英国概况History
British_history_2英语国家概况英国历史相关-2022年学习资料
William Ill and Mary-alyogine buege-By SaDEreNFFE6.20 2
The Glorious Revolution of 1688-L7yw1e心s0J-By SaDEreN FE6.2002
The Rise of the British Empire-The industrial revolut on-The chartist movement-The workshop of the world-Th colonial expansion-ogi tuogd-By SaDEreN-F-E0.2002
2.1 Religious Reformation-Reasons-2 religious camps:C tholic-and Protestant-Immediate cause:Henry VIII's-di orce-Act of Supremacy-Henry VIII-only supreme head of the church of England"-In essence,the Reformation was a political movement in a-religious guise-alyogi bwog -By SaDEreN-F-E0.2002
James l-Lalyogine tuege-By SaDer9NFKE6.2002
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
The Divine Right of Kings-●-James I was a firm believ r in the-Divine Right of Kings.He thought of his righ -to rule as God-given,which should not be-challenged y anyone,and he preferred no-Parliament at all.-alyog bwogd-By SaDEreN-F-E0.2002
英国概况
1) The House of Lords
The House of Lords currently consists of two very different types of member, the Lords Temporal(世俗议员) and Lords Spiritual(神职议 员). Lords Temporal include appointed members--life peers(终身贵族) and ninety-two remaining hereditary peers(世袭贵族)，elected from among, and by, the holders of title which previously gave a seat in the House of Lords. The Lords Spiritual represent the Archbishops(大教主) and most senior Bishops(主教) of the church of England.
4．Political Parties
The UK is a multi-party system（多党制） and since the 1920s, the two largest political parties have been the Conservative Party(保守党) and the Labor Party（工党） The Liberal Democrats(自由民主党), a party formed by the merger of the former Liberal Party自由党 and Social Democratic Party 社会民主党in 1988, is the third largest party in the British parliament. It is not enough to form a government, but enough to have a big impact on which of the other two parties does so. The leader of the party that wins the most seats is asked to form a government and the leader becomes the Prime Minister and selects his or her cabinet. (在选举中，赢得多数选票的政党的领导人成为首相，并且 选举自己的内阁阁员)
百科知识（英国）
百科知识（英国）⼈⽂知识部分Great Britain（⼆）⼀.英国简史(Brief History of U.K.)1.古代不列颠(Ancient Britain)在不列颠群岛(Britain)上很早就有⼈类活动。
约公元前3世纪，伊⽐利亚⼈(Iberians)从欧洲⼤陆来到⼤不列颠岛东南部定居。
约700年以后，居住在欧洲西部的凯尔特⼈(Celts)不断移⼊不列颠群岛。
2.罗马⼈统治下的英国(Roman Britain)公元前55年和前54年，凯撒(Julius Caesar)两度率罗马军进攻⼤不列颠，被不列颠⼈击退。
公元43年，罗马皇帝克劳狄⼀世(Emperor Claudius)率军进攻不列颠，并将其变为罗马帝国(Roman Empire)的⾏省。
为阻⽌北⽅凯尔特⼈南下，公元122年，罗马⼈在⼤不列颠岛北部修建了⼀条横贯东西，全长118公⽴的长城，史称哈德良长城。
在罗马⼈统治的东南地区，罗马⼈(Romans)和凯尔特⼈(Celts)上层抢占部落的共有⼟地，建⽴起奴⾪制⼤⽥庄，使得凯尔特⼈或战俘称为奴⾪。
公元3到4世纪，随着奴⾪反抗⽃争的加剧，罗马帝国逐渐衰落。
4世纪中叶前后，不列颠反抗罗马统治的⽃争也渐趋激化。
公元407年，罗马驻军全部撤离不列颠，罗马队不列颠的统治即告结束。
3.盎格鲁-撒克逊时代(Anglo-Saxons)罗马⼈撤离后，5世纪中期，⼤批⽇⽿曼⼈(Germans)经由北欧⼊侵⼤不列颠群岛，⼊侵者包括盎格鲁⼈(Anglo)，撒克逊⼈(Saxons)，朱特⼈(Jutes)等，⼊侵过程延续了⼀个半世纪。
经过长期混居，逐渐形成现今英格兰⼈的祖先。
6世纪末，基督教(Christianity)传⼊英国。
597年，罗马教皇格列⾼利⼀世(Pope Gregory)派修⼠奥古斯丁(St. Augustine)到英格兰传教。
到7世纪下半叶，英格兰全境基本上都皈依了罗马基督教。
7世纪初，⼊侵者先后建⽴起7个强国：东部和东北部盎格鲁⼈的麦西亚(Mercia)，诺森波利亚(Northumbria)和东盎格鲁利亚(East Anglia)，南部撒克逊⼈的威塞克斯(Wessex)，埃塞克斯(Essex)和苏赛克斯(Sussex)，东南部朱特⼈的肯特(Kent)，合称"七王国"(Heptarchy)。
英语国家概况：英国的形成历史
英语国家概况:英国的形成历史英国，全称大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国(The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)，本土位于欧洲大陆西北面的不列颠群岛，被北海、英吉利海峡、凯尔特海、爱尔兰海和大西洋包围。
下面是店铺整理的英语国家概况:英国的形成历史，欢迎大家阅读!The Shaping of the Nation (1066-1381)英国的形成(公元1066-1381)I. Norman Rule (1066-1381)诺曼统治(公元1066-1381)1. William's Rule (1066-1087)威廉一世的统治(公元1066-1087)England's feudalism under the rule of William theConqueror 在威廉统治下的英国封建制度①Under William, the feudal system in England was completely established.②According to this system, the King owned all the land personally.③William gave his barons large estates in England in return for a promise of military serviceand a proportion of the land's produce.④These estates were scattered f ar and wide over the country, so that those who held themcould not easily combine to rebel the king.⑤The barons, who had become William's tenants-in-chief, parceled out land to the lessernobles, knights and freemen, also in return for goods and services.⑥At the bottom of the feudal scale were the villeins or serfs.⑦One peculiar feature of the feudal system of England was that all landowners must take theoath of allegiance，not only totheir immediate lord, but also to the king.①在威廉统治下，英国的封建制度得到完全确立。
英国介绍(修订版)
2
地理
地理
英国位于欧洲大陆西北
部，由大不列颠岛和爱
尔兰岛北部及周边岛屿
2
组成
英国地形多样，有山地、
高原、河流、湖泊和沼
泽等
4
英国的气候属于温带海 洋性气候，全年温和湿 润，四季寒暑变化不大
英国国土面积约为
24.41万平方公里(包
1
括内陆水域)，由英格 兰、苏格兰、威尔士和
北爱尔兰四个构成国组
成
主要山脉有奔宁山脉和 哈德良山脉
此外，英国也是北大西洋公约 组织(NATO)的重要成员国之一， 与美国和其他盟友保持紧密的 军事和政治合作关系
作为联合国安全理事会的常任 理事国之一，英国在全球事务 中拥有重要的投票权和影响力
在欧洲事务中，英国也是欧盟 的重要成员国之一，参与了许 多欧盟的倡议和项目
12
总结
总结
英国是一个具有深厚 历史和文化底蕴的国 家，其政治、经济、 文化和社会发展都处
05
此 外 ， 英 国a还a有a 许 多 古 老 的 城 堡 和 宫 殿
如温莎城堡、白金汉宫等以及美丽的海
滨城市如布莱顿、利物浦等
03
除 此 之 外 ，a还a有a 许 多 世 界 著 名 的 博 物 馆
和艺术馆如大英博物馆、国家画廊等
6
教育
教育
英国的教育体系在全球范围内 享有盛誉，其高等教育机构如 剑桥大学、牛津大学等是世界
于世界领先地位
01
作为一个高度发达的 现代化国家，英国将 继续在全球事务中发
挥重要的作用
02
无论是在教育、科技、 文化还是政治领域， 英国都将继续对世界
产生深远的影响
03
-
THANKS FOR WATCHING
British_History 1 英语国家概况 英国历史相关
Stonehenge
It is the most famous prehistoric monument in Britain and is situated on Salisbury Plain in the county of Wiltshire. The Iberians began building Stonehenge about 5,000 years ago, dragging each
• In the ninth century they conquered and settled the extreme north and west of Scotland, and also some coastal regions of Ireland.
• Their conquest of England was halted when they were defeated by King Alfred of the Saxon kingdom of Wessex. This resulted in an agreement in 878 which divided England between Wessex in the south and west, and the “Danelaw” in the north and east.
Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy (七国时代)
• The seven principal kingdoms of Kent, Essex, Sussex, Wessex, East Anglia, Mercia and Northumbria have been given the name of Heptarchy, having occupied the lowland zones. – Jutes invasion: In 449, the Jutish chief became the king of Kent; – Anglo-Saxon Conquest: • Saxon : Essex, Sussex, Wessex; • Angles: East Anglia, Northumbria, Mercia ;
英语国家概况英国历史
Chapter Two History England in 878 A Brief History of the UKChapter Two History—A Brief History of the UK Elizabeth I A Brief History of the UK Objectives Starter Teaching Points Lesson Review Case Study Supplementary ReadingChapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK Objectives Acquire a general idea about the British history. Learn about the major stages and important figures in British history. Find out the influences of British history on other English speaking countries.Chapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK Starter Tell about the following pictures and the special period related to them.Chapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK What a b cChapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK Stonehenge One of the wonders of the world which is believed to have been built from 4000 BC to 2000 BC. Now as a world heritage site Stonehenge and all its surroundings remain powerful witnesses to the once great civilizations of the Stone and Bronze Ages. Map showing the location of StonehengeChapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK Shakespeares Globe Theatre A theatre in London associated with William Shakespeare. It was built in 1599 by Shakespeares playing company the Lord Chamberlains Men and was destroyed by fire on June 29 1613. A second Globe Theatre was rebuilt on the same site by June 1614 and closed in 1642. Interior of the modern reconstructionExterior of the modern reproduction of the GlobeChapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK King Arthur A legendary figure in the 5th century AD in British history. According to the legend Arthur gathered a company of knights who sat together at Arthur‘s castle. He created the famous ―round table‖ at which all would have equal right to be the king sense of democracy. H e united the British and with his magical sword Excalibur drove the Saxons back. adanno dominiin the year of our lord from Greek The Lady of the Lake gives Excalibur to King Arthur Statue of King ArthurChapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK Teaching Points A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE UKChapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK Pre-reading: Give a brief introduction of the historic periods of the UK by referring to the following chart. Pre-Celtic Period Celtic Age and Roman Invasion 1500BC-410AD Anglo-Saxon Britain Viking raids维京海盗突袭）and Norman invasion 410-1066 Norman Rule 1066-1381 Transition to the Modern Age 1455-1688 Rise and Fall of the British Empire 1688-1945Chapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK Historic Time Major Incidents Periods Roman Period 43—410 Christianity was brought to Britain Norman Rule 1066—1381 Magna Carta Black Death Transition to 1455—1688 The War of Roses English Renaissance Modern Age Rise of British 1688—1900 Industrial Revolution Colonial Expansion Empire Fall of British WWI WWII 1914—1945 Empire Great DepressionChapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK Pre-Celtic Period Celtic Age and Roman Invasion 1500BC －410AD The first Celtic tribes the Gaels（苏格兰高地的居民）came to the British Isles between 800 and 700 BC. Two centuries later the Brythons（居住在不列颠的凯尔特人）or ancient Britons came from whom the country was called Britain. British-recorded history begins with the Roman invasion in 43AD under Claudius I Since then England and Wales had been a part of the Roman Empire for nearly 400 years.Chapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK Pushing into Scotland The Romans built a gigantic wall Hadrian‗s Wall to control the frontier，the northwestern boundary of the Roman Empire. The Romans also brought the new religion Christianity to Britain. The location of Hadrians Wall Hadrians WallChapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK When the Roman Empire came under the repeated attacks from the Picts皮克特人）and Scots and the invasion of the Germanic Saxontribes the Roman army pulled out of Britain in 410 AD leading to the swift breakdown of Roman civilization. It is said that in the 5th century AD King Arthur united Britain and drove the Saxons out of the country with his magical sword Excalibur. King ArthurChapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK Anglo-Saxon Britain Viking raids and Norman invasion 410 －1066 Invaders of three Teutonic（日耳曼条顿人）tribes came to Britain in the mid-5th century. –firstly the Jutes（fishing and farming from southern Denmark in the mid-5th century –the Saxonsusers of short sword from northern Germany from the end of 5th century to the beginning of the 6th century –the Anglesnorthern Germany who came in the second half of the 6th century and who were to give their name to the English people. English the language of the Angles replace the old celtic and the country became known as England meaning the land of UKChapter Two History— A Brief History of the the Angles Alfred the Great By 850AD the country was under sustained attacks from Norwegian Viking raids. The Saxon king Alfred the Great also known as ―Father of the British Navy‖ gradually pushed the Vikings northwards and eventually into the sea. By 955 Alfred‘s grandson Ethelred ruled over Eadred a united England and the government became centralized.Chapter Two History—A Brief History of the UK Viking invasions renewed till 1066 when King Harold marched north and won a victory over the Vikings. On October 1066 William of Normandy known as ―William the Conqueror‖ defeated Harold‘s army and crowned himself William I in London on Christmas Day 1066 becoming the first Norman king of William the Conqueror England.Chapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK This period can be characterised as a transition from a tribal to feudal society. TheAnglo-Saxons brought their own Teutonic religion to Britain. The names Tuesday Wednesday Thursday and Friday respectively derive from their gods. — Tiu—god of war — Woden—king of heaven — Thor—god of storms — Freya—goddess of peace Christianity almost disappeared until 597 when Pope Gregory I of Roman came to England and began to convert the heathen 异教徒）English to Christianity. Pope Gregory IChapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK Norman Rule 1066 －1381 Under William the Conqueror the feudal system was completely established. — He confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. — He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government. — Relations with the Continents were opened. — Norman French culture language manners Priory Church and architecture were introduced. — The church was kept completely under the control of the king. — The Norman culture flowered on the English soil. — Monasteries formed the new cultural centers. Monastic CommunityChapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK Economic administrative and legal reforms from Henry II the first king of the House of Plantagenet: —abolishing the annual land tax —strengthening the king‘s Court and extending its judicial work —reforming certain abuses in Church Henry II government by restricting the power of the archbishopChapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK。
英国历史的英语介绍带翻译
通过对英国历史的英语介绍，我们可以理解这个国家的文化和传统的形成过程。对于学习英国文化和了解世界历史的人来说，深入了解英国历史是非常有价值的。无论是古罗马时期、盎格鲁-撒克逊时期、诺曼底征服时期，还是宪法发展和工业革命，这些重要的时期和事件塑造了英国的现代社会和文化面貌。
二、盎格鲁-撒克逊时期 Anglo-Saxon Period
5世纪至11世纪是盎格鲁-撒克逊时期。在这一时期，来自日耳曼地区的盎格鲁-撒克逊人占领了不列颠，并建立了七主要王国。这段时期见证了英国基督教的传入，以及英语作为主要语言的形成。盎格鲁-撒克逊文化对英国文化产生了深远的影响，英国的传统节日和习俗中仍可以看到其痕迹。
五、工业革命 Industrial Revolution
18世纪的英国经历了工业革命，这次革命对英国和世界产生了深远的影响。领导着全球工业变革的英国通过发明和创新推动了工业化进程，从而带动了经济繁荣。工业革命改变了英国社会结构，也引发了许多社会问题。然而，这段时期同时也催生了现代科学、技术和制度的重大进步。
英国概况
英国概况一．概况（Introduction）国名：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国（The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland），简称联合王国（United Kingdom），或者英国（Britain）。
国旗（National Flag）：米字旗国徽（National Emblem）：国徽中心有一枚盾，盾面的左上角和右下角分别有三只红底金狮，象征着英格兰，右上角是象征着苏格兰的三只金底红狮，左下角的竖琴（harp）则象征着爱尔兰。
盾左边是一支头戴王冠的狮子，象征英格兰，而右侧的独角兽（unicorn）则象征着苏格兰。
国歌（National Anthem）：《天佑女王》（God Save the Queen），如果在位君王是男性，则改为（God Save the King）。
国庆日（National Day）：英王的生日即为国庆日。
国花（National Flower）：玫瑰花（Rose）首都（Capital）：伦敦（London），英国的第一大城市和第一大港口，欧洲最大的都会之一。
同时它也是世界三大金融中心之一。
（纽约，伦敦，东京）语言（Languages）：官方用语为英语。
此外英国各个地区还有自己的通用语言：威尔士语（Welsh），爱尔兰语（Irish），苏格兰语（Scots）等等。
行政区域（Administrative Region）：分为四个部分：英格兰（England），威尔士（Wales），苏格兰（Scotland）和北爱尔兰（Northern Ireland）。
伦敦又被称作为“大伦敦”（Greater London），它辖有32个独立的城区（London Boroughs）和一个“金融城”（City of London）。
二．英国地理（Geography）1.英国简介（Brief introduction to Britain）英国由大不列颠岛（Britain）和北爱尔兰（Northern Ireland）组成，其中大不列颠岛由英格兰（England）、苏格兰（Scotland）和威尔士（Wales）三个部分组成。
英国简介-精品文档
01
03
02 04
水资源管理
英国的水资源管理面临着压力， 政府正在努力改善水质和提高水 资源利用效率。
自然保护区
英国拥有许多自然保护区，保护 其丰富的生物多样性。其中最著 名的是苏格兰的高地地区，那里 有丰富的野生动植物种群。
THANKS
感谢观看
英国简介
汇报人： 日期:
目 录
• 地理与历史 • 政治与经济 • 文化与教育 • 社会与生活 • 旅游与环境
01
地理与历史
地理
地理位置
英国位于欧洲大陆西北部，大不 列颠群岛中最大的岛屿，北边是 挪威海和北海，东边是波罗的海
，南边与法国隔海相望。
地理特点
英国地形主要由平原和丘陵组成， 地势北高南低，河流大多流向北海 。
二战后，英国逐渐失去了世界霸主的地位 ，但仍然是世界上最发达的国家之一。
02
政治与经济
政治体制
01
02
03
04
君主立宪制
英国实行君主立宪制，国王或 女王为国家元首，统而不治。
议会制度
英国议会由上议院和下议院组 成，是英国政治的核心机构。
政府与内阁
政府由首相领导，内阁是英国 政治决策的核心机构。
司法机构
气候特点
英国主要属于温带海洋性气候，四 季分明，雨水充沛。
历史
早期历史
中世纪
英国有着悠久的早期历史，曾是罗马帝国 的领土，后来成为盎格鲁撒克逊人的故乡 。
在欧洲中世纪时期，英国经历了多个王朝 的更迭，包括盎格鲁撒克逊王朝、诺曼底 王朝等。
近代史
现代英国
17世纪英国革命后，英国逐渐成为君主立 宪制的国家，并在19世纪和20世纪初成为 世界上最强大的国家之一。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
The Mayflower, which transported 201 Pilgrims to the New World. During the first winter at Plymouth, about half of the Pilgrims died.
The 13 Original Colonies
US declaration Independence
The Declaration Stated: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.”
Emancipation Proclamation
It freed the slaves only in states that have seceded from the Union. It did not free slaves in border states. 1863 Emancipation = freedom
The Boston Massacre March 5, 1770. Throwing snowballs near the Boston Customs House. British soldiers fired into the crowd. Four civilians were killed.
“Supreme Law of the Land” The structure of the government The rights of the American people No law can contradict it. No person or government is exempt from following it.
The Constitutional Convention May, 1787 Delegates from all states except Rhode Island met in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. George Washington was unanimously elected presiding officer.
The Place Where the First Shot Was Fired
Second Continental Congress
May
10, 1775. The Continental Army was founded. George Washington was elected commander-in-chief.
IV. The American Civil War(1661-1665)
The Civil War: Union v.s. Confederacy
Confederate
Union
Cause No. 1 Election of Lincoln
Election of Lincoln. Southern States felt they were bullied by the North when he was elected.
Other 17 Amendments The 15th Amendment gave the right to vote to all male Americans, regardless of race, in 1870. The 19th Amendment expanded those rights to women in 1920. Only one amendment, Amendment 18 was ever repealed by 21st Amendment.
III. The Revolutionary Period
Conflicts Between the Colonies and England The Stamp Act (1765) The Boston Massacre (1770) The Boston Tea Party (1770)
The Stamp Act 1.1765 2.The first direct tax. 3.“No Taxation without Representation.” 4. It was repealed in 1766.
Christopher Columbus (c. 31 October 1451 – 20 May 1506) a navigator, colonizer, and explorer from the Republic of Genoa, in northwestern Italy.
II. The Colonial Period
Gettysburg – Turning Point
Gettysburg is the largest battle in the history of the Western hemisphere. Over 100, 000 people died in 3 days. It was the last time the South invaded the North.
Common Sense
A pamphlet by Thomas Paine. January, 1776 It argued for independence from British rule.
War Broke Out
April 18, 1775 2,000 soldiers to confiscate munitions at Concord. The first shots were fired at Lexington, Massachusetts.
In 1620, a group of Puritans came to America. On Sep.16, they set off from Plymouth, England on a ship called the Mayflower. Before they set foot on the new land, they signed the Mayflower Compact, in which they promised to obey the rules and laws of the colony. The first English colony in the America was founded at Jamestown, Virginia, in1607. Between 1607 and 1733 the British established 13 colonies along the east coast of North America.
The War Begins - the Firing on Fort Sumter
The Progress of Secession
The Union: blue (free), yellow (slave); The Confederacy: brown *territories in light shades
First Continental Congress September 5, 1774 Philadelphia. All except Georgia. Expressed colonial grievances. Only radicals demanded independence.
The Declaration of Independence Thomas Jefferson. Defined the rights of the people of the independent states. On July 4, 1776, it was approved. The birth of America.
Cause No. 2: Abolitionism
Harriet Beecher Stowe
So this is the lady who started the Civil War. -- Abraham Lincoln
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Sold 300,000 copies in the first year. 2 million in a decade!
Bill of Rights The first ten amendments. Guarantee the right of the people. They were introduced by James Madison to the First United States Congress in 1789 as a series of legislative articles, and came into effect as Constitutional Amendments on December 15, 1791, through the process of ratification by three-fourths of the States.