光明城市

城市规划与管理专业英语English City Planning and Management光明城市The radiant city翻译成员：111855128熊能111855125汤豪111855108程志111855104陈世峰111855107谌博111855133张菂111855119李胜鸾111855122栾楠The Radiant City光明城市The Radiant City retained the most important principle of the Contemporary City:the juxtaposition of a collective realm of order and administration with an individualistic realm of family life and participation.光明城理论保持了现代城市构想中最重要的原则：让充斥着秩序和管理的集体王国与以家庭生活和分享为特征的个人空间完美地结合。

This juxtaposition became the key to Le Corbusier’s attempt to resolve the syndicalist dilemma of authority and participation.Both elements of the doctrine receive intense expression in their respective spheres.Harmony is in the structure of the whole city and in the complete life of its citizens.这种结合成了柯布西耶试图解决工团主义者自身权威与参与的两难境地的关键。

这两个要素都在它们各自的领域收获了强烈的表现效果。

和谐存在于整个城市的结构体系中以及城市公民整个生活中。

The Radiant City was a more daring and difficult synthesis than the Contemporary City.In his effort to realize the contradictory elements of syndicalism,le Corbusier made the Radiant City at once more authoritarian and more libertarian than its predecessor.光明城理论比现代城市理论更为大胆、更加难以实现。

为了努力实现与辛迪加斯特中相互抵触的基本要素，柯布西耶使光明城理论在创设之初就比现代城市理论更加自治、更加强调自由意志。

Within the sphere of collective life,authority has become absolute.The Contemporary City had lacked any single power to regulate all the separate private corporations which accomplished the essential work of society;Le Corbusier had then believed that the invisible hand of free competition would create the most efficient coordination.在共同生活的范围内，权利变得绝对。

当代城市已经没有任何单一的权利来监管所有已经完成社会的基本工作的单独的企业；柯布西耶于是相信那些看不见的手的竞争将会创造最有效的协调。

The Great Depression robbed him of his faith.He now held that organization must extend beyond the large corporations.They had rationalized their own organizations,but the economy as a whole remained wasteful,anarchic,irrational.The planned allocation of manpower and resources which had taken place within each corporation must now be accomplished for society.In the Radiant City every aspect of productive life is administered from above according to one plan.This plan replaces the marketplace with total administration;experts match society’s need to its productive capacities.大萧条使他丧失了信心。

他现在认为组织必须超越大型企业。

他们合理化自己的组织，但整体经济依然浪费、混乱、不合理。

计划中的已经发生在每个公司的人力和资源的分配必须在社会上完成。

在光明城市，高效的生活的每一个方面都是根据一个计划从上往下执行的。

这个计划用总体管理取代了市场；专家将社会的需要和它们的生产能力相匹配。

The preordained harmony which Le Corbusier had called for in urban reconstruction would now be imposed on all productive life.The great works of construction would become only one element in the plan.This was a crucial extension of the concept of planning.柯布西耶在城市重建中呼吁的注定的和谐将会被强加到所有的生产生活中。

伟大的建筑作品将只是变成计划中的一个小元素。

这是对计划的概念的重要延伸。

Ebenezer Howard and Frank Lloyd Wright had believed that once the environment had been designed ,the sources of disorder in society would be minimized and individuals could be left to pursue their own initiatives.This belief rested on a faith in a “natural economic order,”a faith which Le Corbusier no longer shared.埃比尼泽*霍华德和弗兰克*劳埃德*赖特认为，一旦环境已经被设计，社会上骚乱的来源会减少而且个人可以去追求自己的计划。

这种信仰落在一个“自然经济秩序”的信仰上，也就是柯布西耶不再共享的。

He confronted a world threatened by chaos and collapse.It seemed that only discipline could create the order he sought so ardently.Coordination must become conscious and total.Above all,society needed authority and a plan.他面对一个受到混乱和崩溃威胁的世界。

似乎只有自身约束可以创造他热烈寻求的这种规则。

协调平等必须变得每个人都有意识。

首先，社会需要权威和一个计划。

“plans are not political,”Le Corbusier wrote.The plan’s complex provisions,covering every aspect of production,distribution,and construction,represent a necessary and objective ordering of society。

The plan is necessary because the Machine Age requires conscious control.It is objective because the Machine Age imposes essentially the same discipline on all societies.Planning involves the rational mastery of industrial process and the application of that mastery to the specific conditions of each nation.The plan is a “rational and lyric monument”to man’s capacity to organize.“计划不是政治，”勒柯布西耶写到。

该计划的复杂条款，包括生产，销售，施工的各个方面，代表这个社会的一个必要的客观的要求。

这个计划是必要的，因为机器时代需要有意识的控制。

他是客观的，因为机器时代强加本质上相同的纪律在所有的社会。

计划包括合理掌握工业过程和这种掌控在各个国家特殊环境中的应用。

这个计划是对人的组织能力的一个“理性和抒情纪念碑”。

The plan is formulated by an elite of experts detached from all social pressure.They work “outside the fevers of mayors’and prefects’ offices,”away from the “cries of electors and the cries of victims.”Their plans are”established serenely,lucidly.They take account only of human truths.”In the planner’s formulations,”the motive forces of a civilization pass from the subjective realm of consciousness to the objective realm of facts.”His plans are “just,long-term,established on the realities of the century,imagined by a creative passion.”这个计划是有一个精英的专家脱离所有社会压力制定的。