2017届上海市普陀区高三下学期质量调研物理试卷(带解析)

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2017年上海市普通高中学业水平等级性考试物理试题+Word版含答案

2017年上海市普通高中学业水平等级性考试物理试题+Word版含答案

2017年上海市普通高中学业水平等级性考试物理 试卷考生注意:1.试卷满分100分,考试时间60分钟。

2.本考试分设试卷和答题纸。

试卷包括三部分,第一部分为选择题,第二部分为填空题,第三部分为综台题。

3.答题前,务必在答题纸上填写姓名、报名号、考场号和座位号,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。

作答必须涂或写在答题纸上,在试卷上作答一律不得分。

第一部分的作答必须涂在答题纸上相应的区域,第二、三部分的作答必须写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置。

一、选择题(共40分。

第1-8小题,每小题3分,第9-12小题,每小题4分。

每小题只有一个正确答案。

)1.由放射性元素放出的氦核流被称为( ) (A )阴极射线(B )α射线(C )β射线(D )γ射线2.光子的能量与其( ) (A )频率成正比 (B )波长成正比 (C )速度成正比(D )速度平方成正比3.在同位素氢、氘,氚的核内具有相同的( ) (A )核子数(B )电子数(C )中子数(D )质子数4.用单色光照射位于竖直平面内的肥皂液薄膜,所观察到的干涉条纹为( )5.如图,在匀强电场中,悬线一端固定于地面,另一端拉住一个带电小球,使之处于静止状态。

忽略空气阻力,当悬线断裂后,小球将做( )(A ) (B ) (C )(D )(A )曲线运动(B )匀速直线运动 (C )匀加速直线运动(D )变加速直线运动6.一碗水置于火车车厢内的水平桌面上。

当火车向右做匀减速运动时,水面形状接近于图( )7.从大型加速器射出的电子束总能量约为500GeV (1GeV =1.6×10-10J ),此能量最接近( ) (A )一只爬行的蜗牛的动能 (B )一个奔跑的孩子的动能 (C )一辆行驶的轿车的动能(D )一架飞行的客机的动能8.一个密闭容器由固定导热板分隔为体积相同的两部分,分别装有质量不等的同种气体。

当两部分气体稳定后,它们的( ) (A )密度相同(B )分子数相同(C )分子平均速率相同(D )分子间平均距离相同9.将四个定值电阻a 、b 、c 、d 分别接入电路,测得相应的电流、电压值如图所示。

上海2017高三物理二模试卷(含答案)

上海2017高三物理二模试卷(含答案)

(A ) (B )(D )(C )2016学年第二学期高三物理教学质量检测试卷考生注意:1.答题前,务必在试卷与答题纸上填写学校、姓名、准考证号。

2.试卷满分100分,考试时间60分钟。

3.本考试分设试卷和答题纸。

试卷包括三大部分,第一部分为单项选择题,第二部分为填空题,第三部分为综合题。

4.作答必须涂或写在答题纸上相应的位置,在试卷上作答无效。

一、单项选择题(共40分,1至8题每小题3分,9至12题每小题4分。

每小题只有一个正确选项)1.气体温度由-20℃升高到27℃,用热力学温标表示是升高了 (A )47K(B )320K(C )226K(D )280K2.将激光束照在如图所示的双缝上,在光屏上观察到的现象是下图中的3.如图所示,在演示光电效应的实验中,用弧光灯发出的紫外光照射锌板,发现与锌板导线相连接的验电器的指针张开一个角度。

则用下列电磁波照射锌板也一定能使验电器指针张开的是 (A )可见光 (B )γ射线 (C )红外光(D )无线电波4.下列行星中有与地球类似的坚硬岩石外壳的是 (A )土星(B )金星(C )海王星(D )天王星5.决定放射性元素衰变快慢的是(A )环境温度的高低(B )容器内压强的大小(C )放射源质量的多少(D )核内部自身的因素6.一气泡从湖底上升到湖面,若温度保持不变,此过程中气泡中气体 (A )分子的平均动能变大(B )分子的平均动能变小 (C )分子间的作用力变大(D )分子间的作用力变小 7.磁通量的单位Wb 用基本单位可表示为 (A )kg A·s(B )kg·m 2A·s 2 (C )kg·m 2A (D )kgA·s28.两个物体从t =0时刻起先后开始做自由落体运动,同时落地,则正确描述它们运动的v-t 图是 9.如图,水平直线表示电场中的一条电场线,A 、B 为电场线上的两点。

一负点电荷仅在电场力作用下,从静止开始由A 向B 做匀加速运动。

2017上海物理水平等级考+答案

2017上海物理水平等级考+答案

2017年上海市普通高中学业水平等级性考试物理试卷考生注意:1.试卷满分100分,考试时间60分钟。

2.本考试分设试卷和答题纸。

试卷包括三部分,第一部分为选择题,第二部分为填空题,第三部分为综台题。

3.答题前,务必在答题纸上填写姓名、报名号、考场号和座位号,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。

作答必须涂或写在答题纸上,在试卷上作答一律不得分。

第一部分的作答必须涂在答题纸上相应的区域,第二、三部分的作答必须写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置。

一、选择题(共40分。

第1-8小题,每小题3分,第9-12小题,每小题4分。

每小题只有一个正确答案。

)1.由放射性元素放出的氦核流被称为()(A)阴极射线(B)α射线(C)β射线(D)γ射线2.光子的能量与其()(A)频率成正比(B)波长成正比(C)速度成正比(D)速度平方成正比3.在同位素氢、氘,氚的核内具有相同的()(A)核子数(B)电子数(C)中子数(D)质子数4.用单色光照射位于竖直平面内的肥皂液薄膜,所观察到的干涉条纹为()(A)(B)(C)(D)5.如图,在匀强电场中,悬线一端固定于地面,另一端拉住一个带电小球,使之处于静止状态。

忽略空气阻力,当悬线断裂后,小球将做( )(A )曲线运动 (B )匀速直线运动 (C )匀加速直线运动(D )变加速直线运动6.一碗水置于火车车厢内的水平桌面上。

当火车向右做匀减速运动时,水面形状接近于图( )7.从大型加速器射出的电子束总能量约为500GeV (1GeV =1.6×10-10J ),此能量最接近( )(A )一只爬行的蜗牛的动能 (B )一个奔跑的孩子的动能 (C )一辆行驶的轿车的动能 (D )一架飞行的客机的动能8.一个密闭容器由固定导热板分隔为体积相同的两部分,分别装有质量不等的同种气体。

当两部分气体稳定后,它们的( ) (A )密度相同 (B )分子数相同(C )分子平均速率相同 (D )分子间平均距离相同9.将四个定值电阻a 、b 、c 、d 分别接入电路,测得相应的电流、电压值如图所示。

上海市普陀区高三下学期物理二模质量检测试卷解析版

上海市普陀区高三下学期物理二模质量检测试卷解析版

高三下学期物理二模质量检测试卷一、单项选择题1.用α粒子轰击得到了和一种粒子,这种粒子是〔〕A. 电子B. 质子C. 中子D. 正电子2.如图,某同学用激光器作为光源,在不透光的挡板上开一条窄缝,进行光的衍射实验。

在光屏上观察到的图样可能是图中的〔〕A. B. C. D.3.在“用DIS测变速直线运动的瞬时速度〞学生实验中,除需要用计算机、数据采集器、小车、轨道及配件外,还需要的仪器有〔〕A. 秒表B. 米尺C. 位移传感器D. 光电门传感器和挡光片4.用光照射某种金属,金属外表有电子逸出。

假设保持入射光的频率不变,减小入射光的强度,那么〔〕A. 光电子的最大初动能减小B. 光电子的最大初动能保持不变C. 可能无电子从金属外表逸出D. 单位时间内逸出的光电子数目不变m,每个气体分子的质量和体积分别为m和V0,那么阿伏加德罗常数N A可表示为〔〕A. N A=B. N A=C. N A=D. N A=6.质量相等的甲、乙、丙三个物体,分别只受大小为F1和F2、方向如图的两个力作用。

甲、乙、丙三个物体产生的加速度大小分别为a甲、a乙、a丙,那么〔〕A. a甲>a乙>a丙B. a丙>a乙>a甲C. a甲=a乙=a丙D. a乙>a丙>a甲7.如图,一弹性绳上有S1和S2两个波源,P点为S1和S2连线的中点。

两个波源同时开始振动发出两个相向传播的波1和波2,波长分别为λ1和λ2〔λ1>λ2〕,那么两列波〔〕A. 频率相同B. 同时到达P点C. 相遇时,发生干预现象D. 相遇时,波长均变大8.如图,人骑自行车在水平路面沿直线行进。

当人停止蹬车后,自行车受阻力作用做减速运动,直至速度减为零。

此过程中克服阻力做功为W,人停止蹬车时自行车的速度为v,符合实际情况的W-v图像为图中的〔〕A. B.C. D.9.一定质量的理想气体,温度为0ºC时压强为p0。

经过等容变化后,温度变为T=〔t+273〕K时压强为p,在此过程中气体温度每升高1ºC,对应压强的增量Δp不能表达为〔〕A. B. C. D.10.如图,地球在椭圆轨道上运动,太阳位于椭圆的一个焦点上。

2017届上海市普陀区高考二模试卷(含答案)

2017届上海市普陀区高考二模试卷(含答案)

普陀区2016学年高三年级第二次学业质量调研测试英语学科试卷(时间120分钟,满分140分)考生注意:I.本试卷共12页。

满分140分。

考试时间120分钟。

2.答题前,考生务必在答题卡(纸)上用钢笔或水笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号,并用铅笔正确涂写准考证号。

3.答案必须全部涂写在答题卡(纸)上。

第1-20小题,第31-70小题,均由机器阅卷,考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用铅笔涂黑。

注意试题题号和答题纸编号一一对应,不能错位。

答案需要更改时,必须将原选项擦去,重新选择。

答案不能涂写在试卷上,涂写在试卷上一律不给分。

第21-30小题,第IV, V大题(即第72-75小题)和VI大题,其答案用钢笔或水笔写在答题纸上,如用铅笔答题或写在试卷上也一律不给分。

I. Listening Comprehension(略)II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Wildlife in DeclineThe populations of Earth’s wild vertebrates (脊椎动物)have declined by 58% over the past four decades, according to the Living Planet Report 2016 published by the World Wildlife Fund.Climate change and activities such as deforestation and poaching(偷猎)are in large part (21)______(blame) for the decline. If the trend continues, by 2020, the world (22)________(lose) two-thirds of its vertebrate biodiversity. “Sadly, there is no sign yet (23)________ this rate will decrease,” the report says.“Across land, fresh water and the oceans, human activities are forcing wildlife populations to the edge," says Marco Lambertini, director-general of WWF International.The Living Planet Report is published every two years. It aims to provide an assessment of the state of the world’s wildlife. The 2016 study included 3700 different species of birds, fish, mammals, amphibians and reptiles around the world. The team collected data from more than 3000 sources, including government statistics and surveys (24) ______ (carry) out by conservation groups. They then analyzed (25) ______ the population sizes had changed over time.Lambertini said some groups of animals had done worse than others. ''We do see particularly strong declines (26) ______ the freshwater environment. For freshwater species alone, the decline stands at 81% since 1970. This is related to the way that water (27)________(use) and taken out of freshwater systems, and also to the fragmentation(分裂)of freshwater systems through dam building, for example.”The report also highlighted other species, such as African elephants, (28) ________ nave suffered huge declines in recent years, and sharks, which are threatened by overfishing.(29) ________ ________ ________ all the terrifying facts, however, some conservationists say there is still hope. “One of the things that I think is the most important is that these wild animals haven't yet gone extinct,” said Robin Freeman,head of the Zoological Societ y of London. “On the whole, (30) ________ are not dying out, andthat means we still have opportunities to do something about the decline.”Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.My job puts me in contact with extraordinary leaders in many fields. So I tend to ____31____ a lot on leadership and how we can inspire successful teamwork, cooperation, and partnerships. In my experience, it is clear that the most successful leaders—both men and women—always demonstrate three ____32____ traits.TrustworthinessLeaders must set an example of honesty and justice and earn the trust of their teams through their everyday actions. When you do so with positive energy and enthusiasm for ____33____ goals and purpose, you can deeply connect with your team and customers. A culture of trust enables you to empower employees and ____34____ the foundation for communication, accountability, and continuous improvement.Compassion (共情)You can't forget that organizational success ____35____ from the hearts and minds of the men and women you lead. Rather than treating your people as you’d like to be treated, treat them as they would like to be treated. Small gestures like choosing face-to-face meetings or sending personal ____36____ can have an enormous impact on the spirits of the teams. In addition to thanks and praise, you must also understand people’s needs, pressures, and individual goals, which will allow you to lead them more effectively and ____37____ to their personal ambitions and professional development.DecisivenessIn times of ____38____ employees long for clarity. As a leader, you won't always have all of the answers—no one expects you to—so you must be open to listening and learning from others. Once you understand a particular challenge and ____39____ the options, you have to be confident in making bold and optimistic decisions.Successful leadership demands a lifelong commitment to sharpening these three basic skills. Wherever you have the opportunity to ____40____, the qualities of trustworthiness, compassion, and decisiveness are the keys to leadership and organizational success.Boxing is a popular sport that many people seem to be fascinated by. Newspapers, magazines and sports programmes on TV frequently ____41____ boxing matches. Professional boxers earn a lot of money, and successful boxers are ____42____ as big heroes.It seems to me that some people, especially men, find it ____43____ because it is an aggressive sport. When they watch a boxing match, they can t ____44____ the winning boxer, and this gives them the feeling of being a t ____45____ themselves. It is a fact that many people have feelings of aggressionIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Boxing is a popular sport that many people seem to be fascinated by . Newspapers , magazines and sports programmes on TV frequently _________boxing matches . Professional boxers earn a lot of money , and successful boxers are _______as big heroes.It seems to me that people , especially men ,find it _______because it is an aggressive sport . When they watch a boxing match , they can _______ the winning boxer , and this gives them the feeling of being a ______ themselves . It is a fact that many people have feeling of aggression from time to time , but they cannot show their _______in their everyday lives . Watching a boxing match gives them an outlet for this aggression .However , there is a ______side to boxing . It can be a very dangerous sport . Although boxers wear gloves during the fights , and amateur boxers ______have to wear helmets , there have frequently been accident in both professional and amateur boxing , sometimes with ________consequences . Boxers have suffered from head injuries , and occasionally , fighters have even been killed as a result of being knocked out in the__________. Furthermore , studies have shown that there are often long-term effects of boxing , in the form of serious brain _______,even if a boxer has never been knocked out .I am personally not at all in ______of aggressive sports like boxing . I think it would be better if less time was _______to aggressive sports on TV, and we welcomed more men and women from non-aggressive sports as our heroes and heroines in our society . I believe that the world is aggressive enough already ! Of course , people like _______sports , and so do I , but I think that ______other people in an aggressive way is not something that should be regarded as a sport.41. A. broadcast B. cover C. host D. design42. A. kept B. individual C. thought D. treated43. A. appealing B. subjective C. violent D. challenging44. A. pick up B. believe in C. identify with D. long for45. A. winner B. spectator C. inspector D. trainer46. A. ambition B. aggression C. energy D. strength47. A. positive B. indifferent C. deadly D. negative48. A. otherwise B. somehow C. even D. barely49. A. dramatic B. eye-catching C. emotional D. special50. A. court B. ring C. pitch D. yard51. A. loss B. drain C. damage D. disorder52. A. favour B. process C. charge D. power53. A. shifted B. transformed C. given D. delivered54. A. competitive B. quiet C. cooperative D. regular55. A. invading B. insulting C. teasing D. hittingSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)FrankensteinFrankenstein was a book by Mary Shelly ----it’s been adapted for the screen dozens of times. The story of Frankenstein is told through a series of letters written by Captain Robert Walton to his sister , as he leads an expedition (长征)to the North Pole . On the way , he meets Victor Frankenstein , who tells Walton the story of his life. Frankenstein is the sur name of the guy who creates the monster . The monster doesn’t actually have a game . Anyway , Victor is a scientist who’s desperate to discover the secret of life . After years of study , he makes an enormous creature out of human remains and brings it to life . Victor intends it to be beautiful . Unfortunately , the creature turns out really hideous , and Victor runs away in terror . Although the monster is good and kind , humans are scared of it . When they mistreat it , the monster becomes angry and evil . Wanting revenge on its creator , the monster murders Dr. Frankenstein’s brother , his wife , and his best friend . When Victor figures out the monster is behind all the deaths , he swears to track it down and kill it .This book was written in 1816, right after a period called the Enlightenment . The Enlightenment emphasized the pursuit of knowledge and reason , and gave rise to the scientific method . Mary Shelley criticized the Enlightenment through the character of Victor Frankenstein , “ He is a neg ative example of an Enlightenment scientist -------he pursues knowledge at any cost , and his obsession with discovering the secret of life destroys him , as well as his friends and family .” Some Enlightenment thinkers might have seen such a loss as neces sary for the advancement of science , but not Mary Shelley . She and her husband , poet Percy Shelly , were part of the Romanic Movement in art and literature . Romancism was a reacrion against the Enlightenment’s embrace of rationality and reason . The Romantics emphasized emotion over rationality , and thought people should feel awe and terror in regard to nature . Frankenstein incorporates all these ideas. To Shelley , Frankenstein doesn’t fear and respect the world of nature enough ------she says that by tempering with nature , he brings about complete disaster . Frankenstein is not just a great Romantic novel . It’s also considered one of the first major works of science fiction . It influences a whole generation of writers , and the monster has become one of the most recognizable figures in Western culture.56. Which of the following is closest in the meaning to ‘hideous’ in Paragraph 1?A. UnattractiveB. EngagingC. CharmingD. Handsome57. What is Victor Frankenstein’s fatal weakness?A. His love of scienceB. His rejection of his own creationC. His lack of respect for natureD. His inability to form human relationship58. How was the Romantic era different from the Enlightenment ?A. The Romantic era emphasized emotion ; the Enlightenment emphasized reason .B. The Romantic era occurred during the 20th century ; the Enlightenment occurred during the 19th century .C. The Romantic era emphasized poetry ; the Enlightenment emphasized prose .D. The Romantic era saw major scientific discoveries ; the Enlightenment was an era of literary discovery .59. What effect did “ F rankenstein” have on later works of fiction ?A. It inspired books about the EnlightenmentB. It inspired technical writingC. It inspired books of poetryD. It inspired science-fiction writing60. If you are a 22-year-old nurse , you can apply for the railcard without ________.A. the signature of your director B $ 28c. application form D. passport-sized photos61. The 1/3 OFF discount may not apply for the railcard holders who travel at _______.A. 11 pm on Sunday in AugustB. 7. am on Tuesday in FebruaryC. 7 am on Monday in JulyD. 11 pm on Friday in March62. Which of the following is True according to the leaflet ?A. If you railcard doesn’t have your name signed , it will be used by someone else.B. The benefits of a railcard are transferable to your friend of your age .C. If you have no ticket but have boarded a train , you will still be eligible for a discounted ticketD. If railcard holders wish to use the Eurostar network , they must pay the full fare.The ‘ Phone Stack(堆)’GameWhenever Michael Carl , the fashion market director at Vanity Fair , goes out to dinner with friends , he plays something, called the “ phone stack” game : Everyone places their phones in the middle of the table ; whoever looks at their device before the check arrives picks up the bill . As smartphones continue to burrow(钻入) their way into our lives , and wearable devices like Google Glass threaten to eat into our person space even further , overburdened users are carving out their own device-free zones with special tricks and life hacks .“Disconnecting is a luxury that we all need ,” Lesley M. M. Blume , a Ne w York writer keeps her phone away from the dinner table at home .” The expectation that we must always be available to employers ,colleague, family : It creates a real obstacle in trying to set aside private time . But that private time is more important than ever. “ Much of the digital detoxing (戒毒)is centered on the home , where urgent e-mails from co-workers , texts from friends , Instagram photos from acquaintances and updates on Facebook get together to disturb domestic quietness.A popular method is to appoint a kind of cellphone lockbox , like the milk tin that Brandon Holley , the former editor of lucky magazine , uses. “ If my phones is buzzing or lighting up , it’s still a distraction , so it goes in the box . “, said Ms. Holley , who lives in a r ow house in Red Hook , Brooklyn , with her son ,Smith , and husband , John .” It’s not something I want my kid to see.” Sleep is a big factor , which is why some people draw the cellphone-free line at the bedroom.” I don’t want to sleep next to something t hat is a charged ball of information with photos an e-mails ,” said Peter Som , the fashion designer , who keeps his phone plugged in the living room overnight .” “It definitely is a head clearer and describes daytime and sleep time clearly .”Households with young children are especially mindful about being overconnected , with parents sensitive to how children may imitate bad habits . But it’s not just inside the home where users are separating themselves from the habit . Cellphone overusers are making efforts to disconnect in social settings ,whether at the request of the host or in the form of friendly competition . The phone-stack game is a lighthearted way for friends to police against rude behavior when eating out . The game gained popularity after Brian Perez, a dancer in Los Angeles , posted the idea online.63. What might be the reason for Michael Carl to play the “ phone stack” game?A. His friends aren’t willing to pay for the meal voluntarily .B. He wants to do some funny things with those phonesC. He has been fed up with digital devices being present everywhereD. The wearable devices have brought threats to his privacy .64.Why is it difficulty for people to break away from their digital device at home ?A. Because they have to do some work at homeB. Because they are expected to be always available to the outsideC. Because people have been addicted to digital devices.D. Because digital devices can enrich people’s family life.65. What does Peter Som do to ensure his sleeping quality at night ?A. He puts his phone in the living room .B. He ignores any information in the phoneC. He deletes all information in his phoneD. He puts his phones in a lockbox66. Why does the phone-stack game become popular as soon as it is posted online?A. The game helps create a harmonious relationship among friends.B. The game makes the host get along well with the guestC. The game can prevent children from imitating their parents’ behaviorD. The game meets people’s demand for keeping away from phones easilySection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.“Any apple today ?”, Effie asked cheerfully at my window ,. I followed her to her truck and bought a kilo . On credit , of course . Cash was the one thing in the world I lacked just them .All pretense (借口)of payment was drooped when our funds , food and fuel decreased to alarming lows. Effie came often , always bringing some gift: a jar of peaches or some firewood . There were other generosities.___________Effie was not a rich woman . Her income , derived from investment she had made while running an interior decorating shop , had never exceeded $200 a month , which she supplemented by selling her apples .But she always managed to help someone poorer .Years passed before I was able to return the money Effie had given me from time to time . She was ill now and had aged rapidly in the last year .” Here , darling , “ I said , “ is what I owe you ,” _____________” Give it back as I gave it to you -----a little at a time.” “ I think she believed there was magic in the slow discharge of a love debt.The simple fact is that I never repaid the whole amount to Effie , for she died a few weeks later . By now , the few dollars Effie gave me have been multiplied many times . But a curious thing began to happen .___________At that time , it seemed that my debt would forever go unsettled . So the account can never be marked closed , for Effie’s love will go on in hearts that have never known her .IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Chaco Great HouseAs early as the twelfth century A.D., the settlements of Chaco Canyon in New Mexico in the American Southwest were notable for their "great houses," massive stone buildings that contain hundreds of rooms and often stand three or four stories high. Archaeologists have been trying to determine how the buildings were used. Whilethere is still no universally agreed upon explanation, there are three competing theories.One theory holds that the Chaco structures were purely residential, with each housing hundreds of people. Supporters of this theory have interpreted Chaco great houses as earlier versions of the architecture seen in more recent Southwest societies. In particular, the Chaco houses appear strikingly similar to the large, well-known "apartment buildings" at Taos, New Mexico, in which many people have been living for centuries.A second theory contends that the Chaco structures were usedto store food supplies. One of the main crops of the Chaco people was grain maize, which could be stored for long periods of time without spoiling and could serve as a long-lasting supply of food. The supplies of maize had to be stored somewhere, and the size of the great houses would make them very suitable for the purpose.A third theory proposes that houses were used as ceremonial centers. Close to one house, called Pueblo Alto, archaeologists identified an enormous mound formed by a pile of old material. Excavations of the mound revealed deposits containing a surprisingly large number of broken pots. This finding has been interpreted as evidence that people gathered at Pueblo Alto for special ceremonies. At the ceremonies, they ate festive meals and then discarded the pots in which the meals had been prepared or served. Such ceremonies have been documented for other Native American cultures.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 想和我一起看电影的人请举手。

上海市普陀区高三下学期物理质量调研(二模)试卷解析版

上海市普陀区高三下学期物理质量调研(二模)试卷解析版

高三下学期物理质量调研〔二模)试卷一、单项选择题1.可见光属于〔〕A. 电磁波B. 次声波C. 超声波D. 机械波2.在天然放射现象中,放出的三种射线里有一种射线是带正电的。

组成这种射线的是〔〕A. 质子B. 中子C. 电子D. 氦原子核3.当用一束紫外线照射锌板时,产生了光电效应,这时〔〕A. 锌板带负电B. 有正离子从锌板逸出C. 有电子从锌板逸出D. 锌板会吸附空气中的正离子4..在“用单摆测定重力加速度〞的实验中,要用铁夹夹住摆线,这样做的主要目的是〔〕A. 便于测量单摆摆长B. 便于测量单摆周期C. 确保摆动时摆长不变D. 确保摆球在竖直平面内摆动5.用两节干电池串联后接在额定电压为2.5V 的小灯两端,小灯正常发光。

现将一节如下列图的方块电池接在该小灯两端,闭合电键后发现小灯亮度变暗,产生这一现象的主要原因是〔〕A. 方块电池的电动势过低B. 导线分担了大局部电压C. 小灯的电阻太大D. 方块电池的内阻太大6.如图为波源O 传出的一列水波,相邻实线间的距离等于一个波长以下说法正确的选项是〔〕A. 波通过孔A,发生明显的衍射现象B. 波通过孔B,不发生衍射现象C. 波遇到障碍物C,发生明显的衍射现象D. 波遇到障碍物D,不发生衍射现象7.如图,电路中电源电动势为E、内电阻为r,R0为定值电阻。

当滑动变阻器R 的滑片向a 移动时,以下说法正确的选项是〔〕A. R 两端的电压变大B. 流经R0的电流变大C. 电源总功率变小D. 电源内部消耗功率变大8.物体在竖直方向上分别做匀速上升、加速上升和减速上升三种运动。

以下说法正确的选项是〔〕A. 匀速上升机械能不变B. 加速上升机械能增加C. 减速上升机械能一定减小D. 上升过程机械能一定增加9.如图,在水平桌面上放置一张白纸,用杯子压住白纸。

现向右轻轻拉白纸,白纸未被拉动。

以下说法正确的选项是〔〕A. 杯子受到向右的摩擦力B. 杯子受到向左的摩擦力C. 桌面受到向右的摩擦力D. 桌面受到向左的摩擦力10.如图,当轿车以18km/h 的速度匀速驶入高速公路ETC 收费通道时,ETC 天线完成对车载电子标签的识别后发出“滴〞的一声。

2017上海物理水平等级考(含答案).doc

2017上海物理水平等级考(含答案).doc

2017 年上海市普通高中学业水平等级性考试物理试卷一、选择题(共40 分。

第 1-8 小题,每小题 3 分,第 9-12 小题,每小题 4 分。

每小题只有一个正确答案。

)1.由放射性元素放出的氦核流被称为(A )阴极射线(B)α射线(C)β射线(D)γ射线2.光子的能量与其(A )频率成正比(B)波长成正比(C)速度成正比(D)速度平方成正比3.在同位素氢、氘,氚的核内具有相同的(A )核子数(B)电子数(C)中子数(D)质子数4.用单色光照射位于竖直平面内的肥皂液薄膜,所观察到的干涉条纹为( A)(B)(C)(D)5.如图,在匀强电场中,悬线一端固定于地面,另一端拉住一个带电小球,使之处于静止状态。

忽略空气阻力,当悬线断裂后,小球将做(A )曲线运动(B )匀速直线运动(C)匀加速直线运动(D )变加速直线运动6.一碗水置于火车车厢内的水平桌面上。

当火车向右做匀减速运动时,水面形状接近于图7.从大型加速器射出的电子束总能量约为500GeV (1GeV = 1.6 ×10-10J),此能量最接近(A )一只爬行的蜗牛的动能(B)一个奔跑的孩子的动能(C)一辆行驶的轿车的动能(D)一架飞行的客机的动能8.一个密闭容器由固定导热板分隔为体积相同的两部分,分别装有质量不等的同种气体。

当两部分气体稳定后,它们的(A )密度相同(B)分子数相同(C)分子平均速率相同(D)分子间平均距离相同9.将四个定值电阻a、b、 c、 d 分别接入电路,测得相应的电流、电压值如图所示。

其中阻值最接近的两个电阻是(A ) a 和 b(B)b和 d(C) a 和 c(D)c和 d10.做简谐运动的单摆,其摆长不变,若摆球的质量增加为原来的2的速度减为原来的 3,则单摆振动的(A )周期不变,振幅不变(B)周期不变,振幅变小(C)周期改变,振幅不变(D)周期改变,振幅变大94倍,摆球经过平衡位置11.如图,一导体棒ab 静止在 U 型铁芯的两臂之间。

普陀区2017学年第二学期高三质量调研物理试卷(二模)

普陀区2017学年第二学期高三质量调研物理试卷(二模)

普陀区2017学年第二学期高三质量调研物理试卷一、选择题(共40分。

第1-8小题,每小题3分,第9-12小题,每小题4分。

每小题只有一个正确答案。

)1、由核反应产生,且属于电磁波的射线是()(A)α射线(B)γ射线(C)X射线(D)阴极射线2、一颗恒星的寿命取决于它的()(A)温度(B)颜色(C)质量(D)体积3、白光通过双缝后产生的干涉条纹是彩色的,其原因是不同色光的()(A)频率不同(B)强度不同(C)振动方向不同(D)传播速度不同4、关于布朗运动,下列说法中正确的是()(A)液体分子的无规则运动就是布朗运动(B)布朗运动的激烈程度跟温度无关(C)布朗运动是悬浮在液体中的固体颗粒不断地受到液体分子的撞击而引起的(D)悬浮在液体中固体颗粒越大,在某一瞬时撞击它的分子数越多,布朗运动越明显5、某教室墙上有一朝南的钢窗,当把钢窗左侧向外推开时,下列说法正确的是()(A)穿过窗户的地磁场的磁通量变大(B)穿过窗户的地磁场的磁通量不变(C)从推窗人的角度看,窗框中的感应电流方向是逆时针(D)从推窗人的角度看,窗框中的感应电流方向是顺时针6、如图,倾斜的天花板上有一物块,该物块在竖直向上的恒力F作用下恰好能沿天花板匀速上升,下列说法中正确的是()(A)物块一定受两个力的作用(B)物块一定受三个力的作用(C)物块可能受三个力的作用(D)物块可能受四个力的作用7、如图,在点电荷产生的电场中,实线MN是一条方向未标出的电场线,虚线AB是一个电子只在静电力作用下的运动轨迹。

下列说法正确的是()(A)电子一定从A向B运动(B)A点电势高于B点电势(C)电子在A点的电势能大于它在B点的电势能(D)电子在A点的加速度大于它在B点的加速度8、如图,弹性轻绳的一端套在手指上,另一端与弹力球连接,用手将弹力球以某一竖直向下的初速度抛出,抛出后手保持不动。

从球抛出瞬间至球第一次到达最低点的过程中(弹性轻绳始终在弹性限度内,不计空气阻力),下列说法正确的是()(A)绳刚伸直时,球的速度最大(B)该过程中,球的加速度一直减小(C)该过程中,重力对球做的功大于球克服绳的拉力做的功(D)在最低点时,球、绳和地球组成的系统势能最大9、甲、乙两同学们利用反应尺估测反应时间。

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绝密★启用前2017届上海市普陀区高三下学期质量调研物理试卷(带解析)试卷副标题考试范围:xxx ;考试时间:60分钟;命题人:xxx学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________注意事项.1.答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 2.请将答案正确填写在答题卡上第I 卷(选择题)一、选择题(题型注释)1、图甲是某人站在力传感器上做下蹲、起跳动作的示意图,点P 是他的重心位置。

图乙是根据力传感器采集到的数据作出的力-时间图线。

两图中a ~g 各点均对应,其中有几个点在图甲中没有画出。

g 取10m/s 2。

根据图像分析可知( )A .此人的重力为750NB .b 点是此人下蹲至最低点的位置C .此人在f 点的加速度等于零D .此人在d 点的加速度等于20m/s 22、如图,在太空城中,设想有两个太空舱用硬杆相连,绕过杆中点O 的轴匀速转动,可使舱中相对静止的宇航员体验到受地面重力作用的效果。

已知地面重力加速度为g ,舱中宇航员可视为质点,且到O 点的距离为R 。

则( )A .宇航员感觉到的“重力”方向指向O 点B .宇航员所受的向心力是硬杆施加的C .宇航员的角速度大小为D .宇航员的线速度大小为3、如图为t =0s 时波源(原点O )沿y 轴开始振动,经0.5s 后沿+x 方向、在x =0m 到x =8m 的区间内出现的简谐横波的图像。

此时,平衡位置坐标x =6m 的质点P 已通过10cm 的路程,由此可知( )A .t =0s 时,波源的振动方向沿y 轴负方向B .此时,P 质点的振动方向沿y 轴正方向C .波速大小为20m/sD .波速大小为8m/s4、如图为竖直放置的П形管,水银柱在管中将两端密封的理想气体隔开。

稳定时,两边水银柱液面高度差为h =10cm 。

则下列方法中,一定能使h 变大的是( )A .使П形管两端密封气体升高相同的温度B .将П形管整体在竖直平面内左转90°C .将П形管整体由竖直变为水平放置D .让П形管整体保持竖直做自由落体运动5、如图,导线框垂直匀强磁场放置,已知电源电动势E =6V 、内阻r =1Ω,定值电阻R =5Ω,其余电阻不计。

磁感应强度B =1.5T ,AB 与CD 相距d =20cm ,金属棒MN 与CD 间的夹角θ=30°,则棒MN 所受的安培力大小为( )A .0.6NB .0.3NC .0.26ND .0.15N6、如图为甲、乙两质点同时沿同一直线运动的位移-时间图像。

关于两质点的运动情况,下列说法正确的是( )A .在0~t 0时间内,甲、乙的运动方向相同B .在0~2t 0时间内,甲的速度一直在减小C .在0~t 0时间内,乙的速度一直增大D .在0~2t 0时间内,甲、乙发生的位移不相同7、物体的温度升高,则( )A .物体每个分子无规则运动的动能都增大B .物体分子无规则运动的平均动能增大C .物体一定从外吸热D .物体运动的动能一定增大8、如图,一个环形电流的中心有一根通电直导线,则环受到的磁场力( )A .沿环半径向外B .沿环半径向内C .沿水平向左D .等于零9、用点光源照射一个不透光的障碍物,其背后屏上阴影的中央出现了亮斑,原因是( ) A .光的反射B .光的衍射C .光的折射D .光的干涉10、A 、B 两个点电荷间的距离保持恒定,当其他一些电荷被移近时,A 、B 间的库仑力将( )A. 变大B. 变小C. 不变D. 都有可能11、人类认识到原子核的结构是复杂的,是从发现下列哪一现象开始的( ) A .阴极射线B .光电效应C .天然放射性现象D .发现质子12、温度较低的恒星,在天空中呈现( ) A .暗红色B .黄色C .白色D .蓝色第II 卷(非选择题)二、填空题(题型注释)13、用单分子油膜估测油酸分子大小,实验器材除了油酸酒精溶液、盛有适量清水的浅盘、痱子粉、橡皮头滴管、玻璃板、彩笔、坐标纸外,还需要__________________。

实验中,影响测量准确性的最主要原因是__________________________________。

若实验测得油酸分子直径为d ,已知油酸的密度为ρ、摩尔质量为M ,则可估算阿伏加德罗常数为__________。

14、如图,穿在一根光滑固定杆上的小球A 、B 通过一条跨过定滑轮的轻质细绳连接,B 球的质量为m ,杆与水平方向成θ角,不计所有摩擦,当两球静止时,OA 绳与杆的夹角为θ,OB 绳沿竖直方向。

此时,细绳对小球的拉力为_______,A 球的质量为________。

15、如图甲为某型号电池的铭牌,现将该电池的两极与三只“6V 、18W”灯泡组成的简单串并联组合电路(如图乙)接通,不考虑灯泡电阻随温度的变化。

由此估算:L 1灯实际耗电的功率为______W ,电池可持续供电的时间为_______s 。

16、某同学用自制器材观察水波的干涉现象,如图,以波源S 1、S 2为圆心的两组同心圆弧分别表示同一时刻两列波的波峰(实线)和波谷(虚线)。

则两列波的叠加________(填“能”或“不能”)产生稳定的干涉图样,原因是S 1的振动频率_____S 2的振动频率(填“大于”、“等于”或“小于”)。

17、历史上第一个在实验室里比较准确地测出万有引力常量的科学家是________,万有引力常量G =6.67×10-11________(填写国际单位)。

三、实验题(题型注释)18、在“用DIS 测定电源的电动势和内阻”的实验中,(1)通过___________,使用电压传感器和电流传感器测量不同工作状态的端电压和电流,输入计算机,自动生成U -I 图线,由图线得出电动势和内阻。

(2)某同学将两节干电池、滑动变阻器、电流传感器、电压传感器、定值电阻、电键及若干导线连接成电路如图甲所示,并将未接导线的A 端接C 点,实验得到的U -I 关系如图乙所示。

则每节电池电动势E =_________V ,内阻r =________Ω。

(3)接着,该同学将甲图中的A 端连到D 点,已知定值电阻R =2Ω,请在乙图中作出实验得到的U -I 关系图线。

四、简答题(题型注释)19、如图,两根足够长、间距L =1m 的光滑平行导轨竖直固定。

在垂直导轨的虚线a 1a 2下方有方向如图、磁感应强度B 0=0.5T 的匀强磁场,垂直导轨的虚线b 1b 2上方有垂直纸面、磁感应强度B =T (x 为离b 1b 2的距离)、沿水平方向均匀分布的磁场。

现用竖直向上的力F 拉质量m =50g 的细金属杆c 从b 1b 2以初速度v 0开始向上运动,c 杆保持与导轨垂直。

同时,释放垂直导轨置于a 1a 2下质量也为m =50g 、电阻R =20Ω的细金属杆d ,d 杆恰好静止。

其余电阻不计,两杆与导轨接触良好,g 取10m/s 2。

(1)求通过杆d 的电流大小及b 1b 2以上区域磁场的方向; (2)通过分析和计算,说明杆c 做什么性质的运动;(3)以杆c 从b 1b 2出发开始计时,求其所受作用力F 的大小与时间t 的关系式。

20、一辆质量为m 的车,发动机的额定功率为P m 。

已知该车沿倾角为30°的足够长斜面下坡时,若关闭发动机,它立刻以大小为g /2的加速度做匀减速运动。

现开启发动机,让该车在大小为3mg /2的恒定牵引力作用下由静止开始匀加速下坡,设阻力不变,求: (1)下坡过程中车所能达到的最大车速; (2)该车匀加速下坡能持续的时间。

参考答案1、D2、C3、C4、B5、A6、D7、B8、D9、B10、C11、C12、A13、量筒油膜不是单分子层 6M/πρd314、mg m cotθ15、 4.5 480016、不能小于17、卡文迪许 N·m²/kg²18、(1)改变电路的外电阻(2)1.5,0.25 (3)如图所示:19、(1)1A(2)(3)20、(1)(2)【解析】1、a图人处于平衡状态,传感器的示数大小等于人的重力,即mg=500N,所以A错误;人在下蹲的过程中先加速后减速,b点人对传感器的压力最小,根据牛顿第二定律:,向下的加速度最大,不是最低点,故B错误;f点人对传感器压力为零,即人离开传感器,加速度等于g,C错误;在d点,解得加速度a=20m/s2,D正确。

2、宇航员感觉到的“重力”方向沿杆背离O点,所以A错误;宇航员所受的向心力是太空舱低对宇航员的支持力提供的,故B错误;向心加速度,解得,线速度,所以C正确;D错误。

3、x=6m的质点P已通过的路程10cm=2A,即x=6m处质点振动了半个周期,可得该波此时传播到x=10m处,且10m处质点此时沿y轴正方向振动,可得介质中所有质点起振的方向都是y轴正方向,所以A错误;因波沿x轴正方向传播,所以此时P点沿y轴负方向振动,故B错误;传播速度,所以C正确;D错误。

4、设左边气体压强为P1,右边气体压强为P2,由平衡知,P1+ρgh=P2,升高相同的温度,气体压强都不变,所以水银柱高度差h不变,若将П形管整体由竖直变为水平放置或让П形管整体保持竖直做自由落体运动,气体压强都不变,所以水银柱高度差h不变,故A、C、D错误;将П形管整体在竖直平面内左转的过程中管与竖直方向夹角为θ,则P1+ρgHcosθ=P2,所以H大于h,B正确。

5、根据闭合电路的欧姆定律可求电流:,如图导体棒MN与磁场方向垂直,所以受安培力F=BIL=0.6N,故A正确;B、C、D错误。

6、由图知,根据x-t图象的斜率表示速度可知在0~t0时间内,甲、乙的运动方向相反,故A错误;在0~2t0时间内,甲的速度一直匀速运动,所以B错误;在0~t0时间内,乙的速度一直减小,故C错误;在0~2t0时间内,甲发生的位移为-2x0,乙的位移是2x0,方向相反,故D正确。

7、物体的温度升高,分子无规则运动的平均动能增大,不是每个分子无规则运动的动能都增大,所以A错误;B正确;物体的温度升高,可能是吸收了热量,也可能是外界对它做了功,故C错误;物体运动的动能与温度无关,所以D错误。

8、在图中,根据安培定则可知,直线电流的磁场与导线环平行,则环形导线不受安培力,所以D正确;A、B、C错误。

9、当光照射到小孔或障碍物上时,光离开直线路径绕到孔或障碍物的阴影里去的现象,叫做光的衍射现象,所以障碍物背后屏上阴影的中央出现了亮斑,是光的衍射,故B正确;A、C、D错误。

10、根据力的独立性原理可知,AB之间的库仑力由AB的电荷量和AB之间的距离决定,不受其它电荷的影响,所以C正确;A、B、D错误。

11、天然放射现象的发现表明原子核有复杂的结构,所以C正确;A、B、D错误。

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