Irish Flute爱尔兰长笛

IRISH FLUTE FOR THE CLASSICAL FLUTISTAtlanta Flute Club, April 15, 2006Andra BohnetI. Irish Flute is a STYLE not an instrument!!!!A. It can be played successfully on the silver Boehm flute, but with a differentapproach than classical techniqueB. Playing a wooden flute with classical sensibilities will NOT make you sound Irish II. The Irish style is learned primarily through listening to and imitating other playersA. No universally accepted system exists for notation of the nuances of the styleB. No definitive source exists for standard versions of the repertoireIII.Basic FormsA. Jig - 6/8, fastB. Reel - duple, cut time, fastC. Hornpipe - 4/4, swing feel, moderateD. Most traditional dance tunes have two sections, each repeatedE. Other Dances: Slip Jig - 9/8, fast; Polka - 2/4, very fast; Waltz - 3/4F. Slow Air - free rhythm, highly expressive, modeled after singersIV. Characteristics of Irish Flute Technique in Dance MusicA. Dark, reedy sound with no vibrato!!!!!B. Minimal tonguing, especially avoided on strong beatsC. Abrupt, rhythmic releases, no tapersD. Rhythm is all important, don’t lose time to breatheE. Finger articulation (ornaments)F. On the Boehm flute1. Use middle finger F#, it simplifies ornamentation2. Keep fingers very close to the keys to avoid mechanism noise3. Trill keys are extremely useful in ornamentationV. Basic OrnamentsA. Cut - grace from above, accomplished by cracking a finger (or key) at least onehole above the one sounding the note to articulate the note, on the beatB. Tap or Strike - grace from below, accomplished by tapping finger directly belowthe one sounding the note, on the beatC. Roll - a rhythmic combination of a cut and a tap, often divides a note into thirdsD. Slide - gradually moving a finger (or fingers) off of the holes (or keys) to create aglissando between pitchesE. Finger vibrato - rapid opening/closing of the hole (or key) below the one opened tosound the noteVI. Other Useful TidbitsA. Most Irish music is the in the keys of D and G and their relative minors, but Aminor and A mixolydian are also commonB. The key of Irish flutes and whistles is the note sounded when all six finger holesare closed, thus a D flute or whistle plays in concert pitchC. Traditional Irish flute playing stays in the bottom two octaves!!!D. Typically a group af musicians who gather together to play tunes and socialize,often in a pubE. Generally there is a leader who is in charge of the situation, even if it appears to bequite informalF. Each ongoing session will have it’s own unique repertoire of tunes, but muchcommonality exists among Irish musiciansG. Some sessions are labeled “slow” and are accommodating to beginners or playersnew to the idiomVII. Session EtiquetteA. No sheet music, players are expected to know the tunes by memory/learn by earB. Defer to the leader(s) and observe the “pecking order” of the other playersC. If you don’t know the tune, play air flute while you’re trying to learn itD. Above all be rhythmic!!! Wrong notes, or even the wrong tune, will be forgiven ifit fits into the rhythmic grooveE. If you are asked/invited to start a tune, make sure you know its name and can playit all the way through with impeccable rhythmF. Don’t record unless you ask permissionG. One whistle player at a time, please!!!!VIII. Getting StartedA. Listen, listen, listen and listen some more to great players!!!!B. Buy or borrow a LOT of CDs and listen to them obsessively to assimilate thenuances of the style. Imitate what you hear. You can learn a lot from players ofother instruments, too!C. Commit to learning and memorizing some of your favorite tunes.D. Play along with your CDsE. Find other musicians in your area interested in Irish music (any instruments) andget together with themF. Convince a friend to learn to do this with you; it’s a lot more fun!IX. Great Players of the Irish Flute - some of my favoritesA. Traditional: Matt Molloy, Kevin Crawford, John Skelton, Cathal McConnell, NoelRice, Joanie Madden, Laurence Nugent, Grey Larsen, Catherine McEvoy, JuneMcCormick, Frankie KennedyB. Progressive: Brian Finnegan, Skip Healy, Nuala Kennedy, Jean-Michael Veillon,Michael McGoldrick, Sylvain BarouC. Chris Norman: one of the finest flute players/musicians on the planet!!!D. Great bands: Lunasa, Flook, Solas, Danu, Altan (earlier CDs have flute),Chieftains, Baal Tinne, Cherish the Ladies, Mithril ;-)X. Instrument OptionsA. Boehm Flute - cylindrical bore, widely available, excellent intonation, encountersprejudice by some hardcore traditional Irish musiciansB. Simple System Flute - conical bore, vary widely in quality and intonation, keylessmodels more affordable, instruments from some makers long wait especially forkeyed flutes, difficult to try/compare before purchase, finger stretch can be anissue, wood allergies and instrument cracking possible, fingers like a whistleC. Wooden Flute Obsession, 2 CD set, amazing performances by a variety of players1. /WFO_CD.htm2. Also a volume 2, I like Vol. 1 better, Vol. 3 coming soonD. Grey Larsen: The Essential Guide to Irish Flute and Tin Whistle, pub. Mel Bay1. Comes with 2 CDs of examples2. 470+ page tome, anal retentive for classical types3. Very detailed, but if you were left on a desert island with this book, a CDplayer and a flute, you could learn to do itE. - hundreds of tunes, listings of sessions, discussion groups XI. Other StuffA. Workshops/Classes1. Boxwood Flute Festival - , held last week in July inLunenburg, Nova Scotia by Chris Norman, other faculty varies, but alwaysincludes Irish flute players2. Wind on the Bay - , held first weekend of Octoberin Providence, RI, by Skip Healy, excellent faculty3. Swannanoa Gathering - , Asheville, NC, held mid-July by John Skelton4. Many others in U.S. and IrelandB. - internet community/listserv with an emphasis on, but notexclusively devoted to, Irish flute playingC. The Amazing Slowdowner - , software which will slow downCDs and mp3 files at pitch, great for learning tunesXII. FlutemakersA. If you’re reading this, you already own at least one flute; use it to play Irish music!B. Wooden Irish style flutes - some of these makers have lengthy waiting lists1. Skip Healy - , check out “Skip’s Tips” mini-lessons2. Terry McGee - , great info on this site3. Rod Cameron - 707.937.0412, beautiful historical reproductions4. Patrick Olwell - 434.277.9215, the longest wait time, up to 15 years5. Peter Noy - 6. Hammy Hamilton - 7. Casey Burns - 8. Desi Seery - /Seery, polymer keyless flutes9. Tony Dixon - , polymer flutes10. Ralph Sweet - , many models, vary widely inquality, inexpensive entry level simple system flutes11. Avoid internet specials made in Pakistan, non-Western tuning, ouch!!!!! Contact Information: (I’d love to hear from you!)Andra Bohnet: andrabohnet@Professor of Flute: University of South Alabama, 251.460.6696Mithril Celtic Band: – Silverwood Quartet: Principal Flute, Mobile Symphony Orchestra: © 2006 Andra Bohnet。