The influcence of religion on the American
Religion_in_the_United_States
8
Puritan
Religion in the United States
9
Baptist
Biblical authority B Autonomy of the local church A
Religion in the United States
Priesthood of the believer P
February 05, 1631, Roger Williams arrived in North America and created the firstPenn, Baptist America. the August 30, 1682, William a church Quakerin established colony of Pennsylvania. July 08, 1741, Jonathan Edwards preached his classic sermon, 'Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God,' a key step in the beginning of New England's Great Awakening.
18
The Jews brought new ideas about God
The Jewish idea of God is particularly important to the world because it was the Jews who developed two new ideas about Gods: There is only one God God chooses to behave in a way that is both just and fair. Before Judaism, people believed in lots of gods, and those gods behaved no better than human beings with supernatural powers. The Jews found themselves with a God who was ethical and good.
历年考研英语大作文题
历年考研英语大作文题1. The Impact of Social Media on YouthIn recent years, social media has become an integral part of our daily lives. This essay will explore how social media impacts the youth, focusing on both the positive and negative aspects. It will discuss the benefits such as increased connectivity and access to information, as well as the drawbacks like cyberbullying and the potential for addiction.2. The Role of Technology in EducationThe integration of technology in education has been a hot topic for discussion. This essay will examine the role of technology in enhancing learning experiences, including the use of e-books, online courses, and interactive learning tools. It will also consider the challenges faced, such as the digital divide and the need for teacher training.3. The Importance of Environmental ProtectionEnvironmental issues have become a global concern. This essay will delve into the importance of environmental protection, highlighting the consequences of pollution and climate change. It will also discuss the measures that individuals and governments can take to protect the environment, such as reducing carbon footprints and promoting sustainable practices.4. The Influence of Cultural ExchangeCultural exchange has the power to bridge gaps betweennations. This essay will discuss the influence of cultural exchange on society, including the benefits of understanding different cultures and the challenges of preserving cultural identity in a globalized world.5. The Challenges of Aging PopulationThe aging population is a significant issue in many countries. This essay will address the challenges posed by an aging population, such as healthcare needs and socialsecurity systems. It will also explore potential solutions, including promoting active aging and encouraging intergenerational cooperation.6. The Ethics of Genetic EngineeringGenetic engineering has opened up new possibilities for medicine and agriculture. This essay will discuss the ethical considerations surrounding genetic engineering, including the potential benefits for human health and the environment, as well as the risks of creating genetically modified organisms.7. The Benefits of Physical ExercisePhysical exercise is crucial for maintaining good health. This essay will explore the benefits of physical exercise, such as improved cardiovascular health, mental well-being,and weight management. It will also discuss the importance of promoting physical activity in society.8. The Impact of Urbanization on SocietyUrbanization has transformed the way we live and work.This essay will examine the impact of urbanization on society, including the growth of mega-cities, the challenges of urbanliving, and the potential for sustainable urban development.9. The Value of VolunteeringVolunteering is a way to give back to the community. This essay will discuss the value of volunteering, including the personal benefits for volunteers and the positive impact on society. It will also explore the different forms of volunteering and the importance of encouraging volunteerism.10. The Evolution of CommunicationThe way we communicate has evolved significantly with the advent of new technologies. This essay will explore the evolution of communication, from traditional methods to digital platforms. It will discuss the impact of these changes on interpersonal relationships and the importance of effective communication in the modern world.。
美国移民文化
美国移民文化外国语学院英语系学年论文摘要美国文化的主要内容强调的是追求民主自曲，崇尚开拓竞争，讲究理性和实用，尤其强调的是个人的价值。
总所周知，美国是一个移民国家，他的祖先来自世界各地。
美国文化的形成就与这些移民有着密切的关系。
这些来自世界各地的移民带着自己的文化传统来到北美这片沃土。
各种文化的交融和北美的生活的叠加创造了美国独特的移民文化，而早期的移民文化为当今美国主流文化的形成奠定了坚实的基础。
本文将主要讨论美国早期移民文化的形成、内涵及特征。
关键词:美国文化;移民;移民文化；I外国语学院英语系学年论文AbstractThe main contents of American culture emphasize the pursuit of freedom and democracy, the advocating of pioneering and competition, and pay attention to the ration and practice, especially stress on individual value. As we know, unlike most other countries in the world,America is primarily a nation of immigrants; the ancestors of Americans emigrated from many parts of the world ・ The formation of American culture has close relation with these immigrants who have had taken their ownculture to the North America which is a fertile land ・ All kinds of culture blend laid a solid foundation for the formation and development of the main stream of American culture ・ The main contents of this paper will discuss the formation connotation and characteristics of early American immigration culture ・Keywords: American culture; immigrant; immigration cultureII外国语学院英语系学年论文Contents 摘要I 3 3. 1Innovationand Adventurous spirit 3 3・ 4 Equality and Competition 补"4 3・ 3Pragmatism 4 3. 6 Materialism and Money supremacy 沙” 4 3. 7Tolerance ”” 54 The characteristics of America emigration culture 6 4・ 1 The unite of Abstract II Contents ，仆 III 1 Introduction “ 1 2 Backgroundinformation of American emigration culture “ 2 2. 1 Background,,,. 2 2. 2 Waves ofimmigration “ 2 3 The innovation of American emigration culture “Freedom and Independence 沙” 3 3. 2 Corporation ,,,, 3 3. 3 Pioneering,diversityand integration 6 4・2 The coexistence of fusion and conflict 6 0Conclusion 沙” 7 Bibliography 8III外国语学院英语系学年论文1IntroductionThe United States has many groups, including a large variety of ethnic groups coming from different races, nationalities and religions・ People around the world refer to the United States as a "melting pot n . In history, there was a time, peoplefrom different countries in the world rushed to America・ Immigrants brought with them their native cultural, political, and social patterns and attitudes, varied academic and religious backgrounds, as well as their ethnic arts, sports, holidays, festivals, and foods to the United States of America・ These were greatly enriched American life and gradually penetrated into the American culture・ After these immigrants settled down in the northeast part of America, they found the environment there was very rough・But the wise immigrants continued to move to the west and found much richer land・ Finally, they found a land of democracy and a land of freedom・ The immigrants accessed to every part of America and had an impact on society of America as well aschange their inherent way of life・ As a result, these aspects jointly created the unique culture ----- American immigration culture・1外国语学院英语系学年论文2Background information of American emigration culture2. 1 Background"The first Americans n were Indians・ No one knows exactly how and when they got to the place which is now called America・ A lot of scientists think that the first population migration movement to the Americans began about 25, 000 years ago. At that time in order to look forward new hunting or escape from enemies, the tribes of Siberia crossed from Asia on the land bridge which connects Siberia and Alaska to the North America Continent・ Before the discovery of the New World, American Indians had already inhabited there for thousands of years・ They lived on land by hunting, gathering, fishing, and farming・ The second population migration movement to Americans started from the European colonial expansion of early 16th century. In 17th century, English established a permanent resident in North America, which had an influence on their culture and enriched their life・ During this time, the immigrants came not only from England but also Germany, Switzerland, France and other countries・ These people combined together and created the American culture which was a blending of European cultures under new circumstances・2. 2 Waves of immigrationThe first waves of immigration (1680-1880): the protestant migrating to North America descrambled the place to be a paradise which attracted a largenumber of European immigrants・ At the same time, another group was black Africans through black slave which was also called triangle trade・ The second waves of immigration (1900-1920): after the civil war, America entered the massive phrase of industrialization and urbanization. As a result, it needed abundance workers・ Among them, most were from Italian> Hungary> Poland and Russia・ The third waves ofimmigration (1965-): accounting for the bill proposed by America, the immigration came from a wide area and more countries・2外国语学院英语系学年论文3The innovation of American emigration culture3・ 1 Freedom and IndependenceThe reason why the early settlers came to America was that escape from theirreligious persecution and social environment・ Most of them were protestant from England・ In England, they did not accept the doctrine of Church of Scotland, which brought them inconvenience and danger・ Therefore, they pursued freedom and independence not only reflected in religion but also in economy and social life・ After they moved across the ocean to America with all kinds of difficulties, the thoughts that pursuit individual rights and freedom was more firm and strong・ For one thing, they needed a powerful government to maintain peace order and ensure private properties・ For another thing, they pursued freedom and independence which had become their principle and belief to the maximum possible・ Their dream was realized alongwith the publication of the Declaration of Independence and the success of war of Independence・ Personal freedom was the most basic and the most important values・3.2 CorporationAs a country set up from the wilderness, accounting for ample natural resources, there were many opportunities・ However, the tough environment made the immigrants realized that it was hard to one single person to survive and they must combine together to break up fallow ground and build house・Therefore, the spirit of corporation became one of the important values of American immigration culture・3・ 3 Pioneering, Innovation and Adventurous spiritOpportunity is a kind of magic strength that drew people to America・ It not only attracted the noble who wanted to build houses in wild but also carpenter, baker, tailor who could not find job in their hometown・ The most was that attract the poor without land and the homeless・ It gave people a hope that was people could live a better life in America than other places・The desolate natural environment of the North America continent stimulated the immigrants to work harder・ Gradually, the immigrants formed the characteristics of bearing hardships and standing hard work・ And the utilization of the rich resources and development of North America bred America" s pioneering spirit and the spirit of adventure・ A great number of immigrants who were tired about traditional system of culture came to America with rebellious spirit dominated their mind・ Most of them were rarely found in traditional conservative thinking, because the dangerous and wildenvironment forces them to give up part of what had been desirable and traditional in the Old World・ Adventure is the way for them to change their way of3外国语学院英语系学年论文life・ Gradually this adventurous spirit of the American people has become the tradition. They regarded a journey of adventure as the opportunity for their development and life as a journey of adventure to explore the opportunities・ In addition to the law, they thought most of the traditions were the barriers to limit their environment, resulting in being eager for challenge tradition. Americans stressed the spirit of innovation; they believe that the chance exists everywhere・ They are willing to challenge tradition and precedent・ American people would like to accept the new ideas as quickly as they can.3. 4 Equality and CompetitionBecause America was never ruled over by King or Queen, no one hasprivilege inthis New World・ Under the condition of equal opportunity, only one' s ability coulddecide its own wealth・ So the equality and competition are the pursuitof early America immigrants・ In America, with the massive colonial land and scarce labor, each free man had the opportunity to gain financial independence・ Immigrants from continental Europe brought the free thought of the bourgeoisie・ In general, Americans did not envy other person, butpraised and appreciated the millionaire・ They believed the motto: a man* s wealth showed his ability・ In the early history of United States, many immigrants from Europe resided in America because of acquiring more chances of success・ In their original country, one' s success depended on their social background・Compared with American society, there was not eupatrid, and the success totally depended on your own efforts・ Most of the early immigrants in the new world achieved their hope and dreams・ Millions of immigrants succeededin establishing personal beliefs in equality・ With the deep understanding of the American society, they found the equality was the country * s basicbelief・ Admittedly, the equal opportunity topersonal success was very important・ In order to obtain equal chance, everyone had to pay the price・ So, one of the price was equality・3. 5 PragmatismWhen the first group of settlers came to the North America, they foundthe natural environment there was so tough, and they were isolated from the European civilization. In order to adapt themselves to the new circumstances, they became less formal but more pragmatic・ The pragmatism became the philosophy of American. Because the United States had no long and splendid ancient culture, the creation of culture was in the development of North America continent・ To develop this wealthy virgin, it was necessary for immigrants to break all the rules and subject to the solution of practical problems・ In this historical background, the national philosophy of pragmatism was gradually formed in the United States ・They expressed thebelief that usefulness, effectiveness and benefit were the truth・"Under the influence of the philosophy of pragmatism, Americans do not like the formal, abstract philosophy. In the eyes of the Americans, practicality was the truth, success was the truth・3. 6 Materialism and Money supremacyAmerican culture is based on the materia1・ A comfortable standard of living is their goal to pursuit・ They have a sense of superiority to those whose living condition is not4外国语学院英语系学年论文better than them・ When Americans talked about person's value of early immigrants, they mainly referred to material values as the ordinary standard ・ One of the most fundamental reasons for early inimigrants to flood into the United States is that they want to live a better life・ Most of the immigrants were not become rich overnight, having a break life・ However, they promoted their quality of life・ When early immigrants came to this virgin territory, they were surprised by the rich natural resources of North America・ Only work hard is the only way for them to survive in new world・And only by working hard can they realize their dreams・ To some extent material wealth is the rewards or returns of the hard work・ Wealth is one of importantway to prove one' s ability・3・ 7 ToleranceThe United States is a country of immigrants・ Its ancestors were fromall over the world・ When People inimigrated to the United States, they not only shifted in geographical position but also changed the old customs and cultures of their host countries to adapt themselves to a new environment・Because of the obvious differences, people would not pay special attention to uniformity・ Day by day, Americans developed a high degree of cultural tolerance・ They could tolerant different point of view, different customs and different culture・ Politically, the tolerance was the pursuit and protection of freedom・ Religion, it was the coexistence of different beliefs ・ In life, it was the living in peace of many nationalities・ In the United States, each person could choose various ideas, beliefs, and way of life・ To a certain degree, people could keep their own tradition.5外国语学院英语系学年论文4 Thecharacteristics of America emigration culture4.1 The unite of diversity and integrationThe multi-original of immigration determined the diversity of America culture・ Different age, different race and different nation of immigrants in the United States left a mark on the process of American culture development ・ Language is the carrier of culture; a large amountof foreign words of American English reflected the diversity of American culture・ In early North America colonial age, American English absorbed mass words from different immigrant language, among which still in use today. For example, the words (avalanche> prairie、depot、ragout) derived from French・ Thewords (boss> :roster、cookie sleigh> Santa Claus) originated from Dutch・The words(bronco> buckaroo> canyon、mesa、ranch、puma) stemmed from Spanish・At the sametime, there were many words came from Russian, Finnish, Japanese and Chinese・4.2 The coexistence of fusion and conflictThere were diversities in heterogenous culture・ The general characteristics reserved from fusion of nations and culture, which constituted the core of American culture・ On the contrary, differences led to the contradictions between races and cultural conflict・ Because America was made up of racial immigrants, the ethnicity, not political or social, became the main standard to distinguish American. Racial culture and traditional diversities became the main driving force to develop・ But it was easy to produce prejudice, deepen racial discrimination, and caused ethical division. Racial discrimination is the social problems・ The disparaged call to some nations was the best evidence・外国语学院英语系学年论文65 ConclusionThe formation of American immigration culture is closely related with the development of the United States of America・ American immigration culture made a great contribution to the development of the American history. Native America or immigrantsfrom overseas held the same dream of changing their social class and desired to make their life time dream come true through their own efforts・In order to adapt themselves to the new environments, they became lessformal but more pragmatic・ They grew less conservative and more outspoken. Large tracts of virgin soil promoted the development of competition and cultivated a stronger sense for liberty and variety・ The formation of a new nation by people of different national origins forced social life to show more elasticity・ Compromise and tolerance became a necessity・ Religionthus gradually became a private affair・ When the inimigrants came to the American continent, they brought with them their native traditions, customs and living patterns・ The immigrants from all part of the world have greatly enriched American life・ The United States is a melting pot" in which the foreigners have sometimes remained culturally and linguistically what they were in their native lands even as they move toward becoming citizens of the United States, and it is still a country whose people share a commoncultural outlook and set of values which are included in the American immigration cultures・7外国语学院英语系学年论文Bibliography[1[ Hendrik Willem Van Loon. Tolerance, 1925. [2] Alexis de Tocqueville. De la dG mocratie en AmQ rique, 1993. [3_ Baugh, Albert C.A Literary History of England. London： Routledge and K. Paul, 1967. [4] 刘平，刘军.移民美国.中国经济出版社，2009.[5]吴定柏.美国文学大纲.上海外语出版社，2000 [6]李常磊.英美文化惮览.世界图书出版公司，2000. [7]陈朝晖.美国.京华出版社，2001.8外国语学院英语系学年论文摘要美国文化的主要内容强调的是追求民主自由，崇尚开拓竞争，讲究理性和实用，尤其强调的是个人的价值。
孔子对国外的影响英语作文
Confucius's Far-Reaching Impact on ForeignLandsIn the annals of history, few figures have left a more indelible mark on the global cultural landscape than Confucius. His philosophy, rooted in benevolence, righteousness, and wisdom, has transcended geographical boundaries and influenced countless civilizations across the globe. This essay explores the profound influence of Confucius's teachings on foreign countries, highlighting how his principles have shaped societal norms, educational systems, and even political ideologies in various parts of the world.Confucius's philosophy, centered on the concepts of "ren" (benevolence) and "li" (ritual propriety), resonates deeply with people from diverse cultures. The emphasis on harmony, respect, and personal growth has found widespread acceptance in many foreign countries. In East Asia, particularly in countries like Japan, Korea, and Vietnam, Confucian principles have been incorporated into their respective cultural and social fabrics, shaping their ethical systems and social hierarchies.In Japan, for instance, Confucian values have been instrumental in shaping the country's emphasis on loyalty, respect for authority, and the importance of education. These values are reflected in Japanese society, where hierarchy and seniority play significant roles in decision-making and interpersonal relationships. Similarly, in Korea, Confucianism has influenced the strong emphasis on filial piety and respect for elders, which are deeply ingrained in Korean culture.Moreover, Confucius's educational philosophy has had a significant impact on foreign education systems. His belief in the importance of lifelong learning and the equality of educational opportunities has influenced educationalpolicies and practices worldwide. In many countries, Confucian principles have been incorporated into their curricula, promoting a holistic approach to education that emphasizes moral, intellectual, and emotional growth.In the West, Confucius's influence has been more recent but no less significant. Western scholars and thinkers have increasingly turned to Confucian philosophy for insights on ethics, politics, and social organization. The principlesof benevolence and harmony have found resonance in Western societies, particularly in the face of increasing globalization and the need for cross-cultural understanding. In the political realm, Confucian ideas have influenced the development of democratic systems in some countries.The emphasis on collective well-being and the role of the state in promoting social harmony has been a source of inspiration for political theorists and practitioners seeking to create more inclusive and just political systems. Furthermore, Confucius's philosophy has also influenced business ethics and management practices in foreign countries. The principles of integrity, trust, and mutual respect have been adopted by many businesses as the foundation for successful organizational cultures and business relationships.In conclusion, the influence of Confucius on foreign lands is vast and multifaceted. His philosophy has shaped societal norms, educational systems, political ideologies, and business practices in numerous countries around the world. As the world continues to grow more interconnected, the relevance and significance of Confucian principles arelikely to increase, providing valuable insights andguidance for addressing the challenges and opportunities of the modern era.**孔子对国外的影响**在历史的长河中，鲜有人物能像孔子一样在全球文化景观中留下如此不可磨灭的印记。
英文版宗教对人类交往的影响与意义
The impact And significance Of Religious Etiquette论文题目：The Impact And Significance of Religious Etiquette宗教礼仪的重要性及影响学院：外国语学院专业：旅游翻译班级：2011级英语四班学号：0601110227学生姓名：王庆指导教师：任素珍2013年11月The Impact And Significance of Religious EtiquetteByWang QingSupervisor: Ren SuZhenXi’an University of Arts and ScienceOctober 2013AbstractReligion is the product of human’s understanding about the world and themselves. It’s a universal culture phenomenon in the human society in different fields, affects greatly on many aspects of human life.It occurs only when human society reaches into a certain stage.So no doubt religion plays an important role in the communication and connection of all kinds of individuals,peoples or even countries.By clarifying something about the religious etiquette, elaborating the effect of religion towards human in different cultures and the important factors of impeding religious etiquette when people discoursing, this paper aims to point out the impact and significance of religious etiquette, analyzing the factor of influencing people’s religious etiquette . It also discusses how people should behave correctly when meet man who has totally different beliefs .Keywords: religious etiquette; right behavior; connection摘要宗教是人类认识世界和自身的产物。
东北师范大学智慧树知到“英语”《英美文学》网课测试题答案2
东北师范大学智慧树知到“英语”《英美文学》网课测试题答案（图片大小可自由调整）第1卷一.综合考核(共15题)1.With Bellow and Singer as Nobel Prize winners, the status of Jewish Literature as an important part of American Literature has been firmly established.()A.错误B.正确2.The impact of Darwin's evolutionary theory on the American thought and the influence of the nineteenth-century. French literature on the American men of letters gave rise to yet another school of realism: American ____.A.vernacularismB.naturalismC.modernismD.local colorism3.____ has always been regarded as a writer who “perfected the best classic style. that American Literature ever produced”.A.Washington IrvingB.Walt WhitmanC.Henry David ThoreauD.Edgar Ellen Poe4.“My last Duchess” is a poem that best mplifies Robert Browning's ____.A.sensitive ear for the sounds of the English languageB.excellent choice of wordsC.mastering of the metrical devicese of the dramatic monologue5.It is generally regarded that Keats's most important and mature poems are in the of ____.A.odeB.elegyC.epicD.sonnet6.The Jazz Age characterized by frivolity and carelessness is brought vividly to life in The Great Gatsby.()A.正确B.错误7.In Hardy's Tess of D'urbervilles, the heroines tragic ending is due to ____.A.her weak characterB.her ambitionC.Angel Clares selfishnessD.a hostile society8.“This grew: I gave commands; Then all smiles stopped altogether.” (Robert Browning, “My Last Duchess”) The above lines imply that ____.A.the Duchess was killed by her husbandB.the Duchess stopped smiling at her husbands orderC.the Duchess died of laughing too muchD.the Duchess did not want to smile as much as her husband requested9.In Chapter III of Oliver Twist, Oliver is punished for that “impious and profane offence of asking for mor e” . What did Oliver ask for more?A.More time to playB.More money to spendC.More food to eatD.More books to read10.Not on thy sole but on thy soul, harsh Jew, /Thou makst thy knife keen. In the above quotation taken form. The Merchant of Venice, Shakespeare employs a(n) ____ .A.synecdocheB.simileC.punD.oxymoron11.In her works , Amy Tan wrote beautifully about the contrast between Chinese and American cultures.()A.正确B.错误12.The main technique applied to the novel Ulysses by Joyce is symbolism.()A.正确B.错误13.In her works, Amy Tan wrote beautifully about the contrast between Chinese and American cultures.()A.错误B.正确14.Beowulf is a national epic of ____.A.ScandinaviaB.GermanyC.FranceD.England15.Who is the writer that wrote about frontier adventures?____A.IrvingB.CooperC.Melville第2卷一.综合考核(共15题)1.Angry Young Man of the 1950's most came from ____.A.the lower classB.the upper classC.peasantsD.workers2.The ____ Movement appeared in the thirties of the 19th century. It showed the English workers were able to appear as an independent political force and were already realizing the fact that the industrial bourgeoisie was their principal enemy.A.EnlightenmentB.RenaissanceC.ChartistD.Romanticist3.Neo-classicism saw its decline in Dryden.()A.错误B.正确4.In Shakespeare's comedies the heroes and heroines attained their victory without much struggle.()A.错误B.正确5.Irving was regarded as ____.A.father of American dramaB.father of American poetryC.father of American Literature6.Of all the 18th century novelists Henry Fielding was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a“____in prose,”the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.A.tragic epicB.romanceC.lyric epicic epic7.Irving was best known for his short stories such as Rip Van Winkle.()A.错误B.正确8.The publication of ____ established Emerson as the spokesman of Transcendentalism.A.NatureB.Self-relianceC.The American Scholar9.ChineseAmerican Literature can be defined as literature by and about ____ in America.A.Chinese studentsB.Chinese immigrantsn immigrants10.Shakespeare was born in April 1564 and died in 1616.()A.正确B.错误11.John Bunyan's pilgrim's progress is often regarded as a typical example of ____.A.romanceB.fableC.epic in proseD.allegory12.____ pen name was Mark Twain.A.William Dean HowellsB.Samuel Langhorne ClemensC.Henry James13.Sir Gawain and Green Knight was created by ____.A.None of the abovenglandC.ChaucerD.Bede14.Apart from the dislocation of time and the modern stream-of-consciousness, the other narrative techniques Faulkner used to construct his stories include ____, symbolism and mythological and biblical allusions.A.multiple points of viewB.impressionismC.first person point of viewD.expressionism15.“For a week after the commission of the impious and profane offence of asking for more, Oliver remained a close prisoner in the dark and solitary room...”(Dickens, Oliver Twist) What did Oliver ask for?A.More time to playB.More money to spendC.More food to eatD.More book to read第1卷参考答案一.综合考核1.参考答案：B2.参考答案：B3.参考答案：A4.参考答案：D5.参考答案：A6.参考答案：A7.参考答案：D8.参考答案：A9.参考答案：C 10.参考答案：C11.参考答案：A12.参考答案：B13.参考答案：B14.参考答案：D15.参考答案：B第2卷参考答案一.综合考核1.参考答案：A2.参考答案：C3.参考答案：A4.参考答案：A5.参考答案：C6.参考答案：D7.参考答案：B8.参考答案：A9.参考答案：B10.参考答案：A11.参考答案：D12.参考答案：B13.参考答案：A14.参考答案：A15.参考答案：C。
The Influence of religion on the America
The Influence of religion on the AmericaThe United States is one of the most modern societies, and it is a country that has a large number of religious believes. More than ninety percent of Americans say that they believe in god; More than sixty percent of the Americans who claim that religion can nearly answer all the current problems; forty percent of Americans regularly go to the church to participate in the religious activities; A third of Americans said that religion can influence on their lives. During this century, the proportion basically changes nothing. The United States is a religious diverse country and has almost five hundred thousand churches. The proportion of participating in religious activities and having the religious believes is the highest among the western countries. More than half of the people in the America are the church members and the Americans that attend the church activities are closely related with volunteering, donation, voting.Religion for Americans is not only a kind of belief. It has penetrated into every aspect of American life. First the religious influence on the American political is apparent. For example, the American bil l prints the word “we trust god” and there is the sentence“god bless America”. In the United States thirty-nine Presidents are Christian church members and the rest is also close with the church. Second in the American college campus, there are a lot of students' religious groups. More than 85% of American students in the primary school and middle school attend the missionary school.Many famous American universities such as Harvard, Yale and Princeton are originally established by the church. Third the religious influence on the American life can be seen everywhere. The number of people who go to the church are more than that of people who watch the sports events. And many American marriages are held in the church.All this showed that the influence of the American religion on the America is broad and great. In the 1820s, the French sociologist named Tocqueville said: "There is not a country like the United States, which Christian can have such a significant influence on the soul of the nation." Religion is the most important factor that influences American faith, attitude and behavior and deeply dominates American political, culture and family life. How and why religion could have shaped the American values?First religion is closely related with individual freedom and individualism. The Protestant branch of the Christian faith broke awayfrom Roman Catholic church in Europe in the sixteenth century because of important differences in religious beliefs. In the 1600s there was much bitterness among some of the religious groups and many Protestants was killed because of their beliefs .Then many Protestants were ready to leave their countries in order to have freedom to practice their particular religious beliefs. Consequently, among the early settlers who came to America in the 1600s, there were many Protestants seeking religious freedom. In 1776, the settlers established a new nation, the United States of America. In 1789, when they wrote the Constitution for their new nation, they separated church and state so that there would never be a government-supported church. Also they expressly forbade titles of nobility. The historic decisions made by those first settlers have had a profound effect on the shaping of the American values. The first settlers including many Protestants created a climate of individual freedom. This is the most basic of all the American values. I think that the concept of individual freedom had deeply rooted in the American minds since the America was established by the settlers, especially the Protestants .So I think religion influenced the American values.In my opinions, Religious belief encourages people to realize their own value and owe to the God. In the process, individualism has played a positive role. Individualism emphasizes struggle andadventurism. So the development of education, science and technology in United States is closed related with individualism. Then I think religion encourages the development in education, science and technology in the US.Second religion is closely related with self-reliance and material wealth.Protestantism has been a powerful force in shaping the values and beliefs of Americans. Protestantism in the United States is popular.I think that the reason is that the form of Americanvalues—self-reliance and material wealth depends on Protestantism. One of the most important values associated with American Protestantism is the value of self-improvement. In my opinion,self-improvement encourages Americans to do their best by themselves. Some of the early European Protestant leaders believed that people who achieved material wealth would be blessed by God. Other church leaders, particularly in the United States think that there exists connection between gaining material wealth and being blessed by God. They believed deeply that material wealth can make the national character sweeter, more joyous and more unselfish. I think that everyone in the United States have the equal opportunity to be away from privation and let dreams come true, as long as he takes fulladvantage of the chances and have the strong faith. And the American crucial faith is that God brought rich to America and will continue to bless the United States.Third religion is closely related with hard work and self-discipline. American religious leaders, however, never encouraged the idea of gaining wealth without hard work and self-discipline. Chinese people working in the foreign-funded enterprises, may have the strong feeling that the work is stressful heavily, busy and nervous. They often complain that working in the foreign-funded enterprises is very hard and that they could be forced to be a workaholic .But nearly all those foreigners work positively, responsibly and conscientiously. They often work overtime regardless of tired. There are many people in the United States just liking work. They cannot stop working until finishing today's work, no matter how hard they are. They just enjoy this crazy state and work for joy. I think this is a kind of professional ethics . And the spirit comes from the Protestantism. Protestantism encourages Americans to achieve material wealth. And they must work hard to be successful and to get the bless by God. They believe that God can see everything you are doing. So they work hard and becomeself-disciplinary.Fourth religion is closely related with volunteerism and humanitarianism. Protestantism thinks that individuals become better by contributing some of their time or money to help others.Historically, some of the extremely wealthy Americans have made generous contributions to help others. (In the early 1900s, for example, Andrew Carnegie, a famous American businessman, gave away more than 300 million dollars to help support schools and universities and to build public libraries in thousands of communities in the United States. John D. Rockefeller, another famous businessman, in explaining why he gave a large sum from his private fortune to establish a university, said，”The good Lord gave me my money, so how could I withhold it from the University of Chicago?”) The magazine 《Time》reports that in 2002 Americans donated the amount of $190 billion, which is equal to 2.1% of GDP and the highest in nearly 30 years in the United States. According to the statistics, the donation from the companies and other agencies contributions accounted for only 15%, while 85% are individual donation. Americans contribute not only their money, but also their time. They donate more than 20 billion hours a year, being worth about $200 billion. They teach children, visit patients and take care of the old. Their impetus of helping others is mainly their religious belief. I think the majority of Americans believe in Christian. In their belief, they can help others to atone for their crime and to be blessed by God. Religion makes American be helpful.All in all, the influence of American religion on America is broad and great. Religion has penetrated into every aspect of American lifeand encourages the development of education, science and technology in the United States. Above all Religion is closely related with traditional American values and shapes the values and spirits in the United States.。
美国宗教American Religion
The First Amendment guarantees both the free practice of religion and the non-sponsorship of religion by the government. The First Amendment separated church from state but not religion from public life.
Present: In August 2010 67% of Americans say religion is losing influence, compared with 59% who said this in 2006. Majorities of white evangelical Protestants (79%), while mainline Protestants (67%), Black Protestants (56%), Catholics (71%), and the religiously unaffiliated (62%) all agree that religion is losing influence on American life; 53% of the total public says this is a bad thing while just 10% see it as a good thing.
Christianity
The largest religion in the US is Christianity, practiced by the majority of the population (76% in 2008)； Protestants （51.3%）； Catholics（25%）； Mormons （1.7%）（摩门教 徒） (the name commonly used to refer to members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints)； Other Christian denominations （1.7%） Christianity was introduced during the period of European colonization.
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
The formation of the value of hard-working
They believed God gave those treasures to them and only by hard work could these natural resources be converted into material possessions and a conformable standard of living as the reward for the God. Because of this, they have come to see material possessions as the natural reward for their hardworking.
Thank you for your listening.
Religious influence on the economy
•
The establishment of the credit system depends on the religion.
• “In God We trust” is printed in dollars, not only shows the Americans' faith, but also show that Americans swear in the name of God to prove that money credit.
• Second, the concept of church schools is different from other types of schools. These schools not only emphasize the study of cultural knowledge, but also penetrate religious philosophy to the teaching process. • Third, religion has an important influence in American academic field of innovation and free atmosphere, and it also promotes the integration of the various kinds of ideas. This is benefit from the desire of early settlers to pursue for individual free belief.
Conclusion：
Religion culture has shaped some of the basic traditional American values and some very important spirits that were held by Americans today, and it even has encouraged the development in education, science and technology in the US.
The formatioimprovement
In the United States the belief in selfimprovement can be seen in countless books that explain how people can be happier and more successful in life by improving everything, even their whole personality. They are the natural products of a protestant culture in which people believe that “God helps those who help themselves”. The key to self-improvement and success is self-confidence and ensure personal success in life.
•
First , in public schools, America insists on keeping religion and government separated, and the public schools are built by government, so correctly handle the relationship between religion and public schools are particularly important.
Religious influence on the education
In the United States, religion plays a major role in educational fields. • In the colonial period, education has a close relationship with religion, whether primary school, secondary school or higher education. • In current circumstances, although the government founds many public schools, the influence of religion is still significant.
• In the foreign policy, America often attack other countries, intervene in the internal affairs of other countries ,even pursue hegemonism(霸权 主义)and power politics as the excuse of “religion intolerance the religious persecution”.
All in all, regardless of the cultural, economic, political, education or daily life, you could see the importance of religion beliefs everywhere, as President Eisenhower's words " Our government will make no sense if it is not built on the deep religious beliefs"
branches of Christianity
Catholic (天主教)
Jewish(犹太教)
Ⅲ.
The influence of religion of American life
• Religious influence on the traditional values • Religious influence on the education • Religious influence on the economy • Religious influence on the politics
Religious influence on the traditional values
• The formation of the value of selfimprovement • The formation of the value of hard-working • The formation of the value of individual freedom and equality
In specific terms, American theologian(神学家) Paul Tillich insisted that religion was the soul of culture and culture was the form of religion.
Ⅱ.
Brief introduction of the denomination (宗教派别)
The formation of the value of individual freedom and equality
The western concept of the importance of the individual can be linked to Christianity. The Christian tradition begins with the assumption that the world is real and meaningful because God created it. Human beings are significant because God created them in his image.
By the 1950s a kind of ''three faiths'' model of the United States had developed. Americans was considered to come in three basic varieties:
Protestant(新教)
The influcence of religion on the American's life
Ⅰ.
Religion is signficant in American life.
The role played by religious thought and practice is of immense importance to a full understanding of American life. In general terms, Western scholars tend to view religion as a "central part of human experience...influencing how we perceive and react to the environment in which we live."