从《紫色》看美国个人主义价值观
《紫色》--一曲黑人女性生存伦理的赞歌
曲黑人 女性生存伦理 的赞歌
。滕 学明
孙毓 婕
摘 要 ：艾丽丝 ・ 沃克小说的生存伦理价值值得深入研 究。 紫色》中，她 为我们呈现 了一位黑人女性从麻木不仁
的生存状态一步步觉醒，最后在姐妹情谊的温暖 中、在与异性的和解 中重新获得生命 的尊严 与价值 ， 从 而实现理想
的伦理观念 也根深 蒂固的存在 了很长 时间 。一直 以来 ，奴
富 兰 克 林 曾在 其 自传 中提 到 “ 使 徒 口头 行 善 只 劝 告 那 些 衣 隶制下 的男黑奴被视 为牲畜 ，成为 白人奴 隶主谋 取经济利 不 蔽 体 、饥 肠 辘 辘 的人 们 要 穿 衣 吃饭 ，却 不 告 诉 他 们 能 在 益 的 工 具 ； 而 黑 人 女 奴 则 是 这 个 地 球 上 受 压 迫 最 深 重 的群
生存的完整过程。本文从生存伦理视 角，解读这 一美国黑人女性生存伦理的演绎过程 ，体味作家对人 生的思索。
关键词： 紫色 黑人女性 生存伦理
《 紫 色 》 是 艾丽 丝 ・ 沃克 的代表作 。１ ９ ８ ２ 年 刚 出版 ， 即 畅销 全 美 ，赢 得 了 大 批 读 者 。 １ ９ ８ ３ 年 ，它 又 连 续 获 得 美
一
切 行 动 的前 提 。 ㈣
小 说中前半 部分 的西 丽就是这样 麻木地 苟活着 。在被
尊 严 、 生 存 与 主 体 的 独 立 和 自 由 、 生 存 需 要 控 制 下 的 主 体 继 父性侵怀 孕后 ，她 被剥夺 了上 学受教育 的权利 ，在家里 之 间的 关 系 、 生存 与 求 生 方 式 等 。 在小说 《 紫 色 》 中 ，各 承 担繁重 的家务劳动 ，在被继父 玩腻后又 像商 品一样被卖 色 人 物 以不 同 的 方 式 生 活 ， 诠 释 着 不 同 的 生 存 伦 理 。本 文 给 了Ｘ 先 生 。在 这 一 过 程 中 ， 西 丽 根 本 没 法 选 择 她 的生 活 ， 以 女 主 人 公 西 丽 为 分 析 重 点 ，探 讨 她 的 黑 人 女 性 生 存 伦 理 因 为从 一开 始她 就 被继 父 剥夺 了话 语 。福 柯 认 为 ： “ 影 的 演 绎 过程 。
20艾丽斯_沃克_紫色_中的_妇女主义_
美国黑人女作家艾丽斯·沃克(Alice Walker)是当代文坛的一颗新星。
自1968年以来，她出版了两部诗集：《一度》（1968）《革命的牵牛花》（1973）；4部长篇小说：《格兰奇·科帕兰的第三次生命》（1970）《梅丽迪恩》（1976）《紫色》（1982）《在我父亲微笑的光芒下》（1998）；还出版了一些短篇小说、散文以及著名黑人诗人兰斯顿·休斯的传记等。
《紫色》（The Color Purple）于1982年出版后反响巨大，不仅成为当年的畅销书，而且获得1983年美国文学作品的3个大奖：全美图书奖、全国书评家协会奖和普利策小说全美最高文学奖。
沃克成为美国获普利策奖的第一位黑人女作家，声誉鹊起。
《紫色》这一作品本身的内容形式丰富、深刻，它涵纳了一个黑人女性作家对自我种族与性别身份多角度的思索。
作为黑人女性文学史上一部里程碑式的作品，《紫色》是一部书信体长篇小说，全书由92封信组成。
其中70封为女主人公茜莉所写，其余22封是聂蒂写给茜莉的。
故事的背景是作者的家乡美国南方佐治亚州乡村，时间从20世纪初到第二次世界大战结束，跨度大约40年。
小说描写黑人女子茜莉从童年到中年的生活、地位、情感、意识的发展变化。
茜莉生于佐治亚州一个贫苦的农家，父亲被白人私刑处死，母亲再婚后因频繁生育而重病在身。
她14岁时被继父奸污并接连生下1女1男两个孩子，孩子一出生就被继父弄走而下落不明。
22岁时继父像扔旧物一样把她送给了已有4个孩子的×先生。
之后，她既是×先生的泄欲工具，又是为他养育子女、管理家务、料理农活的奴仆。
后来，在×先生的情妇莎格、妹妹聂蒂、继子儿媳索菲亚的影响帮助下，终于离开家庭，走向社会，成了一个独立自主的女人。
艾利斯·沃克以她独特的爱的哲学，独创妇女主义理论(Womanism)，专门用来探讨黑人妇女的生存与发展。
在其代表作《紫色》中，她打破了卑贱的黑人妇女形象的固有模式，塑造了一个具有反抗精神、独立自主、自尊自爱的全新的黑人妇女形象。
《紫色》的双重象征意蕴
内容摘要：美国黑人女作家爱丽丝·沃克的长篇小说《紫色》以西丽从逆来顺受、麻木不仁到改变自己、实现自我的成长历程，反映了美国黑人女性在双重意识的文化境遇中所遭遇的精神困惑和对理想的不懈追求。
作者通过对蓝色、红色、紫色等颜色的巧妙运用，以独到的象征手法表达了作者的妇女主义思想主张：反种族主义、反性别主义、非洲中心主义、人道主义。
关键词：紫色象征妇女主义美国当代黑人女作家爱丽丝·沃克（Alice Walker,1944）的长篇小说《紫色》（The Color Purple,1982）是一部非同凡响的力作。
它貌似冰山的一角，实则博大精深，无论在思想主题方面，还是在创作手法方面，都可谓匠心独具，力求创新，在当代美国黑人文学中独树一帜，成为经典之作。
小说出版的翌年，就荣获了代表美国文学最高荣誉的三大奖项：普利策奖、美国国家图书奖、全国书评家协会奖。
此后，它又被改编为电影和音乐剧。
浅析《紫色》中的女性主义(英文论文)
浅析《紫色》中的女性主义摘要：二十世纪美国黑人作家对美国文学的发展做出了不可磨灭的贡献，他们的作品极大地丰富了美国文学，同时也对世界文学的创作产生了巨大的影响。
进入七十年代以后，黑人女作家领导文学潮流，掀起了第三次美国黑人文学高潮。
艾丽丝•沃克是当代美国最杰出和最具影响力的黑人女性作家之一。
她对黑人命运问题的研究探讨，引起文坛瞩目，被认为是美国黑人作家中的后起之秀，有“女才子”之誉。
小说《紫色》是她文学创作的最高成就。
本文主旨意在分析《紫色》中的女性主义。
第一章简要地介绍了爱丽丝•沃克的个人经历及作品《紫色》。
第二章论文的理论基础—女性主义的含义和它的发展阶段。
第三章是本文的主体，以小说的主旨及其写作技巧—书信体形式两方面为切入点来分析《紫色》中所体现的女性主义。
最后本文得出女性如果要独立、自尊、自强，需通过自己不懈的努力，战胜重重困难，最终才能取得与男性平等的社会地位与权力的结论。
这也正是爱丽丝·沃克想要表达的女性主义的真正内涵。
关键词：《紫色》美国黑人女性女权主义双重压迫寻求独立An Analysis of Feminism in The Color PurpleLi YixuanAbstract: Afro—American writers have made great contribution to American literature in the 20th century. Their works have enormously enriched American literature and exerted great influence on literary creation in the world. Black women writers have set off a new upsurge of literature since the 1970s. This is called the third Renaissance of Afro—American literature. Alice Walker is one of the most remarkable and influential Afro—Americanwriters in contemporary American literary world. Her famous novel The Color Purple is the summit of her literary achievements. The thesis is intended to explore the Feminism in the novel The Color Purple. Chapter one gives a brief introduction to Alice Walker’s personal experience and her novel The Color Purple. Chapter two shows the theoretical foundation of the thesis—Feminism, the definition and the development of it. Chapter three, is the main body of the thesis, deals with the analysis of Feminism in this novel and its writing technique—epistolary style，use these two aspects as a starting point to analysis the feminist which embodied in this novel. The end of this paper which concluded if women want to gain independence, self—esteem and self—reliance, the only thing they can do is to try every effort and to overcome the numerous difficulties to gain these things. And finally they can get the social status and social rights which is equal to men. This is exactly what Alice Walker wants to express the true meaning of the Feminism.Keywords:The Color Purple; Afro—American women; Feminism; double oppression;independenceContents承诺保证书 (I)摘要 (II)Abstract (III)Introduction (1)I. A Brief Introduction of Alice Walker and Her Novel —The Color Purple (2)1.1 A Brief Introduction of Alice Walker (2)1.2 Alice Walker’s Literary Work—The Color Purple (3)II. Theoretical Foundation (5)2.1The Definition of Feminism (5)2.2The Development of Feminism (5)III. An Analysis of Feminism in the Novel—The Color Purple (8)3.1 The Theme of the Novel (8)3.1.1 Sex ual Oppression upon Black Women (8)3.1.2 Fighting for Independence (11)3.2 The Writing Technique and Rhetoric Method of the Novel (14)3.2.1 Epistolary Style (14)3.2.2 Metaphor (15)Conclusion (17)References (18)IntroductionThe Afro-American literature is one of the important parts of the American literature and it undergoes a very long development and different periods of development. In the earlier stage of the 20th century, Afro-American literature expresses the praise for black nationalities and the longings for equality and freedom. "Fictions of protest" by middle stage writers focus on the exposure of racism and the poverty of Afro-Americans and reveal the writers’anxiety about the American dream. In the later stage, female writers represented by Walker have been turned over a new leaf. This thesis is a brief analysis of Alice Walker and her famous work The Color Purple. In this novel Walker mainly discussed the contradiction between men and women. Disclose the oppression inside the black community. Though telling the story of Celie—an ordinary black woman in the southern village in American—from insensitive to bear the oppression from the black males to realize the reality and fright for herself. The author deeply disclose the life which Afro—American women were suffered and exquisite depicted the Celie’s sufferings. Use Walker’s words:This novel describes the emotion of social oppression and the spirit’s substances are all told by a black woman who suffered a frustrated life. While she—Celie finally found a way out. She finally found a job, got her friendship, her own love and dignity.” The great place of this novel is that it not only disclose the misery of Afro—American women, but also discussed how to help those women to get rid of the “the problem of recover oneself” traditionally.I. A Brief Introduction of Alice Walker and Her Novel —The Color Purple1.1 A Brief Introduction of Alice WalkerAlice Walker is one of the most important contemporary Afro—American women writers, born in 1944. She is a novelist, a short fiction writer, a poet, a critic all at once. She is the eighth child of a sharecropper family in Eatonton, Georgia, where the tenant farmer system kept most black families perpetually in debt. She always lived a very poor life and at that time education was not taken very seriously. But Walker’s mother insisted that her children should go to school. After her trying Walker started school at four years old and proved to be an excellent child.In 1961 Walker was awarded a scholarship to Spelman College, a small black women school in Atlanta. In the following years she was selected to attend the Youth World Peace Festival in Finland. It was also when she first heard about Dr. Marin Luther King in her freshman year at Spelman.In 1964, she transferred to Sarah Lawrence College in Bronxvile, New York where she majored in literature and has a deep study in Latin poetry and history. After graduating from Sarah Lawrence with a bachelor’s degree, Walker returned to the South and was actively to participate in the Civil Rights Movement. Her work in Georgia put her closely linked to the poorest and lowest educated Afro—Americans and allowed her to have an attention to the impact of poverty on the relationships between black men and women.In 1970, she wrote her first novel, The Third Life of George Copeland; her second collection of poems, Revolutionary Petunias and Other Poems (1973); her first short stories collection,In Love and Trouble: Stories of Black Women (1973). Walker became a leader of spokesperson for the black feminism.By 1979, her next novel began forming in her mind. She thought she must to write the novel in which the characters are trying to contact her, to speak through her. So she sold her house and moved to California, settling in the countryside of San Francisco, a place that “looked a lot like the town in Georgia most of the characters were from”. And there the things which in her mind came freely and the novel The Color Purple flowed.Alice Walker was a civil rights advocator and actively to take part in the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960’s. She was a spokeswoman for the women’s movement. The honors and awards which she gained include Bread Loaf Writers’ Conference Scholar in 1966, Merrill Writing Fellow in 1966—1967, the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters Rosenthal Award in 1974 for In Love and Trouble, the Pulitzer Prize and the American Book Award in 1982 for The Color Purple, and so on. She is claimed to be one of the most famous black women writers in the American literary history.1.2 Alice Walker’s Literary Work—The Color PurpleThe background of the novel is in a southern American village roughly between 1916 and 1942, a period during the status of blacks remained unaltered in the Deep South. The protagonist Celie suffered a miserable life, at first she keeps silent about what happened on her, but this doesn’t stop bad things happening on her. H er mother dies, her two children are taken away, leaving her alone wondering whether they have been sold or even killed. Celie is victimized physically and mentally by her father. Utterly alone and out of desperation, she has no choice but to write to God to express her sufferings and feelings.Celie lives like a slave. In fact, the life with Albert, her husband, is the continuous of her nightmare. In the wedding day, Harpo, the oldest son of Albert welcomes Celiewith a rock laying her head open and the blood runs. He tortured her. His dad tells him not to do that. And he rapes Celie with her head blooding. Actually, Albert marries Celie not for love, just because he is in need of a servant to take good care of his three children and Celie just fit this.To Celie, the most desperate thing is that she never gets love and care from her mother, instead, her mother who doesn’t know the truth always screams and torture her. After she dies, Nettie, the most intimate woman in Celie’s life, is separated from Celie by Mr. Albert. Since then, Celie gets no message from her and thought she has died. Reading through the old letters, Celie knows Mr. Albert’s evil deeds with Nettie and her family’s truth. S he knows that her father, who rapes her, isn’t her natural father; her natural father has been dead because he is succeeding in the financial business in the white business world. Celie is angered by all that God has allowed to happen to her. She writes her last letter to God retelling her sufferings and accusing God of being silence. She is totally desperate to what has happened on her.As Celie curses on Mr. Albert for what he has done to her, she finds something which she has never been aware of. She has learned that the quality of life must not depend on the outside world; to be survived; to find one’s value; is what color purple means for. Celie can surround herself in purple, for she is in control of Kingdom.II. Theoretical Foundation2.1 The Definition of FeminismFeminism refers to a major woman’s experiences as the source and motivation of social theory and political movement. Critique of social relations, many supporters of feminism also focus on the analysis of gender inequality and promote women's rights, interests and issues. It also refers to a social theory and political movement with the female experience for its source in the social relations outside criticism, many women socialist supporters also focuses on the analysis of the gender inequality and promote women's rights and interests issues of feminist theory aims to understand the nature of the inequality, emphasis on gender, political power relations and sex consciousness (sexuality) on the theme of feminist inquiry, including discrimination stereotype materialized (especially about sex and chemical) body housework distribution oppressions and the oppression form the patriarchy. And in my opinion, the Feminism which Alice Walker discussed has a deeper meaning. It is a comprehensive protest to all kinds of oppression system (sexual oppression and racial oppression).2.2 The Development of FeminismFeminism in the nineteenth century gradually changed to the organized social movement because more and more people believe that women in a patriarchal society should treated equally. The feminist movement is rooted in the Western progressive, especially the nineteenth Century reform movement.Early feminists and early feminist movement is often called the first wave, and after 1960 feminist called the second wave. There is also the so-called the third-wave, but feminists for its existence necessity, contribution and concept disagree. The reason why these periods are called is because they like the waves, one after another; never discontinuous, later used the former Walker's contribution and resources.The Western Feminism can be mainly divided into three generations:The first generation of Western Feminism: Western Feminism originated in France bourgeois revolution and enlightenment movement, the second half of the nineteenth Century the emergence of the first generation, and the industrial revolution in Europe, is the representative of the British Harriet Tyler Mill. French female writer Gore in 1790 issued a “Declaration on the Rights of Women”, 17 women's rights. Declaration later became a programmatic document of the feminist movement. M. Wollstonecraft, British writer, published a book “Defense for Women's Rights”, in 1792, proposed that women should enjoy equal treatment with men in education, employment and politics. Until 1920, the United States passed a bill to protect women the right to vote. The initial appeal of women in education and legislation should be equal. In the United States, Elizabeth Cady Stanton National Woman Suffrage Association represented (NWSA) repeatedly requested the federal Congress to allow women to participate in political polling repeatedly refused to encounter, eventually in the Nineteenth Amendment (1920). During this period, feminism is not elevated to the level of theory, is mainly a number of practical activities and “March 8. International Women's Day "was born.The second generation of Western Feminism: The second stage is the most important phase of feminism in the West stage. The feminists found that although the women in the field of political and economic fight for equality and efforts to achieve significant results, but the unequal status of women in social life has not been fundamentally improved. For example, groups of women get the right to vote in politics is still in a low position , occupational segregation and career development prospects of poor highlights, the case of equal pay for equal work , equal employment basically guaranteed. This contradiction prompted feminist thinking in depth, forming a unique feminist theory. From early 20th until 1960s, the world experienced two world wars. During this period, Afro—American woman still under the control of themale society. The challenge which they faced is the patriarchal society, challenges the "class" system.The third generation of Western Feminism: Postmodern Feminism.Postmodern Feminism began in the last century 60-80 age, her resulting presumably and two factors, one is, since 60's "liberation" and the men and women in opposition to the feminist thought, has brought numerous family breakdown, single mothers and the AIDS epidemic, so people began to reflect: especially in the elimination of binary opposition between men and women, forming “Gentle Feminist”, "Green Feminists”. While recognizing the achievements of the feminist movement to protect women's rights, it also questioned the other hand; feminists have tried to subvert the traditional family model. Post-modern feminism is still a growth stage. Trying to eliminate inequality between men and women on the basis of the recognition of gender differences, emphasizing the social nature of gender roles, the idea of equality between men and women as a product of patriarchy .Thus, postmodern feminist emerge as the times require.III. An Analysis of Feminism in the Novel—The Color Purple3.1 The Theme of the NovelThe color purple is a feminist Bildungsroman. It tells how Afro—American women find themselves and fight for themselves though describing the sufferings of what Celie had experienced.While revealing patriarchy’s oppression upon Afro—American women, feminists point out that while disclosing the oppressions, what Afro—American men done had consequently deepens Afro—American women’s suffering. As Hruston states in Their Eyes were Watching God: “So de white man throw down de load and tell de nigger man thus pick it up. He picks it up because he has to, but he doesn’t tote it. He hand it to his woman folks. De nigger woman is de mule of the worlds so far as ah can see.” Alice Walker tries to disclose these oppressions in her novels. In The Color Purple, Walker also shows us how racism exacerbates these oppressions in Afro—American family. Black feminist writers reveal racial, gender oppressions between the sexes to improve the gender binary opposition between men and women, longing for an ideal, gender relation.Throughout these oppressions that the Afro—American women suffers, the main oppressions were racial oppression and sexual oppression.3.1.1 Sexual Oppression upon Black WomenSexual oppression has a great influence to the Afro—American women. The black has consciously in the face of modern society of sexual discrimination. Compared with men, blac k women’s statuses are lower. Their marginalized status is not only caused by racial discrimination, but also from male social gender discrimination.Alice Walker writes: “Black women are called in the folklore that so aptly identifies one’s status in society ‘the mule of the world’, because we have been handed the burdens that everyone else refuse to carry.” In the Color Purple, the only choice for a girl like Nettie to make is “either to marry somebody like her husband or wind up in some white lady kitc hen.”(CP 1987:17) In a patriarchy society, women are the main labor force both at home and in the fields.Although black women are the main labor force of the black family, they have no rights they deserve. On the contrary, they are constantly beaten by their husband. Mr. X—Celie’s husband, instructs his son: “Wives is like children. You have o let them know who got the upper hand. Nothing can do better th an a good sound beating.”(CP 1997:34) Mr. X beats Celie “like her beat the children. Cept he cont eve r hardly beat them. He say, Celie, git the belt. The children be outside the room peeking through the crack…”(CP 1987:22) The men who exploit and oppress women are acting out what Diana E.H.Russell terms the “masculinity mystique”—“To win, to be superior, to conquer, and to control demonstrate masculinity to those who subscribe to common cultural notions of masculinity.” Since Harpo is confused by the perfect control that his father exerts over Celie, he feels less than a man because of his inability to control his wife Sofia. Following his father’s instruction, Harpo keeps on beat ing Sofia and this finally leads to their separation.Except for the heavy burden and physical hurts, black women are sexually abused. In black men’s eyes, black women are only t he instruments for them to release their bad mood. They just enjoy their own happiness and the only thing left for women is the untold sufferings.In the Color Purple, in order to control women under their power, black men constantly impose their own con cept upon black women. Celie has “always been a good girl.”(CP 1987:3) She is so good—natured even his stepfather has to admit that “she good with children… Never heard her say a hard word to one of them.”(CP1987:12) She selflessly helps to take care of Shug when she is seriously ill, although she is he r husband’s mistress; she is also a clever student in school praised by her teacher, she says that: “long as she been a teacher she never know nobody want to learn bad” as her. But her stepfather always abus es her. He introduces Celie to Mr. X : “She ain’t fresh… She spoiled. She ugly… She is too old to be living her at home. And she has a bad influence on my other girls… She ain’t smart either… And another thing—she tell lies.”(CP1987:10) In his eyes, Celie is “evil and always up to no good” and “he can’t stand” hr no more. (CP 1987:5)Shug is also a good woman. She follows one of the few professions open to black women: blues singer; she is independent economically by hard working; she safeguards her selfhood; she asserts her own value; she displays a wisdom learned in her working lives to teach the girls she loves not to allow others to use or revile their individuality and tells the men what she thinks of their weaknesses. One thing that we can figure out is that one of the strategies the black men employ to take women under their control is to decry their reputation and deprive them of their confidence. They try all the means to let the women believe that they themselves are bad in nature and inborn, so they deserve any kind of ill—treatments black men exert on them.In Africa, men, even some women, don’ think girl need to be educated. When Nettie asks a mother why she thinks so, she said, “A girl is nothing to herself, only to hr husband can she become s omething.”(CP 1987:132) When Tashi, a little girlfriend of Olivia, Celie’s daughter in Africa, learns some knowledge from Olivia and becomes quiet and thoughtful, her patents even get upset for being afraid that she will not fit into village life. In addition, women are deprived of the right to choose the ways of their lives from their own free will. In the novel, it is Celie’s stepfather who chooses husband for Celie. He is her owner. In a scene reminiscent of a slave action, Celie is passed like a piece of property from one creel and domineering black male into the hands of another:The Color Purple is to expose the double oppression endured by the black women so that the solution to this problem existing in the black community can push forward the develo pment of black people’s unity. The most significant for Alice Walker is that she advances her tentative solution—feminism in the hope of curing the social diseases of racism and sexism and promoting the development of society.Walker through the description of a black woman seeking her dual identity reveals to us that only if black women in the United States integrated black blood, do the masters of their own destiny, he creates his own, can they get rid of edge position, and obtain their own identity.3.1.2 Fighting for IndependenceAlthough the Afro—American women under the control of the patriarchal social, they never give up struggling for their own independence. Their independence can be discussed mainly from these two aspects: familial independence and social independence.In the patriarchal family, women are the labor force both inside the house and outside in the field. However they didn’t get what they deserve to get, such as equality, love and respect. On the contrary, they suffered pain and mental torture. What they had experienced also sowed the seeds for the future of their resistance.Social independence implies black women’s independence in the society, including economical and political independence. In America, many Afro—American women have to depend on black men mainly due to their main status in economy. They are generally degraded to objects and became the secondary gender in the society. So exploration for social independence is very significant for black women to change their social status. In the Color Purple, the feminist explores to gain social independence mainly by using the Afro—American woman’s potential ability, whichalso discloses the feministic viewpoint—to make full use of black women’s strong viewpoints and realizing the importance of gaining their own social independence.Number one is Celie’s self-identity and women's socialist mental health.Identity, is one of the major contents in western literary criticism, it advocates accented literature classic, the thorough analysis colonial hegemony and male central cultural rewriting history between men and women in colonial conflict story.If Celie continue to maintain a callous life, resigned, muddy disturbance to spend her life go, then, then the characters will fall into the traditional literature's misconduct. However, Walker doesn’t want to fall into formality. She, in an interview said: "people not only to live, to prosperity but also to love life. She gave her life to the love and life " Live unremitting pursuit, pour into to literary works, Celie from decayed traditional thought to emancipate herself, helped herself to set up the life of optimism attitude, to break the traditional literature in the description of black women "" False image, namely and the reality of black women did not fit with the image, Shaping a new black women's image.Number two is Celie’s exploration: from the rebellious to rebirth.In Ceie’s mind God is omniscient and omnipotent. After these sufferings, God is the only listener and savior to her, however, after sent 55 letters to God and without any answers back to her, Celie could no longer bear it, she even said: “ What did God do for me?—He is a big devil, his behavior is just like any other man I know: frivolous, forgetful and contemptible.” This sentence represents the first leap of her character’s development. She not only challenges the authority of God’s but also challenges the patriarchy’s thought.Independent women, who run away from her family and then return to it again, will have a different feeling. After the success, she forgives her husband whom once abused her, and then they become very good friends. Although she don’t want to rebuild her family, but in her opinion, her husband was not as disgusting as before. Her concern about personal destiny cares about group destiny, from the thinking about the individual value, personal survival significance to all mankind pain and liberation exploration. She stood at the height of the human life, overlooking human life and rethinks the life. This humanity spirit and highly responsibility really make us to rethink on and take example by.Number three is from Celie’s heart journey to see Walker’s women socialist connotationCelie’s self identity and women's socialist spirit is meaningful; it ha s the ideal womanism of the author. The Color Purple describes a group of black women whom representative is Celie, they pursue for equal rights and personal identity, struggle to enlarge the attention range. Walker wrote the black woman whom in the lowest social level, what’s more important, on the basis of racial and sexual oppression; Walker added to the natural element and combines them together. Committed to achieve interpersonal, man and natural’s harmonious survival mode.Moreover, Celie's tolerant and mind is universal love is what Walker’s Socialist soul places. In the process of difficult self-identity construction, pursue women's spirit use the spirit of tolerance to forgive those black men who had abused them; Black male also abandoned the original great man's doctrine thought, through the self-improvement, they not only realize the spirit of their own survival, but also promoted other characters in the novel (especially the female character) complete live, thus bring the black community to a rebirth.In economy, the womanist quests for self—realization form black feminine household activities, which are usually belittled by black males or even females themselves by relating to revelations of black women as the weak sex in the society. The womanist realizes her limitless potential as a black woman in her daily work—the wisdom and artistic creativity, by which she gains self—confidence and self—support, and thus actualizes her independence in the society.In culture, the womanist quests for social independence by her own black feminine tradition. She persists in presenting her creative artistic charm as a black woman, in her feminine creative activities, such as quilting, designing nd making pants. While questing for black woman’s beauty and dign ity in these artistic activities, she gets her cultural independence. Moreover, Celie sticks to speaking her native language instead of the Standard English, which also indicates her persistent exploration for her own cultural tradition and her cultural independence.At the end of the novel, Celie achieves great economical success; she sets up her own company to produce all kinds of pants designed by her. By making pants, Celie creates a new way to make her living and completely frees herself from subordinate status in economy and realizes her self—independence in the society. She is no longer the oppressed, exploitative, abusive object. She can say what she wants to say. She founded her female subjectivity, and eventually became the woman who has full of confidence, dignity, and personality. From the reverse to stand on her own, Celie produced very big change, after awakening has more strong resistance. She insisted on using their own language to express them, express her anger, her joy and her song.3.2 The Writing Technique and Rhetoric Method of the Novel3.2.1 Epistolary StyleEpistolary novel is a type of novel in which the author is carry on by means of series of letters. It is a traditional feminine genre associated with women’s voice, feelings。
一部闪耀着女性主义光辉的杰作——读艾而斯·沃克的《紫色》
一部闪耀着女性主义光辉的杰作——读艾而斯·沃克的《紫色》［摘要］美国黑人女作家艾丽斯·沃克所作的《紫色》是一部黑人女性主义文学经典。
黑人女性承受着种族和性别的双重压迫，因此黑人女性比白人女性争取自由平等的历程更加艰辛。
本文从黑人女性主义的视角解读女主人公茜莉的成长之路。
茜莉从麻木、觉醒、抗争到独立的心灵历程，宣扬了平等独立的黑人女性主义思想，同时诠释了男女和谐相处才是最为完美的生存状态，也为如何实现人类的最终和谐发展提供新的设想和可能。
［关键词］《紫色》；黑人女性主义；女性意识；两性和谐一、艾丽斯·沃克及其作品《紫色》艾丽丝·沃克1944年2月9日出生于南部佐治亚州伊顿敦的一个贫苦农民家庭。
她天资聪颖，靠奖学金接受了良好的教育。
她是美国当代文坛最具影响力的黑人女作家之一，作为黑人女权主义文学批评的领军人物，她被誉为“黑人妇女的辩护士和发言人”。
由于历史原因，美国黑人女性的处境十分恶劣，她们要承受着种族和性别歧视的双重压迫，身份被边缘化，自由被剥夺，处于社会的最底层。
艾丽丝·沃克本人也从小经历痛苦和艰险，因而她清楚地意识到黑人女性所处的困境。
作为一名黑人女性作家，她密切关注黑人女性的辛酸历史和不平等的社会地位，出版了大量描写黑人妇女为争取政治、经济、性别和种族平等而斗争的小说。
小说《紫色》是她文学创作的最高成就，散发着恒久的女性主义文学魅力。
《紫色》这部作品之所以获得如此高的赞誉，在于它不仅涉及了黑人妇女所受的双重压迫这样的主题，而且不再仅停留在揭露、控诉的层面，而是通过主人公茜莉从黑暗中走出来的故事，指出了黑人妇女应该走怎样一条解放之路的问题。
故事的主角西莉是美国南部农村一个贫苦的黑人姑娘，14岁时屡遭继父的强暴与摧残，先后生下一儿一女，但孩子一出生即被继父夺走送人。
22岁时，继父对她失去兴趣，像对待牲口一样把她送给已有四个孩子的鳏夫某某先生。
对他而言，茜莉只是他发泄性欲的工具及不花钱的奴隶。
《紫色》分析
--《紫色》的分析《紫色》是美国当代著名黑人女作家艾里斯·沃克的代表作，以美国南方佐治亚乡为背景，讲述了喜丽几十年的家庭生活，反映了黑人女性受到种族主义和性别歧视的双重压迫，批判了两性关系中的不合理内容, 张扬了平等独立、自尊自强的女性意识。
喜丽的成长轨迹可分为：迷茫遭受奴役的初期阶段；自我意识逐渐觉醒而奋起抗争的过渡阶段；独立自主而赢得自由和平等的末期阶段。
《紫色》通过对喜丽与她周围几位不同黑人女性的描写，说明了黑人女性只有相互支持和热爱，才能真正摆脱男性的桎梏，重新建立自我。
夏葛虽然是喜丽丈夫的情人，但在喜丽的成长过程中扮演了各种角色。
夏葛对喜丽的帮助首先表现在唤醒喜丽对自己女性身体的热爱和信心。
在夏葛的启发和支持下，喜丽做起了裤子生意，体会到自己的社会价值。
喜丽的解放不仅是精神解脱，还实现与男人在物质和精神上的平等。
正是通过这样的自我确立，沃克将一个支离破碎的喜丽整合成了一个完整的充满自我和自主意识的女性。
对喜丽的人生转变起到重要作用的还有另外两个女性。
索菲亚从一出现就表现了强烈的反抗精神和独立意识，她认为“女人在有男人的家庭里，就是不安全”。
虽然她战胜了家庭暴力，但在掌握着政权的白人阶级面前，她的反抗犹如以卵击石。
被索菲亚的斗争精神所感染，喜丽终于从沉睡中惊醒，不再忍受艾伯特的欺凌与折磨，为寻找自己的人生目标而奋起反抗。
妹妹耐蒂是喜丽精神上的支柱。
这位个性独立的女性一直对生活充满信心，认识到教育的重要性，并坚持不懈地给喜丽写信。
当喜丽在夏葛的帮助下找到被艾伯特藏匿的所有信件时，喜丽顿时感觉到了生活的希望，坚定了跟艾伯特作斗争的勇气。
小说的结局是耐蒂从非洲回来，并带回了喜丽的孩子，让喜丽获得了真正意义上的家。
大团圆的结局表达了作者的期望，它不仅歌颂了妇女间的姐妹情，并且强调了黑人妇女要摆脱旧思想的束缚，充分认识到自身的价值和尊严。
多次出现的“sky”暗示了喜丽对自由和夫妻平等关系的渴望，电影尾声中哈波对索非亚穿裤子的认同也呈现了作者美好的愿望，暗示一种平等和谐的夫妻关系的建立。
《紫色》的双重象征意蕴
的灵 魂》 一书 中， 再次重 申了这 一 思想 。（ 参 见 ：郭 晓洋 、马艳 红 ， ２ ０ ０ ７ ） 在杜波 依斯看来 ， 从处 于被
殖 民 的境 地到 奴隶 制 废 除 以来 ，
的转变和成 长 。西 丽是美 国南方
佐 治 亚州 乡下 的 一 个 黑 人 女 孩 儿。 幼年 时 ， 其 生父被滥用 私刑 的 白人给残忍 地杀 害了 。母 亲为 了
分 是 对其 他妇 女 的 忠诚 与爱 。” （ 转 引 自： 薛 小惠 ， ２ ０ ０ ７ ） 西丽 自己 也 是一个具 有女 同性 恋主义 人格
的女黑人 。由于她生命 中遭 遇 的 两 个男人—— 继父 和丈 夫— —都
头牛作 为陪嫁 ，把她甩 给 了有 钱
的 黑人 “ Ｘ Ｘ先生 ” 。但 是 ， “ Ｘ Ｘ先 生” 并不拿 西丽 当人 看 。 西丽 的命 运仍然 是 白天 的牲 口和晚上 的泄 欲工具 。 可 以说 ， 她是 社会最底 层 的一分 子 ，既是 白人 种族歧视 的 受 害者 ，又是黑 人男权 社会 的牺 牲 品。 面对苦难 的命运 ， 她 只能逆 来顺 受 ， 麻木 不仁 ， 失 去 自我 ， 放
西 丽生 出来 的两个 孩子 ，也 被继
们在 白 人 主流社会 的价 值观下 依 然受 到歧视 ，并 且不得 不按 照 白 人 的标 准 来 看 待 自己 的 生 活 世
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便 恼羞成怒 地将娜 蒂送 给别 的家
二． 蓝 色的 象征 意蕴
１ ８ ９ ７ 年 ，美 国著 名 民权 运动领 袖 杜波依斯（ Ｄ ｕ Ｂ ｏ ｉ ｓ ） 在《 大 西 洋 月 刊》 上 发表了一篇 论文 ， 首次 提
解读小说《紫色》对读者带来的美学价值
解读小说《紫色》对读者带来的美学价值摘要曾轰动美国的长篇小说《紫色》是一朵妇女主义文学的奇葩，小说由艾丽丝·沃克所著。
作为美国黑人妇女主义文学的领袖，沃克所著的《紫色》不仅表现出了妇女主义，同时也在侧面展现了一定的美学意识。
《紫色》中对黑人文化做出了细致的描写，深刻地揭示了美国黑人女性遭受的来自社会上的各种压迫，这些内容对表现黑人美学具有深远的影响。
小说情节发展的土壤是文化，它也是民族的灵魂，每一部艺术作品中都会有一定的文化内涵。
本文试从黑人语言、百纳被、布鲁斯音乐这三个文化方面，来对《紫色》进行一定的美学研究。
关键词：《紫色》妇女主义美学中图分类号：i106.4 文献标识码：a一概述艾丽丝·沃克作为美国最杰出的女性作家之一，其创作的作品也都具有着深远的影响，特别是其创作的长篇小说《紫色》更是引起了美国评论界的广泛关注。
《紫色》不仅表现出了妇女主义，同时也在侧面展现了一定的美学意识，是一部具有美学意义的作品，展现了作者对美的追求。
《紫色》中的黑人美学思想主要是受到了黑人美学运动的影响，黑人美学运动重点强调了黑人性（blackness），也就是黑人文化的灵魂。
此后，黑人女性批评家就开始研究黑人妇女所传达出的美学思想以及其在传承黑人文化中的贡献。
托尼·莫里森认为任何人都有追求美的权利，无论是外表美还是内在美都与一个民族自身的文化有着密切的联系。
民族精神的载体是文化，其同样也是产生美的源泉。
黑人若要获得真正意义上的美就必须扎根于民族文化之中，以实现美的价值和意义。
本文从黑人文化入手，阐述了《紫色》中蕴含的黑人美学思想。
二《紫色》中体现的美学思想小说《紫色》中的文化美学思想主要体现在以下几个方面：1 黑人圆屋人类最初的居所——子宫是圆形的，表达亲密关系的姿势——拥抱也是圆形的，这绝不是一个巧合：最原始的状态和最亲密的关系都是圆形的。
圆形象征自然、完满和平和。
庄子曾说过：充实为美。
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从《紫色》看美国个人主义价值观摘要个人主义价值观是美国文化的核心，是美国精神的主体，也是美国人价值观的一个不可或缺的组成部分。
本文通过对《紫色》中所塑造的人物进行分析，来探讨和认识其中所反映的美国人主义价值观：崇尚个人自由、重视个人尊严；只有自己才能拯救自己；个人的力量无限。
关键词：个人主义价值观个人自由个人尊严拯救自己个人力量中图分类号：i106.4 文献标识码：a19世纪40年代，法国政治学家、思想家托克维尔在美国进行了大量的考察研究，写下了《论美国的民主》一书。
在这本书中，“个人主义”这个词语被托克维尔提了出来，这是这个词语第一次被详尽的解释：个人主义包括个人的意志、个人的自由、个人的尊严、个人的价值、个人的利益和个人的幸福等等。
每个人都具有价值，人是价值的主体，要对自我支配，自我控制，自我发展高度重视。
一句话，个人主义是以个人为本位的人生哲学。
个人主义价值观是美国文化的核心。
美国著名学者罗伯特·贝拉等学者在他们撰写的《心灵的习性》中也阐明：要相信个人的尊严，个人的尊严是神圣的，是不可侵犯的。
每个人为自己思考、判断、决策，选择自己认为适当的方式并按照其去生活。
个人主义价值观是美国人价值观的重要组成部分，是美国精神的代表。
本文通过对美国黑人女作家艾丽丝·沃克《紫色》中所塑造的人物进行分析，来探讨和认识其中所反映的美国个人主义价值观。
一美国的个人主义价值观1 崇尚个人自由、重视个人尊严美国人崇尚个人的自由，认为个人的尊严是任何人都不可以剥夺、不可以侵犯的，是神圣的。
《紫色》中茜丽的成长历程就是美国人追求个人自由、追求个人权利的诠释。
茜丽刚嫁入某某先生家中，就被丈夫的儿子打破了头，但她得不到照顾，“包扎好了脑袋”，还要伺候那些孩子，给两个哭骂着的女孩洗头梳头。
在某某先生的新家里，没有人在意茜丽，没有人关心她，茜丽不但得不到一点关爱，还常遭丈夫毒打虐待。
她受尽侮辱，没有一点做人的尊严。
茜丽无处诉说自己内心的孤独与痛苦，唯一的办法就是给从不回复的上帝和杳无音讯的妹妹耐蒂写信。
面对某某先生非人的欺侮，茜丽只有逆来顺受。
在这样的逆境之中，茜丽坚强地生活着，却还要“笑得像个傻瓜似的”，“还想去听莎格·艾里弗（黑人歌星）唱歌”；还坚持用文字记录自己心声，还帮助继子哈波设计他的婚姻，让他和心爱的姑娘结婚生子；她还要费劲心思力使哈波和索非亚和睦生活。
她把痛苦和哀愁藏在心底。
这在当时是她的生存之道，活着就是茜丽的目标，可是她已完全失去了自我。
茜丽的善良和好心使莎格开始关心她，帮助她，在莎格的帮助下，茜丽的女性意识开始苏醒。
这正是茜丽树立自信，自我觉醒，争取独立人格的开始。
莎格还说服某某先生不再打茜丽，并且帮助茜丽找出了被她丈夫扣压了三十年之久的她妹妹耐蒂的全部来信。
当茜丽得知是某某先生藏起了妹妹的信件，一直在阻止她和最爱的妹妹联络之后，她愤怒极了，想杀死某某先生，想用这种极端的行为来报复这个可恶的人。
从这时开始，茜丽不再任由人摆布、逆来顺受，她开始有了反抗意识，开始懂得要争取自己的权利。
觉醒了的茜丽有了抗意识，她开始为争取个人自主、个人自由而努力。
从此，茜丽一步步认清了自己的女性地位和价值，并逐步挣脱锁链走向新生。
为了找回女性尊严，更好地活下去，茜丽决定跟莎格回家乡。
这一决定使某某先生大为不满，因为长期以来茜丽都是逆来顺受、毫无主见的家庭奴隶，而这次竟然敢与至高的夫权发生正面的对抗，这是他不能容忍的。
面对某某先生的蛮横的阻止，茜丽终于鼓足勇气，大骂她的丈夫是个卑鄙的家伙，还说等耐蒂和她的孩子们回来，要一起打他的屁股。
这些话出自茜丽之口让人感到震惊，而这也正表明了茜丽已经摆脱了被主宰的到位，要做命运的主人的开端。
茜丽随莎格来到孟菲斯，在莎格的家里，她慢慢体会到什么是自由。
她觉醒了：“原来我一直向他祈祷和写信的上帝，是个男人，举止就像我认得的其他男人一样：轻薄，健忘而卑鄙。
”这番话不仅是对白人男性的否定，同时也是对黑人男性的指责。
这是茜丽多年来受到男性双重压迫后内心深切的感受，她开始反抗上帝和男性的尊严。
此外，沃克还借茜丽之口隐去了某些男性的名字，如茜丽的丈夫阿尔伯特在前半部分的信件中被她称为某某先生。
茜丽虽然没有意识正面反抗丈夫的暴虐，但是从她的称呼中却隐含着她潜意识里对男性的轻视、不屑和不满。
这也表达了作者自己的观点和想法。
随着茜丽不断的成熟与独立，迫使她丈夫反思了自己的所作所为，最后痛改前非与茜丽重归于好，他也由某某先生被称为阿尔伯特。
这种称谓的变化显示了女性要求与男性享受平等权利的愿望，从而肯定女性的尊严与价值。
在莎格的帮助下，茜丽开始思考这个世界，“我是个黑人，也许长得难看，不过我就在这里。
”这是茜丽尊严的觉醒，她开始认识到自己的存在，认识到自己也有追求生活的幸福的权利，认识到要实现自我的价值。
2 只有自己才能拯救自己17世纪初，深受迫害的“异教徒”在美洲大陆登陆，他们不畏艰险、远渡重洋来到这里，大部分人被疾病、恶劣的气候夺去了生命，幸存下来的人知道要想生存就只有靠自己。
他们开荒拓地，建设家园，依靠坚韧的毅力和勤劳的双手寻求自己的未来。
他们坚信：自己是命运的主宰，要相信自己的力量，相信自己能够拯救自己。
所谓的“美国梦”就植根于此。
美国人相信每个人都有平等的机会，都有公平竞争的机会，每一个人都应抓住机会去尝试，每个人都要去竞争，比其他人更成功的人才被认为是“赢者”。
这种依靠自我、不断进取的价值观影响了一代又一代的美国人。
从茜丽身上，我们看到了世代美国人都希望自己能够有的这种精神。
莎格生病了，面对本应妒忌或是仇恨的人，茜丽却给了她无微不至的照顾。
为了感谢善良的茜丽，莎格专门为她写了一首“茜丽小姐之歌”，这使茜丽第一次认识到自己的存在，自己的价值。
认识莎格以前，茜丽是孤独无助的，某某先生家里没有一个人关心她、爱她；可在认识莎格以后，茜丽有了可以倾诉的人，有了可以诉说她的痛苦的人，在和莎格交流后，茜丽摆脱了自己那些陈旧的思想，改变了生活态度，她开始乐观积极起来。
在莎格的鼓励下，茜丽第一次有勇气站到镜子前正视自己的身体。
对于自己的女性特点，她开始有所了解，并学会了爱自己的身体，学会了爱自己。
当丈夫还像以前那样打她的时候，她开始对自己的丈夫进行反抗，“我用餐刀扎他的手”。
茜丽觉醒了，她有了自我意识，她开始与自己的命运抗争。
她无畏地离开了这个家庭，勇敢地离开了丈夫，走上了社会。
觉醒的西丽毅然决然地跟着莎格去了北方，一个象征平等和自由的地方，去寻找属于自己的一片蓝天，去寻求自我发展和自我价值实现的空间。
她与几个姐妹一起奔往孟菲斯，买了新房子，安下了新家，她和莎格一起布置房间，还像男人那样脱下裙子穿上了裤子，这一切都说明茜丽已告别昨日，开始寻找新的生活。
到孟菲斯后，茜丽成立了大众衬裤有限公司，开始了依靠自我的生活；知道了名字对于自己的意义，她开始用自己姓名和地址写信，找回了丢掉了数十年的“自我”。
茜丽开始依靠自己生活以后，不断地学习知识，不断地让自己越来越坚强，终于成了一个自由独立的、有社会地位的、有尊严的女人。
她，再也不是那个任人摆布、任由支配的奴仆了。
至此，茜丽已经从一个在丈夫眼前任凭别人呼来喝去的乡下女人成长为一个自主自强的新女性。
茜丽的变化与成功让她的丈夫某某先生发生了很大的变化，他开始忏悔自己以前的种种罪行，对茜丽有了起码对人的尊重和客气；茜丽及时接受了大男子主义的丈夫真心实意的忏悔和道歉，原谅了他，并和他成为知心朋友，最终又走到了一起。
茜丽通过自我的不断努力，拯救了自己，终于过上了幸福快乐的日子。
3 个人的力量无限早在美国人开拓西部时期，“牛仔”就成了美国人精神的象征，那就是勇敢、坚毅、不畏艰险、百折不回，“个人的力量无限”。
牛仔总是不受束缚，自由自在，勇于冒险，凭借个人的智慧能力来解决一切问题。
牛仔身上的开拓精神是美国人向往的。
这也可以看出，个人独立、个人自由，开拓进取精神是美国人非常重视的。
《紫色》中的茜丽是最好的例证。
当她摆脱了可恶的丈夫，继承了父亲的遗产，经济上取得了独立之后，她想的不是悠闲地过生活，而是要通过自己的努力去创造新生活，赢得自己的社会地位。
当她发现了自己做裤子的手艺是那么受人欢迎时，她开办了“大众衬裤有限公司”，最终她的公司做得很成功，不但有很多的黑人姐妹投奔她，还有白人来做她的店员，甚至她的丈夫某某先生也找来给她当雇工，帮她做设计工作。
这不仅让茜丽找到了自我，更让她证实了自我的价值。
茜丽的生活灿烂起来，她的丈夫艾尔伯特开始郑重地向她求婚，表示这次是真的爱上了她。
她的书信里也出现了欢乐的音符：“亲爱的上帝，亲爱的星星，亲爱的树木，亲爱的天空，亲爱的人们，亲爱的一切”，她开始称自己的丈夫“艾尔伯特”，她开始醉心于家人的欢聚，开始享受由自己的双手创造的新生活。
这应该说是茜丽的胜利，虽然在与继父和丈夫为代表的男权的争斗中，茜丽曾经暂时处于劣势之中，但她用“活着”来表示自己的胜利，“活着”本身就意味着希望，在这种看似柔软实则刚强的抗争中，茜丽的性格特征得以表现：她是一个打不垮的、对生活充满热情的女性。
如果把茜丽比成一棵植物的话，她应当是生长于沙漠里的胡杨或是骆驼刺，因为她抗击打的能力太强大了，她的生命的耐受能力太强大了。
正因为茜丽具有这些素质，她才具有了成功的潜质。
4 自由竞争、适者生存在美国，积极向上是人们的生活态度，人人都是眼看前方，都不甘落后，要成为社会的优胜者。
而且美国人相信个人的能量能在竞争中最大限度地发挥出来，每个人都要接受挑战，他们相信达尔文主义的生存法则。
《紫色》中的莎格解释了美国人相信的竞争法则。
莎格是一个独立不羁，有个性，性感漂亮的黑人布鲁斯女歌手。
她坚韧自信，有很强的自我意识，即使躺在病榻上，奄奄一息，她仍然要很讲究地打扮自己。
她美丽，自信，最重要的是拥有独立的生活。
歌唱这一职业不但让莎格取得了经济上的独立，也使她发展了独立的人格。
使她能够成为一个不受当时社会规范约束而独立自主的女性。
莎格是一个成功并坚强的女人，而这源于她的非凡的竞争能力和适应能力。
莎格有着非常的创造力，她头脑聪明，因此成为了优秀的鲁斯歌手。
不断的艰苦努力，使莎格取得了事业的成功。
她通过唱歌摆脱了对男人的依赖，通过唱歌实现了经济上的独立，使自己从社会的边缘转变成舞台的中心。
莎格开朗、热情、善良，敢于同旧观念、旧势力做斗争。
她的歌声表达了对受压迫女性的同情；同时，她也通过自己的实际行动去帮助她们找到自信，实现独立。
她用自己的歌声和人格魅力赢得了大家的喜爱和尊重。
她点燃了所有黑人妇女追求理想和新生活的信念和决心，因此，她就像是一面旗帜，一种热烈的召唤；她是竞争中的胜利者。
二结语艾丽丝·沃克作为黑人女性主义文学创作的实践者和理论探索者，从揭示黑人女性的悲惨命运出发去发掘具有人类普遍意义的问题：人的生存状态、人性的弱点以及人的精神追求。