中国的独生子女政策 One-child policy in China
独生子女退休补贴最新政策2024
1.建立补贴政策的持续改进机制，定期收集政策执行数据，分析存在的问题，及时调整优化政策；
2.构建反馈循环系统，鼓励独生子女父母和相关部门提供反馈信息，确保政策调整的科学性和及时性；
3.通过定期的政策评估和反馈，形成政策持续改进的良性循环，不断提升政策的实效性和满意度。
2.通过社区活动、家庭访问等形式，深入基层，将政策宣传到户到人；
3.利用现代信息技术，如互联网、移动应用等平台，广泛推广政策内容，提高公众的政策知晓率。
十八、补贴政策的优化与完善
1.根据经济社会发展情况，适时对独生子女退休补贴政策进行优化，提高政策的适应性和公平性；
2.研究建立与独生.完善政策细节，解决政策执行过程中出现的问题，提升政策执行效率和精准度。
十九、补贴政策的法律保障
1.加强独生子女退休补贴政策的法制建设，确保政策有法可依，有法必依；
2.明确政策法律责任，对违反政策规定的行为依法予以处罚，维护政策的严肃性和权威性；
3.加强与相关法律法规的衔接，确保政策在法律框架内有效运行。
2.对违反政策规定，滥用职权、玩忽职守、徇私舞弊的工作人员，依法依规追究责任；
3.强化社会监督，鼓励群众对独生子女退休补贴政策执行中的问题进行举报，对举报查实的问题要及时予以纠正。
十三、补贴政策的过渡期安排
1.对于本政策实施前已达到退休年龄但未享受补贴的独生子女父母，可按本政策规定申请补贴，具体过渡期安排由各地自行确定；
2.过渡期内，对于已享受原政策补贴的独生子女父母，其补贴标准不做调整，继续按原标准发放；
3.过渡期结束后，统一按照本政策规定的补贴标准执行。
十四、补贴政策的协调与衔接
1.独生子女退休补贴政策与基本养老保险、医疗保险等其他社会保障政策相互协调，形成合力；
独生子女政策One Child Policy _英语作文
独生子女政策One Child PolicyChinais thelargest population country in the world, which increase the difficulty todevelop china well. Consider Chinese development in the long term, some peoplepoint out that it is necessary for Chinese to carry out one child policy. However,there are opposite voice. They think one child policy is not good for children’shealthy grow up. I agree with the latter opinion. The reasons are as follows. 中国是世界上人口最多的国家，这就加大了发展中国的难度。
从中国的长远发展来看，有些人指出在中国实行独生子女政策是有必要的。
然而，也有反对的声音。
他们认为独生子女政策不利于孩子们的健康成长。
我同意后者的观点。
理由如下。
First of all, one child policy will make childrenfeel lonely. One child policy means every couple just has one child. The childhas no sisters or brothers to play with him. As time passes, they will feellonely. We all know that there is not everything children want to tell theirparents. Growing up with no brother or sister, the child may easy to get mentalproblem, such as, autism. In addition, as every parent just has one child, theywill spoil their child double times.As a result, the child will the so called littleemperor or little princess. When the child grows up, it is possible thathe couldn’t adjust the world, the society, because no one will treat them aslittle emperor or little princess except their parents.首先，独生子女政策会让孩子感到孤独。
独生子女政策出台始末
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９０年代的低水平。 １８ ９０年 ９月 ２ 公 开 信 》 发 表 ， 也没有回到 １７ ５日
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Hale Waihona Puke Ｍ Ｍ Ｒ Ｅ ０Ｙ独生子女政策出台始末
三十年前 ，“ 一对夫妇只生一个孩子”最终取代 “ 最好一个 、最 多两个”的人 口政策 ，
成为波及城市农村的一场 “ 生育革命”最终 影响了中国大部分 家庭 的命运。对于这项政策 ， ， 当年的参与者认为 ，它 “ 始于忧患 ，行于艰难 ，成于统筹 ，福泽后代 ，惠及全球 ”
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独生子女政策英语作文
独生子女政策英语作文In the late 1970s, China implemented a controversial policy known as the One-Child Policy. This policy, aimed at curbing rapid population growth, restricted most urban families to having only one child. Its implementation had profound effects on Chinese society, economy, and culture, shaping the lives of millions of individuals and families. The rationale behind the One-Child Policy was to address the country's burgeoning population, which was putting immense pressure on resources and infrastructure. By limiting families to one child, the government hoped to slow down population growth and improve living standards. While the policy was effective in achieving its immediate goal, its long-term consequences have been complex and diverse.One of the most significant impacts of the One-Child Policy was the changing family structure in China. With most families having only one child, the traditional extended family model gave way to smaller nuclear families. This shift had profound effects on interpersonalrelationships, inheritance practices, and even the way people perceived their identity and role in society.The One-Child Policy also had economic implications. As families had fewer children to support, they could invest more resources in educating and providing for their only child. This led to a significant increase in educational opportunities for girls, who had traditionally been denied access to higher education due to cultural biases. The policy also contributed to China's economic boom by ensuring a larger workforce and lower dependency ratios.However, the One-Child Policy also gave rise to several social issues. One of the most significant was the phenomenon of the "left-behind children," who were left in the care of grandparents or relatives while their parents migrated to cities for work. These children often suffered from emotional and psychological problems due to lack of parental care and attention.Another issue was the increasing gender imbalance in China, which was partially attributed to the preference for male children. This preference led to a high number of female fetuses being aborted or neglected, resulting in asignificant gender gap in the population. This gender imbalance has led to social problems such as increased crime rates and marriage difficulties for men.In recognition of these issues, China began to gradually relax the One-Child Policy in 2011, allowing families to have two children if both parents were only children. This policy change aimed to address the gender imbalance and aging population issues while maintaining population control. However, the impact of this new policy remains to be seen, as it will take time for its effects to manifest in the population structure and social fabric of China.In conclusion, the One-Child Policy was a significant milestone in Chinese history, having profound effects on the country's population, economy, and society. While it achieved its immediate goals of population control and economic growth, its long-term consequences have been complex and diverse, giving rise to new challenges and opportunities for China to address in the future.**中国独生子女政策的影响**20世纪70年代末，中国实施了一项引起争议的政策，即独生子女政策。
论独生子女政策的利弊英语作文
论独生子女政策的利弊英语作文China's one-child policyChina's one-child policy published in 1979,because the increasing population make it necessary to control the rapid growth of population. Although the one child policy can solve the population problem in some extend, the disadvantages are obvious.First, one-child policy means every couple just has one child, no brothers or sisters, which makes children feel lonely.Second, the only chid of a family will be spoiled. They do not want to share things with others and they can ask for anything they want. it is not good for children’s healthy growing in the long term. Last but not least, the one-child policy made some parents lost their only child. Some of them are still young and they can have a baby again. But most of them haven’t the fertility any longer or they haven’t the ability to adopt a child. Until 2012, there are at least 1 million families of people who lost their only child. They faced with many problems, such as economic difficulties and mental trauma. Without the support of children, the old struggle to make ends meet. Originally child is the core of the stability of a family, when the child died couples lost their spiritual sustenance.To sum up, China's one-child policy may do more harm than good. I am glad to see the government has published the two-child policy which can avoid some tragedy.。
有关计划生育的英语
有关计划生育的英语English: The policy of family planning, also known as the one-child policy, was implemented in China in 1979 to control the rapid population growth. Under this policy, urban couples were limited to having only one child, while rural couples were allowed to have a second child if their first child was a girl. The policy was strictly enforced through fines, forced abortions, and sterilizations. While it did help to slow down the population growth rate, it also led to unintended consequences such as gender imbalance, aging population, and psychological trauma for the families impacted by the harsh enforcement measures.中文翻译: 计划生育政策, 也称为独生子女政策, 是中国在1979年实施的旨在控制人口快速增长的政策。
根据这项政策, 城市夫妇只能生育一个孩子,而农村夫妇则可在第一个孩子是女孩时生育第二个孩子。
该政策通过罚款、强制堕胎和绝育等手段严格执行。
尽管这项政策确实有助于减缓人口增长速度,但也导致了一系列意想不到的后果, 如性别比例失衡、人口老龄化,以及对受到严格执行措施影响的家庭造成的心理创伤。
2024年关于独身子女费发放新规定全文
2020年关于独身子女费发放新规定全文二胎政策发布后，对独生子女费的发放有什么影响呢。
下面小编为大家搜集的一篇“2019年关于独身子女费发放新规定全文”，供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友!全面实施二孩政策之后，提倡按政策生育，对自愿生育一个孩子的父母不再发放独生子女父母光荣证，也不再享受独生子女父母奖励费等相关的优待政策，之前已经领取独生子女父母光荣证的继续按照规定的条件、标准、年限享受各项相关计划生育奖励优待政策，已经领取独生子女光荣证的，要求再生一个，不再享受独生子女父母奖励优待政策，此前享受的也不用退还。
王培安指出，第一，国家人口总量增长的势头明显减弱;第二，家庭规模小型化，少子和年老家庭增多;第三，人口结构发生明显变化，劳动年龄人口减少，老年化规模大速度快，为经济社会发展和人口安全带来了新的挑战。
为应对新的人口发展形势，通过单独两孩政策，更加了解了广大群众的生育意愿和生育预期，对目标人群，政府心里更有数。
所以，十三五初期，实施全面两孩政策，正当其时。
全面二孩政策的实施会带来人口激增吗?王培安用一串数字说明：未来几年人口的增长符合政策调整的预期效应。
王培安认为，全面两孩政策实施后，现阶段符合条件的夫妇约有九千万对。
政策实施后，近几年出生人口规模会有明显增加，预计最高年份可突破两千万。
但都在预期目标之内，它会对妇幼保健、入托入学带来一些挑战，但通过加大投入、盘活存量、做好工作，是完全可以应对的。
全面二孩政策何时才能真正落地是不少家庭关心的合适的内容，对此，王培安透露，预计明年一季度前各地将陆续开始实施。
王培安指出，按照中央的决策部署，需要修改《人口与相关计划生育法》及其配套的法规，依法组织实施。
具体说，就是各省区市根据新修订的《人口与相关计划生育法》，做地方法规的修订，然后就会组织实施。
预计明年第一季度，全国多数省区市都能够具体实施。
王培安说，我国在制定资源环境中长期战略规划目标时，已经为生育政策调整完善预留了空间，据有关部门测算，我国的能源、粮食等供给都在可承受范围之内，不会影响国家既定资源环境质量目标的实现。
非中性制度
非中性制度我国的独生子女政策（One Child Policy）被许多国家称为迄今为止最严格的计划生育政策之一。
这个政策在1979年开始实施，旨在控制中国人口的增长速度，并为国家的经济发展创造一个相对较好的环境。
然而，尽管独生子女政策在某些方面取得了成功，但它也有一些负面影响。
独生子女政策的一个重要目标是控制人口数量，特别是在中国与世界上最大人口的国家之一。
实施这个政策后，中国人口增长率显著减缓，并在一些地区达到了可持续发展的水平。
这有助于保持粮食和其他资源的相对稳定供应，减轻了国家面临的过度容量的压力。
此外，独生子女政策还为国家提供了一个机会，更好地投资于教育和医疗。
由于家庭只有一个孩子，父母可以更容易地为他们提供高质量教育和医疗保健。
这意味着更多的孩子能够接受良好的教育，从而提高国家整体的文化水平和人力资源的质量。
然而，独生子女政策也有一些负面影响。
首先，它导致了女性性别比例的失衡。
由于中国的传统文化倾向于重男轻女，很多家庭希望生男孩而不是女孩。
这导致了严重的性别不平衡，据估计，中国的性别比例不均已经达到了世界上最高的水平之一。
这导致了一些问题，包括婚姻市场的变动和一些男性难以找到婚姻伴侣。
其次，独生子女政策也引发了老龄化问题。
由于每个家庭只能有一个孩子，中国的老年人口正迅速增长。
这意味着将来的劳动力将面临很大的压力，同时也增加了养老金和社会保障支出的负担。
这可能对国家经济造成一定的负面影响。
最后，独生子女政策还导致了一些心理上的问题。
独生子女通常受到过多的家庭关注和期望，这可能给他们带来很大的压力。
此外，他们也经历了缺乏兄弟姐妹的互动和竞争，这可能影响他们的社交能力和个人发展。
总的来说，尽管独生子女政策在控制人口数量方面取得了一定的成功，并为国家提供了一些机会，但它也带来了一些负面影响。
解决这些问题需要政府采取更多措施，以平衡计划生育政策的利弊，并更好地满足人们的需求和期望。
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POPULATION DENSITY OF CHINA & USA
In early 1950’s people were encouraged to have more children (after WWII & civil war；learned from Soviet Union) for military strength Farming... agricultural production
ONE CHILD POLICY
• • • • • Demographic targets down to local level Government regulations and fines for unplanned births Pressure to abort unplanned pregnancies Highly organized service(Family Planning Commission) “One veto” system for evaluating officials
121.7 119.9
122.9 120.5 117.1
117 114 111 108 105 111.8 111.3 109.9
116.4
113.0
1982
1987
1990
1995
2000
2005
Year
What is the FUTURE of this Policy? “ The policy should be enforced for 30-40 years”
Effects:
• China’s population reduced 400 million.
1970: the crude birth rate is 33 1990: the rude birth rate is 22 2008: the crude birth rate is 19 (Crude birth rate is childbirth /1000 people per year)
• Paid medical/hospital expenses
CONSEQUENCES
• Loss of family allowances • Loss of medical benefits • Demotion/discharge from jobs • Confiscation of property • Fines- up to 7 times annual salary
TRADITIONAL CHINESE CONCEPT OF FERTILITY
1. 多子多福 MORE CHILDREN, MORE HAPPINESS
2. 传宗接代 CONTINUE THE FAMILY LINE
3.养儿防老 BRINGING UP SONS TO SUPPORT PARENTS IN THEIR OLD AGE
Soldiering...
“BEAR AS MANY CHILDREN AS POSSIBLE… TO MAKE CHINA STRONGER.” --MAO ZEDONG
“The happy life Chairman Mao gave us.” 1954
This led to overpopulation: In 1949 ----475 million In 1953-----over 600 million In 1970—830 million Average birth number forIC STATE POLICY
• In 1982, Family planning policy was incorporated into China’s Constitution Requiring over 90% Han couples to have one child only
• In 2002: POPULATION and FAMILY PLANNING LAW
Deng Xiaoping took power in 1978: • New policies focused on strengthening China's economy • Overpopulation as block to economic development In 1979, China introduced the ONE CHILD POLICY. goal: population contained within 1.2 billion by 2000.
Sex ratio
Total Urban area Rural area 117.8 116.8 113.6 113.1 112.1 107.7 107.6 107.1
Source: China Population Censuses and 1% Population Sample Surveys 5.
NEW READJUSTMENT POLICY
• Nov. 15, 2013: Bill to allow couples… to have 2 children was approved by the National people Congress • Five provinces/municipalities enforced --Tianjin, Beijing, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Anhui
Exploring China’s “One-Child Policy”
—--Past, Present and Future
RUIWU MIN
FROM VISITING SCHOLAR OCEAN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA
CHINA’S POPULATION
• State Census data (2010): • Total population: 1.370536875 billion • Han nationality : 91.51%; others 8.49% ---male 51.27% : female 48.73% 105.20 : 100 • Annual increase: 12 million (down from peak 23 million in 1980s)
•
• Article 18: The State maintains its current policy for reproduction, encouraging late marriage and childbearing and advocating one child per couple. Article 41: Citizens who give birth to babies not in compliance with the provisions of Article 18 of this Law shall pay a social maintenance fee prescribed by law.
REWARDS
• “One Child Certificate”
• Cash bonuses(￥20/month)
• Longer maternity leave
• Better childcare
• Preferential housing
• Preferential employment
• Preferential school placement
--Population experts Song, Jian(宋健)
Tian, Xueyuan(田雪原) in 1979
The policy has been relaxed
In 2004 & 2009 scholars called for a change In 2011, couples who are both the only child of the families are allowed to have 2 children
• The Family Planning Commission merged into Health and Family Planning Commission in 2013
ITS INFLUENCES:
1. Number of children per household present: 1.5—1.6 future: 1.8 2. Population structure By 2030 22 million people added to workforce 3. Rebalancing of gender disparity Now there are 30 million more males than females 4. Avoiding the "4--2--1" family structure
FUTURE OF THE ONE CHILD POLICY----DEMOLISHED?
WANG MING A NATIONAL COMMITTEE MEMBER OF THE CPPCC
(CHINESE PEOPLE'S POLITICAL CONSULTATIVE CONFERENCE) PROFESSOR AT TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY RECENTLY PROPOSED: COMPLETE REMOVAL OF THE POLICY CANCEL THE SOCIAL MAINTENANCE FEE
GENERAL EXCEPTIONS
•Members of ethnic minorities •First child disabled or dies •Remarried couples •In rural areas, if first child is a girl •Pregnancy after adoption