高考英语大二轮冲刺练：专题二阅读理解(四选一)第2讲(三)专题训练Word版含解析
新教材适用2024版高考英语二轮总复习第2部分阅读能力突破篇专题1阅读理解第2讲题型破解__推理判断
第2讲题型破解——推理判断题推理判断题属于高层次阅读理解题,一般在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，做出一定的判断和推理,从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义。
在进行推断时,要据文推理、合情推理,不可脱离原文主观臆断。
考点1 细节推断题辨明题类细节推断题要求考生根据语篇内容，就某具体细节进行推断，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。
一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。
一般题干中经常会出现六个动词：infer(推断)，indicate(象征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，conclude(得出结论，推断出)和assume(假定，设想)。
该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：(1)It can be inferred/concluded from the text that ．(2)What can we infer/learn from．．．?(3)We can learn from the passage that ．(4)The passage/story．．．indicates/suggests/implies that ．技法点拨第一步：定位关键细节——根据题干提供的信息，抓住某一段话的关键信息，即推理的依据；第二步：正确理解推断——对原文中的信息细读理解其字面意义，然后结合语境，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维和正向推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。
【特别提醒】(1)如果某个选项是文章中的一个细节内容，则不能作为推理的结论。
(2)切勿把脱离原文的个人看法、主观臆断作为答案。
真题体验(2022·全国乙卷B)In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N．Y．—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse．The girls had gone to Smith College．They wore expensive clothes．So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo．to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise．Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff'sgranddaughter．Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful．Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken．They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning．Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold．In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice．In Wickenden's book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls' decision to go to Elkhead．A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms．The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy's return to Auburn．Wickenden is a very good storyteller．The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing．Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them．Then a full moon rose．The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter．”25．What can we learn about the girls from Paragraph 3？A．They enjoyed much respect．B．They had a room with a bathtub．C．They lived with the local kids．D．They suffered severe hardships．【解题示范】第一步：确定题干中的关键信息：learn about，Paragraph 3；第二步：在确定推理依据的位置或范围第三段之后，再进行推理判断：根据“They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning．(她们和一个当地家庭，哈里森一家一起搬进去，并且和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上覆盖着一层雪。
新教材适用2024版高考英语二轮总复习第2部分阅读能力突破篇专题1阅读理解第2讲题型破解__推理判断
第二部分专题一第2讲A(2023·湖南省邵阳市高三二模)Heading out of the Scottish Borders and west into Dumfries & Galloway, there are plenty of sights still to see on the journey．GREY MARE's TAILAs one of the UK's highest waterfalls, Grey Mare's Tail is well worth a stop．Park up at the car park, and just along a short path, you can stand and admire this tall, natural feature as the water pours down the hanging valley．On the other side from the first path is a second path, following the path, and you'll reach Loch Skeen, a beautiful glassy swimming pool of mountain water available for travellers．MOFFATAfter you walk head to nearby Moffat for a short stroll around the town, you can have something to eat in one of the cafes or restaurants．If you've got time to spare, Moffat is Europe's first Dark Sky Town, so as soon as the sun sets, you get a better view of the night sky thanks to the special street lighting．WANLOCKHEADTake a drive further west into Dumfries & Galloway and you'll soon reach the dizzy heights of not just the south of Scotland, but all of Scotland! Wanlockhead is Scotland's highest village, which won't come as a surprise once you're there．CRAWICK MULTIVERSEJust a short drive from the highest village is a good place to stretch your legs and see a different place on the area's local industry．Crawick Multiverse has used landscape art to transform a former open cast coal mine into a 55-acre artland, visitor attraction and public space．1．What's special about Grey Mare's Tail？A．Its water is the purest．B．You can swim in Loch Skeen．C．There is a famous valley there．D．It's the largest waterfall in the US．2．Which of the following is the highest altitude in Scotland？A．Dumfries & Galloway．B．Dark Sky Town．C．Wanlockhead．D．Crawick Multiverse．3．Which column of the website can you read this text？A．Culture．B．Advertisement．C．Education．D．Travel．【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。
高考英语冲刺双一流大二轮课件：阅读理解(四选一)试题
考点突破
专题训练
返回目录
In analyzing his and other research, Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion：Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. “Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage，” he said.
考点突破
专题训练
返回目录
In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究)．“We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.”
高考英语二轮复习阅读训练及答案
高考英语二轮复习阅读训练及答案高考英语二轮复习阅读训练1：What should you think about when trying to find your career? You are probably better at some school subjects than others. These may show strengths that you can use in your work. A boy who is good at mathematics can use that in an engineering career. A girl who spells well and likes English may be good at office work. So it is important to know the subjects you do well in at school. On the other hand, you may not have any specially strong subjects but your records show a general satisfactory standard. Although not all subjects can be used directly in a job, they may have indirect value. A knowledge of history is not required for most jobs but if history is one of your good subjects you will have learned to remember facts and details. This is an ability that can be useful in many jobs.Your school may have taught you skills, such as typing or technical drawing, which you can use in your work. You may be good at metalwork or cookery and look for a job where you can improve these skills. If you have had a part-time job on Saturdays or in the summer, think what you gained from it. If nothing else, you may have learned how to get to work on time, to follow instructions and to get on with older workers. You may have learned to give correct change in a shop, for example. Just as important, you may become interested in a particular industry or career you see from the inside in a part-time job.Facing your weak points is also part of knowing yourself. You may be all thumbs when you handle tools; perhaps you are a poor speller or cannot add up a column of figures. It is better to face any weakness than to pretend they do not exist. Your school record, for instance, may not be too good, yet it is an important part of your background. You should not be apologetic about it but instead recognize that you will have a chance of a fresh start at work.46. We can infer from the first paragraph that ________.learning better at school shows power in your jobthe better you are at school subjects, the more helpful they are in your career.learning each subject well is an ability in many jobs.we should think about how to find our career47. From the passage we learn that if a students school performance is not good, he will _____.A. have no hope in his future workB. be hopeful to find a suitable jobC. regret not having worked harder at schoolD. have an opportunity of a new beginning in his future work48. All the subjects may have direct value for job hunting except _________.A. mathematicsB. EnglishC. historyD. technical drawing49. The underlined phrase “be all thumbs” (in Paragraph 3) probably means “_________”.A. heavy- handedB. the bestC. importantD. skilled50. The passage mainly discusses ___________.A. The relationship between school performance and careerB. how to get a jobC. How to show strengths in your workD. working experience and knowledge at school二轮复习阅读训练答案：46- 50 BDCAA高考英语二轮复习阅读训练2：In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity, others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.I have taught many children who held the belief that their self –worth relied (依赖) on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life – and – death affairs. In their single – minded pursuit (追求) of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner andpays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to se ek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: “I may have lost, but it doesnt matter because I really didnt try.” What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that ones self – respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (缓解) can we discovera new meaning in competition.41.What does this passage mainly talk about?petition helps to set up self – respect.B.Opinions about competition are different among people.petition is harmful to personal quality development.D.Failures are necessary experiences in competition42.Why do some people favor competition according to the passage?A.It pushes society forward.B.It builds up a sense of duty.C.It improves personal abilities.D.It encourages individual efforts.43.The underlined phrase “the most vocal” in Paragraph 3 means .A.those who try their best to winB.those who value competition most highlyC.those who are against competition most stronglyD.those who rely on others most for success44.What is the similar belief of the true competitors and those witha desire to fail ?A.Ones worth lies in his performance compared with others.B.Ones success in competition needs great efforts.C.Ones achievement is determined by his particular skills.D.Ones success is based on how hard he has tried.45.Which point of view may the author agree to?A.Every effort should be paid back.petition should be encouraged.C.Winning should be a life – and – death matter.D.Fear of failure should be removed in competition.二轮复习阅读训练答案：41.B 42.A 43.C 44.A 45.D。
新教材适用2024版高考英语二轮总复习第2部分阅读能力突破篇专题2阅读七选五专题模拟训练四
阅读七选五(四)A(2023·四川省大数据精准教学联盟高三一模)It has been proved that self-care helps people lower stress and get healthier．And another interesting finding has been revealed recently． 1 As a typical form of caring about others, volunteering has been proved to be beneficial to us in the following ways．Volunteering makes us happier．Throughout history, cooperation and community have been essential parts of human survival．One reason we feel so rewarded when helping others is that the happiness of those around us has taken root in our survival instinct．According to one study, people who volunteered at least once a month reported better mental health than those who didn't． 2Volunteering increases our sense of purpose．Typically, the act of volunteering involves taking action and engaging with others．These are two mental health needs shared by most humans, especially people feeling aimless and disconnected． 3 As a result, they can have clearer goals in their own life and increase the sense of responsibility．Volunteering helps manage depression．4 That's because taking positive action helps to change the negative thoughts—whether by interacting with other people or realizing you have useful skills to share with the world．Based on that, some researchers even suggest including volunteering as an approach to treating depression．5Some researchers have discovered a link between volunteering and a lower risk of early death．This effect comes in part from how volunteering can reduce stress and depression, which in turn promotes life span, improved physical health, and better management of chronic(慢性的) diseases．A．Volunteering cures many diseases．B．Volunteering impacts our physical health．C．Caring attention towards others also improves our health．D．Volunteering also helps reduce sadness or hopelessness．E．People who always hold a positive attitude is unlikely to get depressed．F．Some even said volunteering made them as happy as having an extra $1,100．G．When volunteering, people learn new skills and develop more social connections．【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。
高中英语二轮复习之四选一阅读详解
阅读理解在高考英语中所占分值最大，可以说“得阅读者得高考”。
因此，在考前复习中，阅读理解能力的培养和训练依然是重中之重。
本部分从高考阅读理解命题入手，剖析高考阅读理解的命题特点，并结合高考真题对高考常考题型进行解题指导，从而有效地提高解题的速度和准度。
表一：高考阅读的题材与体裁(以近三年全国卷Ⅰ为例)表二：高考阅读理解的题型分布第一讲理解主旨要义——攻克4类主旨大意题主旨大意题是高考阅读理解中常考的题型之一，主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。
通常以概括文章大意、概括段落大意、选择标题以及判断作者写作目的等形式出现。
一、文章大意题——突破文章主旨3法1.主题句法解答主旨大意题，找准文章的主题句是关键。
下面介绍两种快速找出主题句的方法。
(1)根据不同文体的写作方法来定位主题句①议论文主要是论述作者的某个观点，往往采用“总—分”或“总—分—总”的模式，所以主题句常在第一段或最后一段。
②说明文则是说明一个事物的用途或制作过程，主题句一般在首段。
③记叙文一般没有明显的主题句，需要根据文中叙述的内容和线索来概括文章大意，但是如果文章末段出现说理性的句子，则这个句子为主题句。
(2)根据行文标志来定位主题句①在文中尤其是在首段出现表示转折的词，如but，however，in fact，actually等时，其后的内容往往是作者真正想要表达的观点。
②在文中出现表示总结的词，如therefore，thus，in short，conclude 等，其后的内容往往是文章的主题。
③若首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答可能是文章的主题。
[示例](2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C)Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years，but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.When the world was still populated by hunter—gatherers，small，tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10，000 years ago，when the world had just five to ten million people，they spoke perhaps 12，000 languages between them....31.What is the main idea of the text?A.New languages will be created.B.People’s lifestyles are reflected in languages.C.Human development results in fewer languages.D.Geography determines language evolution.分析：选C。
2020高考英语新课标地区专用版大二轮讲义：专题二 阅读理解 第四节 一 Word版含解析
姓名，年级：时间：第四节主旨大意题一、标题归纳题(2018·11月浙江，C）I start every summer with the best of intentions：to attack one big book from the past，a classic that I was supposed to have read when young and ambitious。
Often the pairings of books and settings have been purely accidental:Moby Dick on a three。
day cross。
country train trip；The Magic Mountain in a New England beachside cottage with no locks on the doors，no telephones or televisions in the rooms，and little to do beyond row on the salt pond.Attempting The Man Without Qualities on a return to Hawaii,my native state,however，was less fruitful: I made it through one and a quarter volumes (册)，then decided that I’d got the point and went swimming instead。
But this summer I find myself at a loss.I’m not quite interested in Balzac,say，or Tristram Shandy.There’s always War and Peace，which I’ve covered some distance several times，only to get bogged down in the “War” part,set it aside for a while，and realize that I have to start over from the beginning again,having forgotten everyone's name and social rank。
新教材适用2024版高考英语二轮总复习第2部分阅读能力突破篇专题1阅读理解第2讲题型破解__推理判断
考点3 写作意图题辨明题类通常情况下，作者在文中不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。
所以，这种题型要求考生具备对作者阐述的内容进行总结和分析的能力。
设问形式常有：1．整篇文章的写作目的/意图(1)The writer writes this passage in order to ．(2)The purpose of the text is to ．(3)What is the main purpose of the passage?(4)The writer of the story wants/intends to tell us that ．2．某处细节的写作目的/意图(1)The writer uses．．．in the first paragraph to ．(2)The writer uses the example of．．．to ．(3)The author writes the last paragraph in order to ．技法点拨通常可依据文体特点来推断作者写作意图：1．记叙文：通常会在首段或尾段出现高度概括性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有叙述都围绕该哲理展开。
2．应用文：文章常对某事物或服务进行详细介绍，使用具有明显倾向性的语言。
3．说明文：其写作意图依赖于对文章主题句的把握，故应找准主题句。
4．议论文：一般开头提出某论点，中间进行论证，最后得出结论，写作意图常隐含于最后一部分中。
真题体验(2021·全国乙卷C)You've heard that plastic is polluting the oceans—between 4．8 and 12．7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year．But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does．He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products．At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse，”a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash．Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam．Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled．Plastic straws are by no means thebiggest source (来源)of plastic pollution, but they've recently come under fire because most people don't need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled．Every straw that's part of Von Wong's artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes．Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear．In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate(说明)a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload's worth of plastic enters the ocean．For this work, titled “Truc kload of Plastic，” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they'd been dumped (倾倒)from a truck all at once．Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint．29．Why does the author discuss plastic straws in Paragraph 3？A．To show the difficulty of their recycling．B．To explain why they are useful．C．To voice his views on modern art．D．To find a substitute for them．【解题示范】第一步：阅读题干，把握出题意图：Why discuss，plastic straws；第二步：通过题干中的Paragraph 3迅速定位第三段，该段讲的是“全球只有9%的塑料垃圾被回收。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
专题训练[1](2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach's Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel's “me” time. And like more Americans, she's n ot alone.A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half (46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know？”Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today, I just wanted some time to myself，”she said.Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流). “I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week，” he said. “It's a chance for self-reflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan.”That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology，” said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report.【语篇解读】本文体裁为说明文。
主题语境为人与社会，主题语境内容为社会交往。
现如今，在美国，越来越多的人选择自己吃饭，他们希望以此争取一些自己独处的时间。
本文侧重培养学生的文化意识。
1．What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?A．Food variety.B．Eating habits.C．Table manners.D．Restaurant service.解析细节理解题。
本题题干意为“第二段中的数据是关于什么的？”根据第二段“A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half (53 percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half(46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.”可知，本段中出现的数据都体现了人们吃饭的习惯，所以选择B项。
A.食物的多样性；C.餐桌礼仪；D.餐厅服务。
答案 B2．Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?A．To meet with her coworkers.B．To catch up with her work.C．To have some time on her own.D．To collect data for her report.解析细节理解题。
本题题干意为“为什么Bechtel更愿意出去吃午餐？”根据第三段的最后一句“Today，I just wanted some time to myself”可知答案为C 项。
答案 C3．What do we know about Mazoleny?A．He makes videos for the bar.B．He's fond of the food at the bar.C．He interviews customers at the bar.D．He's familiar with the barkeeper.解析细节理解题。
本题题干意为“关于Mazoleny我们知道些什么？”根据题干中的人名Mazoleny可知答案应在第四段寻找。
根据第四段的第二句“He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction.”可知，他和服务员很熟，故答案为D项。
A.他为餐馆拍视频；B.他喜欢这个餐馆的食物；C.他在这个餐馆采访顾客。
答案 D4．What is the text mainly about?A．The trend of having meals alone.B．The importance of self-reflection.C．The stress from working overtime.D．The advantage of wireless technology.解析主旨大意题。
本题题干意为“本文的主要内容是什么？”文章最后一段出现了关键词eat alone，第三段和第四段举了两个人独自吃饭的例子。
整篇文章都是围绕着eat alone展开的，与A项中的having meals alone相匹配，故答案为A项。
B.自我反省的重要性；C.加班带来的压力；D.无线科技的优点。
答案 A[2](2019·浙江卷)California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素)．The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46,000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源)．But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatestwater shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪)．Since the 1930s，McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。