to find more useful information,Phillips went to Washington.D.C.,to search for records of the Los Alamos Project that were declassified between 1954 and 1964.He discovered a copy of the literature which carefully outlined all the details of atomic fissioning known to the worlds most advanced scientists in the early 1940s. The biggest problem involved inthe explosion of an atomic bomb was how to arrange the explosives around the plutonium.Another problem he was faced with was which explosive he should use to create a very high density.After finding errors,Philips ran through a series of new calculations,carefully figuring the arrangement of the explosives around the plutnium.If his equations were correct,his atomic bomb would expode effectively as expected.But he should know the exact nature of the explosives he would use.Fortunately,he got the very information about these explosives from Du pont Company.Now,so to speak,he already succeeded in designing an atomic bomb on paper.L9 P143 What do you think are the advantages and goading? I think goading is a good way to prod the children to behave well. In a way ,goading is positive.As human beings,we all have the sense of self--respect and will be proud of our little achievement.If there are occasious prods in the rear,we will in time be conscious of our inefficiency ,and then press ourselves to achieve higher aims.Just as it affected John and his cousin,goading from time to time can prevent children from being proun of their little achievement.It can make them more modest and prudent.The modest receive benifit,while the conceited reap failure. However,we could not say it is without any harm.Sometimes it might be harmful.it may disappoint children and cause them to lose heart.Perhaps they will collapse after one setback.Therefore,only goading itself is not enough;it must be combined with the proper method to carry it out.L10 P158 What is your idea about a true friend? In my view,a true friend should be honest,loyal and willing to help. Honesty in friendship means that we should be sincere anf frank.We should not hsitate to point out our friends shortcomings and should never try to cover uo their errors.What we should do is to encourage and help them to improve. Loyalty is impaortant if we want the relationship to last.We have confidence in one another in fine wether and in rainy days.We dont desert our friends when they run into trouble.Not do we cling to them in their sccess.We share with our friends both joy and sorrow. True friends are the people we can turn to in all circumstances,as the saying goes,“A friend in need is a friend indeed.”They are always ready to lend a helping hand to pull us out of tight corner. I believe in true friendship though truefriends are not easy to find.L11 P174 Was there difference between Baker and Doris?What were their mothers expections of them? Doris was quite different from Baker in character. Take the example of gumption,Baker lacked it but Doris had enough of it for a dozen people.What Baker liked to do most was lying in front of the radio rereading his favourite Big Little Book,Dick Tracy Meets Stooge Viller.In contrast,Doris liked activity.When she was olny seven,she could carry a piece of short-weighted cheese back to the A&P,threaten the manager with legal action and come back triumphantly with the full quarter pound theyd paid for and a new extra thrown in for forgiveness. Mrs. Baker expected her son to make something of himself. She did not expect Doris to do the same only because Doris was a girl.The best a capable girl could hope for was to become a nurse or school teacher.L12 P191 Describe the Bakers family background and their life then . Then Great Depression,the worst time before the World War Two,broke out, which lasted from 1929-1933.The year 1932 was the bleakest time in the Great Depression .The Great Depression began in America and spread allover the Eropean countries quickly.Also ,it was the Great Depressin that led to the Second World lions of people were out of work.Many factories and landlords went bankrupt.The year 1932 was the climax of the Depression. The athors father had died two years before,leaving them with a few pieces of Sears, Roebuck furniture and not much else. His family was poor so that his mother had to take his sister, Doris, and him to live with one of her younger brothers, uncle Allen,who had made something of himself by 1932 as a salesman for a soft-drink bottle and had an income of $30 a week.L13 What are the two dangers to be guarded against in old age? One of these is too great an absorption in the past.One should not live in memories, in regrets for the good old days, or in sadness about friends who are dead. Ones thoughts must be directed to the future, and to things about which there is something to be done. This is not always easy; ones own past is a gradually increasing weight .It is easy to think to oneself that ones emotions used to be more vivid that they are, and ones imnd more keen. If this is true, it should be forgotten, and if it is forgotten it will probably not be true. The other thing to be avoided is clinging to youth in the hope of finding strength in its vitality. When your children are grown uos they want to live their own lives, and if you continue to be as interested in them as you were when they were young, you are likely to become a burden to them, unless they are unusually insensible.L14 P223 What kind of person was the lighthouse keeper? I think the lighthouse keeper was a person that deserves our respect and admiration. Life in the lighthouse seemed very simple and dull, but he had no desire for anything that he did not need or anything that was beyond his power to obtain. For this reason he declined the tobacco Rudolf offered. Though his world was limited, his mind was as spacious as the ocean he lived closed to. He was kind and generous to Rudolf, a stranger who had come to the lighthouse to seek shelter from the storm. He did not know what a violin was and had never heard msic before, but he could understand Beethovens work Rudolf played for him. He was a man of few words, and did not show much warmth towards Rudolf, but deep down he was greatly attached to his guest. To him the violin was part of the man he wanted to know more about, not something he was interested in because he had never seen it before.L15 P238 Why the author mentions that it is impossible to measure the importance of Edison by adding up the specific inventions with which his name is associated? Because he thinks that although many inventions of Edison have been in their effect upon modern civilization, the total effect of Edisons career surpasses the sum of all of them. He did not merely make the lamp and the phonograph and innmerable other devices practicable for general use; it was given to him to demonstrate the power of applied science so concretely, so understandably, so convincingly that he altered the mentality of mankind. In his lifetime,largely because of his successes, there came into widest acceptance the revolutionary conception that man could by the use of his intelligence invent a new mode of living on this planet;the human spirit, which in all previous ages had regarded the confidently,and perhaps somewhat naively, adopted the conviction that anything could be changed and everything could be controlled.L16Why so many parents indulge their children with too many material things? In recent years,our life standard is become better and better.Someone usually said that the children now。