专八改错_

2000 年-2011 年专八短文改错试题，参考答案以及答案分析(II) In a competitive and fast-paced modern society, busy business executives are so engrossing in their work that they hardly know (1)___engrossed___________what the word “leisure”means. The higher an executive’s position is on the business ladder, the more hours he spends on his work. With a view to gaining greater corporate standing or a big (2)____bigger___________pay rise, he, as a rule, far exceeds over the 40-hour working week. The additional stress and tension (3)___删去over_____________as well as the shortage of suitable rest and recreation very often (4)___改成lack_____________ have a disastrous effect on his health. Few such executives realize that unless they learn how to relax, they will soon run of(5)_____run out of ___________steam before they get to the top of the executive ladder. A not- ed American authority on leisure has said that “The key to relaxation to busy executives is to avoid the types of activities that are (6)____for____________part and parcel of their daily work and to devote themselves to- tally to have recreational pursuits for at least a part of each day, (7)_______having__________even it is only for half an hour. Those (8)_________even if it________jobs require a great deal of contact with others can engage in ac-(9)_______jobs前面加whose___________ tivities that are quiet and peaceful –far from the madding crowd, far from client and business associates.”(10)____clients_____________Scientific and learned English is not merely international in using international words. English is frequently used nationally for these purposes, as was pointed out in the 1. __internationally________previous chapter. A scholar in Denmark or Poland or even a vast country as Russia will today often write or at any 2. ___like_______rate publish in English, because his work will thereby reach for a wider public. This does not mean that such a 3. _去掉_________scholar has a native-like knowledge of English. In fact, the preface will usually acknowledge the help of someone who has corrected and checked the English or even does a 4. ___done_______ good deal of translation. The scholar himself may be very poorly equipped to speak English or even to write it, especially on any subject than his own field of interest. 5. ____中间加入other______This is that is today called having a “restricted”or 6. ___what_______“specialized”knowledge of English, and we have come to recognize increasingly this limited degree of linguistic ability. Few people have the time that is required to master a “full”knowledge of a foreign language and few still would be 7. __fewer________to make the much practical use of such a language. Indeed, 8. _____去掉_____ as has already been implied, even as native speakers we vary greatly in the amount and variety of fields of discourse 9. _____number_____in where we feel at home. 10. _______去掉in___As suburbs grew, businesses moved into the new areas. Large shopping centers containing a great kind ofstores changed con- 1. ___variety_____sumer patterns. The number of these centers rose from eight in 2. __at______the end of World War II to 3,840 in 1960. With easy parking and convenient evening time, customers could avoid city shopping 3. __hours______entirely. New highways created a better access to the suburbs and 4. _去掉_______its shops. The Highway Act of 1956 provided $26,000 million, the largest public work expenditure in U.S. history, to build 5. _____works___more than 64,000 kilometres of federal roads to link together all parts of the country. Television, consequently, had a powerful impact on social 6. __too______and economic patterns. Developing in the 1930s, it was not wide- 7. ____developed____ly marketed until after the war. 1n 1946 the country had about 8. ____删去____ fewer than 17,000 TV sets. Three years later, consumers were buying 250,000 sets a month, and by 1960 three-quarters of all families owned at least one set. In middle of the decade, the 9. 后面加the________ average family watched television four to five hours a day. Americans of all ages grew exposed to increasingly sophisticated 10. ____became____ advertisements for products said to be necessary for the good life.The old-age paternalism of southern Canadians over Eskimos has died more slowly in the rural villages where Eskimos have been more reluctant to voice their opinions aggressively. This has been a frustration in government officials trying to develop local 1. ___to______ leadership among the Eskimos, however a blessing to other de- 2. ___but______ partments whose plans have been received without local obstruc- 3. _accept________ tion. In rural areas the obligations of kinship often ran counter 4. ____中间加to_____ the best interests of the village and potential leaders were re- strained from making positive contributions to the village coun- cil. More recently, therefore, the educated Eskimos have been 5. ___however______voicing over the interests of those in the rural areas. They are 6. _____去掉____trying out to persuade the government to recognize the rights of 7. ____去掉_____full-time hunters, by protecting their territories from mining and oil prospectors, for example. The efforts of this active minority is percolating through to the remoter villages whose inhabitants 8. _are_______are becoming increasingly vocal. Continuing change is inevitable but future development policy must recognize that most Eskimos retain much of its tradition- 9. ______their___ al outlook on life. New schemes should focus on resources that the Eskimos are used to handling,2012改错The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally or freely. The argument has been going since at least the first (1) ______century B.C. Up to the beginning of the 19th century, many writersfavoured certain kind of “free” translation: the spirit, not the letter; the (2) _______sense not the word; the message rather the form; the matter not (3) _______the manner. This is the often revolutionary slogan of writers who (4) _______wanted the truth to be read and understood. Then in the turn of 19th (5) _______century, when the study of cultural anthropology suggested thatthe linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the language (6) _______was entirely the product of culture, the view translation was impossible (7) _______gained some currency, and with it that, if was attempted at all, it must be as (8) _______literal as possible. This view culminated the statement of the (9) _______extreme “literalists” Walter Benjamin and Vladimir Nobokov.The argument was theoretical: the purpose of the translation, thenature of the readership, the type of the text, was not discussed. Toooften, writer, translator and reader were implicitly identified witheach other. Now, the context has changed, and the basic problem remains. (10) _____改错部分1. going 后加on2. cerain 改成some3. rather 后加than4. is 改为was5. in 改为at6. 去掉the7. view 后加that8. 删掉was9. statement 改为statements10.and 改为but2011年专八真题改错部分From a very early age, perhaps the age of five or six, I knewthat when I grew I should be a writer. Between the ages of about 1__________seventeen and twenty-four I tried to abandon this idea, but I did sowith the conscience that I was outraging my true nature and that 2___________soon or later I should have to settle down and write books. 3___________I was the child of three, but there was a gap of five years 4__________on either side, and I barely saw my father before I was eight. Forthis and other reasons I was somewhat lonely, and I soon developeddisagreeing mannerisms which made me unpopular throughout my 5_____________schooldays. I had the lonely child's habit of making up stories andholding conversations with imaginative persons, and I think from 6_________the very start my literal ambitions were mixed up with the feeling of 7________being isolated and undervalued. I knew that I had a facility with wordsand a power of facing in unpleasant facts, and I felt that this created 8________a sort of private world which I could get my own back for my failure 9________in everyday life. Therefore, the volume of serious — i.e. seriously 10________intended — writing which I produced all through my childhood andboyhood would not amount to half a dozen pages. I wrote my firstpoem at the age of four or five, my mother taking it down to dictation.1，在grow后加up, 考固定短语2，改consience为consciousness 考词语区别，consience翻译为“良心，道德心”, consiousness翻译为“意识”3，改soon为sooner，sooner or later是固定短语4，在child前加middle, 考上下文理解。