TRANSLATION 4
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汉英翻译4
Situations Suitable for Literal Translation
b. Though the expressions in two languages are different, we can find the equivalents in the tone of the both languages. 1. Partly as a result of the recently increasing demand, wholesale tea prices have almost doubled. 部分由于日益增长的需求， 批发茶价几乎翻了一翻。 2. I read this letter with both surprise and excitement, surprise because he is still around, excitement because he didn’t even forget me. 我读到他的信时即惊又喜， 惊的是他还健在， 喜的是 他一直没有忘记我。
Translation Methods
Teaching Contents
• • • • • • • I. Discussion of the assignment II. Translation methods 1. Literal translation 2. Free translation III. Consolidation IV. Summary V. Assignment
Literal Translation
For examples: crocodile’s tears 鳄鱼的眼泪 武装到牙齿 armed to the teeth 连锁反应 chain reaction 君子协定 gentlemen’s agreement paper tiger 纸老虎 一国两制 one country, two systems
实用英汉互译教程4 Basic Translation Skill Conversion
2. 介词转译成动词（prep.---v.）
英语中介词的使用频率相对于汉语来说要高得多 。实际上英语中很多介词在语境中可带有明显的 动作意味，例如“across, against, past, toward, through, with”等。因此在翻译的过程中为了汉语 表达的通顺流畅，可以根据具体情况将一些介词 转译为动词。
4. 副词转译为动词（adv.---v.） 英语中，副词常常用来修饰动词作状语，这样使 得副词具有了动作意味。所以，副词也可以转换 为汉语的动词来翻译。 We started home. 我们启程踏上归途。 The train will be in in ten minutes. 火车十分钟后会到达。
2. 介词转译成动词（prep.---v.）
“Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the verandah(凉台), and into the porch(门廊).
“来啦！”她转身蹦跳着越过草地，跑上小径，跨 上台阶，house with the money. 他用那笔钱买了一栋房子。 Both the police and the murderer are after him. 警察和凶手都在找他。 He was finally on his feet again. 他终于又站了起来。 Are you for or against the proposal? 你赞成还是反对这项提案？
be flooded with people 战争前夕，这个火车站被逃难者所淹没。 Before the war, the train state was flooded with refugees. be all packed 体育馆被塞得满满当当。 The stadium was packed with so many people. The stadium is all packed.
英汉互译-语义翻译-直译意译
7
JRJ7
Free translation
英汉互译
Free translation, also known as sense-for-sense translation, emphasizes transfer of the meaning or "spirit" of a source text over accurate reproduction of the original wording.
5
JRJ5
Literal translation
英汉互译
For example, an inflected word in an agglutinative source language can almost never be replaced with a single word in an isolative target language, and, even when literally possible, the result is often unreadable.
6
JRJ6
Literal translation
英汉互译
Hence most so-called literal translations are in fact compromises with the ideal: looser renditions that replace individual source language words with individual target language words wherever possible, and cling as closely as possible to the source language word order in the target language (Baker 2001: 125).
新思路大学英语读写译教程第四册(第二版) U-8 Text A Exercise
3 Shortcut
Comprehension
Vocabulary
Translation
Writing
Book 4
Comprehension
Unit 8 Evolution ＆ Environmental Protection Text A
2 Which of the following elements is not owned by this answer
C. Establishing factories in other countries.
D. Sharing its own methods to environmentally and culturally
sustainable development.
6 Shortcut
Comprehension
Shangri-La?
A. Pine forests.
B. Tropical rivers.
C. Spectacular wetlands. D. Mountains.
3. What consequences would not be caused if China answer
took the wrong way to develop her economy?
1. Why has this western China countryside near the bordeanrswer with Burma renamed itself Shangri- La?
To attract more tourists.
2.What is the dilemma that China faces when dealing answer with development of factories with serious pollution?
商务英语翻译 Unit 4
- 殖民主义者的性格既残暴，又狡猾。
对于英语中以实喻虚的形象表现手法，翻译时应想方设法维系原 文的具体性及形象性，一个常用的手段即是从“实”到“实”，将英 语的以实喻虚译成汉语的以实喻虚。 The magic spades of archaeology have given us the whole lost world of Egypt. - 考古学家变魔术似地把古埃及的整个世界都给我们发掘出来了。 - 考古学家用神奇的铁铲把古埃及的整个世界都给我们发掘出来了。
Sam knows he can depend on his family, rain or shine. - 山姆知道不论境遇如何，他都可把家庭作为靠山。
There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of the colonialists.
The newspaper claims to be the mirror of public opinions. -该报宣称忠实反映了公众的意见。
What is learned in the cradle is carried to the grave. - 少时所学，到老不忘。 How do we account for this split between the critics and the readers, the head and the heart? - 评论家和读者之间，也就是理智和感情之间的这种分歧如何解释呢？
２．用范畴词使抽象概念具体化。 What they wanted most was an end of uncertainties. - 那时他们最渴望的就是结束这摇摆不定的局面。 We want to learn to laugh in the face of the inevitable, to smile at the looming of the death. - 我们需要学会对不可避免的事情报以大笑，甚至以微笑面对死亡的 威胁。
对于英语中以实喻虚的形象表现手法，翻译时应想方设法维系原 文的具体性及形象性，一个常用的手段即是从“实”到“实”，将英 语的以实喻虚译成汉语的以实喻虚。 The magic spades of archaeology have given us the whole lost world of Egypt. - 考古学家变魔术似地把古埃及的整个世界都给我们发掘出来了。 - 考古学家用神奇的铁铲把古埃及的整个世界都给我们发掘出来了。
Sam knows he can depend on his family, rain or shine. - 山姆知道不论境遇如何，他都可把家庭作为靠山。
There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of the colonialists.
The newspaper claims to be the mirror of public opinions. -该报宣称忠实反映了公众的意见。
What is learned in the cradle is carried to the grave. - 少时所学，到老不忘。 How do we account for this split between the critics and the readers, the head and the heart? - 评论家和读者之间，也就是理智和感情之间的这种分歧如何解释呢？
２．用范畴词使抽象概念具体化。 What they wanted most was an end of uncertainties. - 那时他们最渴望的就是结束这摇摆不定的局面。 We want to learn to laugh in the face of the inevitable, to smile at the looming of the death. - 我们需要学会对不可避免的事情报以大笑，甚至以微笑面对死亡的 威胁。
2014英语二text4译文
2014英语二text4译文
2014 English II Text 4 Translation:
这是一篇关于全球变暖的文章。
全球变暖是一个严重的问题，它对我们的地球和生态系统造成了巨大的影响。
科学家们已经证实，全球变暖是由人类活动引起的，特别是由于排放大量温室气体导致的。
这些温室气体包括二氧化碳、甲烷和氟利昂等。
它们在大气中形成了一个保温层，导致地球温度升高。
全球变暖导致了许多问题，包括冰川融化、海平面上升、极端天气事件增多等。
这些问题对我们的生活和环境都带来了严重的影响。
因此，我们需要采取行动来减少温室气体的排放，保护我们的地球和生态系统。
政府、企业和个人都应该共同努力，采取可持续发展的方式来解决全球变暖问题。
翻译技巧4 措词、具体化、词类转换
translationtechniques4?diction选词措词?specification具体化?turningtheabbreviationintoitscompleteform缩略语复原?conversion词类转换?voiceshifting语态转换?negation正反译?generalization概括化diction选词措词注意用词的准确性和多样性符合英汉语的表达习惯repetition重复?重复是汉语表达的一个显著特点目的是为了进一步加强语气或者是强调某些内容以达到更好的修辞效果
• 在西南地区广西、贵州、湖南、四川等省份，“吊脚楼”是 山乡少数民族如苗、侗、壮、布依、土家族等的传统民居样 式。尤其在黔东南，苗族、侗族的吊脚楼极为常见。这里的 自然条件号称“天无三日情，地无三里平”，于是山区先民 创造出了独特的“吊脚楼”。 • 吊脚楼依山而建，用当地盛产的杉木，搭建成两层楼的木构 架，柱子因坡就势长短不一地架立在坡上。房屋的下层不设 隔墙，里面作为猪、牛的畜棚或者堆放农具和杂物；上层住 人，分客堂和卧室，四周向外伸出挑廊，可供主人在廊里做 活和休息。廊柱大多不是落地的（便于廊下面的通行无碍）， 起支撑作用的主要是楼板层挑出的若干横梁，廊柱辅助支撑， 使挑廊稳固地悬吊在半空，这种住宅因其外形和结构特点被 称为“吊脚楼”。吊脚楼的优点明显，人住楼上通风防潮， 又可防止野兽和毒蛇的侵害，这种住宅在西南山区至今仍有 建造。
• When a common word is turned into a proper noun, the meaning is narrowed accordingly such as the City, which means the “business centre of London”, the Peninsula, which refers to the “Iberian Peninsula”, and the Prophet, which stands for “Mohammed”.
• 在西南地区广西、贵州、湖南、四川等省份，“吊脚楼”是 山乡少数民族如苗、侗、壮、布依、土家族等的传统民居样 式。尤其在黔东南，苗族、侗族的吊脚楼极为常见。这里的 自然条件号称“天无三日情，地无三里平”，于是山区先民 创造出了独特的“吊脚楼”。 • 吊脚楼依山而建，用当地盛产的杉木，搭建成两层楼的木构 架，柱子因坡就势长短不一地架立在坡上。房屋的下层不设 隔墙，里面作为猪、牛的畜棚或者堆放农具和杂物；上层住 人，分客堂和卧室，四周向外伸出挑廊，可供主人在廊里做 活和休息。廊柱大多不是落地的（便于廊下面的通行无碍）， 起支撑作用的主要是楼板层挑出的若干横梁，廊柱辅助支撑， 使挑廊稳固地悬吊在半空，这种住宅因其外形和结构特点被 称为“吊脚楼”。吊脚楼的优点明显，人住楼上通风防潮， 又可防止野兽和毒蛇的侵害，这种住宅在西南山区至今仍有 建造。
• When a common word is turned into a proper noun, the meaning is narrowed accordingly such as the City, which means the “business centre of London”, the Peninsula, which refers to the “Iberian Peninsula”, and the Prophet, which stands for “Mohammed”.
新四级翻译之--合并译法使字句
• 前两句说得比较笼统，后三句说明了具体的措施和做法， 英语句子体现具体信息的部分往往可以利用分词结构表达。
• We must seize new opportunities and meet new challenges， opening ourselves wider to the outside world more actively, and taking more effective measures to expand foreign trade and absorb more foreign funds.
• 汉译英时，往往必须先找出主谓框架树起主干， 然后将各种关系词、短语（介词短语、名词短 语）、附加成分（同位语、插入语）、分词结构、 从句（定语从句、状语从句、同位语从句）等添 加到主干，使树木枝繁叶茂。翻译汉语的多个分 句时，注意分析各个分句之间的逻辑关系，确定 好主从关系，采用恰当的方式进行连接。
10/2/2019
3 分合并举
• 翻译是一项综合思维活动，因此，翻译方法的采用也
往往不是单一的，而是几种方法同时并用，相辅相成。分 合并举，就是如此。
1.Confucius was a believer in moral action and in what we today call human development. He advocated the establishment of harmony within the social order. • 孔夫子信仰道德行为，信仰我们今天所说的人的发展，提 倡在社会秩序内建立和谐。
• 3) Thanks to telecommunications, our work and life have changed unprecedentedly .(介词 短语)
• We must seize new opportunities and meet new challenges， opening ourselves wider to the outside world more actively, and taking more effective measures to expand foreign trade and absorb more foreign funds.
• 汉译英时，往往必须先找出主谓框架树起主干， 然后将各种关系词、短语（介词短语、名词短 语）、附加成分（同位语、插入语）、分词结构、 从句（定语从句、状语从句、同位语从句）等添 加到主干，使树木枝繁叶茂。翻译汉语的多个分 句时，注意分析各个分句之间的逻辑关系，确定 好主从关系，采用恰当的方式进行连接。
10/2/2019
3 分合并举
• 翻译是一项综合思维活动，因此，翻译方法的采用也
往往不是单一的，而是几种方法同时并用，相辅相成。分 合并举，就是如此。
1.Confucius was a believer in moral action and in what we today call human development. He advocated the establishment of harmony within the social order. • 孔夫子信仰道德行为，信仰我们今天所说的人的发展，提 倡在社会秩序内建立和谐。
• 3) Thanks to telecommunications, our work and life have changed unprecedentedly .(介词 短语)