选修六第二章第一节教案
选修六 unit2
Unit 2 Poems单元教学目标技能目标Skill Goals▲Talk about different types of poems▲Talk about rhyme and rhythm▲Practice writing simple poems▲Learn to use the subjunctive mood▲Talk about intentions and plans课型设计与课时分配1st Period Reading2nd Period Speaking3rd Period Writing5th Period Language StudyⅣ. 分课时教案The First Period ReadingTeaching goals 教学目标1. Target language 目标语言a. 重点词汇和短语b. 重点句式2. Ability goals 能力目标Enable the students to know more about the poems, including the reason why people write poems and the simple types of poems.3. Learning ability goals 学能目标Enable the students to learn more about poems.Teaching important & difficult points 教学重难点The forms of poems.Teaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方式Step Ⅰ RevisionTalk about poems or songs the students learned before. First, show the following tothe students. (If possible, present them in audio-visual form.)Step Ⅱ Lead-inTask 1: Talk about the kinds of poems.Task 2: Ask the students to skim the poems in the Reading. Then tick the box.Step Ⅲ IntroductionTask 1: Ask the students to read the passage quickly and fill the form below.Task 2: Ask the students to listen to the recording of the passage and try clapping the beats.Task 3: Comprehending: Ask the students to answer the questions following the text. Task 4: Ask the students to know something about poems.Task 5: Ask the students to read the poems on page 52 in the workbook. Then answer the questions followed. (Encourage the students to comprehend the poems on their own.)Then ask the students to answer the first question on page 53 in the workbook.Step Ⅳ Homework1. Ask the students to collect at least five English poems with different forms.2. Ask the students to do Exercise 1 in Learning about Language on page 12.The Second Period SpeakingTeaching goals 教学目标1. Target language 目标语言a. 重点词汇和短语b. 交际用语What did it make you feel or ... P142. Ability goals 能力目标Enable the students to talk about poems.3. Learning ability goals 学能目标Help the students learn how to talk about poems.Teaching important & difficult points教学重难点How to talk about poems.Teaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方式Step ⅠRevision and Lead-inAsk the students to read the words aloud. Then ask them to explain why “rhyming” can make vocabulary easy?Step ⅡListening and SpeakingTask 1: Ask the students to listen to the poem “I’ve sav ed the summer”. And then answer the questions in Exercise 1.Ask the students to read the poem after the recording and circle the words that rhyme in the poem.Task 2: Ask the students to discuss about the poem.Step Ⅲ DiscussingTask 1: Ask the students to think about the kind of poem they would write / translate. Task 2: Ask the students to discuss the kind of poem they are going to write / translate.Step Ⅳ HomeworkAsk the students to write / translate the poems they talked about in the class.The Third Period WritingTeaching goals 教学目标1. Target language 目标语言重点词汇和短语load, translate, recite, poster, lyrics2. Ability goals 能力目标Enable the students to write / translate simple poems.3. Learning ability goals 学能目标Help the students learn how to write / translate poems.Teaching important & difficult points 教学重难点How to write or translate poems.Teaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方式Step Ⅰ RevisionAsk the students to show their work.Step Ⅱ WritingTask 1: Talk with the students about how to write list poems.Task 2: Ask the students to write a poem that starts with “I feel happy when ...” or “Slowly”.Step Ⅲ Homework1. Ask the students to do the exercises in Discovering useful structures on page 13.2. Ask the students to do Listening Task in the workbook on page 53.The Fifth Period Language StudyTeaching goals 教学目标1. Target language 目标语言重点词汇和短语nursery, rhythm, recite, run out of2. Ability goals 能力目标Enable the students to learn to use the subjunctive mood.3. Learning ability goals 学能目标Help the students learn how to use the subjunctive mood.Teaching important & difficult points 教学重难点The subjunctive mood.Teaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方式Step ⅠGrammar FocusTalk about “subjunctive mood”.Show the following to the students.Ask the students to read the following examples repeatedly. Step II HomeworkAsk the students to do the task in PROJECT.。
高二英语外研版选修六教学案：Module 2 Section 1 含答案
Ⅰ.Match the word with its meaning.1．series A．轻拍，轻打2．behave B．系列，丛书3．hesitate C．醒着的，清醒的4．doubt D．犹豫，迟疑5．direction E．做梦6．shape F．弯腰，屈身7．bend G．表现，举动8．dream H．形状9．awake I．方向10．pat J．怀疑答案：1～5 BGDJI 6～10 HFECAⅡ.Write down the meaning of phrases in each sentence.1．The examinee is then directed to fix on the examiner's right eye. 注视2．He kept/fixed his eyes on us without saying a word. 注视3．A child came up to me and showed me the way to the station.朝……走过来4．The police cast about for some fresh evidence. 寻找5．Hearing someone calling him, he looked around for the person. 四处寻找6．The air is laden with the scent of the flowers. 充满着7．Don't put the food down on the ground. 放下8．The lady held out her hand to him. 伸出9．She turned away in horror at the sight of so much blood. 走开10．She felt a wave of feeling sweep over her after hearing this. 向……扩展Look at the pictures.What are they？What do you know about His Dark Materials?参考答案：His Dark Materials, written by Philip Pullman, is one of the greatest fantasy stories ever written. It includes three books, Northern Lights, The Subtle Knife and The Amber Spyglass. The heroine is a young girl called Lyra and the hero is a boy called Will.Ⅰ.Fast readingMatch the following paragraphs with their main ideas.①Para.1 A．Will found where the cat had vanished.②Paras.2～7 B．Descriptions of the patch in the air.③Para.8 C．What he saw in another world.④Para.9 D．The strange behaviour of the cat.⑤Paras.10～11 E．Will went into another world.⑥Para.12 F．Will found a different world.⑦Paras.13～15 G．Will saw a cat.答案：①～⑦ GDABFECⅡ.Careful readingRead the text again and choose the best answer according to the text.1．Why did the author choose “The Cat That Vanished” as the title of this passag e? A．The cat was Will's loved pet cat.B．It was the cat that led Will to another world.C．The cat belonged to another world.D．The cat is said to have super power.2．What made Will curious about the cat?A．The time when the cat came to the garden.B．The cat's rubbing her head against his knuckles.C．The cat's strange behaviour.D．The territory for the cat to patrol.3．What did Will find after the cat vanished?A．Some angles.B．A patch in the air.C．A truck coming around the circle.D．Some houses.4．What did Will do after he climbed through the patch?A．He thought nothing was better than his home.B．He found a beautiful world with trees, flowers and a classical temple.C．The cat appeared again and acted as his guide.D．He was so sleepy that he fell asleep instantly.5．We can infer from the passage that .A．Will missed his family very muchB．Will realized that his dream could never come trueC．Will could never find the catD．Will didn't want to go back to his own world答案：1～5 BCBBDⅢ.Study readingAnalyze the following difficult sentences in the text.1．Of course, every cat behaved like that, but all the same Will felt such a longingto turn for home that tears scalded his eyes.[句式分析][尝试翻译] 当然，所有的猫都是那样的。
人教版选修6 Unit2 教案
Unit 2 RobotsTeaching aims（教学目标）三维目标知识目标Knowledge aims:1.Master the important new words，phrases and sentence patterns.2．To learn about some simple forms of English poems.3．To develop the students' reading ability by skimming and scanning the passage.4．To develop the students' speaking ability by talking about some features of some simple forms of English poems.5.Grammar in this unit: 虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)能力目标Ability aims:1.To learn the main developing steps of the history of English poetry.2.To learn the characteristics of different forms of poems.3.To improve students' reading ability.4.To practice writing simple poems.5.To guess what will be talked about in the listening materials.6.To improve their reading skills.7. Develop students’ reading ability and let them learn different reading skills.情感目标1．To cultivate students' appreciation of poetry and the ability of understanding，enjoying and writing poems.2．To develop students' sense of cooperative learning.3. Activate the students’interest of learning English by using many kinds of classroom activities. Important points（教学重点）1.Get students to know about different types of poems，some poetic devices like rhythm，rhyme，repetition，sound patterns and imagery.2．Have students learn some useful new words and expressions about poetry and let them learn effective ways to master them.3．Enable students to grasp and use the expressions of intention and plans.4．Let students learn the new grammar item：the subjunctive mood(2)．5．Develop students' listening，speaking，reading and writing ability.Difficult points（教学难点）1.Enable students to master the use of the subjunctive mood.2．Let students learn to create their own poems.3．Develop students' integrative skillsTeaching methods（教学方法）1. Task-based teaching and learning2. Cooperative learning and practice3.Asking-and-answering activity to check the students’ answers of the exercises；individual，pair or group work to finish each task.4. Fast and careful reading.5. Discussion.Teaching aids（教具）（1）a tape recorder（2）a projector（3）the blackboard、whiteboard and other normal teaching tools学法指导合作探究对话推理教材分析本单元的中心话题是诗歌。
牛津译林版高中英语选修六Unit2WhatishappinesstoyouReading1教案
Unit 2 What is happiness to you?ReadingTeaching goals 教学目标1. Target language 目标语言a. 重点词汇和短语injure, struggle, in hospital, apart from, devote oneself to, rush, cheer up, overcome, accomplish, in good spirits, adapt, inspire, across the worldb. 重点句子Now, she finds happiness, through reaching much smaller goals, and through the love of the people around her.In 1998, a small accident during one of her practice vaults at the Goodwill Games could have cost her future happiness.She was rushed to a top hospital in New York and specialists from many parts of the world said that because of her severe injuries, she would never walk again. Everyone who saw her, from nurses to famous visitors like Leonardo DiCaprio from the film Tinatanic, who went to see her in the hospital to cheer her up, all said she was in good spirits.2. Ability goals 能力目标Enable the students to talk about the story about Sang Lan and learn how to read an interview.3. Learn ing ability goals 学能目标[来源:学科网]Help the students learn how to talk about disabled people who have got great achievement and also how to read an interview.Teaching important and difficult points 教学重难点Talk about Sang Lan’s story and how to read an interview.Teaching methods 教学方法Fast reading, careful reading, and discussion.Teaching aids 教具准备A tape recorder and a multimedia.Teaching procedures and ways 教学过程与方式Step ⅠGreetings and Lead-inGreet the stude nts as usual and get them to review what they have talked about in the last period.T: Do you remember what we talked about last time?Ss: Yes. We talked about happiness and how to become happy by discussing six pictures.T: Yes, that’s it. Usually, we become unhappy because of this or that, and can cheer up again with the help of our friends or parents. But have you ever thought about the disabled?S: They suffer a lot both physically and mentally.S: I think it is very difficult for them to do things.S: We should help them.…T: Quite right! However, there are many disabled people, who defeated unexpected difficulties and succeeded finally and set good examples to us. Can you give me some examples?S: Sima Qian in western Han Dynasty composed Shih Chi.S: Sun Zi, whose feet were cut, wrote the Art of War.S: Hellen Keller, who lost eyesight and hearing, entered Harvard and Cambridge to study and became a great writer and educator.[来源:学&科&网Z&X&X&K]…T: Well done! All these people encourage us so much. And if you suffered from what they had experienced, what would you do?S: I would push for success.S: I would do something I can to make my life colourful.S: I wanted to learn something.S: I would do something to help others. I always believe helping others can make ushappy.T: Great! All of you hold positive attitudes towards this. And today we will read an interview. The main character in the interview is Sang Lan. Do you know anything about her?S: I know she was once a gymnast.T: Yes, what’s more?S: She had an accident during one of her p ractice vaults and got injured severely.T: That is a shock to everyone. How did she overcome the difficulties, and how is she now? Let’s move to the text.Step ⅡFast-readingGet the students to read the text quickly and find out the answers to the questions in Part A.T: Now go through the text quickly, and answer the questions in Part A.[来源:]A few minutes later.T: Now who would like to answer the questions?S: The topic of the TV interview is about the search for happiness.T: That’s right. Next question: What’s the name of the psychologist?S: The psychologist’s name is Dr. Brain.T: Good. The last question: When and where was Sang Lan born?S: She was born in Ningbo, China in 1981.Step ⅢCareful-readingGet the students to read the text carefully and learn more detailed information and then do Exercise C.T: You have done a very good job in answering the three questions. And now I will give you some more minutes to read the text carefully. Then try to do True or False questions in C1 on Page 20. If the statement is wrong, please try to correct it.[来源:学科网]Several minutes later, check the answers together.T: Excellent! You have done a very good job.Step ⅣPost-readingGet the students to do Exercises C2, D, E and F.T: Now you have got a better understanding of the text. Next, let’s do some exercises. First, ask the students to glance at Exercise C2 and D, the read Reading part again to finish them.Several minutes later. Check the answers together.T: Well done! Now let’s look at Exercise E. This is a newspaper article about Sang Lan. I will give you several minutes to complete the article.[来源:学科网ZXXK] Several minutes later.T: Shall we check the answers now? I will ask some of you to read the article first. Ask some students to read the article and check the answers together.T: Well done! Next let’s talk about Exercise F in pairs, and la ter I’ll ask some of you to show us your dialogue. Are you clear?Ss: Yes!Give the students enough time to do that. Then check the answers.[来源:学科网ZXXK]Sample dialogue:A: Have you ever heard about the story of Sang Lan?B: Yes, of course! She is very famous in gymnastics, which is a dangerous sport, only top athletes should be allowed to try the most difficult moves.A: Why do you think so?B: Because these athletes, who could be chosen to take part in the inter national games, must be talents in this field. They are trained professionally and practice almost day and night, bearing tiredness, hardship, and other things that we have never thought about.A: I do think so. But I also think that even though we can not be the top athletes inthe world, training hard at a sport can make us more hard-working in other areas of our life.B: I can’t agree more. Training hard at a sport not only helps us build up our determination, challenge various difficulties bravely, and also helps us learn to collaborate with other team membe rs.[来源:学科网ZXXK]A: Yes. From the story of Sang Lan, we can find that the sport spirit can help her hold a positive attitude towards her life and the world.B: So, she keeps busy and thin ks about positive things to enrich her life.A: By doing so, she will think little about herself and more about others. When she recalls all these meaningful things she has done, she’ll be very happy.B: Quite right!Step V Discussion[来源:学+科+网]Enable the students to talk about their experiences to overcome the difficulties and become ha ppy.T: Up to now, we have learned the story about Sang Lan and her struggle for happiness. And what can we learn from her? Next, combine your own experience and discuss the questions with your partners. I will give you some minutes to finish the task.Show the students the following questions.1. Have you ever had some painful experiences?2. If you have, how did you search for your happiness?Give the students some time to discuss the questions in groups of four.During this period, the teacher may go into the students to give them help if necessary. After several minutes, check the answers.T: Well, time is up. Have you finished the discussion?Ss: Yes.T: OK. I’ll ask some of you to tell your stories.S: When I was twelve years old, I had a bad accident. I was knocked over by a car.After two months of treatment, I was nearly recovered. But I couldn’t stand up easily. So I had to sit in the wheelchair. It was a shock to me. I was so afraid to become disabled. During that period of time, I felt very frustrated. Fortunately, my parents and m y friends gave me much encouragement. They spared every free minute to stay with me and help me do exercise. Because of their encouragement and help, I cheered up again. I was determined to stand up again. Now I am as healthy as the others. After that experience, I realised that be optimistic, and everything will become better.T: Very good. You are brave. I believe in the future nothing will stop you. You will have a bright future.S2: To me, the most painful experience was the first month in the school. My home is far from here, so I had to be in residence(住校). I could meet my parents once a week. I felt so lonely. Everything was new to me. In that month, my study fell behind sharply. However, I thought, I couldn’t be like that any more. My aim was to get further education, not to miss my parents. So I concentrated on study. In my spare time, I tried to tal k with my classmates and made friends with them.Everything became better an d better afterwards.S: The painful experience I had was my failure in one exam. I had never failed in any exams before. That time I felt frustrated and even lost heart in my study. After a talk with my teacher, I realized: No pains, no gains. I looked back upon my attitude towards study before. Even the easiest things will become hard for you if you don’t try. So now I try my best to do everything. The results turn out that my effort is not in vain. I feel satisfied and happy.T: Good! You have expressed yourselves very clearly.Step ⅥText analysisHelp the students learn something about interview.T: The text we learned today is an interview. Can you tell me how to read an interview?[来源:学科网]S: First I will get the topic of the interview. And then I will read the questions and answers carefully.T: Good! Let’s read a reading strategy to know how to read an interview. Please open your books to Page 19.After several minutes.T: Can you tell me what an interview is?S: An interview takes place when one pe rson asks another person a series of questions on a topic.T: When reading an interview, what is important for us to do?S: It is important to carefully scan the first paragraph to find out the topic of the interview.T: What should we do after that?[来源:学.科.网Then we should carefully read each question and try to fully understand the question before reading the interviewee’s response.T: If we want to get a better understanding of the topic, what should we do?S: We should pay s pecial attention to the answer to the question.T: Thank you, very good. In this class, we learned Sang Lan’s search for happiness and we also learne d how to read an interview. Everyone did a very good job. Class is over.Step ⅦHomework1. Remember the new words and expressions.2. Retell the text.。
选修6unit2教学设计新部编版
教师学科教案任教学科:任教年级:任教老师:q %宀「紐八二V■:无工-a1 -.〕'二-pi厂二一 J ：■••- ■，“•丿--• j--i ■=_•・a*応；j ■xx 市实验学校[20 -20 学年度第—学期］Book2 Unit 3 Comp uterReadi ng【学习目标】1. 语言目标 Language aims:1 )学会谈论电脑所用的有关单词和短语 ：calculate, un iversal,sim plify, sum, op erator, logical, tech no logical, revoluti on, artificial, in tellige nee, solve, reality, person al, tube, n etwork, web, app licatio n, cinan ce, mobile, rocket, explore2)让学生了解计算机的历史和基本知识。
2. 能力目标 Ability aims:1) 进一步熟悉掌握一些阅读技巧，比如快速寻找文章细节信息 (scanning)、归纟内和总结(summarizing )。
2) 让学生学会表达自己的观点。
3. 情感目标 Emotional aims: 1) 引起学生学习电脑的兴趣。
2) 培养学生的合作学习能力。
重点 key P oi nts:1. let students learn more about history and basic knowledge of PC 。
2. Get stude nts to lear n differe nt read ing skills. 难点 important points:1. Devel op stude nts 'ead ing ability.2. En able stude nts to lear n to exp ress their opinions.二课时，第一课时完成导学案，第二课时小组安排代表展示。
选修六第二章第一节教案
第二章环境污染与防治第一节水污染及其成因教学课题：第一节水污染及其成因教学目标：1．通过案例学习，分析造成水体污染的污染源及其污染物，明确水污染成因。
2．联系实际，学习分析有关水污染现象的污染过程及其危害。
3．以天然水净化为例，理解环境自净能力和环境容量对环境污染的影响。
教学重点：1．天然水的自净能力2．水污染的现象教学难点：1．天然水体净化作用的机理教学方法：案例分析法教学课时：1节教学过程：引言：“水是生命之源”，是自然环境的组成部分，也是人类生存不可缺少的基本条件，世界文明发祥地大都与河流相伴。
然而，随着生产发展，水污染问题日趋严重，已成为当代社会面临的重大环境污染问题。
一．天然水的自净能力1．环境的自净能力：环境对外来物质具有一定的消纳、同化能力，就是环境的自净能力。
（回顾高一内容）2．天然水体净化作用的机理：3．不同水体自净能力的比较:根据水体的流动性强弱比较：河流水强于湖泊水强于地下水。
掌握不同水体的自净规律，充分利用水体的自净能力，就能以最经济的方法控制和治理水污染。
4．水污染：在一定的时间、空间范围内，如果污染物大量排入天然水体，并超过其自净能力，就会改变水和底泥的理化性质，改变水中生物群落组成，造成水质恶化、水体利用价值降低甚至丧失的现象，称为水污染。
分析图 2.2二．水体污染现象1．水体污染物具有多样性，污染现象也不相同，主要污染现象有三种，归纳如下：水体富营养化导致水葫芦疯长：海洋富营养化导致赤潮：墨西哥湾石油泄漏：（1）墨西哥湾石油泄漏：（2）墨西哥湾石油泄漏：（3）墨西哥湾石油泄漏：（4）墨西哥湾石油泄漏：（5）2．水污染的主要污染源：3．主要污染物：课堂小结：布置作业：。
选修六第1-2章复习教案
学科组高二政史地（地理）主备人执教人课时第课时课型复习时间2012年课题选修6第一章——第二章复习教学目标1、识记：环境伦理观、环境问题的含义及其分类、次生环境问题、自然资源的概念和分类、水资源危机等；2、各节知识点的归纳、理解应用；3、培养学生椐图归纳的能力和联系实际的能力。
教学设想重点：培养学生椐图归纳的能力和联系实际的能力难点：培养学生椐图归纳的能力和联系实际的能力教法学法指导：讲述法、分析类比法教学程序与策略一、环境的概念及分类1.概念：是指人类来意生存与发展的社会和无知条件的综合体。
2.环境的分类：A.按属性：自然环境和社会环境B.其他标准二、环境因素1.自然环境因素：水、空气、生物、土壤、岩石、阳光等；2.社会环境因素：生产力、科学技术、社会制度、宗教信仰等三、环境质量1.成因：自然原因和人为原因2.分类：大气环境质量、水环境质量、土壤环境质量等第二节环境问题概述一、环境问题的概念及分类1.概念：指由于人类活动或自然原因使环境条件发生了变化，并对人类及其他生物的生存和发展造成影响和破坏的问题。
2.分类：A.原生环境问题：由自然力或自然因素引起的环境问题称为原生环境问题。
B.次生环境问题：由人类活动引起的环境问题称为次生环境问题，包括环境污染和生态破坏。
二、环境问题产生的原因及危害1.原因：自然原因和人为原因2.危害：A.威胁生态平衡B.危害人类健康C.直接制约经济和社会的可持续发展三、当前人类面临的主要环境问题1.全球性环境污染：气候变暖、酸雨污染、臭氧层破坏等。
2.大面积的生态破坏：植被破坏、生物多样性减少、水土流失、土地荒漠化。
3.突发性的严重污染事件特点：突发性；污染范围大，危害严重，经济损失巨大。
第三节一、人类与自然环境的相互作用A.人类依赖于自然界而生存和发展；B.人类可以改造环境，环境又反作用于人类二、人类对自然态度的演变对自然的态度：依赖自然1.采猎文明时期：产生的环境问题：部分生物资源遭到破坏对自然的态度：改造自然2.农业文明时期：产生的环境问题：区域性环境问题出现对自然的态度：征服自然3.工业文明时期：产生的环境问题：环境问题蔓延的全球对自然的态度：善待自然4.后工业文明时期：产生的环境问题：全球性环境问题亟待解决三、人类与环境问题的和谐1.尊重和善待自然2.关爱人类并尊重个人3.兼顾当代人与后代人的利益第二章资源保护第一节自然资源与主要的资源问题一、自然资源的涵义1.概念：自然界中的各种物质和能量，只要他对人类有用的，都属于自然资源。
人教版高二英语选修6教案：Unit1+Art+period2(补充).doc
石泉中学课时教案Step 1RevisionCheck the answers to the grammar exercises on Page 5 and explain the difficult ones.p 2Lead－inGive the students a specific situation for the students to think and talk about some famous galleries.You may begin like this “Imagine your class is going to Beijing Arts and Crafts Gallery，and you are the guide of the gallery.Please tell them what they will be able to see in the museum.”Pre－readingGive the students the following two questions for them to think about and answer.1．Do you know any Western art galleries?2．Have you ever been to any Western galleries before? If so，describe your visit.Fast reading1．(Slide show)？？？Suggested answers：(1)The passage introduces some best art galleries of Manhattan.(2)Possibly in a guide book.(3)Tourists and art gallery visitors.Detailed readingRead the passage more carefully and complete the chart below.Suggested answers：Step 6Language studyShow the students the following language points in the passage in a slide show.1．appeal to(P6)【原句再现】It will appeal_to those who love Impressionist and Post－Impressionist paintings.展览将吸引印象派和后印象派作品的爱好者。
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第二章环境污染与防治
第一节水污染及其成因
教学课题：第一节水污染及其成因
教学目标：
1．通过案例学习，分析造成水体污染的污染源及其污染物，明确水污染成因。
2．联系实际，学习分析有关水污染现象的污染过程及其危害。
3．以天然水净化为例，理解环境自净能力和环境容量对环境污染的影响。
教学重点：
1．天然水的自净能力
2．水污染的现象
教学难点：
1．天然水体净化作用的机理
教学方法：
案例分析法
教学课时：1节
教学过程：
引言：“水是生命之源”，是自然环境的组成部分，也是人类生存不可缺少的基本条件，世界文明发祥地大都与河流相伴。
然而，随着生产发
展，水污染问题日趋严重，已成为当代社会面临的重大环境污染问
题。
一．天然水的自净能力
1．环境的自净能力：
环境对外来物质具有一定的消纳、同化能力，就是环境的自净能力。
（回顾高一内容）
2．天然水体净化作用的机理：
3．不同水体自净能力的比较:
根据水体的流动性强弱比较：河流水强于湖泊水强于地下水。
掌握不同水体的自净规律，充分利用水体的自净能力，就能以最经济的方法控制和治理水污染。
4．水污染：
在一定的时间、空间范围内，如果污染物大量排入天然水体，并超过其自净能力，就会改变水和底泥的理化性质，改变水中生物群落组
成，造成水质恶化、水体利用价值降低甚至丧失的现象，称为水污染。
分析图 2.2
位置净化物质过程
上层藻类和其他绿色植物通过光合作用，吸收CO2放出O2，补充由于污染物的氧化消耗的氧，去除过多的CO2
中层河水物理作用：混合、稀释、挥发、扩散、沉淀
化学作用：使污染物的存在形态发生变化，浓度降低
底层河床底泥和微生物河床底泥吸附部分污染物;微生物通过生化过程把污染物分解、吸收、转化
二．水体污染现象
1．水体污染物具有多样性，污染现象也不相同，主要污染现象有三种，归纳如下：
类
型
水体富营养化重金属污染海洋石油污染
含义含氮、磷等营养元素的污
染物大量排入水体引起
水质恶化现象
各类重金属（汞、镉、铅、
铬）等进入水体经生物链
逐渐积累，造成人畜伤亡
近海石油的开采、加工和运输过程
中，大量石油流失到海洋中，造成范
围极广的海洋石油污染现象
污
染来源生产和生活污水中所含
有的氮、磷等营养物质
工业生产排放的含重金
属的污水和固体垃圾中
重金属的淋溶
近海石油的开采、加工和运输过程中
的石油泄漏。
其中大型和超大型油轮
事故，经常引发附近海域严重的污染
表现陆地水体：“水花（水华）”
又称“藻花”
海洋水体：“赤潮”
人畜得的各种疾病
海洋上漂浮大量油膜和油块
危害①藻类大量繁殖；②水体
中植物死亡；③鱼类死
亡；④湖泊变为沼泽
危害人畜身体健康①油污染能直接导致海鸟、海兽的
毛、皮丧失防水和保温性能，或因堵
塞呼吸和感觉器官而大量死亡；②油
膜和油块能粘住大量的鱼卵和幼鱼；
③阻碍海藻的光合作用；④底栖动物
则还要受沉降到海底的石油的影响；
⑤石油在氧化分解过程中，大量消耗
溶解氧，也会间接地危害生物。
水体富营养化导致水葫芦疯长：
海洋富营养化导致赤潮：
墨西哥湾石油泄漏：（1）
墨西哥湾石油泄漏：（2）
墨西哥湾石油泄漏：（3）
墨西哥湾石油泄漏：（4）
墨西哥湾石油泄漏：（5）
2．水污染的主要污染源：
3．主要污染物：
课堂小结：
布置作业：。