2017届高考英语二轮复习第三部分题型强化训练专题二完型填空第3课时说明文议论文类完形填空课件
创新设计浙江专用高考英语二轮复习第三部分题型强化训练专题二完型填空第3课时说明文议论文类完形填空课件
功能。]
第六页，共28页。
3.(2015·福建卷)Several years ago I __37__ a letter from seventeen-
year-old Kerry，who described herself as a world-class fault-
finder，almost always 38(bothered) by things.
shade of a cactus(仙人掌).
23.A.inflexible
B.incomprehensible
C.uncomfortable
D.unbearable
答案 D [根据...—almost 125° F even in the shade of a
cactus(仙人掌)可知(kě zhī)，沙漠环境让人难以承受。故选D。]
37.A.received
B.answered
C.expected
D.rejected
答案 A [几年前，我收到了一封来自十七岁的Kerry的信。
收到来信用receive。answer a letter回信；expect期待，预料
(yùliào)；reject拒绝。]
第七页，共28页。
2.逻辑关系法 作者在对事物的步骤、过程等进行说明时，为了表达的需要，通 常会运用并列(bìngliè)、转折、递进等写作手法，这些信息是解题 的重要依据。
第二页，共28页。
⊙怎么学 在平时的阅读训练中，对于说明文，要注意文中涉及到的定义、 举例说明等具体信息。对于议论文要注意掌握全文主旨，抓住 每段的首句、尾句、主题句，理清文章的论点、论据和结论。 ⊙怎么解 针对两种文体的特点，最常用、有效(yǒuxiào)的方法有：寻找 信息法；逻辑关系法；围绕主旨，上下求证法。
高考英语二轮专题训练模块2专题3第3讲议论文说明文模拟精练巧押题(含解析)新人教版
专题3 第3讲A阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
(2020·四川遂宁零诊)It was one of the hardest days of my young life.I was a 13-year-old freshman trying out for the high school 21 team.It was the first day of full 22 and my 110 pounds body had been 23 to the ground more times than I could count.It had become 24 as the practice went on that there was no way I was going to be able to 25 against the faster and stronger boys.My dream of being a high school football star had been crashed to the ground along with my 26 body.I made it home sore and 27 and my Mom met me at the door.She could see I was28 in a glance.She warmed me up a bowl of soup and 29 me until dinner.WhileI sipped at the warm soup I 30 her hand gently rubbing my aching back.We 31 said a word，but by the time the soup was done I was feeling better again.I knew I was 32 and that was all that mattered.I have carried that 33 in my heart all of these years.Even today，no matter what 34 life throws at me，a bowl of soup always raises my spirits.Sometimes I can even feel Mom’s gentle hand 35 my back from Heaven and see her beautiful face smiling 36 with love.In this world all of us have had our dreams 37 at one time or another.It takesa lot of broken dreams until we find our true 38 in life.God is always there，39 ，to comfort us，and to help us back to our 40 again.May you always share your own love with a gentle touch，or even a bowl of soup.21．A.football B．baseballC．basketball D．debate22．A.happiness B．surpriseC．contact D．communication23．A.pushed B．knockedC．kicked D．lain24．A.impossible B．difficultC．unknown D．clear25．A.quarrel B．compete C．wrestled D．turn 26．A.disabled B．slight C．thin D．painful 27．A.sad B．joyful C．quick D．silent 28．A.criticized B．threatened C．troubled D．abused 29．A.waited B．heldC．fed D．taught 30．A.saw B．feltC．let D．kept 31．A.never B．evenC．also D．last 32．A.persuaded B．accepted C．saved D．loved 33．A.talk B．word C．memory D．belief 34．A.praises B．accidents C．surprises D．difficulties 35．A.rubbing B．patting C．wrapping D．pressing 36．A.up B．around C．down D．out37．A.realized B．crashed C．carried D．built 38．A.purpose B．feeling C．hobby D．career 39．A.therefore B．moreover C．also D．though 40．A.courage B．peakC．feet D．origin【答案】B阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
高考英语二轮复习专项突破：完形填空——说明文 (全国通用)(含高考真题分析)
完形填空——说明文距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
命题探究——研试题明考向说明文是对事物的特征、本质、性能、状态、用途、原理或事物的发生、发展、结果等进行介绍、解释、说明的一种文体。
说明文类完形填空多用一般现在时，其语言简练、平实、准确，常采用客观描述，其主题明确，层次分明。
高考说明文类完形填空往往在文章的开头就点明说明对象，从而为学生把握文章主题提供了有利条件。
而且，作者借助合理的说明顺序展开文章，使文章结构清晰，层次分明。
真题探究——解读命题之道(2022·全国乙卷)Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, there's something highly exciting about 41 someone else's glance and making oneself unable to be seen.However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably 42 at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies 43 ．For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was 44 as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our 45 research results in child developmental psychology 46 that idea.We brought young children aged 2－4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC．Each 47 sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 48 . We then asked the child if she could 49 or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn't. The same 50 happened when the adult covered her own mouth: 51 children said that they couldn't 52 to her.A number of 53 ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our young subjects 54 the questions and knew 55 what was asked of them. Their 56 to the questions reflected their true57 that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” They simply 58 mutual (相互的) recognition and regard. Our 59 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method 60 when others use it.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。
超实用高考英语专题强化训练：完形填空——说明文、议论文(解析版)
专题强化训练23完形填空——说明文、议论文（解析版）距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
Test 1(2022·哈师大附中高三第三次模拟)One of Switzerland's most popular ski areas has been covering mountain areas with cloth material in an effort to reduce ice melt over the summer.Workers have 1 large blankets of material around Mount Titlis, a ski area near the Swiss mountain town of Engelberg. The area contains a glacier (冰川) that has been 2 large amounts of ice over the past 20 years. The 3 cloth, made of a chemical material, is designed to 4 the sun. “Putting the blankets 5 the glacier provides a natural protective shield，” Gian Darms, whooversees snow conditions and mountain security in the area, explained to Reuters. Decreasing snow cover 6 higher temperatures presents a huge 7 to ski areas across Europe. Having a glacier can provide some protection from 8 change. It can help 9 large snow supplies on the mountain year-round. This snow can later be moved to fill in areas where it is needed.But the Swiss government has 10 that 90 percent of the country's remaining 1，500 glaciers will 11 by the end of the century 12 nothing is done to cut man-made pollution emissions. Darms said he has had to 13 increase the size of the blankets over the glacier in recent years to save what is 14 . A small group of 15 work over five-to-six weeks to cover parts of the glacier.16 the summer, the workers spend weeks removing the 17 ．Currently, the reflective material covers about 100，000 square meters, which is about the 18 of 14 football fields. The blankets help reflect the sun's energy 19 into the atmosphere.Collected 20 is used to fill openings in the glacier that could open up along the area's ski runs. The snow also helps support lift structures that are fixed into the ice.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。
2017年高考英语二轮复习测试专题三训练4说明文含解析
专题三完形填空训练4说明文A(2016·安徽江淮名校二次联考)With time flying，people become aged.Then many people even in their middle age often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be.We suddenly can't remember __1__ we put the keys just a moment ago，or an old friend's name，or the name of an old band we used to love.As the brain __2__，we refer to these occurrences as “senior moments”．__3__ seemingly innocent，this loss of mental focus can potentially have a (n) __4__ effect on our social and __5__ well－being.Neuroscientists，experts who study the nervous system，are increasingly showing that there's actually a lot that can be done.It __6__ out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do，and the right mental __7__ can significantly improve our basic cognitive (认知) __8__．Thinking is basically a __9__ of making connections in the brain.To a certain extent，our ability to __10__ in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited (继承)．__11__，because these connections are made through effort and practice，scientists believe that intelligence can expand and wave __12__ mental effort.Now，a new Web－based company has taken a step __13__ and developed the first “brain training programme”designed to actually help people improve and __14__ their mental sharpness.The Web－based programme __15__ you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills.The programme keeps a(n) __16__ of your progress and provides detailed feedback (反馈) __17__ your performance and improvement.Most importantly，it __18__ changes and improves the games you play to __19__ up the strengths you are developing—much like a (n) __20__ exercise routine which requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.【语篇解读】本文为说明文。
高考英语二轮总复习 第三部分 完形填空 专题二 说明文
keep
—which the Latino will in return regard as
.
分析:从第一句中,我们可以看出北欧人不喜欢与人(尤其是陌生人)有身体
上的接触。下一句话的信息告诉我们,在拉丁美洲人与人的接触却比较多。
接下来,作者用到了语篇标志词Therefore,由此可以推知这两种不同文化碰
We ordinary people should take pains to 5. ____p_a_r_t_ic_i_p_at_e____ (参加) in all the programs positively.At present,all the policies are in progress and our city will have a promising future,which we will be 6.___p_r_o_u_d____(骄傲) of.
例...Northern Europeans usually do not like having (bodily) contact(接触)even
with friends,and certainly not with (strangers).People from Latin American
countries,(on the other hand),touch each ther quite a lot.Therefore,it’s
撞的结果,即一个拉丁美洲人在谈话中跟着一个挪威人在屋里到处走。
3.细读行文内容,理清事实细节。 在阅读这类文章时,我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾,从主题句着手, 找出支持句,然后寻找文章的结论。这时,我们还要特别注意,不要被表面 的一些细节所迷惑,我们在理解细节的基础上,还要斟酌文字的内涵,从而 对文章进行深层次的理解。
【精选】高考英语二轮复习专题三完形填空第4讲说明文课件
32．A.checking B．sending C．adjusting D．stopping 答案：C 解析：选项中与 28 空前的 respond to 同义的只有 C 项 adjust(调节)。句意：你一上飞机就应该把自己的生物 钟加以调节，以适应目的地的时间。check“核对”； send“发送”；stop“阻止”。
二、标记关键词
利用上文和下文的逻辑关系，下文对上文的复现提 示，标记同义词、近义词。
【真题例析】(2015·重庆卷)
Imagine the first days in a new time zone.Slow to respond to the __28__ ， your body clock is confused.You're sleepy all day，but when it's time for bed，you can hardly fall asleep.Obviously you're __29__ jet lag (时差反应)．
专题三 完形填空
第 讲 说明文
说明文完形填空一般有明确的说明对象，这个对象 可以是实物，也可以是抽象的理论、概念、方法、技巧 或风俗习惯、节日庆典等。在英语中，天文地理、人情 世故、主观意识等宇宙的一切都可以通过说明文加以阐 述说明。
说明文一般语言简练，按照一定的规律介绍事物的 类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系等。常见的说明 文有人物介绍、产品说明、解说词、实验报告、习俗介 绍、节日介绍等。
34．A.though C．while 答案：D
B．so D．or
解析：前文提到，如果目的地是夜间，在飞行时应
该设法睡觉。然后空前面说要在飞行前吃饭。由此可知，
此处应该选 D 项 or(否则)。空后面是如果不那样做的结
2017年高三英语二轮复习专题三完形填空专题探究解题方略限时训练课件
(
)45.A.flames B．smoke
C．water D．steam
45．A。考查名词辨析及语境理解，涉及常识 支撑。 根据 the fire extinguisher (灭火器)和 the fire was put out 可知当时汽车是着火了。flame 火苗； smoke 烟；water 水；steam 蒸汽。故选 A。
54．C。根据上下文，联想到生活中的常识进 行选择。 根据 50 空可知我要预订回家的航班的机 票，本句中 Rani 很快帮我把机票打印出来。故 C 正确。
探究二
前后搭配类
1．知识归纳 完形填空中经常会测试一些固定结构和固定 句式，这时考生就需要用到习惯搭配及固定结构 来解题。 2．典题导法 例1 (2016· 全国卷Ⅱ) One morning，I had to __50__ an immediate flight home for a family emergency.I ran into
Rani's office __51__．The woman sitting at the desk ， __52__ my madness ， sympathetically jumped up.She gave me a __53__ smile，nodded while listening patiently， and then printed out the __54__immediately. ( )50.A.arrange B．postpone C．confirm D．book
文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的 提示；或许一个在前面不能解的题 ，在填出了另 一空后你就会豁然开朗。 3)复读全文，解决难题。借助已经补全的空 格，我们对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解 决遗留的少数疑难问题。 4)利用规律，不留空格。我们知道， 高考中 正确选项 A、B、C、D 的个数是均等的，几乎都 为 5 个。我们在做好有把握的题后，剩下的题哪 个字母的选项最少就选哪个字母，绝不留空。
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3.o I __37__ a letter from
seventeen-year-old Kerry ，who described herself as a worldclass fault-finder，almost always 38(bothered) by things. 37.A.received C.expected 答案 A B.answered D.rejected [ 几年前，我收到了一封来自十七岁的 Kerry 的
【典例剖析】
1.(2016· 浙江卷)The heat was__23__—almost 125° F even in the
shade of a cactus(仙人掌). 23.A.inflexible C.uncomfortable 答案 B.incomprehensible D.unbearable
这一主旨论点的。] 43.A.working B.living C.playing D.going
答案 C [选C项，孩子们玩新玩具。]
策略三 完形填空解题四防范
失分防范1 忽略上下语境关系
不少考生做完形填空时不顾对全文的整体理解，不考虑 作者的主旨、思想态度等，甚至不顾上下文的连贯逻辑，看一 题做一题，顾此失彼，造成较多的失误分。
The next morning, __38__， their happiness disappeared. Someone had left a 39(note) under their door during the night.One
of their neighbors had written to complain(抱怨) about the sound of
【典例剖析】
...I __44__ the bus and stood on the pavement not knowing what to do.I looked into the eyes of a 45(stranger)，who was trying to get past me.46(Surprisingly) ， instead of moving on ， she stopped to ask if I was 47(OK).After I explained my __48__ to her， she pointed to a bus stop across the street，where a bus would take me back into the city to my 49(appointment).Sitting there waiting，
信。收到来信用receive。answer a letter回信；expect期待，
预料；reject拒绝。]
2.逻辑关系法
作者在对事物的步骤、过程等进行说明时，为了表达的
需要，通常会运用并列、转折、递进等写作手法，这些信息是 解题的重要依据。
【典例剖析】
1.(2015· 安 徽 卷 )__40__modern manufacturing ( 制 造 业 ) and
45.A.voyage
B.movement
C.change
答案 A
D.rush
[根据句意“„„邀请学生开始令人激动地对未知
世界的探索之旅 „„” 。所以应填 voyage“ 航行 ” 。 B 项侧 重于“短暂的行为活动”，而作者意为“伟大的历程”，而 C项“改变”，D项“匆忙，急促”更与文章主旨无关。]
apartment.The living room was large enough for their piano.That
night, the two of them 36(sat) side by side at the piano.They played jazz music to celebrate their new home.The loud 37(music) filled the room and made them feel very happy.
44.A.looked at C.got off 答案 C
B.waited for D.ran into
[根据上文可知，“我”下了公交车，站在人行道
上不知所措。根据语境可知 C项正确。有不少考生不顾上文 语境而误选B项“等公交车”，导致错误。]
48.A.idea
C.excuse 答案 D
B.motivation
答案 D [从下文的“Mountains of rubbish just keep getting
bigger.” 可知，在全世界我们都可以看到这种一次性的生 活 方 式 所 带 来 的 后 果 (consequences) 。 advantage 好 处 ； purpose目的；function功能。]
第3课时 说明文、议论文类完形填空
⊙怎么考 说明类完形填空常用言简意赅的文字，按照一定的方法 介绍说明做某事的步骤、过程、方法等。而议论文类完形填空 通常围绕某一论点，通过推理、归纳、对比和分析等手法加以 说明。对两类文体的设题仍然以实词为主，考查学生的语言综
合运用能力。
⊙怎么学
在平时的阅读训练中，对于说明文，要注意文中涉及到
[第一句as a general rule点明主旨：通常情况下，
当所有的活动以常规形式进行的时候就会变得无聊。下文的 多处选项均可围绕这一主旨选择答案，故选A项，表示作者
提出的是一般性的规律。]
42.A.parties 答案 D B.races C.countries D.ages
[根据下文各个年龄段的人群，选D项，也是围绕
是 “companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively”的原因，因此用thanks to“多亏，由于”。 as to至于；except for除了；regardless of不管，不考虑。]
2.(2015·北 京 卷 )Dario and his mother loved their new
41(neighbors) and apologize for their playing.
38.A.therefore
B.however
C.otherwise
D.instead
答案 B [根据上文中的“made them feel very happy”以及 空后的“their happiness disappeared”可知，此处应为转折关 系，故用however。]
D [根据...—almost 125° F even in the shade of a
cactus(仙人掌)可知，沙漠环境让人难以承受。故选D。]
2.(2015· 安徽卷)All around the world，we can see the__50__of
this throwaway lifestyle.Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. 50.A.advantages C.functions B.purposes D.consequences
的定义、举例说明等具体信息。对于议论文要注意掌握全文主 旨，抓住每段的首句、尾句、主题句，理清文章的论点、论据 和结论。 ⊙怎么解
针对两种文体的特点，最常用、有效的方法有：寻找信
息法；逻辑关系法；围绕主旨，上下求证法。
1.寻找信息法
完形填空寻找信息通常通过上下文的语境来进行。这样， 上下文通常会有和解题相关的信息，这些信息可以帮助学生解 题，从而选出正确答案。
I felt __50__ that someone had been willing to help.Then，hearing
a horn(喇叭)nearby，I looked up to see a car with my new friend 51(waving) at me to get in...
D.situation [根据上下文语境，当“我”向她解释了“我”的
处境之后„„，situation处境，境况，故选D。此选项如果忽 略上下语境则容易误选其它选项。]
50.A.afraid C.certain 答案 B
B.grateful D.disappointed [根据上下文，有人愿意主动帮“我”，“我”非
through scientific 47(methods)...
44.A.described
C.saw 答案 C
B.respected
D.served
[句意：他可能把自己看成是在邀请学生去探索未
知 世 界 。 see...as... 把 „„ 看 成 ， 所 以 应 选 C 项 。 describe...as... “ 把 „ „ 描 述 为 ” ； respect...as...“ 把 „„ 尊 为”；serve as“充当”；虽然搭配都对，但如果忽略上下文 语境意义，则容易导致误选。]
常感激 (grateful) 。根据语境及常识可知 B 项正确。如果忽略 下文语境“我”的思想，则容易误选D项。]
失分防范2 忽略搭配与词义的推敲
【典例剖析】
...Twenty years later，the 43(woman) could guess what the professor had in mind.He __44__ himself，perhaps，as inviting his students to start an exciting __45__ into an unknown world invisible(无形的) to the 46(eye)，which can be discovered only
失分防范3 偏离主题，忽略作者意图
完形填空设置选项往往在词性、词义上都是一致、相似