Standard Work - Creating the Documents_v5.3
精益 六西格玛 标准化工作 Standard Work
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Why Standardized Work ?为什么要标准化工作？
Eliminate Waste. 消除浪费
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DMA I C
Lean6Sigma Phases精益六西格玛的阶段
This module is most applicable to the DMAIC phases of
改进阶段
ANALYZE and IMPROVE这个模块最适合DMAIC的分析和
Define
Control
Measure
Improve
Heijunka
均衡化
Standardized Work
标准化工作
Stability稳定性
Kaizen
改善
The Toyota Production System
丰田生5 产系统
What is Standardized Work ?什么是标准化工作？
DMA I C
An effective and orderly method of producing without waste. 一个没有浪 费,并且是有效和有序的生产方法
目标：最高的质量，最低的成本，最短的交货期
Just-in-Time
准时生产
Jidoka
DMA I C
Continuous Flow连续流
Takt Time
节拍时间
Pull System
拉动系统
Stop and notify of abnormalities停止、通报变异
Separate man’s work and machine’s work 人机工作分离
DMA I C
1. What is the takt time at the pacemaker？什么是节拍点的节拍时间Can the equipment support takt time?设备是否能支持节拍时间？
StandardWork标准作业
Standard Work
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Standard Work Component 2: Work Sequence 要件2：工作次序
Work Sequence refers to the series of steps in a single process that complete that task efficiently, safely and with acceptable quality. When the work sequence is followed the chance of a major problems or defect is minimized 单个流程中的一系列工作步骤. 高效,安全,品质合格.重大问题 和缺失降到最低.
Standard Work
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Four Tools (Forms) to Develop Standard Work 4种工具报表
Job Analysis Sheet 工作分析表: 分析各工作元素 的循环时间 Production Capacity Sheet 产能分析表: 确定机台产能 Work Combination Table人 机分析表: 图示操作时间，分 析工作顺序 Standard Work Sheet: shows the workstation layout and provides visual representations of all safety procedures and quality checks 标准化作业书: 显示工作站的布 局并提供安全和品质的目视管 理
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Standardized Work (SW)标准化作业
Standardized Work: a precise description of each work activity specifying cycle time, takt time, safety requirements, the work sequence and the minimum inventory on hand needed to conduct the activity 标准化作业:.将一个作业的周期时间，节拍时间，特定工作的作业顺序，以及 实施该作业应该持有的最低库存量，予以明确的描述，即标准化。 Standard work is also 标准化作业也是: • a tool for making quality products 生产合格产品的工具 • a tool to increase the level of safety 提高安全水平的工具 • an effective sequence of job elements 高效的工作次序 Standardized work sets the foundation for improvement. To apply lean tools, we must first know what we‟re doing now – the state of current processes. 标准化作业是改善的基础。在运用LEAN工具进行改善前，我们先要了解现行流 程的状况。
标准版 英文
标准版英文As a Baidu Wenku document creator, I would like to introduce the Standard Edition of Baidu Wenku in English.The Standard Edition of Baidu Wenku is a powerful tool for creating, editing, and sharing documents online. It offers a wide range of features and benefits that make it an ideal choice for individuals and businesses alike.One of the key features of the Standard Edition is its user-friendly interface. The interface is intuitive and easy to navigate, making it simple for users to create and edit documents. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced document creator, you will find the Standard Edition easy to use and highly efficient.In addition to its user-friendly interface, the Standard Edition of Baidu Wenku also offers a range of powerful editing tools. These tools allow users to format text, add images, and create tables with ease. The Standard Edition also supports collaborative editing, allowing multiple users to work on the same document simultaneously. This feature is particularly useful for businesses and teams who need to collaborate on documents in real-time.Another key benefit of the Standard Edition is its seamless integration with other Baidu products. Users can easily import and export documents from Baidu Wenku, making it simple to incorporate their work into other Baidu applications. This integration makes it easy for users to access and share their documents across different platforms, increasing productivity and efficiency.Furthermore, the Standard Edition of Baidu Wenku offers a range of sharing options. Users can choose to share their documents publicly or privately, and can also control who has access to their documents. This makes it simple to collaborate with others while maintaining control over the security and privacy of your documents.Overall, the Standard Edition of Baidu Wenku is a powerful and versatile tool for creating, editing, and sharing documents online. Its user-friendly interface, powerfulediting tools, seamless integration with other Baidu products, and range of sharing options make it an ideal choice for individuals and businesses looking to create high-quality documents. Whether you are a student, professional, or business owner, the Standard Edition of Baidu Wenku has everything you need to create and share documents with ease.。
工作标准流程 英文
工作标准流程英文The standard workflow for a job can vary depending on the industry and specific job role. However, I will provide a general outline of a typical work standard process in English:1. Job Assignment: The process begins with the assignment of tasks or projects to the employee by the supervisor or manager. This may involve discussing the objectives, requirements, and deadlines of the job.2. Planning and Preparation: The employee then plans and prepares for the assigned work. This may include conducting research, gathering necessary resources, and creating a detailed plan or outline.3. Execution: Once the planning phase is complete, the employee proceeds with the execution of the assigned tasks. This involves actively working on the job, following the established procedures, and applying relevant skills andknowledge.4. Communication and Collaboration: Throughout the work process, effective communication and collaboration with colleagues, team members, or clients are essential. This may involve regular meetings, progress updates, and seeking feedback or clarification when needed.5. Quality Control: As the work progresses, it is important to ensure quality control. This includes reviewing and checking the work for accuracy, completeness, and adherence to standards or guidelines.6. Problem-solving: Inevitably, challenges or obstacles may arise during the work process. Problem-solving skills are crucial in identifying and resolving issues effectively and efficiently. This may involve seeking assistance or guidance from supervisors or colleagues.7. Documentation: Keeping accurate records and documentation of the work process is important for future reference and evaluation. This may include maintainingproject files, updating databases, or creating reports.8. Review and Evaluation: Once the work is completed, a review and evaluation process may take place. This could involve self-assessment, peer review, or feedback from supervisors. The purpose is to identify strengths, areasfor improvement, and lessons learned for future projects.9. Finalization and Submission: After any necessary revisions or adjustments based on the evaluation, the final work is prepared for submission, whether it is a report, presentation, or any other deliverable.10. Follow-up: Depending on the nature of the job,there may be a follow-up process after the submission. This could include addressing any further questions or feedback, implementing recommendations, or initiating the next phaseof the project.It is important to note that this is a general overview, and the specific workflow may vary based on the nature of the job and the organization's procedures.。
4. Standard Work
House of Lean
Continuous Improvement
Pull/Kanban
Kaizen
TPM
Flow
Quality at Source
SMED
Cell Design
Waste Elimination
Visual
Flexibility
5 "S" System
Why focus on Human instead of Equipment ? 为何关注人而不是设备？
• Equipment is a sunk cost; it depreciates over time, wears out / becomes obsolete.
• The Operator is an ongoing resource that should appreciate over time. Gains skill and knowledge.
Sold Units
Time
Time Available Sold Units
Recognizes productive time available for making product
Reinforces the concept of making only what is needed; no overproduction, driven by demand
R原料
5
4
3
21
6
7
8
9 10
F成品
Operator and part follow same sequence 操作人员与零件依循相同的顺序
Work Sequence 作业顺序
LeaderStandardWork：领导者标准工作
Business LeanersStandard Work Leader•When embarking on a Lean deployment there is going to to be changes made.need •Processes will change, the working environment will change importantly changeand most people will need to change.•People will be asked to behave in a different manner, they have to act and react differently will differently.•Leaders from within the business need to accept this and peopledevelop themselves as well as their people.•Ultimately Lean and Lean management needs to become “the we work”way work in the business, with Lean management replacing traditional management, not running alongside it.•whole Initially though it can feel like there is a lot more work involved with the Lean introduction, and Leaders can very feel snowed under.soon •Leader standard work is a means by which leaders can be period and encouraged supported through this and beyond to make the changes necessary.Content of this presentation•Why have Leader standard work•To explain what leader standard work is•How to establish the content of leader standard work •What does Leader standard work look like?•How to use leader standard workA di i l d d d k•Auditing leader standard workworkWhy have Leader standard•Effective leadership is fundamental to business success –It is too important to be left to chancep •Leader standard work establishes the agreed minimum tasks eade sta da d o estab s es t e ag eed u tas s which must be completed in order to fulfill the role•It highlights when there is a deviation from the agreed standard•It provides a forum for a leader to coach and support their p pp direct reports•Prevents overburden.•As with all standards, leader standard work is visibility of what is right and offers us an opportunity to challenge the situation when things are not.•Leader standard work establishes a routine for leaders to achieve.•Represents the minimum tasks to complete to be effective in the role.o e•A tool to encourage good time management.g g g•In order to realise the value in Leader standard work they must be the created in collaboration with standard work owner and their immediate superior.•The leader standard work will only deliver value if it is used.•It will only be used if the owners superior is challenging it on a regular basis.egu a bas s•Therefore the tasks displayed must be held as high priority to the p y g p y more senior person, encouraging the desire to check regularly on the adherance to it.standard work1.Individually record times & tasks for what the Leader did for a designated time period.h l d k f l 2.Agree with your leader Minimum tasks for target group or role e.g1.Process Confirmation –audits2Att d f ti d i2.Attendance of meetings and reviews3.Go Look See –Presence at the shop floor / waste walksstandard work4.Agree on times for minimum tasks5.Align with other areas, business units for times of key tasks for each role. Eg, all Managers do audits in their area between 8 & 9am 6i l &l i i i i l h h d li6.Trial constantly review. It is critical that the document stay live and relevantWhat does Leader standard work looklike ?•There are a few considerations to make when creating your Leader standard work.1.Which format ‐There are different formats for leader standard work such as kamishibai boards with a T card system for each action, and simple paper formats.y ,p p p 2.Who is the standard work for ‐generally the timeline on the standard work will h d di th l l f i it f th M i l l h change depending on the level of seniority of the owner. More senior people may only have days listed whereas a supervisor may have every minute of each day mapped out in more detail.3.Where will it be displayed ‐This needs to be as visible a place as possible. Office doors are good or even somewhere in the work area to encourage the leaders into the Gemba.like ?•For this presentation I will use paper examplesHigh Level Leader Standard WorkLeader Standard Work for Pillar TaskLeader Standard Work forlike ?•For this presentation I will use paper examplesLess Senior Level Leader Standard WorkLeader Standard work for MondayTuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday06:00 t o06:30Leader Standard work for -How to use Leader standard worky yOnce you have finalised your initial leader standard work and displayed it in a prominent place you need to begin using it.As the day progresses colour tasks appropriately :Green if completedRed if not completedbalanceFind between planned and unplanned time.A completely filled out leader standard work leaves no room for the unplanned events that deal day. theleaders with every day Ensure content consists of only core tasks. Unplanned time can then be utilised to catch back missed core tasks or unforseen, non‐corestandard work complianceAuditing leaderLeaders must audit standard work compliance of direct reports.Auditing:Checks the percentage of core tasks completedfor evidence Looks supporting to verify task completed to standard.Sets expectations of standardsFacilitates coaching and support.If standards are not confirmed they will not be followed.What gets measured gets done g gHealth & SafetyEnvironment& CommunityPeople Profit ProcessThis identifies an individual’s and organisation’s developmentalneeds.Summary•LSW focus’ leaders on the ‘right processes’ which will deliver ‘right results’the right results aligned to the individual and business objectives •Tasks are •Include agreed core tasks only•They are visual•They facilitate coaching between leader and subordinate。
06-Standard Work
标准化作业的目的之二: 制造出100%合格的产品
POKAYOKE
Errors
差错预防（防错技术）
为了在生产工序中 生产出100％的合 格品，通过对工装、 夹具的改善，防止 产生不良品于未然 的措施。
Can be made by: 1. a person 2. a machine 3. a process
某德国公司作业指导书（SOP)讲解
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标准作业的制定顺序
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 动作分析和时间观测 制作工序能力表 制作标准作业组合票 制作标准作业票
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第一步: 动作分析和观测时间
作业时间测定、归纳方法：
*决定作业项目并记入观测表。 *确定观测位置和观测点。
*观测记录时间。
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从录像中我们看到了什么…
1.节奏快,节奏感强,效率高--- TT 和 CT的概念
2.人员浪费少---无等待
3.自働化---人机分离
4.空间小---减少搬运
5.物料摆放人性化—料箱45°便于拿取物料
6.工位是U型单元化布局,减少人员走动的浪费
7. 支持新员工- TWI- JI
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标准作业的3个基本要素 1.根据需要产量确定生产节拍（T/T）
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标准作业的3个基本要素
作业顺序 2.根据工艺确定作业顺序
作业顺序：
指作业者能够效率最高地生产合格品的生产
操作顺序。 好的作业顺序是作业者没有返回步行且空步 行最短的循环作业。--浪费最少原则
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标准作业的3个基本要素 3.根据各工序产能确定工序间的标准库存
A
10,000
B
11,000
C
9,000
StandardWork标准作业
标准化所有重复性的工作
3. Keep equipment and systems in good operating condition 保持设备和系统的良好工作状态. 状况不佳，员工将无法保证标准. 4. 如果机器，制具和物料
Standard In-Process Inventory
标准在线库存: 完成工作 步骤所需的在线库存
工作顺序
设备
节拍时间
Standard Work
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Standard Work Component 1: Takt Time and Cycle Time要件1：节拍时间和循环时间
Takt time = 每天有效工作时间 每天客户需求
Standard Work
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Why… Standardized Work? 为什么要。。。 标准化作业来自Standard Work
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Reasons for Using Standardized Work 标准化作业的理由
Safety 安全 • 标准化作业提高员工操作的安全性 • 警示员工注意潜在的危害 • 确定关键的个人防护用品 • 定义并记录工作流程 • 确定的工作顺序和产出 • 为新员工提供最佳操作指示 • 流程稳定，顺畅，合乎标准 • 品质检查(自检）包含在标准作业中
Standard Work
工作分析表
Standard In-Process Stock
产能分析表
Quality
Standardized Work
Work
Work Sequence
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Caterpillar: Confidential Green
IT’S OUR TURN…
This module concentrates on Creation这个模 Create / Update the standard Document the standard创造或更新标准文件 块集中精力在创新 上
IT’S OUR TURN…
SWS / SWES Creation Process SWS/SWES创建步骤
Prework - Gather process information准备工作-收集步骤信息 1. Identify and draft work elements for SWS 为SWS辨识和起草工作要素 2. Validate the elements and sequence 确认要素和频次 3. Identify work elements that need more detail (SWES) 识别工作要素需要更多的 细节（SWES） 4. Draft sequence, key points and reasons for SWESs 为SWESs起草频次、关键 点和原因 5. Validate SWESs验证SWESs 6. Document safety scores / issues制定关于安全问题的文件 7. Document cycle times关于周期之间的文件 8. Complete documents including pictures etc.包括照片的完整性文件 9. Validate and get sign-offs验证并取得通过
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Caterpillar: Confidential Green
Prework
February 15, 2017
Caterpillar: Confidential Green
IT’S OUR TURN…
Create / Update Standard - Prework创建和更新标准-前期 准备
Existing Documentation现有的文件 Communicate with production team members, team leads and Process Flow Diagram流程图 section managers生产团队成员，团队成 Process Failure Mode Effects Analysis (PFMEA) PFMEA 员和部门主管之间交流 Quality plan质量计划 Plans for their area他们区域的计划 Safety FMEA安全FMEA Their roles他们的规定 Outstanding or recurring issues突出或循环 Focus is on the process, 问题 not the people关注过程而非人 Existing CI cards现有的CI卡 Go See – become familiar with Safety incidents安全事件 process area Takt Time 多看-熟悉过程区 High Safety FMEA scores高安全 域的生产节拍(management should help FMEA分数 determine target管理人员需要帮助确定目 Field failures失效领域 标) Quality Gate failures质量量具失效 Current现在 Repair logs related to the area修补记 Next 3-6 months以下3-6月 录相关的区域 Next 1-3 years以后1-3年的
Describe the overall creation process描述全部的创新过程 Explain best practices for identifying and writing work elements识别和写出工作步骤最好的实践 Explain best practices for identifying and writing SWES details识别和写出SWES细节的实践 Explain best practices for gathering cycle times汇总流程时间的最佳实践 Describe the Standard Work Sheet标准作业薄的描述 Describe the Standard Work Element Sheet元素作业标准步骤薄的描述 Describe the type of information they should contain描述SWS和SWES所包括信息 Describe some best practices for using the flexible area描述用在灵活区域的实践 Best practices for including pictures包含照片的最佳实践 Explain the value of individual cycle times解释单个循环时间的价值
Analysis Improve the standard 分析，改进标准
Implement the standard Train team members 实施标准，培训团队成员
Audit the standard Monitor the outputs 审核标准，监控输出
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Caterpillar: Confidential Green
Caterpillar: Confidential Green
Simulation 1
The Baseline
February 15, 2017
Caterpillar: Confidential Green
IT’S OUR TURN…
Objectives目标
At the end of this module, you will be able to:在这个模块后，你可以：
Standard Work – Creating SWS and SWES Documents
February 15, 2017
Version: 5.3 Modified: February 2013 Owner: Transformation Process Division Caterpillar: Confidential Green
How Much Detail is Necessary?需要多少细节
Unfortunately, it depends.不幸的，它需要： What needs to be done the same every time?什么需要做在相同的每个时间 A marching band may need everyone to start on the same foot and take 22 inch steps, but a weld area usually doesn’t need that much detail.一个军乐团可能需要同步伐和22英寸的步幅，但一个焊接区域不需要 那么多的细节 In a work cell, it may increase velocity if we load machine 1 before unloading 在一个工作班组，我们开动机器1可在不关闭机器2时会增加声音，但开动和不开动的细节可以 观察到并不需要更多细节，可是，在零件处于关闭状态时，确保零件是否开启正确或做了必须 要做的检查这是个关键，每个步骤都可以成为多种工作要素，这要确保增加步骤得到展示，分 配的时间可以正确的做 machine 2, but the details of loading and unloading may be obvious and don’t need more detail. However, if there is a key to ensuring the part is loaded correctly or a check that should be done as part of the unloading process, each of these may become multiple work elements. This ensures the added step is performed and that time is allotted to do it correctly. A single long, straight weld taking 60 minutes may not need much more than standard weld details. However on a shorter weld where distortion is a risk, there may be a need for much more detail specifying sequence and including pictures highlighting specific techniques.一个长 直焊缝需要60分钟可能不需要更多标准细节。 Perhaps 6 gears can be inserted in a carrier clockwise or counterclockwise with no impact on PQVC. However, torquing 6 bolts may need to be done in a specific pattern and need the additional detail because there is a quality risk if done differently.
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Caterpillar: Confidential Green
Identify and Draft Work Elements for SWS
February 15, 2017