考研英语阅读大全
考研英语阅读题
题目2：Environmental Conservation Challenges
阅读材料：Environmental conservation faces numerous challenges, including climate change, loss of biodiversity, and overexploitation of resources. Climate change has led to an increase in extreme weather events, such as hurricanes and wildfires, which have devastating effects on the environment. Loss of biodiversity threatens the stability of ecosystems and the survival of numerous species. Overexploitation of resources, such as deforestation and overfishing, has led to the depletion of natural resources and the destruction of habitats. Despite these challenges, there are solutions to address them, such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions, protecting endangered species, and promoting sustainable resource management. However, it requires global cooperation and individual actions to overcome these challenges and protect the environment.
英语考研真题及答案
英语考研真题及答案一、阅读理解（共40分）Passage 1In recent years, the number of international students in the United States has been steadily increasing. According to the latest report from the Institute of International Education, the total number of international students in the U.S. has reached a new high of 1.1 million.Questions:1. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The growth of international students in the U.S.B. The Institute of International Education.C. The reasons for the increase in international students.D. The total number of students in the U.S.Answer: A2. What does the passage suggest about the trend of international students in the U.S.?A. It has been decreasing.B. It has been fluctuating.C. It has been increasing.D. It has remained stable.Answer: CPassage 2[Content of the second passage][Questions related to the second passage]Answer: [Answers to the questions]二、写作（共30分）Task: Write an essay of about 300 words on the following topic.Topic: "The impact of technology on education."[Essay prompt with guidelines]三、翻译（共20分）English to Chinese:Translate the following sentence into Chinese."The rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes in the way we live and work."Answer: 技术的快速发展已经改变了我们生活和工作的方式。
考研英语历年英语阅读真题及答案
考研英语历年英语阅读真题及答案考研英语阅读是考试中的重要部分，通过阅读理解题目，考生可以提升英语语言能力和考试答题能力。
下面将为大家整理一些历年考研英语阅读真题及答案，供各位考生参考。
一、真题一阅读理解题目：Passage 1Questions 1-3 are based on the following passage.Vasily Grossman, a journalist and writer, was recognized only belatedly in the Soviet Union. But by the time of his death in 1964 his works could no longer be ignored or suppressed completely.Grossman was born in a Jewish family in 1905 in Berdichev (Ukraine) and after training for a career in civil engineering became a writer and journalist, first in Ukraine, then in Moscow. His first literary success was a volume of short stories (1934) and his first novel, Stalingrad (1952), established his reputation as a writer of remarkable talents. It is a fine example of the "Bread and Battles" type of fiction-- novels with a Central Russian war theme.Between the wars Grossman established himself as a newspaper reporter of the first rank. At the outbreak of the German invasion in 1941 he became a war reporter. His articles in the army newspaper Red Star had considerable effect. After the war he continued to write--describing, for example, the1943 Battle of Kursk in which a German advance was halted. These articles lead directly to the writing of Stalingrad.In 1959 his novel Life and Fate was finished, and when it became apparent that the manuscript would be suppressed by the authorities, Grossman gave copies to friends. A "textbook example of containment," the manuscript switched across the Iron Curtain and was first published in the West in 1980; in the Soviet Union only an abridged version was eventually published in 1988.Grossman's major themes are war and totalitarianism. He writes with great authority and humanity. In his later years he suffered from cruel persecution at the hands of the authorities and died a broken man.1. Vasily Grossman was initially recognized as a writer(A) during his lifetime(B) after his death(C) when his works were published in the West(D) after his works had been highly evaluated2. Grossman's first novel, Stalingrad, established his reputation by(A) describing a battle of the Second World War(B) criticizing the authorities' persecution(C) relating his post-war experience(D) criticizing totalitarianism3. Grossman's Life and Fate(A) was not praised as much as Stalingrad(B) was first published in the Soviet Union(C) was taken out of the Soviet Union in its entirety(D) was intended to show the effects of containment参考答案：1. A2. A3. C二、真题二阅读理解题目：Passage 2It is a common belief that emotions interfere with our reasoning abilities and lead to irrational decisions. However, recent studies have shown that emotions can actually be beneficial to the decision-making process.One study conducted by neuroscientist Antonio Damasio revealed that individuals with damage to a specific part of the brain had difficulty making decisions, even though their intelligence was not affected. This study suggests that emotions play a crucial role in our ability to make choices.Another study conducted by psychologists Loewenstein and Lerner found that individuals who experienced mild emotions during the decision-making process made better decisions compared to those who were emotionally neutral. This suggests that emotions can provide valuable information that can aid in decision-making.Furthermore, research has shown that individuals who are able to understand and regulate their emotions have better decision-making skills. This is because emotional intelligence allows individuals to consider both their rational thoughts and emotional responses when making decisions.In conclusion, emotions are not always detrimental to decision-making. They can provide valuable information and aid in the decision-making process. Additionally, individuals who possess emotional intelligence have better decision-making skills overall.4. According to the passage, recent studies have shown that emotions(A) interfere with our reasoning abilities(B) lead to irrational decisions(C) play a crucial role in decision-making(D) have no impact on decision-making5. The study conducted by Antonio Damasio suggests that individuals with damage to a specific part of the brain(A) have difficulty making decisions due to a lack of intelligence(B) have no emotional responses to aid in decision-making(C) are more likely to make irrational decisions(D) experience interference from their emotions when making decisions6. According to Loewenstein and Lerner's study, individuals who experienced mild emotions during the decision-making process(A) made better decisions compared to those who were emotionally neutral(B) were more likely to make irrational decisions(C) had difficulty making decisions due to a lack of emotional responses(D) had no impact on their decision-making abilities参考答案：4. C5. A6. A根据上述两道真题及其答案，我们可以看到考研英语阅读理解题目通常包括一篇或多篇文章，每篇文章后面配有若干问题，考生需要根据文章内容选择正确的答案。
考研英语_时文阅读50篇
考研英语_时⽂阅读50篇考拉进阶英语时⽂阅读50篇Passage1Dealing With Spam1:Confidence Game(2010.11.18The Economist)[483words]Bill Gates,then still Microsoft’s boss,was nearly rightin2004when he predicted the end of spam in two years.Thanks to clever filters2unsolicited3e-mail has largelydisappeared as a daily nuisance4for most on the internet.But spam is still a menace5:blocked at the e-mail inbox,spammers post messages as comments on websites and increasingly on social networks like Twitter and Facebook.The criminal businesses behind spam are competitive and creative.They vault over6technical fixes as fast as the hurdles7are erected.The anti-spam industry has done applaudable work in saving e-mail.But it is always one step behind.In the end,the software industry’s interest is in making money from the problem(by selling subscriptions to regular security updates)rather than tackling it at its source.Law-enforcement agencies have had some success shutting down spam-control servers in America and the Netherlands.But as one place becomes unfriendly, spammers move somewhere else.Internet connections in poor and ill-run countries are improving faster than the authorities there can police them.That won’t end soon.In any case,the real problem is not the message,but the link.Sometimes an unwise click leads only to a website that sells counterfeit8pills.But it can also lead to a page that infects your computer with a virus or another piece of malicious software that then steals your passwords or uses your machine for other immoral purposes. Spam was never about e-mail;it was about convincing us to click.To the spammer,it needs to be decided whether the link is e-mailed or liked.The police are doing what they can,and software companies keep on tightening security.But spam is not just a hack9or a crime,it is a social problem,too.If you look beyond the computers that lie between a spammer and his mark,you can see allthe classic techniques of a con-man:buy this stock,before everyone else does.Buy these pills,this watch,cheaper than anyone else can.The spammer plays upon the universal human desire to believe that we are smarter than anyone gives us credit for,and that things can be had for nothing.As in other walks of life,people become wiser and take precautions only when they have learned what happens when they don’t.That is why the spammers’new arena10—social networks—is so effective.A few fiddles might help,such as tougher default privacy settings on social networks.But the real problem is man,not the machine.Public behaviour still treats the internet like a village,in which new faces are welcome and anti-social behaviour a rarity.A better analogy would be a railway station in a big city,where hustlers11gather to prey on the credulity12of new arrivals.Wise behaviour in such places is to walk fast,avoid eye contact and be cautious with strangers.Try that online.1.spam/sp?m/n.垃圾邮件2.filter/?f?lt?/n.过滤器；滤光器；筛选过滤程序3.unsolicited/??ns??l?s?t?d/adj.未经请求的，⾃发的4.nuisance/?nju?s?ns/n.⿇烦事，讨厌的⼈或东西5.menace/?men?s/n.威胁，恐吓；危险⽓氛；烦⼈的⼈或事物6.vault over越过7.hurdle/?h??dl/n.障碍；跨栏，栏8.counterfeit/?ka?nt?f?t/n.伪造，仿造，制假9.hack/h?k/n.砍,劈；供出租的马；出租车司机；⾮法侵⼊（他⼈计算机系统）10.arena/??ri?n?/n.圆形运动场，圆形剧场；竞技舞台，活动场所11.hustler/?h?sl?/n.耍诡计骗钱的⼈12.credulity/kr??du?l?t?/n.轻信Passage2A Gene to Explain Depression（2011.1.3Time）[459words]As powerful as genes are in exposing clues to diseases,not even the most passionate geneticist1believes thatcomplex conditions such as depression can be reduced to atell-tale2string of DNA.But a new study confirms earlier evidence that aparticular gene,involved in ferrying3a brain chemical critical to mood known as serotonin4,may play a role in triggering5the mental disorder in some people.Researchers led by Dr.Srijan Sen,a professor of psychiatry at University of Michigan,report in the Archives6of General Psychiatry that individuals with a particular form of the serotonin transporter gene were more vulnerable to developing depression when faced with stressful life events such as having a serious medical illness or being a victim of childhood abuse.The form of the gene that these individuals inherit prevents the mood-regulating serotonin from being re-absorbed by nerve cells in the brain.Having such a low-functioning version of the transporter starting early in life appears to set these individuals up for developing depression later on,although the exact relationship between this gene,stress,and depression isn’t clear yet.Sen’s results confirm those of a ground-breaking7study in2003,in which scientists for the first time confirmed the link between genes and environment in depression.In that study,which involved more than800subjects,individuals with the gene coding for the less functional serotonin transporter were more likely to develop depression following a stressful life event than those with the more functional form of the gene.But these findings were questioned by a2009analysis in which scientistspooled814studies investigating the relationship between the serotonin transporter gene,depression and stress,and found no heightened risk of depression among those with different versions of the gene.“One of the hopes I have is that we can settle this story,and move on to looking more broadly across the genome9for more factors related to depression,”he says.“Ideally we would like to find a panel of different genetic variations that go together to help us predict who is going to respond poorly to stress,and who might respond well to specific types of treatment as opposed to others.”He believes that the2009findings do not contradict those from2003,or the latest results,but rather reflect a difference in the way the study was conducted.Sen stresses,however,that this gene is only one player in the cast of genetic and environmental factors that contribute to depression.“All things considered,this gene is a relatively small factor,and for this finding to be clinically10useful,we really need to find many,many more factors.Ultimately we may identify new pathways that are involved in depression to come up with new and better treatments.”1.geneticist/dnet?s?st/n.遗传学家2.tell-tale/?tel?te?l/adj.暴露实情的，能说明问题的3.ferry/?fer?/vt.渡运，摆渡4.serotonin/?s??rt??n?n/n.[⽣化]⾎清素，5-羟⾊胺（神经递质，易影响情绪等）5.trigger/?tr?ɡ?/vt.触发，引发；开动，启动6.archive/?ɑ?ka?v/n.档案馆；档案⽂件7.ground-breaking/?gra?nd?bre?k??/adj.开创性的；创新的8.pool/pu?l/vt.合伙经营；集中（智慧等）；共享，分享9.genome/??i?n??m/n.[⽣]基因组；[⽣]染⾊体组10.clinically/?kl?n?kl?/adv.临床地；冷淡地；通过临床诊断Passage3Second Thoughts on Online Education(2010.9New York Times)[415words]Let the computer do the teaching.Some studies,expertopinion and cost pressures all point toward a continuing shiftof education online.A major study last year,funded by the EducationDepartment,which covered comparative research over12years,concluded that online learning on average beat face-to-face teaching by a modest1but statistically meaningful margin2.Bill Gates,whose foundation funds a lot of education programs,predicted last month that in five years much of college education will have gone online.“The self-motivated learner will be on the Web,”Mr.Gates said,speaking at the Techonomy conference in Lake Tahoe.“College needs to be less place-based.”But recent research,published as a National Bureau of Economic Research working paper,comes to a different conclusion.“A rush to online education may come at more of a cost than educators may suspect,”the authors write.The research was a head-to-head experiment,comparing the grades achieved in the same introductory economics class by students—one group online,and one in classroom lectures.Certain groups did notably worse online.Hispanic3students online fell nearly a full grade lower than Hispanic students that took the course in class.Male students did about a half-grade worse online,as did low-achievers,which had college grade-point averages below the mean for the university.The difference certainly was not attributable4to machines replacing a tutorial-style human teaching environment.Instead,the classroom was a large lecture hall seating hundreds of students.Initially,David Figlio,an economist at Northwestern University and co-author of the paper,said he had thought that the flexibility5of the Internet—the ability to“go back and roll the tape”—would probably give the online coursework6an edge over traditional“chalk and talk teaching.”The online lectures were well done,using a professional producer and cameraman7.“It had very much the feel of being in the room,”Mr.Figlio said.So what accounts for the difference in outcomes8?Mr.Figlio has a few theories. For the poorer performance of males and lower-achievers,he says the time-shifting convenience of the Web made it easier for students to put off viewing the lectures and cram9just before the test,a tactic10unlikely to produce the best possible results.It’s partly a stereotype11but also partly true,Mr.Figlio says,that female students tend to be better at timemanagement,spreading their study time over a semester,than males.“And the Internet makes it easier to put off12the unpleasant thing,attending the lecture,”he said.1.modest/?m?d?st/adj.谦虚的,谦恭的；适中的,适度的；些许的2.margin/?mɑ:d??n/n.页边空⽩；边,边缘；差数,差额3.Hispanic/h?s?p?n?k/adj.西班⽛和葡萄⽛的4.attributable/??tr?bj?t?bl/adj.可归因于，可能由于5.flexibility/?fleks??b?l?t?/n.灵活性；柔韧性6.coursework/?k?:sw?:k/n.课程作业7.cameraman/?k?m?r?m?n/n.摄影师8.outcome/?a?tk?m/n.结果9.cram/kr?m/v.挤满，塞满；临时死记硬背10.tactic/?t?kt?k/n.兵法；⽅法,策略；⼿段；招数11.stereotype/?ster??ta?p/n.模式化观念，⽼⼀套，刻板形象12.put off撤销，取消Passage4The Kids Can’t Help It（2010.12.16Newsweek）[372words]What new research reveals about the adolescentbrain—from why kids bully1to how the teen yearsshape the rest of your life.They say you never escape high school.And forbetter or worse,science is lending some credibility tothat old saw.Thanks to sophisticated imaging technology and a raft2of longitudinal3studies,we’re learning that the teen years are a period of crucial brain development subject to a host of environmental and genetic factors.This emerging research sheds4light not only on why teenagers act they way they do,but how the experiences of adolescence—from rejection to binge5 drinking—can affect who we become as adults,how we handle stress,and the way we bond with others.One of the most important discoveries in this area of study,says Dr.Frances Jensen,a neuroscientist at Harvard,is that our brains are not finished maturing by adolescence,as was previously thought.Adolescent brains“are only about80percentof the way to maturity,”she said at the annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience in November.It takes until the mid-20s,and possibly later,for a brain to become fully developed.An excess of gray matter6(the stuff that does the processing)at the beginning of adolescence makes us particularly brilliant at learning—the reason we’re so good at picking up new languages starting in early childhood—but also particularly sensitive to the influences of our environment,both emotional and physical.Our brains’processing centers haven’t been fully linked yet,particularly the parts responsible for helping to check7our impulses8and considering the long-term repercussions9of our actions.“It’s like a brain that’s all revved10up not knowing where it needs to go,”says Jensen.It’s partially because of this developmental timeline that a teen can be so quick to conjure11a stinging remark,or a biting insult,and so uninhibited12in firing it off at the nearest unfortunate target—a former friend,perhaps,or a bewildered parent.The impulse to hurl13an insult14is there,just as it may be for an adult in a stressful situation,but the brain regions that an adult might rely on to stop himself from saying something cruel just haven’t caught up.1.bully/?b?l?/v.恐吓；充当恶霸，恃强凌弱2.raft/rɑ?ft/n.筏；橡⽪艇，充⽓船；⼤量3.longitudinal/?l?ntju?d?nl/adj.纵向的；纵观的；经度的4.shed/?ed/vt.散发出光；去除，摆脱；蜕，落5.binge/b?nd?/n.饮酒作乐；狂饮；狂闹6.gray matter灰质（脑、脊髓内神经元集中的地⽅）7.check/t?ek/v.检查，核验，核对；制⽌，控制8.impulse/??mp?ls/n.冲动；脉冲；刺激，推动⼒9.repercussion/?ri?p??kn/n.（间接的）反响，影响，恶果10.rev/rev/v.（发动机等）加快转速11.conjure/?k?n??/v.变魔术；使变戏法般地出现（或消失）12.uninhibited/??n?n?h?b?t?d/adj.⽆限制的;⽆拘束的,放任的13.hurl/h??l/vt.猛掷，猛扔；⼤声说出14.insult/?n?s?lt/n.侮辱；凌辱；⽆礼Passage5The Power of Posture(2011.1.13The Economist)[486words]“Stand up straight!”“Chest out!”“Shoulders back!”Theseare the perennial1cries of sergeant2majors and fussy3parentsthroughout the ages.Posture certainly matters.Big is dominantand in species after species,humans included,postures thatenhance the posturer’s apparent size cause others to treat him asif he were more powerful.The stand-up-straight brigade4,however,often make a further claim:that posture affects the way the posturer treats himself,as well as how others treat him.To test the truth of this,Li Huang and Adam Galinsky,at Northwestern University in Illinois,have compared posture’s effects onself-esteem with those of a more conventional ego-booster,management responsibility. In a paper just published in Psychological Science they conclude,surprisingly,that posture may matter more.The two researchers’experimental animals—77undergraduate students—first filled out questionnaires5,ostensibly6to assess their leadership capacity.Half were then given feedback forms which indicated that,on the basis of the questionnaires, theywere to be assigned to be managers in a forthcoming7experiment.The other half were told they would besubordinates8.While the participants waited for this feedback, they were asked to help with a marketing test on ergonomic9chairs.In fact,neither of these tests was what it seemed.The questionnaires were irrelevant.V olunteers were assigned to be managers or subordinates at random.The test of posture had nothing to do with ergonomics.And,crucially,each version of the posture test included equal numbers of those who would become“managers”and “subordinates”.Once the posture test was over the participants received their new statuses and the researchers measured theirimplicit10sense of power by asking them to engage in a word-completion task.Participants were instructed to complete a number of fragments11with the first word that came to mind.Seven of the fragments could be interpreted as words related to power(“power”,“direct”,“lead”,“authority”,“control”,“command”and“rich”).Although previous studies suggested a mere title is enough to produce a detectable increase in an individual’s sense of power,Dr Huang and Dr Galinsky found no difference in the word-completion scores of those told they would be managers and those told they would be subordinates.Having established the principle,Dr Huang and Dr Galinsky went on to test the effect of posture on other power-related decisions:whether to speak first in a debate, whether to leave the site of a plane crash to find help and whether to join a movement to free a prisoner who was wrongfully locked up.In all three cases those who had sat in expansive12postures chose the active option(to speak first,to search for help,to fight for justice)more often than those who had sat crouched13. The upshot14,then,is that father(or the sergeant major)was right.Those who walk around with their heads held high not only get the respect of others,they seem also to respect themselves.1.perennial/p??ren??l/adj.[植]多年⽣的；长久的，持续的2.sergeant/?sɑnt/n.[军]（英）陆军、空军、海军陆战队中⼠；（美）陆军或空军中⼠3.fussy/?f?s?/adj.挑剔的，⼤惊⼩怪的；紧张不安的4.brigade/?br?ɡe?d/n.旅；伙，帮，派5.questionnaire/?kwestn e?/n.问卷；调查表6.ostensibly/?s?tens?bl?/adv.表⾯上；明显地7.forthcoming/?f??θ?k?m??/adj.即将发⽣的；现成的；乐于提供信息的8.subordinate/s??b??d?n?t/n.下级，部属9.ergonomic/ɡn?m?k/adj.⼈类⼯程学的10.implicit/?m?pl?s?t/adj.不⾔明的，含蓄的11.fragment/?fr?ɡm?nt/n.碎⽚，⽚段12.expansive/?ks?p?ns?v/adj.⼴阔的，辽阔的；⼴泛的，全⾯的；友善健谈的，开朗的13.crouch/kraut?/vt.屈膝,蹲伏,蹲,蹲下14.upshot/??p??t/n.最后结果，结局Passage6How Rest Helps Memory:Sleepy Heads(2010.2.25The Economist)[402words]Mad dogs and Englishmen,so the song has it,go out in themidday sun.And the business practices of England’s linealdescendant1,America,will have you in the office from nine in themorning to five in the evening,if not longer.Much of the world,though,prefers to take a siesta2.And research presented to theAAAS meeting in San Diego suggests it may be right to do so.Ithas already been established that those who siesta are less likely todie of heart disease.Now,Matthew Walker and his colleagues at the University of California,Berkeley,have found that they probably have better memory, too.A post-prandial3snooze4,Dr Walker has discovered,sets the brain up for learning.The role of sleep in consolidating5memories that have already been created has been understood for some time.Dr Walker has been trying to extend this understanding by looking at sleep’s role in preparing the brain for the formation of memories in the first place.He was particularly interested in a type of memory called episodic6memory,which relates to specific events,places and times.This contrasts with procedural memory,of the skills required to perform some sort of mechanical task,such as driving.The theory he and his team wanted to test was that the ability to form new episodic memories deteriorates7with increased wakefulness,and that sleep thus restores the brain’s capacity for efficient learning.They asked a group of39people to take part in two learning sessions,one at noon and one at6pm.On each occasion the participants tried to memorise and recall 100combinations of pictures and names.After the first session they were assigned randomly to either a control group,which remained awake,or a nap group,which had 100minutes of monitored sleep. Those who remained awake throughout the day became worse at learning.Those who napped8,by contrast,actually improved their capacity to learn,doing better in the evening than they had at noon.These findings suggest that sleep is clearing the brain’s short-term memory and making way for new information.The benefits to memory of a nap,says Dr Walker,are so great that they can equal an entire night’s sleep.Hewarns,however,that napping must not be done too late in the day or it will interfere with night-time sleep.Moreover,not everyone awakens refreshed from a siesta.1.lineal descendant直系后裔2.siesta/s??est?/n.午睡，午休3.prandial/?pr?nd??l/adj.膳⾷的，正餐的4.snooze/snu:z/n.⼩睡5.consolidate/k?n?s?l?de?t/vt.使巩固，使加强；合并6.episodic/?ep??s?d?k/adj.偶尔发⽣的，不定期的；有许多⽚段的7.deteriorate/d??t??r??re?t/vi.恶化,退化；变坏8.nap/n?p/vi.⼩睡Passage7Learning Gap Between Rich and Poor Starts Early（2011.2Newsweek）[354words]It’s generally accepted that there is a correlationbetween a child’s educational attainment1and a family’spoverty level,but new research shows that the problemmay take root2earlier than previously thought.A new study in Psychological Science found that at10months old,children from poor families performed just as well as children from wealthier families,but by the time they turned2,children from wealthier families were scoring consistently higher than those from poorer ones.“Poor kids aren’t even doing as well in terms of school readiness,sounding out letters and doing other things that you would expect to be relevant to early learning,”Elliot M.Tucker-Drob of the University of Texas at Austin,lead author of the study, said in a press release.To conduct the study,researchers assessed the mental abilities of about750pairs of fraternal3and identical4twins from all over the U.S.The participants’socioeconomic status was determined based on parents’educational attainment, occupations and family income.Each child was asked to perform tasks that included pulling a string to ring a bell, placing three cubes in a cup,matching pictures and sorting pegs by color first at10 months and again when they were2years old.At this time,researchers discovered that during the14-month window between the aptitude5tests,gaps in cognitive6 development had started to occur.Children from wealthier families had started to consistently outperform those from poorer ones.Researchers attempted to disprove7a genetic explanation by comparing the aptitude tests of each set of twins.Among the2-year-olds from wealthier families, identical twins had much more similar test scores than fraternal twins,who share only half of their genes.However,among2-year-olds from poorer families,identical twins scored no more similar to one another than did fraternal twins.The implication is that children’s genetic potential is subdued8by poverty, though the study stopped short of drawing a scientific conclusion as to what specifically was causing the achievement gaps.Researchers did postulate9that, generally speaking,poorer parents may not have the time or resources to spend playing with their children in stimulating ways.1.attainment/??te?nm?nt/n.达到；成就，造诣2.take root⽣根；开始；建⽴3.fraternal/fr??t??nl/adj.兄弟般的，亲如⼿⾜的4.identical/a??dent?kl/adj.同⼀的，完全相同的5.aptitude/??pt?tju?d/n.天资，天赋6.cognitive/?k?ɡn?t?v/adj.认知的，认识的7.disprove/d?s?pru?v/vt.证明……是错的8.subdue/s?b?dju?/vt.征服；抑制，克制9.postulate/?p?stj?le?t/v.假定，假设Passage8More Than Meets the Mirror：Illusion1Test Links Difficulty Sensing InternalCues2with Distorted3Body-Image(2011.1.4Scientific America)[457words]With all of the New Year’s diet ads claiming you canlose dozens of pounds in seemingly as many days,youprobably are not alone if you looked in the mirror thismorning and saw a less than ideal body.Or maybe you justpicked up a new magazine in which already thin modelshave their remaining flesh scavenged4by Photoshop to make them appear even slimmer.With all of these unrealistic promises and images,it can be hard to gain an accurate sense of one’s own body.But the disjunction5for some people might go deeper than manipulated5photos.A new study shows that the way people perceive their external7appearance is likely linked to how they experience their bodies internally.Researchers found that people who had greater difficulties sensing their own internal bodily states were also more likely to be fooled into believing a rubber hand was part of their own bodies. These results,published online in the issue of Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences,may one day help scientists understand how body image can become so distorted in disorders like body dysmorphia8and anorexia nervosa9,says lead author Manos Tsakiris of Royal Holloway,University of London.“The sense of self is built up from a representation of internal states,”says Hugo Critchley,a professor of psychiatry at the University of Sussex in England who was not involved with the study.“This paper is showing that sensitivity of individuals to their internal state predicts the strength of their self-representation.”Most of the time,the image someone has of their body is pretty close to its external appearance.You may see your thighs10as slightly bigger than they actually are,or your arm muscles as slightly smaller,but the discrepancy11is usually minimal12.In some mental disorders,however,body image can become dramatically distorted.Those who suffer from body dysmorphic disorder think that parts of their bodies are malformed13or grotesque14,even when these supposed flaws are not noticeable to others.In eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa patients continue to think they need to lose weight even as their bodies waste away.Crucial to the formation of body image—pathological15and otherwise—is the integration of external and internal cues.What we see in the mirror and what we feel against our skin melds with16our own internal awareness of our bodies to create an overarching17body image.Scientists have historically focused on how external factors like magazines and fashion models affect the creation of an accurate body image.Tsakiris and his colleagues,however,hypothesized that a person’s internal awareness of his or her body,known as interoceptive18awareness,was also related to the creation of an accurate body image.1.illusion/??ljun/n.错觉，幻觉；假象2.cue/kju?/n.提⽰；暗⽰,暗号3.distorted/d?s?t??t?d/adj.变形的，扭曲的；歪曲的，曲解的4.scavenge/?sk?v?n?/v.（从废弃物中）觅⾷，捡破烂；吃（动物⼫体）5.disjunction/d?sk??n/n.分离，分裂6.manipulate/m??n?pj?le?t/vt.控制，操纵；操作，使⽤；正⾻7.external/?k?st??nl/adj.外部的，外⾯的；外界的，外来的；对外的8.dysmorphia/d?s?m??f??/n.[医]畸形,变形9.anorexia nervosa神经性厌⾷症10.thigh /θa?/n.股，⼤腿11.discrepancy/d?s?krep?ns?/n.差异，不符合，不⼀致12.minimal/?m?n?m?l/adj.极⼩的，极少的，最⼩的13.malformed/?m?l?f??md/adj.畸形的14.grotesque/ɡrtesk/adj.怪诞的，荒唐的；奇形怪状的15.pathological/?p?θ??lkl/adj.不理智的，⽆道理的；病态的；病理学的16.meld with与……融合；与……合并17.overarching/v?r?ɑ?t/adj.⾮常重要的，⾸要的18.interoceptive /??nt?r?u?sept?v/adj.内感受(器)的Passage9The Tussle1for Talent（2011.1.6The Economist）[432words]Plato believed that men are divided into three classes:gold,silver and bronze.Vilfredo Pareto,an Italianeconomist,argued that“the vital2few”account for mostprogress.Such sentiments are taboo today in public life.Politicians talk of a“leadership class”or“the vital few”attheir peril3.Schools abhor4picking winners.Universities welcome the masses:more people now teach at British ones than attended them in the 1950s.In the private sector5things could hardly be more different.The world’s best companies struggle relentlessly6to find and keep the vital few.They offer them fat pay packets,extra training,powerful mentors7and more challenging assignments.If anything,businesses are becoming more obsessed with ability.This is partly cyclical8.Deloitte and other consultancies have noticed that as the economy begins to recover,companies are trying harder to nurture raw talent,or to poach9it from their rivals.When new opportunities arise,they hope to have the brainpower to seize them.The acceleration of the tussle for talent is also structural, however.Private-equity firms rely heavilyon a few stars.High-tech firms,for all their sartorial10egalitarianism11,are ruthless12about recruiting the brightest.Firms in emerging markets are desperate to find high-flyer13s—the younger the better—who can cope with rapid growth and fast-changing environments.Successful companies make sure that senior managers are involved with“talentdevelopment”.Jack Welch and /doc/2e5e0328482fb4daa58d4b15.html fley,former bosses of GE and P&G,claimed that they spent40%of their time on personnel.Andy Grove,who ran Intel,a chipmaker14,obliged all the senior people,including himself,to spend at least a week a year teaching high-flyers.Nitin Paranjpe,the boss of Hindustan Unilever,recruits people from campuses and regularly visits high-flyers in their offices.Involving the company’s top brass15in the process prevents lower-level managers from monopolising16high-flyers(and taking credit for their triumphs).It also creates a dialogue between established and future leaders.Successful companies also integrate talent development with their broader strategy.This ensures that companies are more than the sum of their parts.Adrian Dillon,a former chief financial officer of Agilent,a firm that makes high-tech measuring devices,says he would rather build a“repertory17company”than a “collection of world experts”.P&G likes its managers to be both innovative and worldly:they cannot rise to the top without running operations in a country and managing a product globally.Agilent and Novartis like to turn specialists into general managers.Goodyear replaced23of its24senior managers in two years as it shifted from selling tyres to carmakers to selling them to motorists.1.tussle/t?sl/n.扭打；争论；争⽃；奋⽃2.vita l/?va?tl/adj.⽣命的；充满活⼒的；⽣死攸关的；极其重要的3.peril/?per?l/n.严重危险；祸害，险情4.abhor/?b?h??/vt.痛恨，憎恶5.sector/?sekt?/n.[数]扇形；两脚规；部分；部门6.relentlessly/r??lentl?sl?/adv.残酷地，⽆情地；不停地，不减弱地7.mentor /?men?t??/n.私⼈教师，辅导教师；良师益友8.cyclical/?sa?kl?kl/adj.周期的，循环的9.poach/p??t?/vt.⽔煮；偷猎；盗⽤，挖⾛（⼈员）10.sartorial/sɑ??t??r??l/adj.服装的，男装的，⾐着的11.egalitarianism/??ɡ?l??te?r??n?z?m/n.平等主义，平均主义12.ruthless/?ru?θl?s/adj.⽆情的，冷酷的;残忍的13.high-flyer/?ha?fla??/n.抱负极⾼的⼈；有野⼼的⼈14.chipmaker/?t??p?me?k?/n.集成块制造者；半导体(元件)制造商15.top brass要员16.monopolise/m??n?p?la?z/vt.垄断，独占；占去（⼤部分时间、精⼒），霸占17.repertory/?rep?tr?/n.保留剧⽬轮演Passage10What Is a Medically Induced Coma1and Why Is It Used?（2011.1.10Scientific America）[497words]Basically what happens with a medically induced。
考研英语经典阅读四篇
考研英语经典阅读四篇————————————————————————————————作者: ————————————————————————————————日期：ﻩ考研英语经典阅读四篇PassagｅＯneHowevｅr impｏrｔａnt we ｍay regard schooｌlｉfe to bｅ,tｈere is ｎo denyｉng tｈe fact ｔhaｔchilｄreｎsｐｅnd ｍｏrｅtime at ｈｏｍｅthanｉn ｔhe classrooｍ. Thｅrefｏre, theｇｒeat inｆlｕｅnce ｏｆｐarents cannｏt bｅiｇnored by the teａｃher. They can beｃome stronｇhｅｌp to the school ｐersoｎｎｅl oｒthey can ｃonscｉouｓly or unconsｃiｏuｓly go aｇainst the lｅarｎiｎg ａims.ﻫＡdmｉnistｒatｏrs haｖe been aｗare oｆtｈe ｎeeｄto keep paｒeｎts inforｍed of the newer mｅｔhｏds used in schｏolｓ．Many prｉｎciｐals haｖｅcondｕcted lectures ｅxplａｉning such ｍaｔter as thｅreadinｇreadi ｎesｓpｒｏgram, manｕsｃriｐt wｒｉtiｎg anｄdｅｖelopmeｎtal ｍａthemａtｉｃs.ﻫＭorｅoｖer, ｔhe clａssｒoom ｔｅａcher，wｉｔｈthe permissｉoｎｏf the supeｒviｓors，can alｓo play an impoｒtant r ｏlｅiｎenlightｅning ｐaｒeｎｔｓ. Ｔｈｅｉnformａl tｅa and thｅmａny ｉnteｒvｉews cａrｒied oｎduriｎg tｈe yeaｒ,asｗell as new ways of rｅporting pupil′s progｒess,cａn sｉｇniｆicantly aid in ac ｈievingａharmoniｏus ｉnterpｌay ｂetween school and hｏｍｅ.Tｏilｌｕｓtrate，suppose thatａfather hａs been dｒillｉng Jｕnｉoｒin aｒithｍetic processesｎight ａfteｒnigｈｔ. In a friｅnｄlｙinｔｅｒvｉew, tｈe ｔeacher can ｈelp the pａrenｔｓublｉmａte （转化) hiｓnaturaｌpａｔernａl(父亲的，父权的) intｅreｓt into ｐrodｕctive chａnneｌs. He migｈｔbe ｐｅrsuadｅｄtoｌeｔJunior joｉｎin ｄiｓcｕssiｎg ｔhe fａmｉlｙbudｇet, bｕying tｈe food, uｓing ａｙardstｉckｏｒmｅaｓｕring ｃup ａｔhomｅ,setting thｅcloｃｋ,calcuｌaｔing miｌeage on a tｒiｐaｎｄeｎgaｇｉng in many otｈer actiｖitiｅs thaｔhａve a maｔｈeｍａtｉcａl basiｓ.ﻫＩｆｔｈe ｆather foｌloｗs the advice, it ｉs ｒｅasｏnable to assｕme thａｔｈe will sｏon rｅaｌiｚe hｉs soｎｉs making sａtｉｓｆaｃtｏry prｏgresｓin mathematics，and at thｅｓame time, enｊｏyinｇｔhe ｗork.ﻫTｏo oｆten, hoｗever, tｅａｃhｅrｓ′ coｎfｅrｅnceｓwithｐａｒeｎtｓarｅdevoted to prｅtｔｙａccｏuｎts ｏf ｃhｉldreｎ′s miｓbehavｉorｓ,coｍpｌainｔs aｂoｕｔlaｚineｓs and pｏｏr work ｈａb ｉts, and ｓuggesｔｉon ｆoｒｐunishment and ｒewardｓａｔhomｅ.ﻫWhatｉs neededｉs more creative apｐroａch in whｉcｈｔhe tｅacheｒ, as a prｏｆessｉonａl ａdvisｅr, plantｓideａｓin parentｓ′ ｍinds for the bｅst utiｌｉzaｔioｎof the mａｎｙhours that the cｈiｌd sｐｅnｄｓoｕｔof the ｃlａｓs ｒｏoｍ．ﻫＩn ｔhis way, thｅschoｏl and thｅhome joiｎfｏrces in fｏsteriｎｇｔｈｅfulｌeｓｔｄevelｏｐment of ｙoungｓter s′ capacitieｓ．(3５5）１.The cenｔｒａl idｅa ｅxpresｓｅdｉn tｈe aｂoｖe pasｓage is that[A]ｈoｍｅtrainｉnｇｉs ｍｏre imｐortant thａn school trainiｎg because a child sｐendｓso maｎy hours ｗith hiｓｐareｎts.［B］ｔｅａchers can anｄsｈouldｈelp pareｎｔｓto undeｒstaｎd and ｆurｔherｔhe ａiｍs of thｅsch ｏol.ﻫ［C］there areｍany ways ｉn which the maｔｈematｉcs prｏｇram caｎbｅiｍplemeｎteｄaｔhome.ﻫ[D］parents unconsciously have gｏne agaｉｎst theｔeachｉｎg aims.ﻫ2.The aｕthoｒdirectly ｄiscus ｓｅs the fact thａt［A］pａrents drilｌtheir chｉldrｅn tｏo ｍuch in arithmｅｔｉc.[B] ｐrｉnｃipａls have ｅxplaineｄｔhe new arｔpｒograms to parents.ﻫ［C] a faｔｈer ｃan ｈａvｅhis ｓon helｐｈiｍｃonstruct aｒticles at hｏme.[D] ａpareｎｔ′s ｍisguiｄｅｄefforｔs canｂe properly ｄｉrected．3.Ｉt can ｒeasoｎablｙbe inｆerrｅd thａt ｔｈe aｕthoｒﻫ［A］ｉs ｓaｔisfｉｅd with prｅsent reｌatioｎｓh ｉps ｂeｔｗeeｎｈome ａｎdｓchool．ﻫ[B］ｆeels thａt ｔｈe tradiｔional program in maｔｈeｍａｔics is slｉghtｌy supｅrｉoｒｔｏtｈe deｖelｏpmentａlｐrogｒaｍ．ﻫ［C］fｅels that teacherｐaｒｅnt confｅreｎcｅｃan be mｏｒe prｏｄucｔｉve.[D］is of the oｐinｉon that ｔeachers ｏf this geｎerａｔion ａreｉnｆeｒiorｔｏthoseｏｆｔhe las ｔgｅnerａtion．ﻫ4．The ａｕthor implｉes thaｔﻫ［Ａ] particiｐation in intereｓting ａｃｔivitｉeｓrelatｉｎｇtｏａsubjeｃt iｍproｖｅs one′s achiｅｖement in that aｒｅa.[B］ｔoo many children ａre lazy anｄｈaｖe ｐｏor woｒk haｂits.ﻫ[C] ｓchoｏl prｉnciｐａls dｏmore tｈａn theｉｒshare in interprｅｔing tｈe curriｃulum to tｈｅｐａrenｔs．［D] tｅacｈｅrsｓhｏuld occａｓionａlly ｍａke home visiｔs to parenｔs.ﻫ5．Ｗｅmａy inｆｅr that ｔｈe writｅr of thｅａrticle does favor[A]a faｔｈer′s heｌping his son witｈｔhe laｔter′s sｔudiｅs.［B] writteｎｃomｍuniｃations to tｈｅpａrenｔs fｒoｍｔhe teaｃher.[Ｃ] haｖｉｎg the parｅntsｏbｓerve lessｏns ｗhiｃh ｔｈe cｈiｌdren ａre beinｇｔaught.[Ｄ]princｉpａlｐａrentｃｏnｆerences rather thａn teaｃher parenｔcｏnｆｅrencｅs.ﻫPassage TwｏThｅimｐortanceａnd ｆocus oｎｔhe interview in the wｏｒｋof tｈe pｒint ａnd ｂroａdｃａsｔjou ｒnａlｉｓｔis refｌected iｎseveral ｂooks thａt ｈaｖｅｂeｅn wｒittｅｎｏnｔhe topic. Moｓt oｆthesｅｂooｋs, ａs welｌas ｓevｅral cｈaptｅrs，mainly iｎ, but not liｍiｔeｄto，jouｒnalisｍａｎd bｒoadcａsting handbookｓand reporting textｓ，stresｓtｈｅ“how tｏ”aspecｔs of jｏurnalistic inteｒv ｉewing rａｔher than tｈe ｃoncepｔual aspects ｏｆｔhｅinteｒview, its coｎtexｔand ｉmｐｌicatiｏｎs. Muchｏf ｔhe “ｈoｗto” mａｔeriaｌis baｓed on peｒsonaｌexｐeｒiｅnｃes and ｇeneral ｉmpresｓioｎs.Asｗe knｏw, in journａlism as in otｈｅr fｉeｌds,ｍucｈcan be leaｒneｄfrom tｈｅsysｔeｍatiｃsｔuｄy oｆpｒofeｓsioｎａｌprａｃｔice．Ｓuch stｕdｙbriｎgsｔogeｔhｅr ｅvｉdencｅfroｍwhｉch brｏaｄｇeｎeraliｚeｄpｒincipleｓcaｎbe ｄeｖeloped.Theｒe is，as hａs bｅｅn sｕgｇeｓteｄ，a ｇｒｏｗｉng bｏdy oｆreｓearch lｉteｒatuｒe in ｊo ｕrｎalism and broａｄｃasting,ｂuｔvery littｌeｓiｇniｆicant aｔtｅｎtｉoｎhas been ｄevoted to the ｓtudｙof thｅinterview ｉtｓelｆ.On the otｈｅｒhanｄ,manｙgeneral textｓａｓｗell aｓn ｕmerｏus research articleｓｏn intｅrvｉewinｇin fiｅlds ｏther tｈan jｏｕrｎalｉsm have been wｒｉtｔｅn.Ｍanｙof these bｏoks and articles preｓenｔthe theoreｔical aｎｄemｐirical aspects of ｔhe ｉnteｒｖiew asｗeｌl as the trainｉng oｆthe inｔervieweｒs. Ｕnｈapｐily, this plenｔｉfuｌgeneral ｌiteｒatuｒｅａboutｉｎｔeｒviｅｗing pａys lｉttlｅatｔｅntioｎｔo the journａlisｔic iｎtｅrview. The ｆact thatｔｈe ｇｅｎerａl lｉteｒaturｅoｎｉｎtervｉeｗｉnｇdoes noｔdｅal wiｔh tｈe jouｒｎａlisｔic ｉnterview ｓｅｅmｓｔo bｅｓurpｒising fｏr twｏreaｓoｎs. Fiｒst，iｔsｅeｍs lｉkｅly that mｏst peoｐlｅｉn ｍodern Weｓｔｅrn societies arｅmｏrｅｆaｍｉliａr, atｌeａst iｎａpositivｅmａnner, ｗｉtｈｊｏurｎaｌistic interｖiewing than ｗith ａny other ｆｏrｍｏf ｉnterｖiｅwiｎg. Mｏsｔof us are prｏbａblｙsoｍeｗhat famiｌiａr with ｔhｅcｌiｎｉcal ｉｎterｖiｅw, such aｓthat coｎductｅd by phy ｓiciaｎs and pｓyｃhoｌogiｓts.In theｓｅｓitｕａtiｏnｓtｈe professｉoｎal pｅrsoｎｏr intｅｒviewer ｉｓintｅrestｅｄin gｅtting inforｍation necessarｙfoｒｔhe diagnosiｓ（诊断)and tｒｅaｔｍent ｏf ｔhe pｅrｓｏｎｓｅekinｇｈelp. Anotｈer famｉｌiａr ｓitｕａtion ｉs tｈｅｊoｂinterｖieｗ.Hoｗｅｖer，veｒy few ofｕs have actualｌy ｂeｅn iｎteｒviｅwed peｒsonalｌy bｙthe mａsｓmedｉａ,ｐar ｔicｕlarｌy by telｅvｉｓion. And ｙet, we have ａvivｉd ａcqｕaintaｎce witｈｔhe jourｎaｌistｉc ｉn ｔeｒｖieｗby ｖirtｕｅof oｕr rｏlｅs asｒeaｄeｒs，liｓｔeners,anｄｖiewｅrｓ. Even ｓo，ｔrue undｅrｓtaｎding oｆtｈe journalistic inteｒview, ｅｓpｅciallyｔeｌｅvｉsｉｏn iｎｔervｉews，reｑｕi ｒeｓtｈougｈｔful aｎａｌysｉsａnｄevｅn stｕdy, as tｈis book indicates．(3７１）６.Tｈe ｍaｉｎideａoｆｔｈe ｆｉrst parａgraｐh is that［A] gｅneｒａlizeｄprincｉples for ｊournalistic interｖｉeｗs aｒe thｅchief concern fｏr wｒiters oｎjourn ａlｉsｍ.ﻫ[B］ｉmportancｅshouｌd ｂe aｔｔached to the syｓtｅmatiｃsｔudyｏｆjournalisｔｉcｉｎｔeｒviewiｎg.ﻫ［Ｃ]cｏncepts andｃontｅxtｕal iｍｐlｉcationｓaｒeｏｆｓecoｎdaｒy impoｒtaｎce to ｊouｒnaliｓtic ｉntｅrviｅwing.［Ｄ］peｒsonａl experｉｅnces anｄgeneral impｒｅssｉonｓshｏuｌd ｂe ｅｘcｌｕｄeｄfrom ｊｏurnalistic interｖiｅws.７.Mｕｃh ｒｅseaｒch hａs ｂeeｎdone on inｔeｒviews in genｅral[A] so ｔhｅtraining ｏｆｊoｕｒｎaliｓtic interviewｅrsｈas likewｉsｅｂeｅn strｅnｇｔhened.[B] though tｈｅstudy oｆｔhe ｉnｔerviewｉnｇtechniｑues haｓｎ′t rｅcｅiｖｅd much ａｔｔention.ﻫ［C] but ｊｏurｎaｌisｔiｃintｅrｖiｅｗiｎg as a sｐecific fｉeld hａs uｎfｏｒtｕnａtely beeｎｎeｇlected. [D] and there hａs ａlso ｂeeｎa dramatiｃgｒowthｉn theｓｔｕdy ｏf jｏurnaliｓｔｉc ｉnｔｅｒｖiewｉnｇ．8．Ｗesｔerｎers are famiｌiaｒwitｈthe journalisｔic inteｒviewﻫ[A]ｂuｔmost of ｔhｅｍwish tｏｓｔay away from it.ﻫ[B］ａnd many oｆtheｍhope tｏbe interviｅwed sｏmｅｄaｙ．[Ｃ］andｍany of ｔheｍｗｏuld like to acqｕirｅa trｕe ｕnderstaｎdiｎg of ｉt.ﻫ[D］buｔmost of theｍｍay not ｈａｖe bｅen ｉｎtｅrvieｗed iｎpｅrsoｎ.ﻫ9.Whｏｉs thｅiｎｔｅrｖieweｅin ａclinicａl inｔｅｒｖｉew?10.The p[A]The patiｅnt．［B] The phｙsｉcｉan.ﻫ[C］The Ｊournａlisｔ. ［D] The psｙcｈｏlogｉst．ﻫａssａge iｓmｏｓｔlikｅｌy a part ｏf.[A] a news artｉcle ［Ｂ] a ｒeｓeaｒch reｐｏrt［C］aｊouｒnaｌｉstiｃintervieｗ[Ｄ］a ｐｒefacePａssaｇｅTｈreeﻫSince 1975advｏcａｔｅｓof humane ｔreatmeｎt ｏf ａｎｉmａｌｓｈａve broa ｄeｎed ｔheir ｇoaｌｓto oppoｓe theｕse of aniｍals for fur，leａｔhｅr, ｗool, ａnd ｆoｏｄ. Tｈey hav ｅmountｅd protests aｇａiｎst aｌl fｏｒmｓｏf hunting and the ｔrappiｎｇof ａｎｉmaｌsｉn ｔhe ｗilｄ. And they have jｏｉｎｅd enviroｎmｅntalisｔｓｉnｕrgｉng prｏｔectiｏn of ｎaturａlｈａbitaｔs ｆroｍｃommeｒｃiaｌor ｒeｓｉdenｔｉal dｅｖelｏpmeｎt. Tｈe occasion for these aｄded ｅmphases ｗa ｓthｅpｕblｉcatioｎin 1975 oｆ“Ａｎimal Liberatiｏn: AＮｅw Ethics fｏr Our Treatment of Animalｓ”ｂy PeｔｅｒSiｎｇeｒ,ｆormeｒly a prｏfeｓsoｒof phiｌosophy at Oxｆord Unｉｖｅrsｉty iｎEnｇland.This ｂｏok gａvｅa new ｉmpetus to tｈe anｉmal righｔｓmoveｍeｎｔ．The poｓｔ19７5 aｎimａl rights actiｖiｓts are faｒmoｒe vocalｔhａn theｉr predecessorｓ，and the oｒｇａniｚaｔioｎs ｔo ｗhｉch thｅy ｂelｏng are gｅnｅrally ｍore radiｃal. Many new ｏrgaｎizations are foｒｍed．Tｈｅｔaｃtｉcs ｏf tｈe activｉsts are desigｎed to catcｈthe attｅｎｔｉoｎof tｈｅｐubｌic．Siｎce theｍｉd-1980ｓtｈeｒe ｈave been frequent neｗs ｒeportｓaboｕt aniｍａl rigｈt ｏrg ａnizａtｉonｓｐickｅting stｏrｅs that sell fｕｒs，hａrassingｈunters in thｅwｉld，oｒbreaｋin ｇinto lａboratoriｅs ｔｏfree ａnimals. Someｏf thｅmore exｔｒeme orgａnｉzatioｎｓaｄvｏcate t ｈeｕse of asｓaｕlt,aｒｍｅｄteｒrｏriｓm, ａnｄdeath thｒeａts to mａke theｉr point.ﻫAｓｉｄeｆrom ｍakingｉsｏlａted attacks on ｐeｏple whｏwｅaｒfurｃｏats or tｒying to prevent ｈｕnters fｒｏｍkilｌｉng anｉmａlｓ，mｏst of the orgａnｉzaｔiｏns havｅｄirｅcted tｈｅｉr taｃｔicsａｔinstitutionｓ. The ｒｅsulｔs of ｔhe prｏtｅsｔs andｏｔhｅｒｔacｔｉｃs ｈａve been mｉxed．Comｐaｎiｅs are rｅdｕcing relｉanｃe on animal testiｎg. Ｍedｉcaｌreseａｒｃｈhａs been sｏmｅｗｈat ｃurtailｅd ｂｙlegaｌｒｅｓｔriｃtionｓandｔhｅrelｕｃtaｎｃe oｆｙｏｕｎger workersｔo uｓe anｉｍaｌｓiｎreｓearch.Neｗtｅｓts hａveｂeen deveｌoｐed toｒepｌaｃｅthe ｕse of aniｍals.Someｗell kｎown designers hａｖe stopped ｕsiｎg fur．Ｗhｉｌe the general public teｎｄｓｔo agrｅe tｈat anｉｍａｌs ｓhｏulｄbe treated ｈumaneｌy, mosｔpeｏpleａｒｅuｎliｋely to ｇive up ｅatｉngｍeatｏr weaｒing gｏodｓmade from lｅaｔhｅr and wｏｏｌ. Giviｎg up geｎuiｎe fur has become ｌesｓof a pｒｏbｌｅｍ, sincｅfibｅｒs used to mａke fake ｆur sｕcｈaｓthe Ｊａpanｅse invｅntｉon Kanecaｒoｎcaｎlooｋａlmost idｅntiｃal tｏreaｌfur.Soｍe oｆthｅstｒongest oｐposｉtｉｏｎto thｅanimａl ｒｉgｈtｓmovｅｍent ｈas come frｏｍhuｎters ａｎd tｈeir orgａnizａtｉoｎs. Bｕt aniｍal rights ａｃtivistｓhave succｅeｄeｄiｎｍarshalｉng puｂlic opiniｏｎto pｒess for statｅrｅｓtrｉctions ｏｎｈｕntｉng ｉn severalｐaｒtｓof the natｉon.（3８3)ﻫ11.19７5was aｎimporｔant yeaｒin the hｉstｏry oｆanｉmalｔrｅaｔmｅnt becａｕseﻫ［A］ｍａnｙpｅopleｂｅgan to call for humane treatmeｎｔof aｎiｍals ｔhａt yｅaｒ.ﻫ[B] a ｎeｗｂooｋｗaｓpｕbliｓｈed that broaｄened tｈe animal rｉghｔs ｍｏvｅmｅnt.[C］the enviｒonmeｎtaｌisｔs ｂeganｔo ｓｈow interest in aｎimal proｔecｔｉon.12.Soｍe ａniｍａl rｉ［D］the ｔｒappiｎｇｏf aｎimalｓbegaｎto go wilｄall thrｏuｇhｔhe world.ﻫghts ｏrgaｎiｚａtｉonｓaｄvocate ｔhe use of ｅｘtreme mｅａns in ｏrdｅr to［A]wｉpｅoｕtｃruel people.［B] stop ｕsinｇａniｍals iｎthe ｌａｂorａｔｏry.ﻫ[C]atｔacｋhｕnters in the ｗild．ﻫ［D]catｃh fｕll ｐuｂlic ａttｅｎtioｎ.13．Wheｎｔhe ａuthoｒｓays that “tｈe ｒｅsｕltｓｏf tｈe pｒoｔｅｓts aｎd oｔher tactｉcs hａve ｂeen ｍｉxed” (in Ｐａra.3)，ｈe meaｎs the prｏtesｔand ｏtheｒtａｃｔicｓ［A]haｖe pｒｏｄuceｄdesired eｆfects.ﻫ[B］aｌmｏst amouｎtｅd ｔo nothinｇ.ﻫ［C] haｖe some iｎflueｎce ｏn thｅpubliｃ.［Ｄ] have proved tｏbe too rａdｉcal.ﻫ1４.The word “marｓhaliｎg” （ｉｎthe laｓt ｐａｒａｇrａph) probably ｍeａnｓ.［A] ｃoｎducｔing ［B]popuｌariziｎｇ[C]ｃｈａngｉｎg ［D］outrａgingﻫ１5．It seｅｍｓtｈat ｔhｅaｕtｈor oｆthis arｔｉcｌｅﻫ[A］ｉs ｓtroｎgly opposed to ｔｈe animal rｉｇｈｔs mｏvｅｍeｎｔ.ﻫ[Ｂ]is iｎfavor of the anｉｍaｌrightｓmｏvement.ﻫ［C］ｓupｐｏrtｓthe use of viｏlｅncｅin ａnimal ｐｒｏtｅction.ﻫ[D] ｈａtes thｅusｅof fa ｋｅfur for cｌotｈes.Paｓsａｇe ＦｏｕrﻫIｆsoｍething yｏu ｈave boｕght iｓfauｌty or ｄｏeｓｎoｔdo wｈat waｓclａimed foｒiｔ，you a ｒe not asｋing for a faｖor tｏｇeｔｉｔput right．It ｉs the shopkeeper′s rｅspｏnsｉbｉｌity to take the coｍｐlaint seriously aｎd tｏｒeｐlace oｒrepair a faultｙarticｌe because ｈｅis the persoｎwiｔh wh ｏｍｙou hａvｅeｎｔｅred into an aｇrｅｅment.Ｃomｐlaｉntｓshｏuｌd ｂe ｍaｄe to a responsible person.Ｇo back to ｔhe sｈｏp where yoｕｂougｈt thｅgｏods，taking with yｏu any receｉpｔyou ｍaｙｈave. If yｏu telｅｐhone, ａsｋthe name of tｈe person who handles your inquiry, otｈerwｉｓe,you may never fｉnd oｕt who dealt wｉth the complａi ｎt ｌater．Eｖen ｔhe bravesｔpｅrsｏｎfｉnds it diｆficulｔtｏsｔａnｄｕp in a groｕｐof peoｐleｔo co ｍplaｉｎ, so iｆｙou dｏnｏt ｗant ｔo do ｉt in peｒsoｎ,ｗrite ａletteｒ. Stiｃk tｏthｅfａctｓa ｎdｋeep a ｃｏpy ｏｆwhaｔyou wrｉte.Ａt this ｓtage you ｓｈｏuld gｉve any receiptｎumber, but yｏu shouｌd not need tｏgiｖe ｒeceiptｓor ｏｔher paｐers tｏprｏｖe yoｕbouｇht thｅarｔicle．If you are not satisfied wｉｔｈthｅａnsｗer you get, ｏr iｆyou ｄｏｎot gｅｔａrｅply, ｗrite to thｅmanaginｇdirectｏｒ(总经理) oｆtｈe shｏp. Ｂe sure tｏkeep copies of yoｕr own lｅtteｒs and anｙｙou ｒeceive.If your complａinｔisａjust oｎe, the shopkｅeｐｅｒmaｙoｆfｅr to replａce oｒrｅｐair ｔhe ｆaulｔy aｒticle．Ｙou mａy fｉnd thiｓａｎattｒacｔiｖe ｓolｕtion．In ｃertain ｃａｓes yｏu mａy hａve ｔhe righｔｔo rｅfuse thｅｇoods anｄask for yｏuｒｍｏnｅｙｂack, ｂut this ｉｓｏnｌy wh ｅrｅyoｕｈavｅhardly usｅd the gｏods anｄhavｅacted at oｎce.Eveｎwhen youｃａnｎｏt rｅｆuse the gooｄs you may be aｂle to get sｏme ｍoney baｃkａｓｗｅll．Ａnd iｆｙou have ｓｕffere ｄsome ｓpeciaｌlｏｓs，ｆor ｅｘamplｅiｆa new wａsｈing mａchｉne tｅaｒs your clothes, you mig ｈt recｅiｖe money to ｒeｐlace them.If the ｓｈｏｐｋeepｅｒrefuses to gｉｖｅyou money，ask f ｏr ａdvice froｍｙour Citｉzens ＡdvicｅBurｅau befｏｒe you acｃｅｐｔa crediｔnoｔe to be ｕsed tｏbuy goｏdｓin the same shops. In some ｃaseｓtｈｅshopkeeper does not ｈａvｅｔo ｇiveyou ｙｏur moneyｂack.Iｆ, ｆoｒｅxaｍpｌｅ，he cｈａｎges ａn arｔｉｃlｅsimply becａuse you don′t ｌｉｋe it or it doeｓnoｔfit. He dｏeｓnｏt have ｔｏtake baｃk the gｏｏds ｉｎthｅse ciｒcumst ａｎces．(398)16．Tｈe shoｐper may mａke a cｏmｐlaint becausｅ[A] he dｉｓlikｅs causing ａfuｓs.ﻫ［Ｂ］itｄoesn′t dｏwhaｔis claimeｄfor it．［C］theａrｔｉcle boｕght ｉs not uｐto standａrｄ.17.Ｗｈen ｃｏmplａining onｔｈe tｅlephｏneﻫ［D］ｈｅwasａt fａuｌｔin buyiｎｇｔhe article.ﻫ［A］you ｓhould speak dｉrect to the oｗner.ﻫ[B］yoｕmｕst aｓk for ｔｈe manager.ﻫ［Ｃ]yoｕｍａｙneveｒfindｏuｔｗho dealt with ｔhe matter.ﻫ[Ｄ]yｏu shｏｕld find out wｉth ｗhoｍyou discusｓthe matter.1８.Ｙoｕcan demanｄｙｏｕr moｎey baｃｋｏnly if[Ａ] ｔｈe ａrｔiｃle canｎｏt ｂｅrｅplaced ｏｒrｅpaiｒeｄ.［Ｂ］you haｖe gone back immeｄiately．［Ｃ] ｔheａrｔicle ｈas nｏt gｏne up in priｃe ｓｉnce you bouｇｈt ｉt.ﻫ［Ｄ] the ａrticlｅhａs had h19.Ｉf a shoｐkｅeｐｅr wｉｌｌｎoｔgive ｙou money ｙｏu sｈouldﻫ[A］tａkｅa cｒａrd weaｒ.ﻫｅdit note insｔｅad．[B］refuse tｏleａvｅｔhe shｏp．20.The shｏｐkeeｐｅr ｍ[C] ａｓｋyｏur ｏｆficｅfor adｖice.[D]ｆｉnd ouｔyour lawfｕl rｉghts.ﻫａy chａnge ａn article ifﻫ［A］ｈe ｇiｖｅs you ｙouｒmonｅy back.［Ｂ] ｈe ｔhinkｓiｔis u ｎsuitable.［Ｃ］it is the wroｎｇｓize. [D] ｈｅdoeｓn′ｔlikｅｉt.Passａge Onｅﻫ(一）注释ﻫ1．maｎｕｓcrｉpt n.手稿,原稿ﻫ2.enliｇhten vt.启发, 启蒙，教导，授予...知识，开导ﻫ3. iｌl ｕstrate vt.举例说明，图解, 加插图于, 阐明ｖｉ．举例ﻫ(二)长难句结构分析1.{Ｉf the faｔhｅrｆｏllows the advice}，ｉt ｉs rｅaｓonablｅto asｓumeｔhａt ［hｅwilｌsoｏn realiｚe his son iｓ①mａking satiｓｆaｃｔory ｐrogresｓin mathemａtｉcs, and at thｅsaｍｅtｉｍe,②eｎjｏyiｎg the woｒｋ.]整个句子是状语从句,主句的it是形式主语,主语是由非谓语动词引导的一个宾语从句。
考研历年英语试题及答案
考研历年英语试题及答案一、阅读理解（共40分）1. According to the passage, what is the main reason for the decline in the number of bees?A. Increased use of pesticides.B. Loss of habitat due to urbanization.C. Climate change and its unpredictable effects.D. The introduction of non-native species.2. What does the author suggest about the future of bees?A. They will adapt to the changing environment.B. Their numbers will continue to decrease.C. They will become extinct in the foreseeable future.D. Their population will stabilize in the long term.3. In the third paragraph, the author discusses the impact of bees on what?A. The economy.B. The environment.C. The food chain.D. Human health.4. What is the author's purpose in writing this passage?A. To raise awareness about the importance of bees.B. To argue for more research into bee conservation.C. To discuss the causes of bee population decline.D. To suggest solutions to the problem of bee decline.二、完形填空（共20分）5. The word "abundant" in the first sentence is closest in meaning to _______.A. numerousB. diverseC. scarceD. unique6. The author's tone in the passage can best be described as _______.A. optimisticB. pessimisticC. informativeD. persuasive7. The phrase "in the face of" in the second paragraph is used to mean _______.A. despiteB. in front ofC. as a result ofD. because of8. The word "vulnerable" in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to _______.A. strongB. weakC. adaptableD. resistant9. The author uses the example of the almond industry to_______.A. illustrate the economic impact of bee declineB. demonstrate the importance of bees in agricultureC. emphasize the adaptability of beesD. argue for more funding for bee research10. The word "contribute" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to _______.A. donateB. causeC. addD. result三、翻译（共20分）11. 将以下句子翻译成英文：蜜蜂对维持生态平衡至关重要，但近年来它们的数量急剧下降。
考研英语真题试卷阅读
考研英语真题试卷阅读阅读部分（共40分）一、阅读理解（共30分，每题2分）A节（共20题，每题2分）Passage 1In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the field of artificial intelligence (AI). The rapid development of AI has brought about significant changes in various sectors, including healthcare, transportation, and education. However, with the advancement of technology, there are also concerns about the potential negative impacts of AI on society.Questions:21. What is the main topic of the passage?22. Which areas have been affected by the development of AI according to the passage?23. What are the concerns mentioned in the passage regarding AI?Passage 2The concept of sustainable development has becomeincreasingly important in today's world. It emphasizes the need to balance economic growth with environmental protection and social equity. Many countries have adopted policies and practices that promote sustainable development, aiming to create a better future for all.Questions:24. What does the passage mainly discuss?25. What does sustainable development focus on?26. What are the goals of sustainable development policies?Passage 3Cultural diversity is a rich source of creativity and innovation. It is essential to respect and value the unique cultural heritage of different communities. Promotingcultural diversity can lead to a more inclusive and harmonious society.Questions:27. What is the main idea of the passage?28. Why is cultural diversity important?29. What can be the result of promoting cultural diversity?B节（共10题，每题2分）Passage 4The rise of social media has transformed the way people communicate and interact with each other. It has also created new opportunities for businesses to reach out to theircustomers. However, the use of social media has raisedprivacy concerns and the spread of misinformation.Questions:30. What is the focus of the passage?31. How has social media changed communication?32. What issues are associated with the use of social media?二、新题型（共10分）Task 1: Information MatchingRead the following statements and match them with the corresponding passages from the previous section. Each statement can only be used once.33. The passage that discusses the impact of AI on employment.34. The passage that talks about the importance of environmental protection.35. The passage that highlights the benefits of cultural exchange.Task 2: SummaryWrite a brief summary of the main points discussed in the reading passages. Your summary should be no more than 100 words.注意：以上内容仅为示例，实际考研英语真题试卷的阅读部分会根据考试大纲和命题要求有所不同。
考研英语一阅读理解真题大全
考研英语一阅读理解真题大全考研英语一阅读理解真题大全1Text 1Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots e for their jobs?Don't dismiss that possibility entirely. Abouthalf of U.S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-ine jobs like gardening or day care don't appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations-trucking, financial advice, software engineering — havearoused their interest, or soon will. The rich ownthe robots, so they will be fine.This isn't to be alarmist. Optimists point outthat technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didn't go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.The first step, as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age, should be rethinking education and job training. Curriculums —from grammar school to college- should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and plex munication. Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots. Online education can supplement the traditional kind. It could make extra training and instruction affordable. Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S. to revive its fading business dynamism: Starting new panies must be made easier. In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to bine labor and machines. The best uses of 3D printers and virtual reality haven't been invented yet. The U.S. needs the new panies that will invent them.Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital ine and labor ine, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought. Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned ine tax credit should be expanded: This would boost ines, encourage work, reward panies for job creation, and reduce inequality.Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years, yet this will belittle fort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation. Destroying the machines that are ing for our jobs would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.21.Who will be most threatened by automation?[A] Leading politicians.[B]Low-wage laborers.[C]Robot owners.[D]Middle-class workers.22 .Which of the following best represent the author’s view?[A] Worries about automation are in fact groundless.[B]Optimists' opinions on new tech find little support.[C]Issues arising from automation need to be tackled[D]Negative consequences of new tech can be avoidedcation in the age of automation should put more emphasis on[A] creative potential.[B]job-hunting skills.[C]individual needs.[D]cooperative spirit.24.The author suggests that tax policies be aimed at[A] encouraging the development of automation.[B]increasing the return on capital investment.[C]easing the hostility between rich and poor.[D]preventing the ine gap from widening.25.In this text, the author presents a problem with[A] opposing views on it.[B]possible solutions to it.[C]its alarming impacts.[D]its major variations.考研英语一阅读理解真题大全2TEXT 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted"kingsdon't abdicate, they die in their sleep." But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republicans left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, doesthe Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeingits last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarized, as it was following the end of the France regime, monarchs can rise above "mere" polities and "embody" a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of polities that explains monarchy's continuing popularity as heads of state. And so, the Middle East expected, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history-and sometimes the way they behave today-embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warming of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficultto maintain the right image.While Europe's monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to e, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy's reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will e with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service-as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy's worst enemies.21. According to the first two paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain[A]eased his relationship with his rivals.[B]used to enjoy high public support.[C]was unpopular among European royals.[D]ended his reign in embarrassment.22. Monarchs are kept as head of state in Europe mostly[A]to give voters more public figures to look up to.[B]to achieve a balance between tradition and reality.[C]owing to their undoubted and respectable status.[D]due to their everlasting political embodiment.23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?[A] The role of the nobility in modern democracies.[B] Aristocrats' excessive reliance on inherited wealth.[C] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families.[D] The nobility's adherence to their privileges.24. The British royals "have most to fear" because Charles[A]takes a tough line on political issues.[B]fails to change his lifestyle as advised.[C]takes republicans as his potential allies.[D]fails to adapt himself to his future role.25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A]Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined[B]Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne[C]Charles, Slow to React to the Coming Threats[D]Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs考研英语一阅读理解真题大全3Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 20XX. For the most part， the response has been favorable， to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini， a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise， however， is that Gilbert is paratively little known. Even Tommasini， who had advocated Gilbert‘s appointment in the Times， calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez， that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part， I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure， he performs an impressive variety of interesting positions， but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall， or anywhere else， to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf， or boot up my puter and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time， attention， and money of theart-loving public， classical instrumentalists must pete not only with opera houses， dance troupes，theater panies， and museums， but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recordings are cheap， available everywhere， and very often much higher in artistic quality than today‘s live performances; moreover，they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener’s choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert‘s own interest in new music has been widely noted： Alex Ross， aclassical-music critic， has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different， more vibran t organization.” Butwhat will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed， they must first change the relationship between America‘s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.21. We learn from Para.1 that Gilbert‘s appointment has[A]incurred criticism.[B]raised suspicion.[C]received acclaim.[D]aroused curiosity.22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is[A]influential.[B]modest.[C]respectable.[D]talented.23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers[A]ignore the expenses of live performances.[B]reject most kinds of recorded performances.[C]exaggerate the variety of live performances.[D]overestimate the value of live performances.24. According to the text， which of the following is true of recordings?[A]They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.[B]They are easily accessible to the general public.[C]They help improve the quality of music.[D]They have only covered masterpieces.25. Regarding Gilbert‘s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic， the author feels[A]doubtful.[B]enthusiastic.[C]confident.[D]puzzled.考研英语一阅读理解真题大全4Text 1In the 20XX film version of The Devil WearsPrada ,Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows todepartments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish would described in Overdressed, Eliazabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decade or so ,advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara ,H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that –and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution , of course ,are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-pius stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. “Mass-producedclothing ,like fast food, fills a hunger and need,yet is non-durable and wasteful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year – about 64 items per person – and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introducedher ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 20XX has made all of her own clothes – and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, ittook Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion panies have madeefforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment – including H&M, with its greenConscious Collection line –Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism mon to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her[A] poor bargaining skill.[B] insensitivity to fashion.[C] obsession with high fashion.[D] lack of imagination.22. According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers to[A] bat unnecessary waste.[B] shut out the feverish fashion world.[C] resist the influence of advertisements.[D] shop for their garments more frequently.23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A] accusation.[B] enthusiasm.[C] indifference.[D] tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph?[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.。
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考研英语阅读大全
1. 导言
本文档是关于考研英语阅读的全面指南，旨在帮助考生有效备
考并提高阅读能力。
2. 阅读技巧
以下是一些提高考生阅读能力的技巧和策略：
- 多读多练：阅读大量英文文章，包括新闻、教育材料和学术
论文，以提高阅读速度和理解能力。
- 阅读不同种类的文本：尝试阅读各种领域的文章，如科技、
社会科学和文学，以扩展词汇量和理解不同主题的能力。
- 注重上下文：理解上下文对于正确理解文章意思至关重要。
注意关键词和词组的用法，并推测作者意图。
- 不要纠结于细节：遇到生词或不熟悉的词汇时，不要过分纠结，而是通过上下文推测其意思，避免阅读中断和时间浪费。
- 制定阅读计划：合理安排阅读时间，每天坚持一定的阅读量，并逐渐增加难度，以提高阅读能力。
3. 阅读材料推荐
以下是一些推荐的英语阅读材料：
- （The New York Times）：提供丰富多样的英文新闻和特稿，涵盖各个领域的热门话题。
- 知识分子（The Intellectual）：一本专注于社会科学、文化和
艺术的杂志，适合提高阅读理解和扩展知识面。
- 《英语天天练》（English Daily Practice）：提供每日一练的
英语阅读材料，帮助考生保持阅读惯和提高阅读速度。
4. 阅读练
考生可以通过以下资源进行英语阅读练：
- 考研英语阅读真题：挑选过去几年的英语考研阅读真题进行练，熟悉考试题型和难度。
- 课外阅读：阅读适合自己水平的英文小说、散文或科普文章，提高词汇量和理解能力。
- 在线资源：利用考研英语阅读题库和在线练平台进行刷题练，如考神网和扇贝APP。
5. 总结
本文档提供了考研英语阅读的全面指南，包括提高阅读能力的技巧、推荐的阅读材料和练资源。
希望以上内容对考生备考和提高英语阅读能力有所帮助。