【最新文档】扩展英语段落写作的方法介绍word版本 (4页)
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== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==
扩展英语段落写作的方法介绍
1 举例法(examples)
举例就是用具体生动的事例来阐述作者的观点和见解的一种最简捷、最有
效的方法。也就是说，它用具体的事例来阐述主题句中的主导思想。用具体的
事例来扩展主题句是最常用的写作方法之一。它不仅使文章通俗易懂，而且还
给读者留下深刻印象，使文章更具有说服力。在选择例证时要选择最能支持你
的观点，最有说服力的句子。例子的多少主要由文章的长短而定。
[例]
Sports and games do a lot of good to our health. They can make usstrong, prevent us from getting too fat, and keep us healthy. Especiallythey can be of great value to people who work with their brains most ofthe day, for sports and games give people valuable practice in exercisingthe body.
例子中的第一句是主题句，即sports and games do a lot of good
toour health.在此主题句中的主导思想是a lot of good.以下事例都是来进
一步阐述主题中的主导思想的，即用具体事实来支持主题句中的观点。
2 定义法(definition)
这了避免混乱和误解，写作时应对读者不熟悉或有多种解释的单词、术语、概念下定义;所以定义法是文章写作中常见的一种方法。定义法主要以下几种方法：
2.1 运用同义词或词组来解释某一术语或新词。例如：
To mend means to repair.
2.2 用含有定语从句的句子为术语下定义。以定语从句下定义是最普遍的
手段。这种手段一般包括三个组成部分：A 术语(term);B 术语所属的类别(class);C 该术语与同类别其它事物的区别(difference).这种句子定义法的句型如下：
Term(术语)=its general class(基本属类)+ how it is different 例如：
A generator is an apparatus which produces electricity.
2.3 扩展式定义：有时一个术语或概念比较复杂或比较重要，用同义词定
义或用句子定义还不能够明确解释清楚，或容易与其它同类词混淆时，则有必
要使用扩展式定义。扩展式定义的特点是先写被定义的术语，然后再用具体实
例证明，并使之与易混的概念区别开来。例如：
Poetry is a branch of literature which explores ideas, emotions, andexperiences in a distinctive form and style. Poetry, sometimes called“verse”, depends greatly on the natural rhythms and sounds of languagefor its special effects. Poetry, even more than prose (all other writings)，depends on precise and suggestive wording. In other words, a poem saysmuch in little space. Poetry differs from prose in obvious way, also. Mostoften the first word of every line begins with a capital letter, even in themiddle of sentence. Poems sometimes contain rhyme, and often they havea particular rhythm, like music.
3 因果法(development by cause and effect)
论述因果关系应首先阐明事物发生的原因，然后再论述其结果。但在有些情况下可能只说明事情的成因，或者只陈述其结果。在学术研究的各个领域里，因果关系的写作是必不可少的。
We all know that cigarette smoking is a dangerous habit because itcauses health problems.Doctors say it can be a direct cause of cancer ofthe lungs and throats and can also contribute to cancer to other organs.Besides, it can bring about other health problems such
as heart lungdiseases…It is clearly identified as one of the chief causes of death inour society.
因果法常用词汇有：
3.1 动词：引述原因的有：to result from; to be the result of; to be dueto; to be a c onsequence of…引述结果的有：to lead to; to contribute to; to result in; to be thecause of, cause…
3.2 常用有介词和介词短语有：because of, owing to, on account of.
3.3 常用来表示原因的连词有：because, as, since. For, in that, nowthat, seeing that, considering that,
3.4 常用来表示结果的语言素材有：so that, so…that,
such…that,therefore, as a result, consequently, according ly, thus 等。
英语作文写作素材(写作高分秘诀)
英语作文写作素材(写作高分秘诀) 1.对灾区情况的简单介绍（包括地震发生时间、地点、造成的财产和人员损失等）； 2.捐款的意义（帮助灾区人民渡过难关、帮助灾区重建）； 3.如何捐款（自愿、多少不限、以班级为单位，收齐后交到学校红十字会） 注意： 1.不要逐条翻译； 2.可适当增加细节；以使文章连贯； 3.词数至少100词。 参考范文： Dearteachersandstudents, Asweallknow,aterribleearthquakehappenedinLushan,SichuanProvince onApril20,inwhichmanybuildingsweredestroyedandmanypeoplewereinjur ed.Inordertohelptheearthquakevictimstogothroughthehardtimesandrebuild theirhometown,theschoolhascalledoneveryoneinourschool,includingbotht eachersandstudents,todonatemoneytotheearthquake- strickenarea.Thisdonationisvoluntary.Youcangiveawayhowevermuchyou wantto.ThemoneywillbecollectedbyeachclassbeforeitishandedtotheRedCr ossSocietyofourschool.Wehopethateveryonewillbekindenough todowhatyoucantohelpourfellowmenoutofthedifficulty. Thankyou. 2013年高考英语作文热门话题之二---“中国梦” 及自己的感受。内容要点如下： 1.每位同学都畅谈了自己对中国梦的理解；
2012大学英语四级考试写作辅导
2012大学英语四级考试写作辅导 记叙文的思路与练习 记叙文是以叙述人物的经历和事物的发展变化过程为主要表现形式的一种文体。记叙文既可以以写人为主，又可以以写事为主。写记叙文要注意记叙文的“六大要素”即： 时间（When）——何时发生，有没有具体时间？ 地点（Where）——何地发生，有没有地点变化？ 人物（Who）——何人参与，谁是主角？ 事件（What）——发生了什么，有何特点？ 原因（Why）——事件的起因？ 结果（How）——事件的经过及结局？ 一般说来，在一篇记叙文中这六大要素是缺一不可的。 记叙文的思路就围绕这六大要素充分展开。 【例】四级考试中，只出现过一次专门的记叙文体裁的写作，即“An Early Morning Walk”（1988.6.），2003年6月出现过包含记叙文的作文，即“An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident”。 对于“An Early Morning Walk”，知道命题要求后，我们就要开始构思了。 When：题目已规定了是“清晨”，在这个时候，“我”去散步。 Where：到哪儿散步？去公园？在校园里？在街上（街上空气不好，还是不去！）。 Who：在公园里看到晨练的人：中老年人、年轻人、小孩子;在校园里看到读书背单词的学生。 What：人们热火朝天地做操，随音乐跳舞，打球，等等。 Why：清晨空气清新，适合锻炼;一日之际在于晨，背背书，读读单词。 当然，由这个题目可以令人想到很多东西，因篇幅所限，我们做了删减。
An Early Morning Walk One morning I got up very early，and everything around was very quiet. The sun had just risen，shining brilliantly and everything seemed to be covered with a layer of golden silk. There were only some birds singing occasionally in the tall trees. I strolled along the street toward the park，breathing the fresh air and feeling extremely happy. When I arrived at the park，I found，to my surprise，that there were so many people there. Men and women，boys and girls，all were enjoying themselves in their various activities. Some were doing morning exercises，some were playing badminton and some old people were having their tea while talking to each other cheerfully. I wandered around the park. To my delight，I found a few middle-school students talking to each other in English in one corner of the park. I went up and spoke to them in English. We soon became friends. I was very glad to find another opportunity to practice my spoken English. On the way home，I realized that an early morning walk really was good and healthful. Taking early morning walks makes one healthy and wise. 【点评】文章按照时间顺序（in chronological order），第一句话点明时间（One morning）、人物（第一人称“I”），并简要描述了早晨的特点（What was the setting），接着第二段第一句话交代地点（in the park），然后介绍公园里人们及作者的活动（What was happening），最后在文章结尾点题，即，归纳中心思想——Taking early morning walks makes one healthy and wise. 仅仅189个单词既满足了记叙文的“六大要素”，又有明确的中心思想和生动的细节，行文方式符合要求。 1. 以“A Most Unlucky Day”为题，想想该怎么写。注意：题目的中心词是“unlucky”。 When： Where： Who： What： Why： How： 参考思路
大学英语四级作文5篇范文
1. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Private Tutoring Private tutoring is “in”. A recent investigation shows that about 80 percent of pupils have private tutors. While private tutoring has both advantages and disadvantages, I feel that we should give more thoughts to its negative effects. Such a popular practice clearly indicates that people are attaching greater importance to education. Many parents either missed the chance of obtaining a good education themselves or have been too busy with their own business. When their children meet with difficulties in study, they are helpless. Private tutoring seems to be the only solution. As private tutoring is usually given on the one-to-one basis, the teacher knows the strong points as well as the weak points of the pupil; and teaching is, in most cases, directly to the point. Private tutoring benefits a lot of pupils, indeed. While on the other hand, private tutoring has its own disadvantages. For one thing, it takes up so much of the pupil’s time that they can hardly find enough time for rest or entertainment, which is essential for kids’ physical and mental health. Besides, some teachers, busy “shuttling” from one family to another, tend to neglect their regular teaching duties. What is more, some teachers are eager to help pupils do well on the test, offering the so-called tips for test-taking instead of helping them acquire
作文范文之大学英语四级作文多少字
作文范文之大学英语四级作文多少字
大学英语四级作文多少字 【篇一：四级考试作文要求及评分标准】 大学英语四级考试作文要求及评分 标准 《大学英语四、六级考试大纲》明确规定：大学英语四级考试写作部分考试时间为30分钟。要求应试者写出一篇不少于120个词的短文；写作命题源于日常生活和有关科技、社会文化等方面的一般常识，不涉及知识面过广、专业性太强的内容。其命题方式有：给出题目、或规定情景、或给出段首句续写、或给出关键词写短文、或看图作文。要求内容切题，文理通顺，表示正确，语篇连贯，无重大语言错误。 大学英语四级作文采用总体评 分(global scoring)方法，阅卷人员从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。要考虑作文是否切题，是否充分表示思想，也要考虑所用语言（英语）是否能清楚而明确地表示思想。阅卷人员根据思想内容和语言表示的总体印象给出奖励分(reward scores)，而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。 现在的大学英语四级考试是710分制，作文部分占15%，满分标准分为106分。阅卷时，作文部分满分为15分，阅卷标准分为5等：2分、5分、8分、11分和14分。 具体评分标准如下： 2分――条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。
5分――基本切题，表示思想不够清楚，连贯性差，有较多的严重错误。8分――基本切题，有些地方表示思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯，语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。11分――切题，表示思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。 14分――切题，表示思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯较好，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。 另有各档次标准样卷，阅卷人员参照样卷对考生的作文进行评分，首 先看考生的作文和哪个档次的样卷接近，然后上下浮动1分。字数不足应酌情扣分：110――119词：扣1分；100――109词：扣2分；90――99词：扣3分；80――89词：扣4分；70――79词：扣5分；60――69词：扣6分；50――59词：扣7分；50字以下，扣9分。 只写一段者：0-4分，只写两段者：0-9分（指规定三段的作文）。 白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表示思想的，判为0分。 孙子云：“知己知彼，百战不殆”。想在写作考试中获得成功，就必须首 先了解四级考试的要求和评分规则。下面以一篇题目为“do lucky numbers really bring good luck?”的作文为例来讲述几个最基本的道理。 【篇二：大学英语四级作文】 大学英语四级作文 1．why it is difficult ron college students to find jobs?(大学生求职为何难?)
专题02 观点与建议-2021年高考英语应用文写作必备素材与核心句式集锦
2021年高考英语应用文写作必备素材与核心句式集锦02 观点与建议 【真题再现1】 （2020年，天津卷，第二次高考）假设你是晨光中学高三学生李津。你校于6月8日举办了成人礼活动，你的英国朋友Chris很想了解该活动。你于当晚给Chris回一封电子邮件，介绍关情况，内容包括: (1)成人礼活动内容(成长点滴回顾、观看校友抗疫事边录像)； (2)对活动的感受； (3)对自己未来的展望。 注意: (1)词数不少于100； (2)可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行方连贯； (3)开头已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇:成人礼the coming-of age ceremony 新冠脑炎COVID-F9 Dear Chris, I’m so glad to hear from you. _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Jin [参考范文]
Dear Chris, I am so glad to hear from you. The coming-of-age ceremony was held in our school on June 8th this month. During the coming-of-age ceremony, the headmaster congratulated us on stepping into the adult, reviewing the growth period that we had experienced. After that, we all watched the video of alumnus fighting against the epidemic. Through the activity, what I felt is that I am able to shoulder the responsibility and make us stronger and more determined. When faced with the difficulties and failures, I must overcome them. In the future, I will be a good doctor to heal the wounded and rescue the dying, devoting myself to my work. Best wishes！ Yours, Li Jin [写作分析] 这是一篇应用文，要求写一封信。 第一步:审题。审题的目的是获取重要信息。通过审题我们可以确定几个方面的信息。第一，假如你是晨光中学的李津。你校于6月8号举办了成人礼活动，你的英国朋友Chris 很想了解该活动。你于当晚给Chris 回一封电子邮件，介绍相关情况，内容包括:(1)成人礼活动内容(成长点滴回顾，观看校友抗疫事迹录像等)2. 对活动的感受。3. 对自己未来的展望。第二，人称为第一人称。第三，时态为一般现在时，一般过去时和一般将来时。 第二步:布局段落，确定主要段落，次要段落，段落数量。这篇写作段落数量为三段。第一段:成人礼活动内容(成长点滴回顾，观看校友抗疫事迹录像等)。第二段:对活动的感受；对自己未来的展望。第三段，表达期望。 第三步:确定关键词汇和短语:congratulate sb on sth., be faced with, heal the wounded and rescue the dying, devote oneself to doing sth.； 第四步:确定较为高级的句子:that引导的定语从句和现在分词作状语During the
【最新文档】扩展英语段落写作的方法介绍word版本 (4页)
本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！ == 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ == 扩展英语段落写作的方法介绍 1 举例法(examples) 举例就是用具体生动的事例来阐述作者的观点和见解的一种最简捷、最有 效的方法。也就是说，它用具体的事例来阐述主题句中的主导思想。用具体的 事例来扩展主题句是最常用的写作方法之一。它不仅使文章通俗易懂，而且还 给读者留下深刻印象，使文章更具有说服力。在选择例证时要选择最能支持你 的观点，最有说服力的句子。例子的多少主要由文章的长短而定。 [例] Sports and games do a lot of good to our health. They can make usstrong, prevent us from getting too fat, and keep us healthy. Especiallythey can be of great value to people who work with their brains most ofthe day, for sports and games give people valuable practice in exercisingthe body. 例子中的第一句是主题句，即sports and games do a lot of good toour health.在此主题句中的主导思想是a lot of good.以下事例都是来进 一步阐述主题中的主导思想的，即用具体事实来支持主题句中的观点。 2 定义法(definition) 这了避免混乱和误解，写作时应对读者不熟悉或有多种解释的单词、术语、概念下定义;所以定义法是文章写作中常见的一种方法。定义法主要以下几种方法： 2.1 运用同义词或词组来解释某一术语或新词。例如： To mend means to repair. 2.2 用含有定语从句的句子为术语下定义。以定语从句下定义是最普遍的 手段。这种手段一般包括三个组成部分：A 术语(term);B 术语所属的类别(class);C 该术语与同类别其它事物的区别(difference).这种句子定义法的句型如下： Term(术语)=its general class(基本属类)+ how it is different 例如：
大学英语四级写作技巧简介.doc
大学英语四级写作技巧简介 大学英语四级写作技巧简介 之一——文章结构 英文写作一直是学生们的弱项，四级考试将近，大家都很担心写作问题，在此我先简单介绍一下文章的结构问题，以后再谈其他方面。 四级写作一般以三段式展开，题目要求中通常包含三个要点，每个要点为一段（记住，一定要分段），第一段提出问题，第二段分析问题，第三段解决问题。以历年的真题为例，2006年12月的题目为spring festival gala on cctv，要求：1。许多人喜欢看春节晚会；2。但有些人提出取消春节晚会；3。我的看法。“喜欢看春节晚会”是正常现象，应该作为问题的开端进行简短介绍，“有些人提出取消春节晚会”才是重点，必须给出相应的篇幅做详细阐述。最后表明我的观点，其实就是问作者的态度及解决这个矛盾的方法。又如2006年6月的题目：an announcement for a voluntary program, 要求：1。校学生会组织一次暑假志愿活动现招募志愿者；2。本次志愿活动的目的、内容及安排；3。报名条件和联系方式。这仍是三段式的结构，第一段提出问题——告之大家会举办一次暑假志愿活动，第二段描述问题——介绍志愿活动的相关信息，第三段解决问题
——怎样加入志愿活动（报名信息）。往年还考过写简历，写演讲稿，论述社会现象等题目，总是跳不出三段式，因此学生们必须掌握如何写三段式作文。 总的来说有三点要注意：1。开篇就得点题。文章字数有限，必须采取开门见山的方法，但开篇点题并不是说第一段第一句话就得提出问题，在这之前可以有所修饰，有导入的成分，但不要太长，一般第三句就得清楚、突出地把问题点出来。2。中间段阐述必须清楚。中间段是全文的核心部分，要做到阐述清楚，论证充分，要有一致性、连贯性和条理性。一般由主题句和扩展句组成，主题句是观点的高度浓缩，应该言简意赅；扩展句是对主题句的详细阐述，应该做到理由充分，内容一致。3。结尾段进行总结，并提出解决问题的方法。最后的总结在观点上可以重申但不可以重复，另外结尾一定要有所升华，不能仍停留在对问题的描述上，既然存在问题，就必须想办法解决。 至于如何开端、如何论述、如何结尾的问题，大家敬请期待下一回吧！当然我不会让大家久等的:) 写作能力无法一口气提高，大家必须在平时勤修苦练。 之二——突出主题 well begun is a half done，如何开头是值得注意的问题，它能确定
大学英语四级作文万能经典句子必背
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高中英语作文 好句好段 素材
一学校生活 School life 好句 1、Insofar as students are concerned, study is not everything; but it is a major task and need to them. 2、Nothing is important than to receive education. 3、Work while you work and play while you play, this is the way to be happy and gay. 4、We wish to have more such wonderful time in our school. Our life should be filled with joy. 5、Not only I but also my classmates don’t like taking exams. 6、So precious is time that we can’t afford to waste it. 7、 We are going to have an English-speaking contest for senior students so as to improve our oral English. 8、It has been decided that all the techers and students in our school will have a meeting on June 5th. 9、The whole school were busy preparing for the May Day celebrations. 10、Reading does good to our mind. 11、Autumn is a season of harvest. 好段
大学英语四级考试作文范文(已编辑)
目录 1.Should We Help Strangers? 2.Don’t Rely Too Much on Computers https://www.360docs.net/doc/0d9407782.html, Talent Show 4.Killing Time Indoors 5.Restrict Mobile Phone in Library 6.My Opinion on Micro-blog 7.Celebrities as Products’ Spokespersons 8.Spam Message 9.Internet Slang 10.How to Relieve Stress 11.Is Military Training Necessary Now 12.Whom Do You Turn to When in Trouble? 13.On Self-employment of College Graduates 14.Text Messages on TV Shows 15.Attending Your Classes Regularly 16. A Brief Introduction to the University 17. A Letter to a Friend 18.Student Consultant to the Dean Wanted 19. A Letter of Thanks 20.ＡLetter of Job Application 21.How to Succeed in Passing CET-4?
22.Protect Non-Material Cultural Heritage 23.Suspend Schooling to Work 24.Registering Online with Real Names 25.Create a Conservation-Oriented Campus 26.Should Chinese Athletes Serve Overseas？ 27.Low-carbon Lifestyle 28.The Real-name Train Ticket System Launched 29.On Vegetarian 30.Should We Resume The Traditional Chinese Characters? 31.Principals Recommending Students to PKU 32.On Professional Ethics of Doctors 33.Should We Trace and Reclaim Cultural Relics Lost Overseas? 34.Should Enterprises Hold an Annual Meeting? 35.Should Universities Lower Admission Requirements for Celebrities 36.Does Technology Widen the Gap between the Poor and Rich? 37.On Lottery 38.Dialects in Movies and TV Series 39.Should Parents Read Their Children’s Diaries?
英语作文之段落写作
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英语段落写作模版
一般开头段： I．……has both advantages and disadvantages． Obviously television has both advantages and disadvantages． Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages． Compared with cars，bikes have their advantages and disadvantages． Although computers bring people a lot of convenience，they have many disadvantages． ．．．．has many advantages．For example，．．．However，just as every coin has two sides，．．．has its disadvantages． II．……play（s）an important role ／part in．．． Computers play an important role in science and technology． Computers play a more and more important role in our life． Computers play an increasingly important role in our studies． Education plays an important part in developing our mind． Addiction to alcohol and drugs play a role in homelessness． Advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life． In the past，letters played a decisive role in long-distance communication．But now ，telephone，email，fax have taken their place． III．With the development of．．．， With the development of our economy，m any Chinese families can afford a car． With the development of our economy and society，pollution is more and more serious． With the rapid development of science and technology，people can get a college degree by taking online-courses at home． With the current social and technological developments，employees with more knowledge and higher academic degrees are needed． With the rapid increase of China\'s population，housing problem is becoming more and more serious． With more and more women entering society，people\'s attitude towards women is changing． With the deepening of Chinese reform and opening up，an increasing number of Chinese families can afford a car．（“越来越多”除了常用的more and more外，还可以用an increasing number of，a growing number of，a significant number of，a great number of等） IV．When it comes to．．．，some people think ／believe that．．．，others argue ／claim that opposite ／reverse is true．There is probably some truth in both arguments ／statements，but．．． TV，a good thing or bad thing When it comes to TV，some people believe that it is extremely valuable，as it provides relaxation，entertainment and education．Others argue that it is harmful for it begins to control our lives and deprives people of time to do other activities．There is probably some truth in both sides．But we must realize that television itself is neither good or bad．It is the uses to which it is put that determines its value to society．
大学英语四级考试作文模板
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Nowadays，there are more and more XX in some big cities．It is estimated that (1). Why have there been so many XX? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows．The first one is that (2)．Besides，(3)．The third reason is (4)．To sum up，the main cause of XX is due to (5)． It is high time that something were done upon it．For one thing, (6)．On the other hand, (7)．All these measures will certainly reduce the number of XX. 注释:l (1) 用具体数据说明XX现象I (2) 原因一 (3) 原因二 (4) 原因三 (5) 指出主要原因 (6) 解决建议一 (7) 解决建议二
大学英语四级作文范文30篇
范例一 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Attend Your Classes Regularly。You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese. 1. 现在大学校园里，迟到、早退、旷课是常见的现象 2. 保证学生的出勤率对大学教育的重要性 3. 作为一个大学生应该怎样做 Attend Your Classes Regularly Nowadays it is a very common phenomenon that some university students are late for or even absent from classes. And still there are some students who slip out of the classroom before the class is over. Class attendance has become a thorny problem to both the students and teachers. In fact, it is very important for the students to attend their classes regularly. First, it will ensure you to catch up with the teachers in your learning. That is very helpful to you if you want to do a good job in your study. Second, attending classes regularly is a way of showing respect to your teachers ,too. Your teachers will feel bad if the students do not attend their classes, which, in turn, will affect their teaching and be no good for the students. Third, attending classes regularly will help to form a good habit of punctuality, which is of great importance for the students to do a good job in the future. Therefore, we university students should form the good habit of attending our classes regularly from now on. And some day we’ll benefit from it. 点评：2008年元月三日，中山大学博士发帖称遭导师虐待；2008年元月四日，中国政法大学爆“杨帆门”事件；近几年，中小学老师或打学生或猥亵学生、体罚学生等各类新闻不断曝光，进而引发了师生关系的大讨论。本范例题为四级考试传统的问题解决型的写作，与校园生活密切相关。 范例二 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Students’ Rating of Their Teachers。You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese. 1. 学生给老师打分已经普遍 2. 人们对其持不同态度 3. 我的看法 Students’ Rating of Their Teachers Nowadays, it has become as common in colleges and universities for students to grade teachers as for teachers to grade students. In some universities students’ rating has even become the only source of information on teaching effectiveness.. This, however, has caused great controversy. Some are in favor of the rating system, They hold that since students attend the teachers’ classes every day, they should have their opinion