东华大学高分子材料复试英语翻译
(完整版)高分子材料工程专业英语第二版课文翻译(基本全了
A 高分子化学和高分子物理UNIT 1 What are Polymer?第一单元什么是高聚物？What are polymers? For one thing, they are complex and giant molecules and are different from low molecular weight compounds like, say, common salt. To contrast the difference, the molecular weight of common salt is only 58.5, while that of a polymer can be as high as several hundred thousand, even more than thousand thousands. These big molecules or ‘macro-molecules’ are made up of much smaller molecules, can be of one or more chemical compounds. To illustrate, imagine that a set of rings has the same size and is made of the same material. When these things are interlinked, the chain formed can be considered as representing a polymer from molecules of the same compound. Alternatively, individual rings could be of different sizes and materials, and interlinked to represent a polymer from molecules of different compounds.什么是高聚物？首先，他们是合成物和大分子，而且不同于低分子化合物，譬如说普通的盐。
高分子专业英语课文翻译
A 高分子化学和高分子物理UNIT 1 What are Polymer?第一单元什么是高聚物？What are polymers? For one thing, they are complex and giant molecules and are different from low molecular weight compounds like, say, common salt. To contrast the difference, the molecular weight of common salt is only 58.5, while that of a polymer can be as high as several hundred thousand, even more than thousand thousands. These big molecules or ‘macro-molecules’ are made up of much smaller molecules, can be of one or more chemical compounds. To illustrate, imagine that a set of rings has the same size and is made of the same material. When these things are interlinked, the chain formed can be considered as representing a polymer from molecules of the same compound. Alternatively, individual rings could be of different sizes and materials, and interlinked to represent a polymer from molecules of different compounds.什么是高聚物？首先，他们是合成物和大分子，而且不同于低分子化合物，譬如说普通的盐。
高分子材料工程专业英语第二版课文翻译(基本全了教学提纲
A 高分子化学和高分子物理UNIT 1 What are Polymer?第一单元什么是高聚物？What are polymers? For one thing, they are complex and giant molecules and are different from low molecular weight compounds like, say, common salt. To contrast the difference, the molecular weight of common salt is only 58.5, while that of a polymer can be as high as several hundred thousand, even more than thousand thousands. These big molecules or ‘macro-molecules’ are made up of much smaller molecules, can be of one or more chemical compounds. To illustrate, imagine that a set of rings has the same size and is made of the same material. When these things are interlinked, the chain formed can be considered as representing a polymer from molecules of the same compound. Alternatively, individual rings could be of different sizes and materials, and interlinked to represent a polymer from molecules of different compounds.什么是高聚物？首先，他们是合成物和大分子，而且不同于低分子化合物，譬如说普通的盐。
高分子材料与工程专业英语答案
高分子材料与工程专业英语答案【篇一：高分子材料专业英语第二版部分答案2】t all polymers are built up from bonding together a single kindof repeating unit. at the other extreme ,protein molecules are polyamides in which n amino acide repeat units are bonded together. although we might still call n the degree of polymerization in this case, it is less usefull,since an aminoacid unit might be any one of some 20-odd molecules that are found in proteins. in this case the molecular weightitself,rather than the degree of the polymerization ,is generally used to describe the molecule. when the actual content of individual amino acids is known,it is their sequence that is of special interest to biochemists and molecular biologists.并不是所有的聚合物都是由一个重复单元链接在一起而形成的。
在另一个极端的情形中，蛋白质分子是由n个氨基酸重复单元链接在一起形成的聚酰胺。
尽管在这个例子中，我们也许仍然把n称为聚合度，但是没有意义，因为一个氨基酸单元也许是在蛋白质中找到的20多个分子中的任意一个。
高分子材料工程专业英语翻译
高分子材料工程专业英语翻译————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：Unit 1 What are polymers?What are polymers? For one thing, they are complex and giant molecules and are different from low molecular weight compounds like, say, common salt.什么是高聚物？首先，他们是合成物和大分子，而且不同于低分子化合物，譬如说普通的盐。
To contrast the difference, the molecular weight of common salt is only 58.5, while that of a polymer can be as high as several hundred thousand, even more than thousand thousands.与低分子化合物不同的是，普通盐的分子量仅仅是58.5，而高聚物的分子量高于105，甚至大于106。
These big molecules or ‘macro-molecules’ are made up of much smaller molecules, can be of one or more chemical compounds.这些大分子或“高分子”由许多小分子组成。
小分子相互结合形成大分子，大分子能够是一种或多种化合物。
To illustrate, imagine that a set of rings has the same size and is made of the same material. When these things are interlinked, the chain formed can be considered as representing a polymer from molecules of the same compound.举例说明，想象一组大小相同并由相同的材料制成的环。
高分子材料工程专业英语词汇及部分课文翻译
专业英语词汇accordion 手风琴activation 活化（作用）addition polymer 加成聚合物，加聚物aggravate 加重，恶化agitation 搅拌agrochemical 农药，化肥Alfin catalyst 醇（碱金属）烯催化剂align 排列成行aliphatic 脂肪（族）的alkali metal 碱金属allyl 烯丙基aluminum alkyl 烷基铝amidation 酰胺化（作用）amino 氨基，氨基的amorphous 无定型的，非晶体的anionic 阴（负）离子的antioxidant 抗氧剂antistatic agent 抗静电剂aromatic 芳香（族）的arrangement （空间）排布，排列atactic 无规立构的attraction 引力，吸引backbone 主链，骨干behavior 性能，行为biological 生物（学）的biomedical 生物医学的bond dissociation energy 键断裂能boundary 界限，范围brittle 脆的，易碎的butadiene 丁二烯butyllithium 丁基锂calendering 压延成型calendering 压延carboxyl 羧基carrier 载体catalyst 催化剂，触媒categorization 分类（法）category 种类，类型cation 正[阳]离子cationic 阳（正）离子的centrifuge 离心chain reaction 连锁反应chain termination 链终止char 炭characterize 表征成为…的特征chilled water 冷冻水chlorine 氯（气）coating 涂覆cocatalyst 助催化剂coil 线团coiling 线团状的colligative 依数性colloid 胶体commence 开始，着手common salt 食盐complex 络合物compliance 柔量condensation polymer 缩合聚合物，缩聚物conductive material 导电材料conformation 构象consistency 稠度，粘稠度contaminant 污物contour 外形，轮廓controlled release 控制释放controversy 争论，争议conversion 转化率conversion 转化copolymer 共聚物copolymerization 共聚（合）corrosion inhibitor 缓释剂countercurrent 逆流crosslinking 交联crystal 基体，结晶crystalline 晶体，晶态，结晶的，晶态的crystalline 结晶的crystallinity 结晶性，结晶度crystallite 微晶decomposition 分解defect 缺陷deformability 变形性，变形能力deformation 形变deformation 变形degree of polymerization 聚合度dehydrogenate 使脱氢density 密度depolymerization 解聚deposit 堆积物，沉积depropagation 降解dewater 脱水diacid 二（元）酸diamine 二（元）胺dibasic 二元的dieforming 口模成型diffraction 衍射diffuse 扩散dimension 尺寸dimensional stability 尺寸稳定性dimer 二聚物（体）diol 二（元）醇diolefin 二烯烃disintegrate 分解，分散，分离dislocation 错位，位错dispersant 分散剂dissociate 离解dissolution 溶解dissolve 使…溶解distort 使…变形，扭曲double bond 双键dough （生）面团，揉好的面drug 药品，药物elastic modulus 弹性模量elastomer 弹性体eliminate 消除，打开，除去elongation 伸长率，延伸率entanglement 缠结，纠缠entropy 熵equilibrium 平衡esterification 酯化（作用）evacuate 撤出extrusion 注射成型extrusion 挤出fiber 纤维flame retardant 阻燃剂flexible 柔软的flocculating agent 絮凝剂folded-chain lamella theory 折叠链片晶理论formulation 配方fractionation 分级fragment 碎屑，碎片fringed-micelle theory 缨状微束理论functional group 官能团functional polymer 功能聚合物functionalized polymer 功能聚合物gel 凝胶glass transition temperature 玻璃化温度glassy 玻璃（态）的glassy 玻璃态的glassy state 玻璃态globule 小球，液滴，颗粒growing chain 生长链，活性链gyration 旋转，回旋hardness 硬度heat transfer 热传递heterogeneous 不均匀的，非均匀的hydocy acid 羧基酸hydrogen 氢（气）hydrogen bonding 氢键hydrostatic 流体静力学hydroxyl 烃基hypothetical 假定的，理想的，有前提的ideal 理想的，概念的imagine 想象，推测imbed 嵌入，埋入，包埋imperfect 不完全的improve 增进，改善impurity 杂质indispensable 不了或缺的infrared spectroscopy 红外光谱法ingredient 成分initiation （链）引发initiator 引发剂inorganic polymer 无机聚合物interaction 相互作用interchain 链间的interlink 把…相互连接起来连接intermittent 间歇式的intermolecular (作用于)分子间的intrinsic 固有的ion 离子ion exchange resin 离子交换树脂ionic 离子的ionic polymerization 离子型聚合irradiation 照射，辐射irregularity 不规则性，不均匀的isobutylene 异丁烯isocyanate 异氰酸酯isopropylate 异丙醇金属，异丙氧化金属isotactic 等规立构的isotropic 各项同性的kinetic chain length 动力学链长kinetics 动力学latent 潜在的light scattering 光散射line 衬里，贴面liquid crystal 液晶macromelecule 大分子，高分子matrix 基体，母体，基质，矩阵mean-aquare end-to-end distance 均方末端距mechanical property 力学性能，机械性能mechanism 机理medium 介质中等的，中间的minimise 最小化minimum 最小值，最小的mo(u)lding 模型mobility 流动性mobilize 运动，流动model 模型modify 改性molecular weight 分子量molecular weight distribution 分子量分布molten 熔化的monofunctional 单官能度的monomer 单体morphology 形态（学）moulding 模塑成型neutral 中性的nonelastic 非弹性的nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振nuclear track detector 核径迹探测器number average molecular weight 数均分子量occluded 夹杂（带）的olefinic 烯烃的optimum 最佳的，最佳值[点，状态] orient 定向，取向orientation 定向oxonium 氧鎓羊packing 堆砌parameter 参数parison 型柸pattern 花纹，图样式样peculiarity 特性pendant group 侧基performance 性能，特征permeability 渗透性pharmaceutical 药品，药物，药物的，医药的phenyl sodium 苯基钠phenyllithium 苯基锂phosgene 光气，碳酰氯photosensitizer 光敏剂plastics 塑料platelet 片晶polyamide 聚酰胺polybutene 聚丁烯polycondensation 缩（合）聚（合）polydisperse 多分散的polydispersity 多分散性polyesterification 聚酯化（作用）polyethylene 聚乙烯polyfunctional 多官能度的polymer 聚合物【体】，高聚物polymeric 聚合（物）的polypropylene 聚苯烯polystyrene 聚苯乙烯polyvinyl alcohol 聚乙烯醇polyvinylchloride 聚氯乙烯porosity 多孔性，孔隙率positive 正的，阳（性）的powdery 粉状的processing 加工，成型purity 纯度pyrolysis 热解radical 自由基radical polymerization 自由基聚合radius 半径random coil 无规线团random decomposition 无规降解reactent 反应物，试剂reactive 反应性的，活性的reactivity 反应性，活性reactivity ratio 竞聚率real 真是的release 解除，松开repeating unit 重复单元retract 收缩rubber 橡胶rubbery 橡胶态的rupture 断裂saturation 饱和scalp 筛子，筛分seal 密封secondary shaping operation 二次成型sedimentation 沉降（法）segment 链段segment 链段semicrystalline 半晶settle 沉淀，澄清shaping 成型side reaction 副作用simultaneously 同时，同步single bond 单键slastic parameter 弹性指数slurry 淤浆solar energy 太阳能solubility 溶解度solvent 溶剂spacer group 隔离基团sprinkle 喷洒squeeze 挤压srereoregularity 立构规整性【度】stability 稳定性stabilizer 稳定剂statistical 统计的step-growth polymerization 逐步聚合stereoregular 有规立构的，立构规整性的stoichiometric 当量的，化学计算量的strength 强度stretch 拉直，拉长stripping tower 脱单塔subdivide 细分区分substitution 取代，代替surfactant 表面活性剂swell 溶胀swollen 溶胀的synthesis 合成synthesize 合成synthetic 合成的tacky （表面）发粘的,粘连性tanker 油轮，槽车tensile strength 抗张强度terminate （链）终止tertiary 三元的，叔（特）的tetrahydrofuran 四氢呋喃texture 结构，组织thermoforming 热成型thermondynamically 热力学地thermoplastic 热塑性的thermoset 热固性的three-dimensionally ordered 三维有序的titanium tetrachloride 四氯化钛titanium trichloride 三氯化铁torsion 转矩transfer （链）转移，（热）传递triethyloxonium-borofluoride 三乙基硼氟酸羊trimer 三聚物（体）triphenylenthyl potassium 三苯甲基钾ultracentrifugation 超速离心（分离）ultrasonic 超声波uncross-linked 非交联的uniaxial 单轴的unsaturated 不饱和的unzippering 开链urethane 氨基甲酸酯variation 变化，改变vinyl 乙烯基（的）vinyl chloride 氯乙烯vinyl ether 乙烯基醚viscoelastic 黏弹性的viscoelastic state 黏弹态viscofluid state 黏流态viscosity 黏度viscosity average molecular weight 黏均分子量viscous 粘稠的vulcanization 硫化weight average molecular weight 重均分子量X-ray x射线x光yield 产率Young's modulus 杨氏模量课文翻译第一单元什么是高聚物？什么是高聚物？首先，他们是合成物和大分子，而且不同于低分子化合物，譬如说普通的盐。
高分子材料专业英语翻译
A 高分子化学和高分子物理UNIT 1 What are Polymer?第一单元什么是高聚物？What are polymers? For one thing, they are complex and giant molecules and are different from low molecular weight compounds like, say, common salt. To contrast the difference, the molecular weight of common salt is only 58.5, while that of a polymer can be as high as several hundred thousand, even more than thousand thousands. These big molecules or ‘macro-molecules’are made up of much smaller molecules, can be of one or more chemical compounds. To illustrate, imagine that a set of rings has the same size and is made of the same material. When these things are interlinked, the chain formed can be considered as representing a polymer from molecules of the same compound. Alternatively, individual rings could be of different sizes and materials, and interlinked to represent a polymer from molecules of different compounds.什么是高聚物？首先，他们是合成物和大分子，而且不同于低分子化合物，譬如说普通的盐。
高分子材料工程专业英语第二版课文翻译基本全了.doc
A 高分子化学和高分子物理UNIT 1 What are Polymer?第一单元什么是高聚物？What are polymers? For one thing, they are complex and giant molecules and are different from low molecular weight compounds like, say, common salt. To contrast the difference, the molecular weight of common salt is only 58.5, while that of a polymer can be as high as several hundred thousand, even more than thousand thousands. These big molecules or ‘macro-molecules’ are made up of much smaller molecules, can be of one or more chemical compounds. To illustrate, imagine that a set of rings has the same size and is made of the same material. When these things are interlinked, the chain formed can be considered as representing a polymer from molecules of the same compound. Alternatively, individual rings could be of different sizes and materials, and interlinked to represent a polymer from molecules of different compounds.什么是高聚物？首先，他们是合成物和大分子，而且不同于低分子化合物，譬如说普通的盐。
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1. 用英文作自我介绍 回答问题： 请简单说明什么事聚合物的粘弹性，并说明它与低分子液体流动的区别？ 朗读并翻译以下段落 Larger diameter (50-10nm) vapor grown carbon nanofibers can be well dispersed in polypropylene melt, while singe wall carbon nanotubes(swnt) were not as well dispersed, techniques such as end-group functionalization, use of ionic surfactants, shear mixing and plasma coating have been used to improve dispersion and exfoliation of carbon nanotubes in polypropylene compatibility with fillers has been improved by matrix modification by grafting it with reactive moieties,such as acrylic acid,acrylic esters,and maleic anhydride.
2.高聚物与高聚物之间相容性的好坏可以通过什么方法加以评价？ A new copolyamide,nylon 6 11,was prepared by hydrolytic polymerization and melt polycondensation and characterized by means of intrinsic viscosity,fourier transform infraed(ftir) spectroscopy and differemtial scanning calorimetry(DSC)in this paper.it was found that the intrinsic viscosity of nylon 6 11 copolymerization time under vacuum. however,the incorporation of caprolactam into nylon 11 chains did not transform the crystal phase of nylon 11.
3.请问聚合物分子量的测试方法有哪些？并描述其中两种测试方法的测试原理？ Solutions of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) or evoh,ranging in composition from 56 to71 wt% vinyl alcohol,can be readily electrospun at room temperature from solutions in 70% 2-propanol/water. The solutions are prepared at 80? And allowed to cool to room temperature. Interestingly, the solutions are not stable at room temperature and eventually the polymer precipitates after several hours. However,prior to precipitation,electrospinning is extensive and rapid,allowing coverage of fibers on various substrates. Fiber diameters of ca. 0.2-0.8um were obtained depending upon the solution concentration.
4.用于生产合成纤维的高分子的分子量与橡胶、塑料相比有什么不同，结构有何差异？ The use of macromonomers is a convenient method for preparing branched polymers. However,graft copolymers obtained by conventional radical copolymerization of macromonomers often exhibit poorly controlled molecular weights and high polydispersities as well as large compositional heterogeneities from chain-to-chain. In contrast,the development of “living”/contolled radical polymerization has facilitated the precise synthesis of well-defined polymers with low polydispersities in addition to enabling synthetic chemists to prepare polymers with novel and complex architectures. 5.如何测定AVrami指数？Avrami指数物理学上有什么意义？ The thermal and electrical conductivities in nanocomposites of single walled carbon nanotubes(swnt) and polyethylene(pe)are investigated in terms of swnt loading, the degree of PE crystallinity,and the pe alignment. Isotropic swnt/PE nanocomposites show a significant increase in thermal conductivity with increasing swnt loading,having 1.8 and 3.5 w/mk at a swnt volume fraction of ?~0.2 in low-density pe(ldpe)and high-density PE(hdpe),respectively.this increase suggests a reduction of the interfacial thermal resistance. Oriented swnt/hdpe nanocomposites exhibit higher thermal conductivities, which are attributed primarily to the aligned pe matrix.
6.请陈述你对“高分子”的理解？在你印象中，你知道哪些常用的聚合物品种？请列举其中两种聚合物品种的应用？ We previously discovered that isotropic monomer solution shows birefringence due to its anisotropic structure after gelation in the presence of a small amount of rod-like polyelectrolyte. Here, we focus on what mechanism is responsible for the formation of anisotropic structure during gelation. Various optical measurements are performed to elucidate the structure change during gelation. It is found that the existence of a large-size structure in monomer solution with the rod-like polyelectrolyte is essentially important to induce birefringence during gelation.
7.如何提高尼龙66的分子量？ This work examines the pbt/pet sheath/core conjugated fiber, with reference to melt spinning,fiber properties and thermal bonding. Regarding the rheological behaviors in the conjugated spinning, pet and pbt show the smallest difference between their melt-viscosity at temperatures of 290 and 260 respectively,which has been thought to represent optimal spinning conditions. The effect of processing parameters on the crystallinity of core material-pet was observed and listed. In order of importance,these factors are the draw ratio,the heat-set temperature,and the drawing temperature.
8.你对白色污染有何看法？你认为可以实现高分子得循环利用吗？ Thermoresponsive shape memory fibers were prepared by melt spinning from a polyester polyol-based polyurethane shape memory polymer and were subjected to different postspinning operations to modify their structure. The effect of drawing and heatsetting operations on the shape memory behavior,mechanical properties,and structure of the fibers was studies. In contrast to the as-spun fibers, which were found to show low stress built up on straining to temporary shape and incomplete recovery to the permanent shape,the drawn and heat-set fibers showed signficantly higher stresses and complete recovery.