中国文化概况(修订版)Chapter 9
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中国文化概况A Glimpse of Chinese Culture(修订版)Chapter 12--World Heritage Sites
Natural Heritage
Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas
• Located in the mountainous northwest of Yunnan province • refer to the areas where the Jinsha River, the Lancang River and the Nujiang River flow roughly parallel through steep gorges • numerous natural resources and traditional customs of multiple ethnic minorities • harbour the richest biodiversity among the temperate areas of the world
Cultural and Natural Heritage
Cultural and Natural Heritage
Mount Wuyi • Located south of Wuyishan city, Fujian province • subtropical virgin forests and many attractions of exceptional scenic quality • also known for its great historic and cultural value
Natural Heritage
Natural Heritage
Huanglong Scenic and Historic Interest Area • Located in Songpan county, northwest of Sichuan province • Its most important feature is the outstanding karst formation. • tall arbours and shrubs, vines, herbs and moss, as well as rare and endangered plants that only China has. • enjoys the reputation of “Kingdom of Cold Temperate Plants”. • boasts more than 30 species of national Grade-A and Grade-B protected animals
中国文化概况
中国文化概况
Shadow boxing ➢ A school of Chinese popular martial arts marked for slow and gentle movements that are designed for defense, strengthening of physique and prevention of diseases.
中国文化概况
中国文化概况
Traditional Physical Activities
Martial arts (Wushu 武术) Distinguished Chinese Martial Arts
中国文化概况
Martial arts
Wushu is also called Kong fu. According to the
formation of Chinese characters, 武 (wu) is made up of 止 and 戈. The former means “stop” while the later means “dagger-axe” or “any kind of weapon”. The combination of the two means stopping martial actions. With 术 (shu), which means strategies, together, the term means “using methods and skills to stop martial actions and activities”. Another meaning of this word is the martial activities between two people or two groups with the weapons.
Shadow boxing ➢ A school of Chinese popular martial arts marked for slow and gentle movements that are designed for defense, strengthening of physique and prevention of diseases.
中国文化概况
中国文化概况
Traditional Physical Activities
Martial arts (Wushu 武术) Distinguished Chinese Martial Arts
中国文化概况
Martial arts
Wushu is also called Kong fu. According to the
formation of Chinese characters, 武 (wu) is made up of 止 and 戈. The former means “stop” while the later means “dagger-axe” or “any kind of weapon”. The combination of the two means stopping martial actions. With 术 (shu), which means strategies, together, the term means “using methods and skills to stop martial actions and activities”. Another meaning of this word is the martial activities between two people or two groups with the weapons.
中国文化概要
中国文化概要中国文化概要一、基本情况：课程编号：12030058课程名称：中国文化概要学时学分：54/3适用专业：对外汉语课程类型：专业必修课二、课程简介：《中国文化概要》是为对外汉语专业开的一门必修课。
根据对外汉语专业的学科定位及其自身特点，我们认为中国文化概论既是一门对外汉语专业学生必须具备的基本素质课程，也是一门对外汉语教学的辅助课程。
它主要讲授古代文化发展的轮廓及一些相关的基本知识，概要介绍中国文化的特点，中国文化的发展趋势及了解中国民族文化的必要性；具体介绍我国古代学术思想、宗教信仰、古代教育、科举制度、风俗习惯、中外文化交流，简要了解我国的地理状况、历史发展、典籍藏书、科技成就、传统建筑、各类艺术，适当比较民族文化与西方文化。
通过学习，不仅使学生进一步完善知识结构，扩展知识面，而且使学生对祖国文化的博大精深有一个大致的了解，从而增强民族自豪感和自信心。
三、先修课程要求：《中国文化概要》跨度长，积淀深厚，内容涉及到一些古代文献，学生必须首先在语言方面具备一定的素质，所以学习本课程之前，应该先修古代汉语、现代汉语课程，在具备了基本的古代和现代语言知识和阅读水平之后，才能弄懂各种文化现象，进一步挖掘其中的文化精髓。
其次，课程中包含的古代艺术文化也要求学生具有一定的欣赏常识，因此学生在文学方面先修一部分文学和文学概论课，才能深刻理解各种艺术的深刻内涵。
四、教学目的和要求：《中国文化概要》的教学目的是使学生掌握中国文化发展的线索，了解中国文化的主要门类、代表人物与主要成就，分析中国文化的产生背景与总体特征，展望中国文化的发展方向，进一步拓宽知识面，为今后在对外汉语教学中分析解决各种可能的文化冲突做好必要的知识储备。
作为一门对外汉语教学的辅助课程，学生应该学会从文化与语言教学的关系方面去思考问题，能用自己的语言把所学知识加以叙述、解释和归纳；能运用历史唯物主义理论，独立地分析、评价中国文化史上的文化现象、代表人物和文化成就，使学生具备初步分析中国文化和传播中国文化的能力。
中国文化概论(第二版)·第九章·第三节(一)
第三节 俗文化与中国古典小说、戏曲的辉煌成就
与文化传统的大小相应 ，士大夫的诗赋 、古文等构 成雅文学 ，出于民间的风谣 、 乐歌等 “口头文学 ”则是所 谓“俗文学 ”。关于何为 “俗文学”，郑振铎认为：“„俗文学‟ 就是通俗的文学，就是民间的文学，也就是大众的 文学，换一句话，所谓俗文学就是不登大雅之堂， 不为士大夫所重视而流行于民间，成为大众所嗜 好，所喜悦的东西。” “差不多除诗与散文外，凡重 要的文体，像小说、戏曲、变文、弹词之类，都要 归到„俗文学‟的范围里去。”宋元以降，以市民为主 要接受、消费对象的古代白话小说和戏曲勃兴发 展，成为俗文学的主要代表形式。作为流行于城市 中的小说、戏曲等通俗文学，以现实市井社会的世 俗生活或世俗化的历史为主要表现内容，以消费文 化的方式进入市民生活，其主要接受对象（听众、 观众、读者）是市民阶层，与商业化传播方式相应， 年轻时代的郑振铎和妻子高君箴 年轻时代的郑振铎和妻子高君箴 其主要的功能是娱乐性。
元代皮影三顾茅庐（上） 宋代绘画小青小影（下）
市井细民的婚姻观
小说话本中，市井细民的婚姻观 念中“父母之命，媒人之约”已不再是 绝对恪守的。那些情爱故事往往突出 女子的大胆、主动，私订终身。像贩 海商人之女周胜仙与开酒店的范二郎 一见钟情，甚至死后鬼魂仍与范相会 （《闹樊楼多情周胜仙》 ）。
在话本作者看来，不论以何种方式结合，只 要情真意切，甚至能超越生死。小说话本也从男 女之欲是难以违反的天性角度肯定其合理性，并 在婚姻观念中表现为早婚、早嫁的观念。公案小 说也往往是以两性关系作穿插线索或将男女离合 死生事件置于刑案背景之下（《简帖和尚》） 。
隋代说唱俑（上） 宋代西夏乐班壁画（下）
二、话本小说的产生和发展
宋代的小说话本在发展之初就是非常丰 富的。宋人罗烨《醉翁谈录》著录“小说”名目 就有 108 种，这些名目在当时应有写定之本流 传 。 宋至元的小说话本少量幸存篇目则经过 明人的润色、改写，收于明人编刊的各种选集 如 《清平山堂话本 》、《喻世明言 》（《古今 小说 》） 、 《 警世通言 》 、 《 醒世恒言 》 中 。 据判断现存在各种集子中的原属宋代小 说话本者有40种，属元代作 品者有16种。明中叶后，伴 随着城市商品经济的再度发 展繁荣和印刷业的进步，作 为通俗文学的话本终于走出 低谷，迎来了新局面，洪唵 编刊了第一部话本小说总集 《清平山堂话本》。
中国文化概况 Chapter 9
1. Chinese Food (30 minutes) 2. Chinese Tea (15 minutes) 3. Chinese Wine (15 minutes)
讨论 (10 minutes)
学生课件展示 (30 minutes)
Chinese Food
The Features of Chinese Food Eight Regional Cuisines Table Manners
Fujian Cuisine, also known as Min Cai, is noted for its light taste and sweet and sour flavour. The cooking puts great emphasis on choosing the choicest ingredients, and is thus particularly apt in preparing seafood dishes.
Eight Regional Cuisines
Foods vary from north to south. Tastes also differ regionally because of the climatic differences. One popular summary of Chinese food is “sweet in the south, salty in the north, sour in the west and spicy in the east”.
Jiangsu Cuisine, also known as Su Cai, has characteristically sweet taste. It preserves the food’s original flavour, while emphasising strictly choice ingredients, exquisite workmanship, and elegant shapes.
中国文化概况(修订版)Chapter-5
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Ancient Science and Technology
Four Great Inventions Traditional Chinese Medicine Other Impressive Ancient Inventions
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Traditional Chinese Medicine
21
Other Impressive Ancient Inventions
Porcelain
• made generally from clay • heated at a high degree • the first glazing color is blue
Abacus
• an early form of calculator
compass
printing
gunpowder
paper-making
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Four Great Inventions
Compass
• shows geographic directions • use the earth’s magnetic field • enables international trade and exploration • denotes eight main directions • helpful for the explorations of Zheng
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Four Great Inventions
Printing
• known as “mother of civilization” • includes block printing and movable type printing • block printing is time-consuming and the blocks become useless after the printing • movable type printing is more convenient with the pieces being durable and reusable
Ancient Science and Technology
Four Great Inventions Traditional Chinese Medicine Other Impressive Ancient Inventions
15
Traditional Chinese Medicine
21
Other Impressive Ancient Inventions
Porcelain
• made generally from clay • heated at a high degree • the first glazing color is blue
Abacus
• an early form of calculator
compass
printing
gunpowder
paper-making
9
Four Great Inventions
Compass
• shows geographic directions • use the earth’s magnetic field • enables international trade and exploration • denotes eight main directions • helpful for the explorations of Zheng
13
Four Great Inventions
Printing
• known as “mother of civilization” • includes block printing and movable type printing • block printing is time-consuming and the blocks become useless after the printing • movable type printing is more convenient with the pieces being durable and reusable
中国文化概况
中国文化概况中国文化概况1.天何言哉？四时行焉，百草生焉，天何言哉？Heaven does not speak in words. It speaks through the rotation of the four seasons and the growth of all living things.2.生生之谓易。
Continuous creation of life is change.3.天地之大德曰生。
The great virtue of Heaven and Earth is creating life.4.获罪于天，无所祷也。
He who offends against Heaven has none to whom he can pray.5.仁者，人也，亲亲为大。
The greatest love for people is the love for one’s parents.6.父母在，不远游，游必有方。
Children should not travel far while their parents are alive. If they have no choice but to do so, they must retain some restraint.7.父母之年，不可不知也。
一则以喜，一则以惧。
Children should think often of the age of their parents. They should feel feel happy for the healthy and longevity of their parents. They should also feel concern for the aging of their parents.8.己欲立而立人，己欲达而达人。
While fulfilling one’s own desires, allow others to fulfill theirs.9.己所不欲，勿施于人。
中国文化概论-2024鲜版
使用规范
遵循国家语言文字工作委员会发布的《现代汉语通 用字表》、《普通话异读词审音表》等规范标准， 注意避免使用生僻字和异体字，正确使用标点符号 等。
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03
哲学思想与宗教信仰自由政策
Chapter
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儒家思想体系及其影响
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儒家思想的核心观念
仁、义、礼、智、信等。
经典剧目欣赏
各剧种都有其经典剧目，如京剧《穆 桂英挂帅》、豫剧《花木兰》、越剧 《红楼梦》等。
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传统美术创作理念和代表作品
传统美术创作理念
注重意境的表现和情感的传达，追求笔墨的韵味和画面的诗意。
代表作品
中国传统美术作品丰富多样，如山水画、花鸟画、人物画等，代表作品有《清明上河图》、《富春山居图》等。
天文图谱与星表 古代中国天文学家编制了多种天文图谱和星表，如《石氏 星表》、《步天歌》等，为天文研究提供了重要资料。
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医学理论体系构建及治疗方法探讨
中医理论体系
中医以阴阳五行学说为 基础，构建了独特的医 学理论体系，包括脏腑 经络学说、病因病机学 说、诊法治则学说等。
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中药与方剂
地域性
中国文化具有鲜明的地域特色，不同地域的文化在饮食、建筑、 艺术等方面表现出多样性。
民族性
中国文化是多元一体的，由56个民族共同创造，各民族的文化 相互交融、相互影响。
包容性
中国文化具有强大的包容性，能够吸收和融合外来文化，形成独 特的文化景观。
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历史传承与发展脉络
历史传承
中国文化具有悠久的历史传承，自古至今，文化传承从未中断，形成了独特的文化传统。
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Discussion & Presentation
4
Lead-in Activity
Discuss Watch the video and discuss why do young people like qipao now? Work in groups and discuss how would you like to introduce qipao to your foreign friend.
11
Development of Chinese Costume
Clothes in Spring and Autumn and Warring States • in different styles • different states use different styles of clothes to display their state identity
Costumes of Chinese Ethnic
Minorities
7
Development of Chinese Costume
Before reading the text, can you tell the differences of the clothes in different times?
9
Development of Chinese Costume
Origin of Chinese Costume
• people covered themselves with natural materials like leaves, grasses and animal furs • with the invention of sewing, better clothes are made possible • assists in people’s adaptability, resulting in the expansion of territories and the increase in productivity
14
Development of Chinese Costume
Clothes in Tang Dynasty • the styles became more varied as the society was more open to the outside world • women didn’t have to abide by the traditional dress code • parts of their bodies can be exposed
13
Development of Chinese Costume
Clothes in Wei, Jin, and Southern and Northern dynasties • classified into two categories: the folk costume and the official costume • folk costume: close-fitting, round-collared and vented • official costume: in formal style
中国文化概况
A GLIMPSE OF CHINESE CULTURE
1
Chapter 9
Costume & Adornment
2
学习目标
•介绍中国服饰发展概况； •了解中国服饰元素及技艺； •了解中国少数民族服饰。
3
Overview
Lead-in Activity
Chinese Clothes
8
Development of Chinese Costume
Origins of Chinese Costume Zhou dynasty Spring and Autumn and Warring States Qin dynasty Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern dynasties Tang dynasty Song dynasty Yuan dynasty Ming dynasty Qing dynasty Modern clothes
5
Overview
Lead-in Activity
Chinese Clothes
Discussion & Presentation
6
Text Study
Development of Chinese Costume
Distinct Features of Chinese Costume
Typical Chinlopment of Chinese Costume
Clothes in Qin and Han Dynasties • style of clothes is changed dramatically • mostly in black in Qin dynasty • mostly in red in Han dynasty
10
Development of Chinese Costume
Clothes in Zhou dynasty • rules of clothes etiquette started in the Zhou dynasty • sacrificial attire, court attire, army uniform, mourning attire and wedding attire are classified
15
Development of Chinese Costume
Clothes in Song Dynasty • simple and natural • during the period, casual wear appeared • fashionable for women to bind their feet • foot binding didn’t die out until in the early 20th century
4
Lead-in Activity
Discuss Watch the video and discuss why do young people like qipao now? Work in groups and discuss how would you like to introduce qipao to your foreign friend.
11
Development of Chinese Costume
Clothes in Spring and Autumn and Warring States • in different styles • different states use different styles of clothes to display their state identity
Costumes of Chinese Ethnic
Minorities
7
Development of Chinese Costume
Before reading the text, can you tell the differences of the clothes in different times?
9
Development of Chinese Costume
Origin of Chinese Costume
• people covered themselves with natural materials like leaves, grasses and animal furs • with the invention of sewing, better clothes are made possible • assists in people’s adaptability, resulting in the expansion of territories and the increase in productivity
14
Development of Chinese Costume
Clothes in Tang Dynasty • the styles became more varied as the society was more open to the outside world • women didn’t have to abide by the traditional dress code • parts of their bodies can be exposed
13
Development of Chinese Costume
Clothes in Wei, Jin, and Southern and Northern dynasties • classified into two categories: the folk costume and the official costume • folk costume: close-fitting, round-collared and vented • official costume: in formal style
中国文化概况
A GLIMPSE OF CHINESE CULTURE
1
Chapter 9
Costume & Adornment
2
学习目标
•介绍中国服饰发展概况； •了解中国服饰元素及技艺； •了解中国少数民族服饰。
3
Overview
Lead-in Activity
Chinese Clothes
8
Development of Chinese Costume
Origins of Chinese Costume Zhou dynasty Spring and Autumn and Warring States Qin dynasty Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern dynasties Tang dynasty Song dynasty Yuan dynasty Ming dynasty Qing dynasty Modern clothes
5
Overview
Lead-in Activity
Chinese Clothes
Discussion & Presentation
6
Text Study
Development of Chinese Costume
Distinct Features of Chinese Costume
Typical Chinlopment of Chinese Costume
Clothes in Qin and Han Dynasties • style of clothes is changed dramatically • mostly in black in Qin dynasty • mostly in red in Han dynasty
10
Development of Chinese Costume
Clothes in Zhou dynasty • rules of clothes etiquette started in the Zhou dynasty • sacrificial attire, court attire, army uniform, mourning attire and wedding attire are classified
15
Development of Chinese Costume
Clothes in Song Dynasty • simple and natural • during the period, casual wear appeared • fashionable for women to bind their feet • foot binding didn’t die out until in the early 20th century