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艾滋病AIDSPPT课件-优秀医学PPT课件
艾滋病由人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）引起
病原学
• 艾滋病病毒（HIV）是正链单股RNA病毒
–属于逆转录病毒（retrovirus）科
• 慢病毒（lentivirus）属
• HIV分为HIV-1型和HIV-2型
–世界各地的AIDS主要由HIV-1型引起 – HIV-2型仅在西非洲呈地方性流行。
HIV-1
1PI+2NRTIs
抗病毒治疗
• 药物种类
• 药物分类
–逆转录酶抑制剂 »核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂（NRTI） »非核苷类逆转录酶抑制（NNRTI）
–蛋白酶抑制（PI） –膜融合抑制剂 –整合酶抑制剂
• 联合治疗（HAART）
–2 NRTI+1 NNRTI –2 NRTI+1 PI
2020/4/28
69
• 冷藏环境下，HIV可以长期存活
• 消毒剂浓度、作用时间、病毒数量及类型、 有无其它蛋白质杂质等影响灭活效果
下列成分中病毒微量---一般不会传播
• 尿液 • 大便 • 唾液 • 眼泪 • 汗液
2020/4/28
21
HIV in Body Fluids
Blood 18,000
Semen 11,000
预防
• 尚无药物可以彻底清除体内的HIV • 也无疫苗可以预防 • 监测
• 高危人群 • 指导行为干预， • 确定要干预的行为 • 采取正确有效的干预方法 • 普遍防护的意识和观念
预防
• 经性传播
• 洁身自爱、遵守性道德---预防经 性途径传染艾滋病的根本措施
• 提倡安全性行为 • 宣传安全套的正确使用，使感染
• 我国呈上升趋势
• 以异性为主 • 同性有所增加
病原学
• 艾滋病病毒（HIV）是正链单股RNA病毒
–属于逆转录病毒（retrovirus）科
• 慢病毒（lentivirus）属
• HIV分为HIV-1型和HIV-2型
–世界各地的AIDS主要由HIV-1型引起 – HIV-2型仅在西非洲呈地方性流行。
HIV-1
1PI+2NRTIs
抗病毒治疗
• 药物种类
• 药物分类
–逆转录酶抑制剂 »核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂（NRTI） »非核苷类逆转录酶抑制（NNRTI）
–蛋白酶抑制（PI） –膜融合抑制剂 –整合酶抑制剂
• 联合治疗（HAART）
–2 NRTI+1 NNRTI –2 NRTI+1 PI
2020/4/28
69
• 冷藏环境下，HIV可以长期存活
• 消毒剂浓度、作用时间、病毒数量及类型、 有无其它蛋白质杂质等影响灭活效果
下列成分中病毒微量---一般不会传播
• 尿液 • 大便 • 唾液 • 眼泪 • 汗液
2020/4/28
21
HIV in Body Fluids
Blood 18,000
Semen 11,000
预防
• 尚无药物可以彻底清除体内的HIV • 也无疫苗可以预防 • 监测
• 高危人群 • 指导行为干预， • 确定要干预的行为 • 采取正确有效的干预方法 • 普遍防护的意识和观念
预防
• 经性传播
• 洁身自爱、遵守性道德---预防经 性途径传染艾滋病的根本措施
• 提倡安全性行为 • 宣传安全套的正确使用，使感染
• 我国呈上升趋势
• 以异性为主 • 同性有所增加
AIDS 中英双语课件
Epidemiology 传播途径
艾滋病病毒最常见的传播途径是与 受感染者间无防护的性行为。该病毒 可以通过阴道，外阴，阴茎，直肠或 口腔粘膜在性交时进入人体。
Epidemiology
Routes of Transmission
HIV has been found in saliva, tears, nervous system tissue, blood, semen( including pre-seminal fluid), vaginal fluid, and breast milk of patients and carriers. However , only blood ,semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk have been proven to transmit infection to others.
Etiology
HIV是反转录病毒科慢病毒属的一员 ，是直径90-140纳米的球形颗粒，由两 条长约9749纳米的正链单链RNA和包 围在外的蛋白质外壳组成，蛋白质外壳 包括宿主细胞膜和病毒糖蛋白—gp120 和gp41,gp120的是一种外膜糖蛋白， gp41是一种跨膜糖蛋白。
Etiology
Introduction
被诊断患有艾滋病的人可能会 患上危及生命的疾病——机会性 感染，这是由通常不使健康的人 生病的病毒或细菌等微生物引起。
Introduction
AIDS transmit through the following three ways: sexual transmission, blood transmission and mother-to-child transmission. The lymphocyte (CD4+T lymphocyte) is the target and attacked cell of HIV. The function of cellmediated immunity is destroyed and a variety of neoplasms, opportunity infections, and other manifestations threatened lives are usually concomitant in HIV infection.
预防艾滋病主题ppt(英语版)
Symptoms Diagnosis of AIDS
Death
The symptoms of AIDS
Way not infected with HIV
• • • • •
Air； Drinking water, food； The daily work and life； Swimming Pool； Blood sucking insects and mosquitoes, fleas, lice； • A protective care, care of AIDS patients； • Squat toilet and urinal。
Andy Lau - love in the sun
An AIDS patient who cannot afford treatment in hospital 患者没钱上医院治疗
A women with her grandson, whose father died of AIDS, he is HIV positive now. 儿子死于艾滋病， 留下一个孙子也 是艾滋病毒携带者
AIDS virus
艾滋病病毒(HIV)
• The AIDS virus, namely "human immunodeficiency virus", referred to as HIV. • The HIV virus is a human immune system to attack the virus. It is the most important human immune system T4 cells as a target, a large number of phagocytosis, destruction of T4 lymphocytes, thereby destroying the human immune system, the collapse of the immune system, so that the body of various diseases due to the loss of the ability to resist disease and death.
艾滋病图文版英文版
threatens to wipe out an entire generation and leave another without parents. We must not let cultural, racial, or social barriers distract us from the job that must be done. Nor can we let political inefficiency stop us from our task. This is an undeclared war that everyone must sign up for in order for us to win. We simply cannot let people continue to die because we don't feel comfortable talking about AIDS. Everyone must become an educator and learn to live.
Thanks for watching!
It is possible for someone to be diagnosed with AIDS even if they have not developed an opportunistic infection. AIDS can be diagnosed when the number of immune system cells (CD4 cells) in the blood of an HIV positive person drops below a certain level.
2. Sexually transmitted
3.Transmitted through blood.
Thanks for watching!
It is possible for someone to be diagnosed with AIDS even if they have not developed an opportunistic infection. AIDS can be diagnosed when the number of immune system cells (CD4 cells) in the blood of an HIV positive person drops below a certain level.
2. Sexually transmitted
3.Transmitted through blood.
世界艾滋病日 英文ppt
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为提高人们对艾滋病的认识， 世界卫生组织于1988年1月将
每年的12月1日定为世界艾滋
病日，号召世界各国和国际 组织在这一天举办相关活动， 宣传和普及预防艾滋病的知 识。 为提高人们对艾滋病的认识， 世界卫生组织于1988年1月将 每年的12月1日定为世界艾滋 病日，号召世界各国和国际 组织在这一天举办相关活动， 宣传和普及预防艾滋病的知 识。 为提高人们对艾滋病的认识， 世界卫生组织于1988年1月将 每年的12月1日定为世界艾滋 病日，号召世界各国和国际 组织在这一天举办相关活动， 宣传和普及预防艾滋病的知
04
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艾滋病微课(英语版)
World AIDS Day
Date : December 1st.
Historical origin : The concept of AIDS Day originated from the summit meeting of global health ministers on AIDS prevention programs in 1988.
China
China accounts for 3% of new HIV infections globally each year. From January to July 2019, the number of AIDS cases in China was 39,483, and the number of deaths was 11,454; In 2018, there were 64,170 AIDS cases and 18,780 deaths in China.
HIV / AIDS
Group 2
CONTENTS
01
What is HIV / AIDS ?
02
Origin and recognition
03
Pretudes and world AIDS Day
What is HIV / AIDS ?
Long-term cough, chest pain, dyspnea, and blood in sputum in severe cases
3.Skin and mucous membrane damage
Inflammation and ulceration of oral and pharyngeal mucosa, and red or purple rash can be seen in Kaposi's sarcoma on the body surface
AIDS艾滋病英文介绍精品PPT课件
7
Story 3
An Aids orphan's story
Teddy lives in a village in southern Uganda. Her parents died of AIDS-related illnesses when she was 11. She now lives with her three brothers and sisters and helps to look after three other boys whose parents also died of AIDS-related illnesses. “My mother and father died in 1996. My father died in the hospital. But I saw my mother die here. Because I was a bit older than the others, I looked after her. I used to cook food for her, wash her clothes, and boil herbs for her. She told me she was suffering from Aids, but she didn't tell me how she got it or how to avoid it. I wish she'd told me more about it. I'd like to know how it's transmitted.
4
listen to the stories…
Hale Waihona Puke Story 1This is a photo of a 24 year old girl named Leah. Her blank expression hardly masks her fear. Fearing she was exposed to HIV after being gang-raped 15 hours earlier, she stares silently as she waits for a rape exam at the Themba Public Hospital in Mpumalanga. The rape allegedlly occurred December 25, 2001. She does not know yet whether she has been exposed to
Story 3
An Aids orphan's story
Teddy lives in a village in southern Uganda. Her parents died of AIDS-related illnesses when she was 11. She now lives with her three brothers and sisters and helps to look after three other boys whose parents also died of AIDS-related illnesses. “My mother and father died in 1996. My father died in the hospital. But I saw my mother die here. Because I was a bit older than the others, I looked after her. I used to cook food for her, wash her clothes, and boil herbs for her. She told me she was suffering from Aids, but she didn't tell me how she got it or how to avoid it. I wish she'd told me more about it. I'd like to know how it's transmitted.
4
listen to the stories…
Hale Waihona Puke Story 1This is a photo of a 24 year old girl named Leah. Her blank expression hardly masks her fear. Fearing she was exposed to HIV after being gang-raped 15 hours earlier, she stares silently as she waits for a rape exam at the Themba Public Hospital in Mpumalanga. The rape allegedlly occurred December 25, 2001. She does not know yet whether she has been exposed to
大学生健康教育艾滋病防治PPT课件
大学生健康教育艾滋 病防治PPT课件
目录
• 艾滋病概述与流行现状 • 大学生群体中艾滋病风险分析 • 预防策略与措施 • 检测、诊断与治疗手段 • 心理干预与康复支持 • 政策法规与伦理道德问题探讨
01
艾滋病概述与流行现状
艾滋病定义及传播途径
定义
艾滋病（Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome，AIDS）是一 种由人类免疫缺陷病毒（ HIV）引起的严重免疫缺 陷病。
信息获取
大学生获取信息渠道多样，但也可 能接触到不准确或误导性的信息， 影响对艾滋病的认知和预防。
03
预防策略与措施
正确使用安全套
了解安全套的作用
安全套是预防艾滋病病毒（HIV）性传播的有效方 法，能够显著降低感染风险。
选择合适的安全套
根据个人需求和舒适度选择合适材质、尺寸的安 全套，确保使用过程中的安全性。
正确使用安全套
在性行为过程中全程使用安全套，并注意检查安 全套是否破损或滑落，确保防护效果。
拒绝毒品，避免不洁注射
01
认识毒品的危害
毒品不仅对身体和精神健康造成 严重影响，还可能通过不洁注射 等途径传播艾滋病病毒。
02
拒绝毒品诱惑
03
避免不洁注射
坚决抵制毒品的诱惑，不尝试、 不购买、不吸食毒品，远离毒品 危害。
运动康复
根据患者身体状况，制定个性化的运动计划，提高身体素质。
社会支持
鼓励患者加入互助小组，分享经验，减轻孤独感，增强社会归属感。
提高患者生活质量途径
增强自我管理能力
培养患者良好的生活习惯和自我保健意识， 提高生活质量。
提高社会适应能力
鼓励患者积极参与社会活动，增强社交技能 ，提高社会适应能力。
目录
• 艾滋病概述与流行现状 • 大学生群体中艾滋病风险分析 • 预防策略与措施 • 检测、诊断与治疗手段 • 心理干预与康复支持 • 政策法规与伦理道德问题探讨
01
艾滋病概述与流行现状
艾滋病定义及传播途径
定义
艾滋病（Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome，AIDS）是一 种由人类免疫缺陷病毒（ HIV）引起的严重免疫缺 陷病。
信息获取
大学生获取信息渠道多样，但也可 能接触到不准确或误导性的信息， 影响对艾滋病的认知和预防。
03
预防策略与措施
正确使用安全套
了解安全套的作用
安全套是预防艾滋病病毒（HIV）性传播的有效方 法，能够显著降低感染风险。
选择合适的安全套
根据个人需求和舒适度选择合适材质、尺寸的安 全套，确保使用过程中的安全性。
正确使用安全套
在性行为过程中全程使用安全套，并注意检查安 全套是否破损或滑落，确保防护效果。
拒绝毒品，避免不洁注射
01
认识毒品的危害
毒品不仅对身体和精神健康造成 严重影响，还可能通过不洁注射 等途径传播艾滋病病毒。
02
拒绝毒品诱惑
03
避免不洁注射
坚决抵制毒品的诱惑，不尝试、 不购买、不吸食毒品，远离毒品 危害。
运动康复
根据患者身体状况，制定个性化的运动计划，提高身体素质。
社会支持
鼓励患者加入互助小组，分享经验，减轻孤独感，增强社会归属感。
提高患者生活质量途径
增强自我管理能力
培养患者良好的生活习惯和自我保健意识， 提高生活质量。
提高社会适应能力
鼓励患者积极参与社会活动，增强社交技能 ，提高社会适应能力。
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AIDS
Department of Infectious Diseases， The Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing
medical University liwei
Summary
AIDS = Acquired ImmunoDeficiency Syndrome
HIV = Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Plasma laboratory marker
diagnosis
two criteria must be met. 1、Positive test for HIV infection by confirmatory test 2、 one of the following criteria
Most of people are susceptible to HIV
The change has made the virus spreading from drug users and sex workers to general population.
pathogenesis
HIV can infect those cells that express CD4 on the surface. During the cycle of HIV life, CD4+ T cells have been directly and indirectly damaged
Respiratory manifestations
Recurrent respiratory tract infections Pneumocystis pneumonia Tuberculosis MAC fungus
Neurological and ocular manifestations
CD4+ cell Count
1000
900
Asymptomatic
800
CD4+ T cells
700 Acute HIV
600 infection
syndrome
500
TB HZV
400
Relative level of
OHL
300
Plasma HIV-RNA
OC
200
100
0
01 2 3 4 5 10 M11onths
Etiology
HIV病毒模式图
the structure of HIV
包膜蛋白 跨膜蛋白 外膜 P17蛋白 核心蛋白 蛋白酶 逆转录酶
Epidemiology
As of 2012, approximately 35.3 million people are living with HIV globally.
PPE PCP
CMV,
CM MAC
1 2 34 5 6 7 8 9 Years After HIV Infection
Manifestations at last period
AIDS-related syndrome Respiratory manifestations Neurological and ocular manifestations Gastrointestinal manifestations Other systematic manifestations
HIV LIFE CYCLE
HIV 生长周期
HIV can damage those cells that express CD4 on the surface
CD4+ T cells CD8+ T cells B cells Langerhans cells monocytes/macrophages follicular dendritic cells
Route of transmission
Sexual contact（the predominant mode） homosex heterosex
Blood to blood contact Vertical transmission others
同之恋 毒之祸 血之灾
susceptible population
AIDS ,which features a progressive depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes, leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections, was first recognized in 1981 in the united states。
Clinical Manifestations
Period of latent infection：2 ～ 10years
Ⅰstage: primary infection Ⅱstage: asymptomatic infection Ⅲ stage: AIDS
Common Natural Course of HIV Infection Complications
Thrush hairy leukoplakia
Thrush
Hairy leukoplakia
Other
Kaposi sarcoma Lymphoma
Shingles
Kaposi’s sarcoma
Shingles
laboratory examinations
Serology plasma HIV viral load Immunologic laboratory tests
cryptococcal meningitis tubercular meningitis toxoplasmic encephalitis HIV encephalopathy CMV Retinitis
Toxoplasmic encephalitis
Gastrointestinal ds
Blood 18,000
Semen 11,000
Vaginal fluid 7,000
Amniotic fluid 4,000
Saliva 1
There are different amounts of HIV in various bodily fluids
Department of Infectious Diseases， The Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing
medical University liwei
Summary
AIDS = Acquired ImmunoDeficiency Syndrome
HIV = Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Plasma laboratory marker
diagnosis
two criteria must be met. 1、Positive test for HIV infection by confirmatory test 2、 one of the following criteria
Most of people are susceptible to HIV
The change has made the virus spreading from drug users and sex workers to general population.
pathogenesis
HIV can infect those cells that express CD4 on the surface. During the cycle of HIV life, CD4+ T cells have been directly and indirectly damaged
Respiratory manifestations
Recurrent respiratory tract infections Pneumocystis pneumonia Tuberculosis MAC fungus
Neurological and ocular manifestations
CD4+ cell Count
1000
900
Asymptomatic
800
CD4+ T cells
700 Acute HIV
600 infection
syndrome
500
TB HZV
400
Relative level of
OHL
300
Plasma HIV-RNA
OC
200
100
0
01 2 3 4 5 10 M11onths
Etiology
HIV病毒模式图
the structure of HIV
包膜蛋白 跨膜蛋白 外膜 P17蛋白 核心蛋白 蛋白酶 逆转录酶
Epidemiology
As of 2012, approximately 35.3 million people are living with HIV globally.
PPE PCP
CMV,
CM MAC
1 2 34 5 6 7 8 9 Years After HIV Infection
Manifestations at last period
AIDS-related syndrome Respiratory manifestations Neurological and ocular manifestations Gastrointestinal manifestations Other systematic manifestations
HIV LIFE CYCLE
HIV 生长周期
HIV can damage those cells that express CD4 on the surface
CD4+ T cells CD8+ T cells B cells Langerhans cells monocytes/macrophages follicular dendritic cells
Route of transmission
Sexual contact（the predominant mode） homosex heterosex
Blood to blood contact Vertical transmission others
同之恋 毒之祸 血之灾
susceptible population
AIDS ,which features a progressive depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes, leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections, was first recognized in 1981 in the united states。
Clinical Manifestations
Period of latent infection：2 ～ 10years
Ⅰstage: primary infection Ⅱstage: asymptomatic infection Ⅲ stage: AIDS
Common Natural Course of HIV Infection Complications
Thrush hairy leukoplakia
Thrush
Hairy leukoplakia
Other
Kaposi sarcoma Lymphoma
Shingles
Kaposi’s sarcoma
Shingles
laboratory examinations
Serology plasma HIV viral load Immunologic laboratory tests
cryptococcal meningitis tubercular meningitis toxoplasmic encephalitis HIV encephalopathy CMV Retinitis
Toxoplasmic encephalitis
Gastrointestinal ds
Blood 18,000
Semen 11,000
Vaginal fluid 7,000
Amniotic fluid 4,000
Saliva 1
There are different amounts of HIV in various bodily fluids