培根《论家庭、论教育》中文翻译
论教育（爱因斯坦）
论教育（爱因斯坦）作者简介：阿尔伯特.爱因斯坦（Albert Einstein1879--1955）。
生于德国，后入瑞士籍，终入籍美国。
曾任柏林大学、普林斯顿大学等校教授。
1922年获诺贝尔物理学奖。
题解：傅雷在家书中教导傅聪：首先要成为一个人，其次是成为一个艺术家，最后才是成为一个钢琴家。
爱因斯坦的伟大，就在于他不仅仅只是一个物理学家、一个科学家，更在于他是一个具有崇高人格的人。
而他再三寄希望于青年一代的，也正是使我们成为“一个和谐发展的人”。
下面三段文字，分别选自他的《培养独立思考的教育》、《论教育》与《教师和学生》。
一用专业知识教育人是不够的。
通过专业教育，他可以成为一种有用的机器，但是不能成为一个和谐发展的人。
要使学生对价值有所理解并且产生热烈的感情，那时最基本的。
他必须获得对美和道德上的善恶鲜明的辨别力。
否则，他——连同他的专业知识——就更像一只受过很好训练的狗，而不像一个和谐发展的人。
为了获得对别人和对集体的适当关系，他必须学习去了解人们的动机、他们的幻想和他们的疾苦。
这些宝贵的东西，是通过同教育者亲身接触，而不是——至少主要的不是——通过教科书传授给青年一代的。
本来构成文化和保存文化的正是这个。
当我把“人文学科”（the humanities）作为重要的东西推荐给大家的时候，我心里想的就是这个，而不是历史和哲学领域里十分枯燥的专门知识。
过分强调竞争制度，以及依据直接用途而过早专门化，这就会扼杀包括专业知识在内的一切文化生活所依存的那种精神。
使青年人发展批判的独立思考，对于有价值的教育也是生命攸关的，由于太多和太杂的学科（学分制）造成的青年人的过重负担，大大地危害了这种独立思考的发展。
负担过重必导致肤浅。
教育应当使所提供的东西让学生作为一种宝贵的礼物来领受，而不是作为一种艰苦的任务要他去负担。
二在每项成绩背后都有着一种推动力，它是成绩的基础，反过来，这种推动力也通过任务的完成而得到加强和滋养。
弗朗西斯·培根
弗朗西斯·培根弗朗西斯·培根，第一代圣阿尔本子爵（1st Viscount St Alban），英国文艺复兴时期最重要的散文家、哲学家。
他不但在文学、哲学上多有建树，在自然科学领域里，也取得了重大成就。
培根是一位经历了诸多磨难的贵族子弟，复杂多变的生活经历丰富了他的阅历，随之而来的，他的思想成熟，言论深邃，富含哲理。
他的整个世界观是现世的而不是宗教的（虽然他坚信上帝）。
他是一位理性主义者而不是迷信的崇拜者，是一位经验论者而不是诡辩学者；在政治上，他是一位现实主义者而不是理论家。
他曾说过：“知识就是力量。
”英国文艺复兴时期哲学家培根唯物主义第一人更多培根的最大哲学贡献在于，提出了唯物主义经验论的一系列原则，制定了系统的归纳逻辑，马克思、恩格斯称他是“英国唯物主义的第一个创始人”。
政治生涯的结束更多培根作为法官当面接受诉讼当事人4万英镑，被政敌揭发赶下台，被判有期徒刑，关押在伦敦塔，终身不得担任任何公职，政治生涯结束。
相关词条：伊丽莎白一世詹姆士一世培根随笔中文名弗朗西斯·培根外文名Francis Bacon国籍英国出生日期1561年1月22日（辛酉年）逝世日期1626年4月9日（甲子年）职业唯物主义哲学家、思想家、作家（散文家）信仰新教安立甘宗代表作品《新工具》、《学术的进步》、《新大西岛》《培根随笔》目录1生平经历2个人著作3人物思想▪归纳方法▪唯物主义▪科学态度▪逻辑学▪哲学贡献4人物影响5人物评价6个人荣誉1生平经历弗朗西斯·培根（Francis Bacon，1561 - 1626）在1561年出生于伦敦一个官宦世家，父亲尼古拉·培根是伊丽莎白女王的掌玺大臣，曾在剑桥大学攻读法律，他思想倾向进步，信奉英国国教，反对教皇干涉英国内政；母亲安妮·培根是一位颇有名气的才女，她精通希腊文和拉丁文，是加尔文教派的信徒。
良好的家庭教育使培根各方面都表现出异乎寻常的才智。
经典散文翻译：培根《论婚姻与独身》
经典散文翻译：培根《论婚姻与独身》经典散文翻译：培根《论婚姻与独身》培根《论婚姻与独身》HE THAT hath wife and children hath given hostages to fortune; for they are impediments to great enterprises, either of virtue or mischief. Certainly the best works, and of greatest merit for the public, have proceeded from the unmarried or childless men; which both in affection and means, have married and endowed the public. Yet it were great reason that those that have children, should have greatest care of future times; unto which they know they must transmit their dearest pledges.成了家的人，可以说对命运之神付出了抵押品。
因为家庭难免拖累事业，而无论这种事业的性质如何。
所以是能为公众献身人，应当是不被家室所累的人。
因为只有这种人，才能够把他的全部情和财产，都奉献给唯一的情人——公众。
而那种有家室的人，恐怕宁愿把最好的东西留给自己的后代。
Some there are, who though they lead a single life, yet their thoughts do end with themselves, and account future times impertinences. Nay, there are some other, that account wife and children, but as bills of charges. Nay more, there are some foolish rich covetous men, that take a pride, in having no children, because they may be thought so much the richer. For perhaps they have heard some talk, Such an one is a great rich man, and another except to it, Yea, but he hath a great charge of children; as if it were an abatement to his riches. But the most ordinary cause of a single life, is liberty, especially in certain self-pleasing and humorous minds, which are so sensible of every restraint, as they will go near to think their girdles and garters, to be bonds and shackles.有的人在结婚后仍然愿意过独身。
(完整版)培根的《论学习》中英文对照
Of StudiesFrancis Bacon论学习弗朗西斯·培根王佐良译Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in thejudgment and disposition of business. For expert and execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best form those that are learned.To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humour of a scholar.They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need proyning by study; and studies themselves do give forthdirections too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience.Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation.Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider.Some books are to be tasted, others to beswallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but notcuriously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention.Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。
文学_《培根随笔》读书笔记
《培根随笔》读书笔记《培根随笔》读书笔记1在《培根随笔集》这本书语言简洁，短短的一小篇就可以让人受益匪浅，最适合我这种不喜欢读长篇大论而又想得到多点东西的人看了。
即使在多元化的社会生活中，自己没有钱，没有权，只要有文化，有能力，有健康，遭点厄运也无妨。
因为厄运当中也蕴含着一份让人亢奋的幸福啊！培根的话语既使人们开阔了眼界，也能使人们顿悟我觉得这本书就是要细细品尝，慢慢消化的茶。
要读透了才能知道，其中的道理，要喝到最后了，才可以尝到甜头。
虽然这只是一本随笔集！但是好比一本史书、诗、数学、物理、伦理、逻辑推理般让你明智、灵透、精细、精细、庄重、善辩。
《培根随笔》读书笔记2培根，这个名字对人们来说，并不陌生。
至少，人们都知道他掷地有力的名言：”知识就是力量“。
《培根随笔》中记录了培根对人生的思考，分为《论美》、《论善与性善》、《论真理》、《论家庭》、《论友谊》等多篇随笔。
在《谈美》中，培根向我们揭示了外貌美不如德行美。
”美者犹如夏日蔬果，易腐难存“，外貌美容易逝去，古今以来，有多少美人因青春不再而人老色衰?而”德行犹如宝石，朴素最美“，德行之美不仅朴素，并且不易逝去。
正如宝石，历经千百年不被埋没，依然光彩照人。
在《论拖延》中，培根谈论了拖延与机会，拖延与危险的关系”‘机会先把其前额头发让你抓，如果你不及时抓住，就给个光头让你抓。
’“因为拖延而错失机会并不少见。
秦国在与赵国进行长平之战后，秦国坑杀了四十万赵军降卒。
如果这时秦军挥师直取邯郸，赵军主力尽丧，赵国亡国是必然的，秦国一统天下就会提前。
然而秦军并没有。
因为拖延，秦国统一的大业就被延后。
”危险一度看来无足轻重，并非真就无足轻重“。
就像蔡桓公的病，先是在纹理，然后在肌肤，发展到肠胃，又深入骨髓。
这时，就连神医扁鹊都无力回天。
危险的可怕之处就在于人们察觉不出它的可怕。
培根建议我们把大行动的开端”交由百眼巨人阿尔戈斯照管“，把结束”交由百手巨人布里阿柔斯照管“，告诉了我们要当机立断，迅速行动。
译作赏析培根论婚姻
Of Marriage and Single LifeFrancis BaconHe that hath wife and children hath given hostages to fortune; for they are impediments to great enterprises, either of virtue or mischief. Certainly the best works, and of greatest merit for the public, have proceeded from the unmarried or childless men; which both in affection and means, have married and endowed the public. Yet it were great reason that those that have children, should have greatest care of future times; unto which they know they must transmit their dearest pledges.Some there are, who though they lead a single life, yet their thoughts do end with themselves, and account future times impertinences. Nay, there are some other, that account wife and children, but as bills of charges. Nay more, there are some foolish rich covetous men that take a pride, in having no children, because they may be thought so much the richer. For perhaps they have heard some talk, “Such an one is a great rich man”, and another except to it, “Yea, but he hath a great charge of children”; as if it were an abatement to his riches. But the most ordinary cause of a single life, is liberty, especially in certain self-pleasing and humorous minds, which are so sensible of every restraint, as they will go near to think their girdles and garters, to be bonds and shackles. Unmarried men are best friends, best masters, best servants; but not always best subjects; for they are light to run away; and almost all fugitives, are of that condition.A single life doth well with churchmen; for charity will hardly water the ground, where it must first fill a pool. It is indifferent for judges and magistrates; for if they be facile and corrupt, you shall have a servant, five times worse than a wife. For soldiers, I find the generals commonly in their hortatives, put men in mind of their wives and children; and I think the despising of marriage amongst the Turks, maketh the vulgar soldier more base.Certainly wife and children are a kind of discipline of humanity; and single men, though they may be many times more charitable, because their means are less exhaust, yet, on the other side, they are more cruel and hardhearted (good to make severe inquisitors), because their tenderness is not so oft called upon. Grave natures, led by custom, and therefore constant, are commonly loving husbands, as was said of Ulysses, vetulam suam praetulit immortalitati.Chaste women are often proud and froward, as presuming upon the merit of their chastity. It is one of the best bonds, both of chastity and obedience, in the wife, if she think her husband wise; which she will never do, if she find him jealous. Wives are young men's mistresses; companions for middle age; and old men's nurses. So as a man may have a quarrel to marry, when he will.But yet he was reputed one of the wise men, that made answer to the question, when a man should marry, - A young man not yet, an elder man not at all. It is often seen that bad husbands, have very good wives; whether it be, that it raiseth the price of their husband's kindness, when it comes; or that the wives take a pride in their patience. But this never fails, if the bad husbands were of their own choosing, against their friends consent; for then they will be sure to make good their own folly. 论结婚与独身（水天同译）有妻与子的人已经向命运之神交了抵押品了；因为妻与子是大事底阻挠物，无论是大善举或大恶行。
(完整版)培根的《论学习》中英文对照
(完整版)培根的《论学习》中英文对照培根的《论学习》中英文对照Francis Bacon's "Of Studies" 中英文对照Introduction 引言In his essay "Of Studies," Francis Bacon discusses the importance and benefits of studying. Bacon emphasizes the various ways in which study can enhance one's life and character. This essay presents a comparison between the original English version and its Chinese translation. The aim is to explore how the author's ideas and arguments are effectively conveyed in both languages. While the content may differ slightly due to translation, the essence of Bacon's insights remain intact.第一部分：关于学习的价值 Part 1: The Value of StudiesOriginal (English) 原文（英文）：Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business... Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse, but to weigh and consider... Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested...Translation (Chinese) 翻译（中文）：学习的价值在于获得欢乐、装饰人生和增长能力。
经典散文翻译赏析：培根《论婚姻与独身》
husbands, as was said of Ulysses, vetulam suam praetulit immortalitati. 对家庭的责任心不仅是人类的一种约束，也是一种训练。那种独身的人，虽然在用起来
似很慷慨，但实际上往往是心肠很硬的，因为他们不懂得对他人的爱。 一种好的风俗，能 教化出情感坚贞的男子汉，例如像优里西斯（Ulysses)那样，他曾抵制美丽女神的诱惑，而 保持了对妻子的忠贞。
成了家的人，可以说对命运之神付出了抵押品。因为家庭难免拖累事业，而无论这种事 业的性质如何。所以是能为公众献身人，应当是不被家室所累的人。因为只有这种人，才 能够把他的全部爱情和财产，都奉献给唯一的情人公众。而那种有家室的人，恐怕宁愿把 最好的东西留给自己的后代。
Some there are, who though they lead a single life, yet their thoughts do end with themselves, and account future times impertinences. Nay, there are some other, that account wife and children, but as bills of charges. Nay more, there are some foolish rich covetous men, that take a pride, in having no children, because they may be thought so much the richer. For perhaps they have heard some talk, Such an one is a great rich man, and another except to it, Yea, but he hath a great charge of children; as if it were an abatement to his riches. But the most ordinary cause of a single life, is liberty, especially in certain self-pleasing and humorous minds, which are so sensible of every restraint, as they will go near to think their girdles and garters, to be bonds and shackles.
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在子女面前，父母要善于隐藏他们的一切快乐、烦恼与恐惧。
他们的快乐无须说，而他们的烦恼与恐惧则不能说。
子女使他们的劳苦变甜，但也使他们的不幸更苦。
子女增加了他们的负担，但却减轻了他们对死的恐惧。
一切生物都能通过生殖留下后代，但只有人类能通过后代下美名、事业和德行。
然而，为什么有的没有留下后代者却留下了流芳百世的功业？因为他们虽然未能复制一种肉体，却全力以赴地复制了一种精神。
因此这种无后继的人其实倒是最关心后事的人。
创业者对子女期望最大，因为子女被他们看作不但是族类的继承者，又是所创事业的一部分。
作为父母，特别是母亲，对子女常常会有不合理的偏爱。
所罗门曾告诫人们：“智慧之子使父亲快乐，愚昧之子使母亲蒙羞。
”在家庭中，最大或最小的孩子都可能得到优遇。
唯有居中的子女容易受到忘却，但他们却往往是最有出息的。
在子女小时不应对他们过于苛吝。
否则会使他们变得卑贱，甚至投机取巧，以至堕入下流，即使后来有了财富时也不会正当利用。
聪明的父母对子女在管理上是严格的，而在用钱上不妨略宽松，这常常是有好效果的。
作为成年人，绝不应在一家的兄弟之间挑动竞争，以至积隙成仇，使兄弟间直到成年，依然不和。
意大利风俗对子女和侄一视同仁，亲密无间。
这是很可取的。
因为这种风俗很合于自然的血统关系。
许多侄子不是更像他的一位叔、伯，而不象父亲吗？
在子女还小时，父母就应当考虑他们将来的职业方向并加以培养，因为这时他们最易塑造。
但在这一点上要注意，并不是孩子小时候所喜欢的，也就是他们终生所愿从事的。
如果孩子确有某种超群的天才，那当然应该扶植发展。
但就一般情况说，下面这句格言是很有用的：“长期的训练会通过适应化难为易。
”还应当注意，子女中那种得不到遗产继承权的幼子，常常会通过自身的奋斗获得好的发展。
而坐享其成者，却很少能成大业.
读书可以作为消遣，可以作为装饰，也可以增长才干。
孤独寂寞时，阅读可以消遣。
高谈阔论时，知识可供装饰。
处世行事时，知识意味着才干。
练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹、全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。
读书太慢的人驰惰，为装潢而读书是欺人，完全按照书本做事就是呆子。
求知可以改进人性，而经验又可以改进知识本身。
人的天性犹如野生的花草，求知学习好比修剪移栽。
学问虽能指引方向，但往往流于浅泛，必须依靠经验才能扎下根基
有的书可以请人代读，然后看他的笔记摘要就行了。
但这只应限于不太重要的议论和质量粗劣的书。
否则一本书将像已被蒸馏过的水，变得淡而无味了。
读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩：凡有所学，皆成性格。
人之才智但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书使之顺畅. 例如打球有利于腰背，射箭可扩胸利肺，散步则有助于消化，骑术使人反应敏捷，等等。
同样道理，一个思维不集中的人，他可以研习数学，因为数学稍不仔细就会出错。
缺乏分析判断的人，他可以研习而上学，因为这门学问最讲究细琐的辩证。
不善于推理的人，可以研习法律案例。
如此等等。
这种心灵上的缺陷，都可以通过学习而得到改善。