金融机构管理第十章中文版课后习题答案(1-8、19)

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金融机构管理第九章中文版课后习题答案(1、2、3、6、11、12、13、16)

金融机构管理第九章课后习题部分答案（1、2、3、6、11、12、13、16）1. 有效期限衡量的是经济定义中资产和负债的平均期限。

有效期限的经济含义是资产价值对于利率变化的利率敏感性（或利率弹性）。

有效期限的严格定义是一种以现金流量的相对现值为权重的加权平均到期期限。

有效期限与到期期限的不同在于，有效期限不仅考虑了资产（或负债）的期限，还考虑了期间发生的现金流的再投资利率。

2.息票债券面值价值= $1,00利率= 0.10 每年付一次息到期收益率=0.08 期限= 2时间现金流PVIF PV ofCF PV*CF *T1 $100.00 0.92593$92.59 $92.592 $1,100.00 0.85734$943.07 $1,886.15价格=$1,035.67分子= $1,978.74有效期限=1.9106= 分子/价格到期收益率=0.10时间现金流PVIF PV ofCF PV*CF *T1 $100.00 0.90909$90.91 $90.912 $1,100.00 0.82645$909.09 $1,818.18价格=$1,000.00分子= $1,909.09有效期限=1.9091= 分子/价格到期收益率=0.12时间现金流PVIF PV ofCF PV*CF *T1 $100.00 0.892$89.29 $89.292 $1,100.00 0.79719$876.91 $1,753.83价格=$966.20分子= $1,843.11有效期限=1.9076= 分子/价格b. 到期收益率上升时，有限期限减少。

c.零息债券面值价值= $1,00利率= 0.00到期收益率=0.08 期限= 2时间现金流PVIF PV ofCF PV*CF *T1 $0.00 0.92593$0.00 $0.002 $1,000.00 0.85734$857.34 $1,714.68价格=$857.34分子= $1,714.68有效期限=2.000= 分子/价格到期收益率=0.10时间现金流PVIF PV ofCF PV*CF *T1 $0.00 0.90909$0.00 $0.002 $1,000.00 0.82645$826.45 $1,652.89价格=$826.45分子= $1,652.89有效期限=2.000= 分子/价格到期收益率=0.12时间现金流PVIF PV ofCF PV*CF *T1 $0.00 0.892$0.00 $0.002 $1,000.00 0.79719 $797.19 $1,594.39价格 = $797.19分子 =$1,594.39有效期限 =2.0000= 分子/价格d.到期收益率的变化不影响零息债券的有效期限。

金融监管学习题答案第10章

第10章金融控股公司监管1.简要解释如何判断一家公司是否为金融控股公司。

答：从世界各国相关法律法规对金融控股公司的定义来看，基本上满足以下三个方面的共性特征：一是业务内容的金融性，即金融业务构成金融控股公司的主业或重要业务；二是业务范围的跨领域性，即金融控股公司至少同时在两个或两个以上不同的金融子行业（银行、证券、保险等）从事经营活动；三是组织形式的“伞状性”，即采取“母公司混业、子公司分业”的双层结构，母公司以股权方式来实现对各子公司的控制，最终形成一个“伞状”结构。

从实践来看，由于在大部分国家和地区，金融业都属于特许经营业务，需要获得相关监管部门颁发的金融牌照，才能从事对应的金融业务。

因此，判断金融控股公司一个比较直接有效的方法就是看其直接或间接持有的不同金融牌照的数量，如果以一家公司持有两张或两张以上不同金融子行业的牌照，就基本可以判定为金融控股公司。

2.简要说明金融控股公司的风险特征和监管难点。

答：就风险而言，金融控股公司以其“法人分业”的制度架构形成了一道组织上的“防火墙”，可以较好地阻止由子公司破产所导致的财务风险传染。

但另一方面，金融控股公司作为多种金融业务的综合体，也自然地成为了多种风险的聚合体，特别是在组织架构和股权关系多层嵌套甚至人为复杂化的背景下，利益冲突、道德风险以及各种跨行业和跨市场的经营风险明显上升，这些都增加了风险管理的难度。

综合国内外金融控股公司的发展经验、教训和相关研究总结，金融控股公司所带来的监管难题可以大致概括为以下四个方面：一是集团内部的风险传染；二是信息不透明和集团内各公司的利益冲突；三是产业资本金融化和子公司控制；四是监管缺位和监管套利。

3.解释说明金融控股公司监管的主要内容与方法。

答：金融控股公司监管的主要内容聚焦于金融控股公司的市场准入、风险控制与公司治理三方面。

作为金融控股公司的“入门”条件，市场准入监管是对合格金融控股公司的一次“遴选”，其本质是通过事前的风险筛选，前瞻性地“过滤”掉一些存在风险隐患的候选机构。

西财《金融理财》教学资料课后习题答案第十章

第十章复习思考题1.简述信托理财产品的分类及其特征。

答：信托理财产品是指由信托企业担任受托人，按委托人意愿，为受益人的利益，将委托人交付的资金汇集成立资金信托打算，进行管理、运用或处分。

按委托人数量，信托产品可分为一信托类和聚信托类。

聚集资金信托打算相似于私募产品，对投资人数、投资门槛和投资期限具有较高的要求，直接面向高端顾客。

在投资门槛上，无论是个人投资者还是机构投资者，投资一个信托打算的最低金额不能少于100万元。

期限方面，信托企业设立的聚集类信托期限不得少于1年。

与聚集资金信托打算相比，一信托类的人数只为一人，投资门槛也较低，投资期限较为灵活。

收益较高、稳定性好是信托理财产品的最大卖点。

比如，贷款类信托计划产品一般都是资质优异、收益稳定的基础设施类信托计划，并且大多有第三方银行担保，在安全性方面比单纯的信托投资项目要略微高一些。

同时在投资过程中，银行会不断监控、跟踪贷款的动向，从而可以最大程度上规避信托项目的投资风险。

2.资金信托有哪些种类？试说明每种信托理财产品的收益和风险。

答：资金信托分为单一资金信托和集合资金信托。

集合资金信托按照其信托计划的资金运用方向，分为证券投资信托、组合投资信托、房地产投资信托、基础建设投资信托、贷款信托和风险投资信托。

收益类信托理财产品适合比较稳健的投资者，收益型信托投资或经营的行业，具有竞争者较少、进入障碍较高、供需间常有长期契约或价格保障契约或政府的管制等，这中资金流量及配息稳定的成熟产业特性，使其收益相对稳定，收益型信托产品可以作为资产组合的配置之一，属于低风险，收益稳定的品种。

3.简述财产信托的收益和风险，以及如何降低财产信托的风险？答：信托财产因受托人的管理和运作而产生的收益称为信托收益。

从理论上讲，信贷经营是无风险的，但在实际操作中存在信托财产所有权风险、流动性风险、客户风险、制度风险以及道德风险等等。

防范和规避风险的对策主要有：积极开拓信托新品种，在发展中化解风险；建立健全配套制度，加强内部管理和外部监督制约机制等。

《金融风险管理》课后习题答案

《金融风险管理》课后习题答案第一章课后习题答案一、重要名词答案略二、单项选择1-5 C B D A A 6-10 C A C C C 11-15 D A B D A 16-20 B C D D D 21-25 B B B B三、多项选择1. BCD2. ACDE3. ADE4. ABCDE5. ABDE6. BCDE7. AD8. ABCE9. ABCDE 10. ACDE11. ACE 12. ABCDE 13. ACDE 14. AB 15.ABC16. ACE 17. ABC 18.ABCDE四、判断题1-5 ××××√ 6-10 ×√×××11-15 √√××× 16-20 ×√√×√五、简答题答案略第二章课后习题答案一、重要名词答案略二、单项选择1-5 A C C AD 6-10 C B D D B 11-15 A A C C D 16-18 A D A三、多项选择1. A B C D2. A B C DE3. ABCDE4. ABCD5. ABCDE6. ABCDE7. ABCD8. ADE9. ACDE 10. ACE四、判断题1-5 ×√××× 6-8 ×√×五、简答题答案略第三章课后习题答案一、重要名词答案略二、单项选择1-5 ACBBB 6-10 ADBCD 11-15 DBBAC 16-21 DDABAB三、多项选择1. ABCE2. AD3. BCDE4. BDE5. BE6. CD7. BCDE8. ABCDE9. BDE 10. ABDE11. BCE 12. ABCE 13. ABCDE 14. ACE四、判断题1-5 √××√√ 6-10 ×√××× 11-15 ××××× 16-17 √×五、简答题答案略第四章课后习题答案二、单选1-5DCCAD 6-10AAABA 11-15DDCCB 15-20A ABBD三、多选1-5BCDE/CD / ABDE /ABCE /ABCDE 6-10ABCD/ ABCDE/ ABDE/CD/AC11-15ABCDE /ABCE/ACD/ABC/ABCD16-20ABCE/ABE/ABCDE/ABCDE/BCDE四、判断题1-5 错错错错错 6-10对对错对对 11-15对对对错对 16-18错错对第五章课后习题答案一、重要名词答案略二、单项选择1-5 ACCBB 6-10 ADDCD 11-15 CCBCD 16-20 ACDCC 21-25 CDBAC 26-30 DABBD 31-35 ABCAB 36-40 DACAB 41-45 CDAAC 46-48 AAD三、多项选择1. ABC2. ABD3. BCE4. AC5. BC6. BCE7. DE8. ADE9. ABCD 10. ABCD11. ABD 12. ABCD 13. ABC 14. ABCD 15. BC16. AB 17. ABCD 18. AC 19. AD 20. BCD21. CD 22. CD 23. AB四、判断题1-5 √×××√ 6-10 ××√×× 11-15 ××××√ 16-20 √××××21-25 √×√×× 26-30 ×√××× 31-35 ×√××× 36-40 √×√√√ 41-45 ××√√√ 46-47 ×√五、简答题答案略第六章课后习题答案二、单选1-5DCCAD 6-10AAABA 11-15DDCCB 15-20A ABBD四、多选1-5BCDE/CD / ABDE /ABCE /ABCDE 6-10ABCD/ ABCDE/ ABDE/CD/AC11-15ABCDE /ABCE/ACD/ABC/ABCD16-20ABCE/ABE/ABCDE/ABCDE/BCDE五、判断题1-5 错错错错错 6-10对对错对对 11-15对对对错对 16-18错错对第七章课后习题答案一、重要名词答案略二、单项选择1-5 BCDCA 6-10 BBDDD 11-15 CADCC三、多项选择1. ABCDE2. CDE3. ABCDE4. ABCDE5. BCE6. BDE7. ABCE8. BCE9. ABC 10. ABDE11. ABCDE 12. ABD 13. ABCD四、判断题1-10√××√××√×√五、案例分析题案例1：内部欺诈（未经授权交易导致资金损失）案例2：失职违规案例3：核心雇员流失案例4：违反用工发六、简答题答案略第八章课后习题答案一、重要名词答案略二、单项选择1-5 CDCCB 6-10 DCDAB 11-15 CADAA 16-20 DACCC三、多项选择1. ACE2. ABE3. ABCE4. ADE5. ABE6. ABCD7. ABCDE8.ABCD9. ABCD 10. ABC四、判断题1-11××√××√××√√五、简答题答案略第九章课后习题答案一、重要名词答案略二、单项选择1-5 ABDDD 6-10 AABBD 11-16 CCDDAB三、多项选择1. ABCD2. ABCD3. AC4. BCD5. ABCD6. ABCDE7. ACD8. ABCDE9. ABCDE 10. ABCDE四、判断题1-5 ×√××√ 6-10 √×√×× 11-14 √√√√五、简答题答案略第十章课后习题答案一、重要名词答案略二、单项选择1-5 ABBCB 6-10 CCBDA三、多项选择1. CD2. ADE3. AC4. BCDE5. CDE6.ABC7. ACE8. ABC9. ACDE 10.ABC四、判断题1-5 ×××√×五、简答题答案略第十一章课后习题答案二、单选题1-5DABCB 6-10DABDC 11-15DBAAB 16-20DCCAA三、多选题1-5ABD/ACD/AC/ABC/ACD 6-10 ABCD/ABD/ABCDE/ABCDE/ABCDE11-15ABCDE/ABCDE/ABCD/ABCDE/ABCDE16-20ACD/ ABCDE/ABCDE/ ACE/ADE四、1-5对错错对对 6-10对错对对错 11-15对对对对错 16-20对错对错对。

Chap002金融机构管理课后题答案

Chapter TwoThe Financial Services Industry: Depository InstitutionsChapter OutlineIntroductionCommercial Banks∙Size, Structure, and Composition of the Industry∙Balance Sheet and Recent Trends∙Other Fee-Generating Activities∙Regulation∙Industry PerformanceSavings Institutions∙Savings Associations (SAs)∙Savings Banks∙Recent Performance of Savings Associations and Savings BanksCredit Unions∙Size, Structure, and Composition of the Industry and Recent Trends∙Balance Sheets∙Regulation∙Industry PerformanceGlobal Issues: Japan, China, and GermanySummaryAppendix 2A: Financial Statement Analysis Using a Return on Equity (ROE) Framework Appendix 2B: Depository Institutions and Their RegulatorsAppendix 3B: Technology in Commercial BankingSolutions for End-of-Chapter Questions and Problems: Chapter Two1.What are the differences between community banks, regional banks, and money-centerbanks? Contrast the business activities, location, and markets of each of these bank groups. Community banks typically have assets under $1 billion and serve consumer and small business customers in local markets. In 2003, 94.5 percent of the banks in the United States were classified as community banks. However, these banks held only 14.6 percent of the assets of the banking industry. In comparison with regional and money-center banks, community banks typically hold a larger percentage of assets in consumer and real estate loans and a smaller percentage of assets in commercial and industrial loans. These banks also rely more heavily on local deposits and less heavily on borrowed and international funds.Regional banks range in size from several billion dollars to several hundred billion dollars in assets. The banks normally are headquartered in larger regional cities and often have offices and branches in locations throughout large portions of the United States. Although these banks provide lending products to large corporate customers, many of the regional banks have developed sophisticated electronic and branching services to consumer and residential customers. Regional banks utilize retail deposit bases for funding, but also develop relationships with large corporate customers and international money centers.Money center banks rely heavily on nondeposit or borrowed sources of funds. Some of these banks have no retail branch systems, and most regional banks are major participants in foreign currency markets. These banks compete with the larger regional banks for large commercial loans and with international banks for international commercial loans. Most money center banks have headquarters in New York City.e the data in Table 2-4 for the banks in the two asset size groups (a) $100 million-$1billion and (b) over $10 billion to answer the following questions.a. Why have the ratios for ROA and ROE tended to increase for both groups over the1990-2003 period? Identify and discuss the primary variables that affect ROA andROE as they relate to these two size groups.The primary reason for the improvements in ROA and ROE in the late 1990s may berelated to the continued strength of the macroeconomy that allowed banks to operate with a reduced regard for bad debts, or loan charge-off problems. In addition, the continued low interest rate environment has provided relatively low-cost sources of funds, and a shifttoward growth in fee income has provided additional sources of revenue in many product lines. Finally, a growing secondary market for loans has allowed banks to control the size of the balance sheet by securitizing many assets. You will note some variance inperformance in the last three years as the effects of a softer economy were felt in thefinancial industry.b. Why is ROA for the smaller banks generally larger than ROA for the large banks?Small banks historically have benefited from a larger spread between the cost rate of funds and the earning rate on assets, each of which is caused by the less severe competition in the localized markets. In addition, small banks have been able to control credit risk moreefficiently and to operate with less overhead expense than large banks.c. Why is the ratio for ROE consistently larger for the large bank group?ROE is defined as net income divided by total equity, or ROA times the ratio of assets to equity. Because large banks typically operate with less equity per dollar of assets, netincome per dollar of equity is larger.d. Using the information on ROE decomposition in Appendix 2A, calculate the ratio ofequity-to-total-assets for each of the two bank groups for the period 1990-2003. Whyhas there been such dramatic change in the values over this time period, and why isthere a difference in the size of the ratio for the two groups?ROE = ROA x (Total Assets/Equity)Therefore, (Equity/Total Assets) = ROA/ROE$100 million - $1 Billion Over $10 BillionYear ROE ROA TA/Equity Equity/TA ROE ROA TA/Equity Equity/TA1990 9.95% 0.78% 12.76 7.84% 6.68% 0.38% 17.58 5.69%1995 13.48% 1.25% 10.78 9.27% 15.60% 1.10% 14.18 7.05%1996 13.63% 1.29% 10.57 9.46% 14.93% 1.10% 13.57 7.37%1997 14.50% 1.39% 10.43 9.59% 15.32% 1.18% 12.98 7.70%1998 13.57% 1.31% 10.36 9.65% 13.82% 1.08% 12.80 7.81%1999 14.24% 1.34% 10.63 9.41% 15.97% 1.28% 12.48 8.02%2000 13.56% 1.28% 10.59 9.44% 14.42% 1.16% 12.43 8.04%2001 12.24% 1.20% 10.20 9.80% 13.43% 1.13% 11.88 8.41%2002 12.85% 1.26% 10.20 9.81% 15.06% 1.32% 11.41 8.76%2003 12.80% 1.27% 10.08 9.92% 16.32% 1.42% 11.49 8.70% The growth in the equity to total assets ratio has occurred primarily because of theincreased profitability of the entire banking industry and the encouragement of theregulators to increase the amount of equity financing in the banks. Increased fee income, reduced loan loss reserves, and a low, stable interest rate environment have produced the increased profitability which in turn has allowed banks to increase equity through retained earnings.Smaller banks tend to have a higher equity ratio because they have more limited assetgrowth opportunities, generally have less diverse sources of funds, and historically have had greater profitability than larger banks.3.What factors have caused the decrease in loan volume relative to other assets on thebalance sheets of commercial banks? How has each of these factors been related to the change and development of the financial services industry during the 1990s and early2000s? What strategic changes have banks implemented to deal with changes in thefinancial services environment?Corporations have utilized the commercial paper markets with increased frequency rather than borrow from banks. In addition, many banks have sold loan packages directly into the capital markets (securitization) as a method to reduce balance sheet risks and to improve liquidity. Finally, the decrease in loan volume during the early 1990s and early 2000s was due in part to the recession in the economy.As deregulation of the financial services industry continued during the 1990s, the position of banks as the primary financial services provider continued to erode. Banks of all sizes have increased the use of off-balance sheet activities in an effort to generate additional fee income. Letters of credit, futures, options, swaps and other derivative products are not reflected on the balance sheet, but do provide fee income for the banks.4.What are the major uses of funds for commercial banks in the United States? What are theprimary risks to the bank caused by each use of funds? Which of the risks is most critical to the continuing operation of the bank?Loans and investment securities continue to be the primary assets of the banking industry. Commercial loans are relatively more important for the larger banks, while consumer, small business loans, and residential mortgages are more important for small banks. Each of these types of loans creates credit, and to varying extents, liquidity risks for the banks. The security portfolio normally is a source of liquidity and interest rate risk, especially with the increased use of various types of mortgage backed securities and structured notes. In certain environments, each of these risks can create operational and performance problems for a bank.5.What are the major sources of funds for commercial banks in the United States? How isthe landscape for these funds changing and why?The primary sources of funds are deposits and borrowed funds. Small banks rely more heavily on transaction, savings, and retail time deposits, while large banks tend to utilize large, negotiable time deposits and nondeposit liabilities such as federal funds and repurchase agreements. The supply of nontransaction deposits is shrinking, because of the increased use by small savers of higher-yielding money market mutual funds,6. What are the three major segments of deposit funding? How are these segments changingover time? Why? What strategic impact do these changes have on the profitable operation of a bank?Transaction accounts include deposits that do not pay interest and NOW accounts that pay interest. Retail savings accounts include passbook savings accounts and small, nonnegotiable time deposits. Large time deposits include negotiable certificates of deposits that can be resold in the secondary market. The importance of transaction and retail accounts is shrinking due to the direct investment in money market assets by individual investors. The changes in the deposit markets coincide with the efforts to constrain the growth on the asset side of the balance sheet.7. How does the liability maturity structure of a bank’s balance sheet compare with thematurity structure of the asset portfolio? What risks are created or intensified by thesedifferences?Deposit and nondeposit liabilities tend to have shorter maturities than assets such as loans. The maturity mismatch creates varying degrees of interest rate risk and liquidity risk.8. The following balance sheet accounts have been taken from the annual report for a U.S.bank. Arrange the accounts in balance sheet order and determine the value of total assets.Based on the balance sheet structure, would you classify this bank as a community bank, regional bank, or a money center bank?Assets Liabilities and EquityCash $ 2,660 Demand deposits $ 5,939Fed funds sold $ 110 NOW accounts $12,816Investment securities $ 5,334 Savings deposits $ 3,292Net loans $29,981 Certificates of deposit $ 9,853Intangible assets $ 758 Other time deposits $ 2,333Other assets $ 1,633 Short-term Borrowing $ 2,080Premises $ 1,078 Other liabilities $ 778Total assets $41,554 Long-term debt $ 1,191Equity $ 3,272Total liab. and equity $41,554This bank has funded the assets primarily with transaction and savings deposits. The certificates of deposit could be either retail or corporate (negotiable). The bank has very little ( 5 percent) borrowed funds. On the asset side, about 72 percent of total assets is in the loan portfolio, but there is no information about the type of loans. The bank actually is a small regional bank with $41.5 billion in assets, but the asset structure could easily be a community bank with $41.5 million in assets.9.What types of activities normally are classified as off-balance-sheet (OBS) activities?Off-balance-sheet activities include the issuance of guarantees that may be called into play at a future time, and the commitment to lend at a future time if the borrower desires.a. How does an OBS activity move onto the balance sheet as an asset or liability?The activity becomes an asset or a liability upon the occurrence of a contingent event,which may not be in the control of the bank. In most cases the other party involved with the original agreement will call upon the bank to honor its original commitment.b.What are the benefits of OBS activities to a bank?The initial benefit is the fee that the bank charges when making the commitment. If the bank is required to honor the commitment, the normal interest rate structure will apply to the commitment as it moves onto the balance sheet. Since the initial commitment does notappear on the balance sheet, the bank avoids the need to fund the asset with either deposits or equity. Thus the bank avoids possible additional reserve requirement balances anddeposit insurance premiums while improving the earnings stream of the bank.c.What are the risks of OBS activities to a bank?The primary risk to OBS activities on the asset side of the bank involves the credit risk of the borrower. In many cases the borrower will not utilize the commitment of the bank until the borrower faces a financial problem that may alter the credit worthiness of the borrower.Moving the OBS activity to the balance sheet may have an additional impact on the interest rate and foreign exchange risk of the bank.e the data in Table 2-6 to answer the following questions.a.What was the average annual growth rate in OBS total commitments over the periodfrom 1992-2003?$78,035.6 = $10,200.3(1+g)11 g = 20.32 percentb.Which categories of contingencies have had the highest annual growth rates?Category of Contingency or Commitment Growth RateCommitments to lend 14.04%Future and forward contracts 15.13%Notional amount of credit derivatives 52.57%Standby contracts and other option contracts 56.39%Commitments to buy FX, spot, and forward 3.39%Standby LCs and foreign office guarantees 7.19%Commercial LCs -1.35%Participations in acceptances -6.11%Securities borrowed 20.74%Notional value of all outstanding swaps 31.76%Standby contracts and other option contracts have grown at the fastest rate of 56.39 percent, and they have an outstanding balance of $214,605.3 billion. The rate of growth in thecredit derivatives area has been the second strongest at 52.57 percent, the dollar volumeremains fairly low at $1,001.2 billion at year-end 2003. Interest rate swaps grew at anannual rate of 31.76 percent with a change in dollar value of $41,960.7 billion. Clearly the strongest growth involves derivative areas.c.What factors are credited for the significant growth in derivative securities activities bybanks?The primary use of derivative products has been in the areas of interest rate, credit, andforeign exchange risk management. As banks and other financial institutions have pursuedthe use of these instruments, the international financial markets have responded byextending the variations of the products available to the institutions.11. For each of the following banking organizations, identify which regulatory agencies (OCC,FRB, FDIC, or state banking commission) may have some regulatory supervisionresponsibility.(a) State-chartered, nonmember, nonholding-company bank.(b)State-chartered, nonmember holding-company bank(c) State-chartered member bank(d)Nationally chartered nonholding-company bank.(e)Nationally chartered holding-company bankBank Type OCC FRB FDIC SBCom.(a) Yes Yes(b) Yes Yes Yes(c) Yes Yes Yes(d) Yes Yes Yes(e) Yes Yes Yes12. What factors normally are given credit for the revitalization of the banking industry duringthe decade of the 1990s? How is Internet banking expected to provide benefits in thefuture?The most prominent reason was the lengthy economic expansion in both the U.S. and many global economies during the entire decade of the 1990s. This expansion was assisted in the U.S. by low and falling interest rates during the entire period.The extent of the impact of Internet banking remains unknown. However, the existence of this technology is allowing banks to open markets and develop products that did not exist prior to the Internet. Initial efforts have focused on retail customers more than corporate customers. The trend should continue with the advent of faster, more customer friendly products and services, and the continued technology education of customers.13. What factors are given credit for the strong performance of commercial banks in the early2000s?The lowest interest rates in many decades helped bank performance on both sides of the balance sheet. On the asset side, many consumers continued to refinance homes and purchase new homes, an activity that caused fee income from mortgage lending to increase and remain strong. Meanwhile, the rates banks paid on deposits shrunk to all-time lows. In addition, the development and more comfortable use of new financial instruments such as credit derivatives and mortgage backed securities helped banks ease credit risk off the balance sheets. Finally, information technology has helped banks manage their risk more efficiently.14. What are the main features of the Riegle-Neal Interstate Banking and Branching EfficiencyAct of 1994? What major impact on commercial banking activity is expected from this legislation?The main feature of the Riegle-Neal Act of 1994 was the removal of barriers to inter-state banking. In September 1995 bank holding companies were allowed to acquire banks in other states. In 1997, banks were allowed to convert out-of-state subsidiaries into branches of a single interstate bank. As a result, consolidations and acquisitions have allowed for the emergence of very large banks with branches across the country.15. What happened in 1979 to cause the failure of many savings associations during the early1980s? What was the effect of this change on the operating statements of savingsassociations?The Federal Reserve changed its reserve management policy to combat the effects of inflation, a change which caused the interest rates on short-term deposits to increase dramatically more than the rates on long-term mortgages. As a result, the marginal cost of funds exceeded the average yield on assets that caused a negative interest spread for the savings associations. Further, because savings associations were constrained by Regulation Q on the amount of interest which could be paid on deposits, they suffered disintermediation, or deposit withdrawals, which led to severe liquidity pressures on the balance sheets.16. How did the two pieces of regulatory legislation, the DIDMCA in 1980 and the DIA in1982, change the operating profitability of savings associations in the early 1980s? What impact did these pieces of legislation ultimately have on the risk posture of the savingsassociation industry? How did the FSLIC react to this change in operating performance and risk?The two pieces of legislation allowed savings associations to offer new deposit accounts, such as NOW accounts and money market deposit accounts, in an effort to reduce the net withdrawal flow of deposits from the institutions. In effect this action was an attempt to reduce the liquidity problem. In addition, the savings associations were allowed to offer adjustable-rate mortgages and a limited amount of commercial and consumer loans in an attempt to improve the profitability performance of the industry. Although many savings associations were safer, more diversified, and more profitable, the FSLIC did not foreclose many of the savings associations which were insolvent. Nor did the FSLIC change its policy of assessing higher insurance premiums on companies that remained in high risk categories. Thus many savings associations failed, which caused the FSLIC to eventually become insolvent.17. How do the asset and liability structures of a savings association compare with the assetand liability structures of a commercial bank? How do these structural differences affect the risks and operating performance of a savings association? What is the QTL test?The savings association industry relies on mortgage loans and mortgage-backed securities as the primary assets, while the commercial banking industry has a variety of loan products, including mortgage products. The large amount of longer-term fixed rate assets continues to cause interestrate risk, while the lack of asset diversity exposes the savings association to credit risk. Savings associations hold considerably less cash and U.S. Treasury securities than do commercial banks. On the liability side, small time and saving deposits remain as the predominant source of funds for savings associations, with some reliance on FHLB borrowing. The inability to nurture relationships with the capital markets also creates potential liquidity risk for the savings association industry.The acronym QTL stands for Qualified Thrift Lender. The QTL test refers to a minimum amount of mortgage-related assets that a savings association must hold. The amount currently is 65 percent of total assets.18. How do savings banks differ from savings and loan associations? Differentiate in terms ofrisk, operating performance, balance sheet structure, and regulatory responsibility.The asset structure of savings banks is similar to the asset structure of savings associations with the exception that savings banks are allowed to diversify by holding a larger proportion of corporate stocks and bonds. Savings banks rely more heavily on deposits and thus have a lower level of borrowed funds. The banks are regulated at both the state and federal level, with deposits insured by t he FDIC’s BIF.19. How did the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act (FIRREA) of1989 and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991 reversesome of the key features of earlier legislation?FIRREA rescinded some of the expanded thrift lending powers of the DIDMCA of 1980 and the Garn-St Germain Act of 1982 by instituting the qualified thrift lender (QTL) test that requires that all thrifts must hold portfolios that are comprised primarily of mortgages or mortgage products such as mortgage-backed securities. The act also required thrifts to divest their portfolios of junk bonds by 1994, and it replaced the FSLIC with a new thrift deposit insurance fund, the Savings Association Insurance Fund, which was managed by the FDIC.The FDICA of 1991 amended the DIDMCA of 1980 by introducing risk-based deposit insurance premiums in 1993 to reduce excess risk-taking. FDICA also provided for the implementation of a policy of prompt corrective actions (PCA) that allows regulators to close banks more quickly in cases where insolvency is imminent. Thus the ill-advised policy of regulatory forbearance should be curbed. Finally, the act amended the International Banking Act of 1978 by expanding the regulatory oversight powers over foreign banks.20. What is the “common bond” membership qualification under which credit unions havebeen formed and operated? How does this qualification affect the operational objective ofa credit union?The common bond policy allows any one who meets a specific membership requirement to become a member of the credit union. The requirement normally is tied to a place of employment. Because the common bond policy has been loosely interpreted, implementation has allowed credit union membership and assets to grow at a rate that exceeds similar growth inthe commercial banking industry. Since credit unions are mutual organizations where the members are owners, employees essentially use saving deposits to make loans to other employees who need funds.21. What are the operating advantages of credit unions that have caused concern bycommercial bankers? What has been the response of the Credit Union NationalAssociation to the bank criticisms?Credit unions are tax-exempt organizations that often are provided office space by employers at no cost. As a result, because non-interest operating costs are very low, credit unions can lend money at lower rates and pay higher rates on savings deposits than can commercial banks. CUNA has responded that the cost to tax payers from the tax-exempt status is replaced by the additional social good created by the benefits to the members.22. How does the asset structure of credit unions compare with the asset structure ofcommercial banks and savings and loan associations? Refer to Tables 2-5, 2-9, and 2-12 to formulate your answer.The relative proportions of credit union assets are more similar to commercial banks than savings associations, with 20 percent in investment securities and 63 percent in loans. However, nonmortgage loans of credit unions are predominantly consumer loans. On the liability side of the balance sheet, credit unions differ from banks in that they have less reliance on large time deposits, and they differ from savings associations in that they have virtually no borrowings from any source. The primary sources of funds for credit unions are transaction and small time and savings accounts.23. Compare and contrast the performance of the U.S. depository institution industry withthose of Japan, China, and Germany.The entire Japanese financial system was under increasing pressure from the early 1990s as the economy suffered from real estate and other commercial industry pressures. The Japanese government has used several financial aid packages in attempts to avert a collapse of the Japanese financial system. Most attempts have not been successful.The deterioration in the banking industry in China in the early 2000s was caused by nonperforming loans and credits. The remedies include the opportunity for more foreign bank ownership in the Chinese banking environment primarily via larger ownership positions, less restrictive capital requirements for branches, and increased geographic presence.German banks also had difficulties in the early 2000s, but the problems were not universal. The large banks suffered from credit problems, but the small banks enjoyed high credit ratings and low cast of funds because of government guarantees on their borrowing. Thus while small banks benefited from growth in small business lending, the large banks became reliant on fee and trading income.。

(完整版)《商业银行管理学》课后习题答案

《商业银行管理学》课后习题及题解第一章商业银行管理学导论习题一、判断题1. 《金融服务现代化法案》的核心内容之一就是废除《格拉斯－斯蒂格尔法》。

2. 政府放松金融管制与加强金融监管是相互矛盾的。

3. 商业银行管理的最终目标是追求利润最大化。

4. 在金融市场上，商业银行等金融中介起着类似于中介经纪人的角色。

5. 商业银行具有明显的企业性质，所以常用于企业管理的最优化原理如边际分享原理、投入要素最优组合原理、规模经济原理也适用于商业银行。

6. 金融市场的交易成本和信息不对称决定了商业银行在金融市场中的主体地位。

7. 企业价值最大化是商业银行管理的基本目标。

8. 商业银行管理学研究的主要对象是围绕稀缺资源信用资金的优化配置所展开的各种业务及相关的组织管理问题。

9. 商业银行资金的安全性指的是银行投入的信用资金在不受损失的情况下能如期收回。

二、简答题1. 试述商业银行的性质与功能。

2. 如何理解商业银行管理的目标？3. 现代商业银行经营的特点有哪些？4. 商业银行管理学的研究对象和内容是什么？5. 如何看待“三性”平衡之间的关系？三、论述题1. 论述商业银行的三性目标是什么，如何处理三者之间的关系。

2. 试结合我国实际论述商业银行在金融体系中的作用。

第一章习题参考答案一、判断题1.√2.×3.×4.√5.×6.√7.×8.√9.√二、略；三、略。

第二章商业银行资本金管理习题一、判断题1. 新巴塞尔资本协议规定，商业银行的核心资本充足率仍为4％。

2. 巴塞尔协议规定，银行附属资本的合计金额不得超过其核心资本的50%。

3. 新巴塞尔资本协议对银行信用风险提供了两种方法：标准法和内部模型法。

4. 资本充足率反映了商业银行抵御风险的能力。

5. 我国国有商业银行目前只能通过财政增资的方式增加资本金。

6. 商业银行计算信用风险加权资产的标准法中的风险权重由监管机关规定。

二、单选题1. 我国《商业银行资本充足率管理办法》规定，计入附属资本的长期次级债务不得超过核心资本的。

第十章课后习题答案

复习思考题：1.什么是信托？信托业务有哪些分类？信托是指委托人与受托人基于信任的基础上，委托人将其财产权委托给受托人，由受托人按委托人的意愿以自己的名义，为受益人的利益或者特定目的，进行管理或者处分的行为。

信托是以资财为核心，以信任为基础，以委托为方式的财产管理制度。

信托当事人一般有三个，即委托人、受托人、受益人。

委托人是提出信托要求者，也是信托资财的所有者，其为了一定的目的，将属于自己的资金财产授权受托人代为经营与管理；受托人是接受委托人的委托，并按照委托人的指示对信托资财进行管理和处理的人；受益人是享受信托资财利益的一方，由委托人指定，即可以是第三方也可以是委托人自己，但不可以是受托人。

1)信托业务按业务内容不同，可分为“信托”、“代理”和“租赁”三大类。

2)信托业务按事项的法律立场为标准，信托可以分为民事信托和商事信托。

3)信托业务按委托人的不同，可分为个人信托和法人信托。

4) 信托业务按受益对象划分，可分为私益信托和公益信托（按受益人是否为委托人本人，亦可分为自益信托和他益信托）。

5)信托业务按标的物的不同，可分为资金信托、实物信托、债权信托和经济事务信托四种。

6) 信托业务按信托关系成立的方式划分可以分为自由信托和法定信托。

2.信托业务会计核算的特点有哪些？1）信托投资公司因接受信托而取得的财产，以及因信托资产的管理、处分或者其他情形而取得的财产，称为信托资产。

信托资产不属于信托投资公司的自有财产，也不属于信托投资公司对受益人的负债。

信托投资公司终止时，信托资产不属于其清算资产。

2）信托投资公司的自有资产与信托资产应分开管理、分别核算。

信托投资公司管理不同类型的信托业务，应分别按项目设置信托业务明细账进行核算管理。

3）信托投资公司对不同信托资产按来源和运用设置相应会计科目进行核算反映。

来源类科目应按类别、委托人等设置明细账。

具体分为短期信托资产来源、长期信托资产来源。

短期信托资产来源指不超过一年的信托资产来源，包括短期信托存款、代扣代缴税金、待分配信托收益、应付受托人收益及应付其他受益人款项等。

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