英汉语言学词汇对照表
英汉语法术语对照表
通常是由，if’引导的从句，它是主句所述事件所依赖的条件，如‘If it rains，we’ll go to the cinema…’和‘They would be rich if they had taken my advice’。
conjunction连词：
没有规则动词具有的各种屈折变化形式的动词，如所有情态动词均属此类。
defining non-finite clause限制性非限定小句：
指位于名词词组之后的指明所谈及的人或物的分词分句，例如‘The girlwearing the red hat’。
defining relative clause限制性关系从句：
表示某事持续长短的副词，如‘brieny’。
adverb of frequency频度副词：
表示某事发生的经常性程度的副词·如often，。
adverb of manner方式副词：
表示某事发生的方式或做某事的方式的副词，如‘carefully’。
adverb of place地点副词：
指描述位置或方向的副词，例如‘Move
common noun普通名词：
指人和物集合体的名词，如‘committee’和' computer’和‘glass '。比较proper noun专有名词。
comparative比较级：
词的末尾加。一er，或前面加‘more，的形容词或副词，如·friendlier’、‘more important " ' more carefully '。
auxiliary verb助动词：
动词‘be，、·have，和‘do，与主要动词连用，构成时态、否定句、疑问句等时叫助动及的事。词。助动词又作auxili脚。Modals情态动词也是助动词。
英汉语言学术语对照表2
BBaby Talk娃娃腔 [陶]back-channel 衬托型反馈形式[陶]backgrounding 抑退[吕240]Bahasa Indonesia 巴萨印尼话[陶]ballooning(of rules) (规则)膨胀[吕240]banter principle 逗乐原则[廖369]bare noun 光杆名词[陈129]basic level 基本层次[廖417]basic level terms 典型层次词[廖436]Basque 巴斯克语[陶]Bazaar Malay 集市马来话[陶]begging 乞求[陶]behavioral norm 行为规范[陈106]Berber 柏柏尔语[陶]beyond sentence grammar 超句语法[廖234]bi-cultural 双文化[陶]bidialectalism 双方言[陶]bilingual 说双语的人[陶]bilingualism 双语[陶]biunique 一一对应[陈11]bounded 有界的[陈168]boundedness 封闭性[廖438]bracketing 加括[吕241]brand new 全新的[廖399]bundle of features 特征束[陈10]Ccamaraderie 同志式的[陶]cardinal reference-point 主要元音参考点[廖318] case-marker 格标记[吕241]case marking 格标记[廖340]Catalan 加泰窿语[陶]cataphoric reference 反指[陈206]catastrophic change 剧变，灾变[陶] catastrophism 剧变说，灾变说[陶]categorize 类化[陈103]categorization 范畴化[廖449]category 范畴[廖449][吕241]causal 因果性[陈117]causative construction 使成结构[廖326 344] cause adverb 原因副词[吕241]causee 使成者[廖345]causer 肇事者[廖345]center string 中心语符列[陈45]change in progress 进行中的变化[陶]chunk 信息块[陈89]circumstantial role 附带成分[陈183]circumstantials 随遇成分[廖27]citation 引用[廖359]clarity principle 清楚原则[廖370]class 类[陈128]classical 古语[陶]class-inclusion 类包括[吕241]classes of words 词类[吕241]classification 分类体[廖124]clause 小句[廖236][吕241]clause-internal rules 小句内部规则[吕241]cleft sentence 分裂句[陈240]clefting 分裂[吕241]closed network 封闭网络[陶]cluster 词群[廖408]code 代码[吕241]code norm 代码规范[陈105]code-switching 语码转换[陶]codification 标准的健全[陶]coding 表现[陈163]coding device 编码手段[吕241]cognitive content 认识内容[吕241]cognitive correspondence 认知对应原则[陈104] cognitive function 认识功能[吕241]cognitive information 认知信息[陶]cognitive representation theory 认知表现理论[陈104] cognitive science 认知科学[廖380]cognitive synonymy 认知同义关系[廖406]coherence 意义连贯[廖373]cohesion 形式连贯[廖373]cohesive relationship 连贯关系[廖399]collaborative finish 合作完成式[陶]collocational restrictions 习惯性搭配限制[廖408] command 统御[陈68]comment 论述,陈述[廖333 396][陈187] 说明[吕241] commissives 承诺[廖423]common focus 共喻圈[吕242]common knowledge 共同知识[吕242]communication 传信[廖379]communication accommodation theory, CAT 交际适应理论[陶] communicative competence 交际能力[廖278]communicative force 实际用义[廖357]communicative language teaching 交际语言教学[陶] compactness 简洁[吕242]comparative 比较[吕242]compatibility 并存关系[廖407]competence 语言能力[陈18] 能耐[吕242]complementaries 互补词[廖411]complements 补足成分[廖27] 补语[吕242]complementizer 成形剂[吕242]complex change 复变[陈160]complex-NP-shift 复杂NP移位[吕242]complex sentence 复杂句[吕242]componentialist 要素分析者[廖438]compound interdependent 合成型[陶]compression rules 压缩规则[吕242]conative function 使动功能[廖313]conceptual dependency 概念从属(语法)[陈101]concord 一致[吕242]conditional adverb 条件副词[吕242]conditional coherence 条件连贯[陈83]configuration 构型[廖438]configurationality 组合性[陈108]congruence relations 一致关系[廖406]congruent 一致性[陶]congruent meronym 一致部件[廖407]conjoinability 可连接性[廖27]conjunction 连词/联合[吕242]conjunction-reduction 省并[吕242]connectivers 连接成分[廖451]constituency rules 组成成分规则[廖314]constituent class 成分类别[陈41]constituent ellipsis 成分省略[廖14]constituent insertion 成分插入[陶]constituent order 结构成分顺序[廖334]constitutive principles 构成原则[廖373]constant 常量[吕242]constraints 限制[廖328] 约束[吕242]construction grammar 结构语法[廖281]containment 包含[廖483]contemporary 当代[陶]content form 内容形式[陈9]content mode 内容表达式[廖359]content substance 内容实体[陈9]context 语境,上文[廖236 395]context of situation 言语情景；情景的上下文[陶]context-dependent structure/system 依靠语境的结构/系统[廖236] context-free rule 不受上下文约束的规则[吕242]context of situation 语境[廖319]context-sensitive rule 受上下文约束的规则[吕242]contextual relations 语境关系[廖404]contextual style 场合语体[陶]contextualization cues 语境线索[陶]continuity 连续性[陈187]continuous variable 连续变量[陶]continuum 连续体[陈64 162]contraction 语音省缩[吕242]contrary 指反[陈217]contrastive prominence 对比重音[吕242]control 自控力[廖332]convergence 靠近[陶]conversation 会话[廖236]conversational analysis,CA 对话分析[廖235] 会话分析[陶] conversational implicatures 话语蕴含[陶]conversational postulates 对话原则[廖361]converse 逆反词[廖413]co-occurrence constraint 共现约束[吕242]cooperative principle 合作原则[廖179 357]co-ordinate independent 并存型[陶]coordinate structure 并列结构[吕242]copula verb 系词[吕242]coreference 同一性关系[陈182]corpus planning 语型规划[陶]corrected mean 修正均值[陶]correspondence 对应[廖365]co-taxonyms 同类分类词[廖409]counteractive 反动关系[廖412]counterparts 对应词[廖413]covert prestige 隐威信[陶]creole 克里奥语,混合语[陶]criterial 判别性的[廖404]cross-cultural communication 跨文化的交际[陶]crossover 超越[陶]cultivation 培养[陶]current 邻接的[廖399]cycle 轮转[吕243]cyclic application 循环使用[廖317]contrastive features 区别特征[陶]。
语言学术语英汉对照表
语言学术语（英-汉对照）表Glossary and IndexAabbreviation 缩写词，略语 3.3.1Abercrombie 10.3.2ablative 夺格，离格 4.1.1abstractness 抽象性 1.3.2accent 重音（符）2.4.4；2.4.5accuracy 正确性 11.6.4accusative 宾格 4.1.1achievement test 成绩测试 11.6.3acoustic phonetics 声学语音学 1.7.1；2.1 acquisition 习得 6.1.2acronym 缩略语 3.3.1action process 动作过程 12.2.3actor 动作者 4.4.2；12.2.3addition 添加 3.3.2address form 称呼形式 7.2.3addressee 受话人 1.4；9.4.1addresser 发话人 1.4；9.4.1adjective 形容词 3.1.2；4.1.1；5.5.2adjunct 修饰成分；附加语 12.2.3adverb 副词 3.1.2affix 词缀 3.2.1affix hopping 词缀跳跃 4.3.1affixation词缀附加法 7.1.4affricate 塞擦音 2.4.3；2.4.5；2.9.1 agreement 一致关系 4.1.3airstream 气流 2alliteration 头韵 9.3.2；9.3.6allomorph 词/语素变体 3.2.4；4.3.1allophone 音位变体 2.8allophonic variation 音位变体 2.8.3allophony音位变体现象 2.8.3alveolar ridge 齿龈 2.2alveolar 齿龈音 2.4.4；2.4.5ambiguity 歧义 4.2.2；4.3.1；6.2.3；8.2.2；8.3.2 ambiguous歧义的 5.5.2；6.3American descriptive linguistics 美国描写语言学 12.3 American English 美式英语 10.3.5American Indian languages 美国印第安族诸语言 12.3 American structuralism 美国结构主义10.3.2；12.3 analogical creation 类推造字 3.3.1anapest 抑抑扬格 9.3.3anaphor 前指替代 4.3.3anaphoric reference 前指照应 4.3.2Anderson 6.3.1Animal communication system 动物交际系统 1.2；1.3 animate 有生命的 4.2.1annotation 注解 10.3.4；10.3.5antecedent 先行词；前在词 4.3.2anthropological 人类学的 12.3.1anthropological linguistics 人类语言学 1.8.3；7.1.1 anticipatory coarticulation 逆化协同发音 2.6.1 antonomasia 换称；代类名 7.1.4antonym 反义词 5.4antonymy 反义(关系) 5.3.2appellative 称谓性4.4.2applied linguistics 应用语言学11applied sociolinguistics 应用社会语言学7.2.4 appropriacy 适宜性11.6.4appropriateness 适宜性；得体性11.2.5approximant 无摩擦延续音2.4.3；2.4.5Apte 7；7.2.1aptitude test 素质测试11.6.2Arabic 阿拉伯语3.3.1；4.4.1arbitrariness 任意性1.3.1；12argument 中项；中词；主目4.3.3；5.5.2article 冠词3.1.2；4.1.1；4.2.1articulation 发音2.6articulator 发音器官2.4.2；2.4.3articulatory phonetics 发音语音学1.7.1；2.1 artificial speech 人工言语10aspect 体4.1.2aspirated 吐气；送气2.6.2；2.8.2assimilation 同化2.9.1；3.2.4；3.3.2；6.2.4associative 联想 4.2.1associative meaning 联想意义 5.3assonance 准压韵；半谐音9.3.2；9.3.6Atkinson, A.M. 2.1attributive 属性；修饰语；定语 4.2.2；12.2.3 auditory phonetics 听觉语音学 1.7.1；2.1Austin, John Langshaw 8.1；8.1.2authentic input 真实投入 11.4.2authorial style 权威风格 9.4.3authoring program 编程 10.1.3autonomy 自主性 1.8auxiliary 助词 3.1.2；12.4.3auxiliary verb 助动词 3.1.2；12.2.3Bbabbling stage 婴儿语阶段 12.4.1back-formation 逆构词法 3.3.1Bally, Charles 9.1Bar-Hillel 10.2.1Barnhart & Barnhart 7.1.4base component 基础部分 4.3.2；12.4。
英汉语法术语对照表
英语语法术语（中英对照）语法grammar句法syntax词法morphology句子sentence从句clause词组phrase词类part of speech单词word实词notional word虚词structural word单纯词simple word派生词derivative复合词compound词性part of speech名词noun专有名词proper noun普通名词common noun可数名词countable noun不可数名词uncountable noun 抽象名词abstract noun具体名词concret noun物质名词material noun 集体名词collective noun个体名词individual noun介词preposition连词conjunction动词verb主动词main verb及物动词transitive verb不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb助动词auxiliary verb情态动词modal verb规则动词regular verb不规则动词irregular verb短语动词phrasal verb限定动词finite verb非限定动词infinite verb使役动词causative verb感官动词verb of senses动态动词event verb静态动词state verb感叹词exclamation形容词adjective原级positive比较级comparative最高级superalative副词adverb方式副词adverb of manner程度副词adverb of degree时间副词adverb of time地点副词adverb of place修饰性副词adjunct连接性副词conjunct疑问副词interogative adverb关系副词relative adverb代词pronoun人称代词personal pronoun物主代词possesive pronoun反身代词reflexive pronoun相互代词reciprocal pronoun指示代词demonstrative pronoun疑问代词interrogative pronoun关系代词relative pronoun不定代词indefinite pronoun物主代词possecive pronoun名词性物主代词nominal possesive prnoun形容词性物主代词adjectival possesive pronoun 冠词article定冠词definite article 不定冠词indefinite article数词numeral基数词cardinal numeral序数词ordinal numeral分数词fractional numeral形式form单数形式singular form复数形式plural form限定动词finite verb form非限定动词non-finite verb form原形base form从句clause从属句subordinate clause并列句coordinate clause名词从句nominal clause定语从句attributive clause状语从句adverbial clause宾语从句object clause主语从句subject clause同位语从句appositive clause时间状语从句adverbial clause of time地点状语从句adverbial clause of place方式状语从句adverbial clause of manner让步状语从句adverbial clause of concession原因状语从句adverbial clause of cause结果状语从句adverbial clause of result目的状语从句adverbial clause of purpose条件状语从句adverbial clause of condition真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of real condition非真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of unreal condition含蓄条件句adverbial clause of implied condition错综条件句adverbial clause of mixed condition 句子sentence简单句simple sentence并列句compound sentence复合句complex sentence并列复合句compound complex sentence陈述句declarative sentence疑问句interrogative sentence一般疑问句general question特殊疑问句special question选择疑问句alternative question附加疑问句tag question反义疑问句disjunctive question修辞疑问句rhetorical question感叹疑问句exclamatory question 存在句existential sentence肯定句positive sentence基本句型basic sentence pattern 否定句negative sentence祈使句imperative sentence省略句elliptical sentence感叹句exclamatory sentence句子成分members of sentences 主语subject谓语predicate宾语object双宾语dual object直接宾语direct object间接宾语indirect object复合宾语complex object同源宾语cognate object补语complement主补subject complement宾补object complement表语predicative定语attribute同位语appositive状语adverbial句法关系syntactic relationship并列coordinate从属subordination修饰modification前置修饰pre-modification 后置修饰post-modification 限制restriction双重限制double-restriction 非限制non-restriction数number单数形式singular form复数形式plural form规则形式regular form不规则形式irregular form 格case普通格common case所有格possessive case主格nominative case宾格objective case性gender阳性masculine阴性feminine通性common中性neuter人称person 第一人称first person第二人称second person第三人称third person时态tense过去将来时past future tense过去将来进行时past future continuous tense过去将来完成时past future perfect tense一般现在时present simple tense一般过去时past simple tense一般将来时future simple tense现在完成时present perfect tense过去完成时past perfect tense将来完成时future perfect tense现在进行时present continuous tense过去进行时past continuous tense将来进行时future continuous tense过去将来进行时past future continuous tense现在完成进行时present perfect continuous tense过去完成进行时past perfect continuous tense 语态voice主动语态active voice被动语态passive voice语气mood陈述语气indicative mood祈使语气imperative mood虚拟语气subjunctive mood否定negation否定范围scope of negation全部否定full negation局部否定partial negation转移否定shift of negation语序order自然语序natural order倒装语序inversion全部倒装full inversion部分倒装partial inversion直接引语direct speech间接引语indirect speech自由直接引语free direct speech自由间接引语free indirect speech一致agreement主谓一致subject-predicate agreement 语法一致grammatical agreement概念一致notional agreement就近原则principle of proximity强调emphasis重复repetition 语音pronunciation语调tone升调rising tone降调falling tone降升调falling-rising tone文体style结构structure层次rank正式文体formal非正式文体informal口语spoken/oral English套语formulistic expression 用法usage感情色彩emotional coloring 褒义commendatory贬义derogatory幽默humorous讽刺sarcastic挖苦ironic英国英语British English美国英语American English。
语言学术语英汉对照
语言学术语英汉对照——考@翻译硕士唯一认准@鬼谷一喵第一章phonology音系学grammar语法学morphology形态学syntax句法学lexicology词汇学general linguistics普通语言学theoretical linguistics理论语言学historical linguistics历史语言学descriptive linguistics描写语言学empirical linguistics经验语言学dialectology方言学anthropology人类学stylistics文体学signifier能指signified所指morphs形素morphotactics语素结构学/形态配列学syntactic categories句法范畴syntactic classes句法类别序列sub-structure低层结构super-structure上层结构open syllable开音节closed syllable闭音节checked syllable成阻音节rank 等级level层次ding-dong theory/nativistic theory本能论sing-song theory唱歌说yo-he-ho theory劳动喊声说pooh-pooh theory感叹说ta-ta theory模仿说animal cry theory/bow-wow theory模声说Prague school布拉格学派Bilateral opposition双边对立Mutilateral opposition多边对立Proportional opposition部分对立Isolated opposition孤立对立Private opposition表缺对立Graded opposition渐次对立Equipollent opposition均等对立Neutralizable opposition可中立对立Constant opposition恒定对立Systemic-functional grammar系统功能语法Meaning potential意义潜势Conversational implicature会话含义Deictics指示词Presupposition预设Speech acts言语行为Discourse analysis话语分析Contetualism语境论Phatic communion寒暄交谈Metalanguage原语言Applied linguistics应用语言学Nominalism唯名学派Psychosomatics身学第二章trachea/windpipe气管tip舌尖blade舌叶/舌面front舌前部center舌中部top舌顶back舌后部dorsum舌背root舌跟pharynx喉/咽腔laryngeals喉音laryngealization喉化音vocal cords声带vocal tract声腔initiator启动部分pulmonic airstream mechanism肺气流机制glottalic airstream mechanism喉气流机制velaric airstream mechanism腭气流机制Adam’s apple喉结Voiceless sound清音Voiceless consonant请辅音Voiced sound浊音Voiced consonant浊辅音Glottal stop喉塞音Breath state呼吸状态Voice state带音状态Whisper state耳语状态Closed state封闭状态Alveolar ride齿龈隆骨Dorsum舌背Ejective呼气音Glottalised stop喉塞音Impossive内爆破音Click/ingressive吸气音Segmental phonology音段音系学Segmental phonemes音段音位Suprasegmental超音段Non-segmental非音段Plurisegmental复音段Synthetic language综合型语言Diacritic mark附加符号Broad transcription宽式标音Narrow transcription窄式标音Orthoepy正音法Orthography正字法Etymology词源Active articulator积极发音器官Movable speech organ能动发音器官Passive articulator消极发音器官Immovable speech organ不能动发音器官Lateral边音Approximant [j,w]无摩擦延续音Resonant共鸣音Central approximant中央无摩擦延续音Lateral approximant边无摩擦延续音Unilateral consonant单边辅音Bilateral consonant双边辅音Non-lateral非边音Trill [r]颤音 trilled consonant颤辅音rolled consonant滚辅音Labal-velar唇化软腭音Interdental齿间音Post-dental后齿音Apico-alveolar舌尖齿龈音Dorso-alveolar舌背齿龈音Palato-alveolar后齿龈音Palato-alveolar腭齿龈音Dorso-palatal舌背腭音Pre-palatal前腭音Post-palatal后腭音Velarization软腭音化Voicing浊音化Devoicing清音化Pure vowel纯元音Diphthong二合元音Triphthong三合元音Diphthongization二合元音化Monophthongization单元音化Centring diphthong央二合元音Closing diphthong闭二合元音Narrow diphthong窄二合元音Wide diphthong宽二合元音Phonetic similarity语音相似性Free variant自由变体Free variation自由变异Contiguous assimilation临近同化Juxtapostional assimilation邻接同化Regressive assimilation逆同化Anticipatory assimilation先行同化Progressive assimilation顺同化Reciprocal assimilation互相同化Coalescent assimilation融合同化Partial assimilation部分同化Epenthesis插音Primary stress主重音Secondary stress次重音Weak stress弱重音Stress group重音群Sentence stress句子重音Contrastive stress对比重音Lexical stress词汇重音Word stress词重音Lexical tone词汇声调Nuclear tone核心声调Tonetics声调学Intonation contour语调升降曲线Tone units声调单位Intonology语调学Multilevel phonology多层次音系学Monosyllabic word多音节词Polysyllabic word单音节次Maximal onset principle最大节首辅音原则第三章词汇liaison连音contracted form缩写形式frequency count词频统计a unit of vocabulary词汇单位a lexical item词条a lexeme词位hierarchy层次性lexicogrammar词汇语法morpheme语素nonomorphemic words单语素词polymorphemic words多语素词relative uninterruptibility相对连续性a minimum free form最小自由形式the maximum free form最大自由形式variable words 可变词invariable words不变词paradigm聚合体grammatical words(function words)语法词/功能词lexical words(content words)词汇词/实义词closed-class words封闭类词opened-class words开放类词word class词类particles小品词pro-form代词形式pro-adjective(so)代形容词pro-verb(do/did)代副词pro-adverb(so)代动词pro-locative(there)代处所词/代方位词determiners限定词predeterminers前置限定词central determiners中置限定词post determiners后置限定词ordinal number序数词cardinal number基数词morpheme词素morphology形态学free morpheme自由词素bound morpheme黏着词素root词根affix词缀stem词干root morpheme词根语素prefix前缀infix中缀suffix后缀bound root morpheme黏着词根词素inflectional affix屈折词缀derivational affix派生词缀inflectional morphemes屈折语素derivational morphemes派生语素word-formation构词compound复合词endocentric compound向心复合词exocentric compound离心复合词nominal endocentric compound名词性向心复合词adjective endocentric compound形容词性向心复合词verbal compound动词性复合词synthetic compound综合性复合词derivation派生词morpheme语素phoneme音位morphonology形态语音学morphophomemics形态音位学morphemic structure语素结构phonological structure音素结构monosyllabic单音节polysyllabic多音节phonological conditioned音位的限制morphological conditioned形态的限制coinage/invention新创词语blending混成法abbreviation缩写法acronym首字母缩写法back-formation逆序造次/逆构词法analogical creation类比构词法borrowing借词法loanword借词loanblend混合借词loanshift转移借词loan translation翻译借词loss脱落addition添加metathesis换位assimilation同化contact assimilation接触性同化contiguous assimilation临近性同化theory of least effort省力理论non- contiguous assimilation非临近性同化distant assimilation远距离同化morpho-syntactic change形态-句法变化morphological change形态变化syntactical change句法变化finite element有定成分semantic change语义变化multisemous多种意义broadening词义扩大narrowing词义缩小meaning shift词义转移class shift词性变换folk etymology俗词源orthographic change拼写的变化conversion变换/变码domain范围/领域meaning shift意义转移split infinitives分裂不定式(She was told to regularly classes)calque仿造词语clipping截断法metanalysis再分化finiteness定式proximate(this)近指代词obviative(that)远指代词non-productivity/unproductive非多产性semiotics符号学paradigmatic relations聚合关系associative relations联想关系syntagmatic relations组合关系sequential relations序列关系logogram语标register语域passive vocabulary消极词汇lexis/vocabulary词汇表第四章句法number数gender性case格nominative主格vocative呼格accusative兵格genitive属格dative与格ablative离格tense 时aspect体perfective完成体imperfective未完成体concord/agreement一致关系/协同关系government支配关系the governor支配者the governed被支配者signified能指signifier所指syntagmatic relationship组合关系paradigmatic relationship聚合关系associative relationship联想关系animate noun有生名词the two axes两根坐标坐标轴immediate constituent analysis(IC analysis for short)直接成分分析法linear structure线性结构hierarchical structure层级结构construction结构体constituent成分substituability替换性labeled tree diagram标签树形图endocentric/headed construction向心结构/中心结构exocentric construction离心结构subordinate construction主从结构coordinate construction并列结构recapitulation再现the declarative陈述句the interrogative疑问句dative movement与格移位morph-phonemic rule形态音位规则constituent morphemes成分规则affix hopping词缀越位nominalization名物化object-deletion宾语删除subject-deletion主语删除categories语类lexicon词库temporal subject表时间的主语syntactic limitation句法限制standard theory标准理论trace theory语迹理论the same index带同标志government管辖binding约束a rule system规则系统a principle system原则系统constituent command(C-command for short)成分统制plain English普通英语anaphor照应语pronominal指代语r-expression(referential-expression)指称语INFL(inflection)形态变化reciprocals(each other)相互代词accessible subject可及主语local domain局部语域binding domain约束语域logophoricity主人公视角CS(computational system)计算系统Merger合并move移动theme主位rheme述位empty subject空主语objective order客观顺序subjective order主观顺序actual sentence division实义句子切分法functional sentence perspective 功能句子观communicative dynamism (CD)交际动力bipartition二分法tripartite classification三分法representative function表达功能expressive function表情功能appellative/vocative function称呼功能conative function意欲功能poetic function诗学功能ideational function概念功能interpersonal function人际功能textual function语篇功能transitivity及物性actor动作者mood system语气系统the finite verbal operator限定部分residue剩余部分indicative直陈语气imperative祈使语气mental-process(a process of sensing)心理过程（感觉过程）relational process(a process of being)关系过程（属性过程）verbal process(a process of saying)言语过程（讲话过程）existential process生存过程第四章句法number数gender性case格nominative主格vocative呼格accusative兵格genitive属格dative与格ablative离格tense 时aspect体perfective完成体imperfective未完成体concord/agreement一致关系/协同关系government支配关系the governor支配者the governed被支配者signified能指signifier所指syntagmatic relationship组合关系paradigmatic relationship聚合关系associative relationship联想关系animate noun有生名词the two axes两根坐标坐标轴immediate constituent analysis(IC analysis for short)直接成分分析法linear structure线性结构hierarchical structure层级结构construction结构体constituent成分substituability替换性labeled tree diagram标签树形图endocentric/headed construction向心结构/中心结构exocentric construction离心结构subordinate construction主从结构coordinate construction并列结构recapitulation再现the declarative陈述句the interrogative疑问句dative movement与格移位morph-phonemic rule形态音位规则constituent morphemes成分规则affix hopping词缀越位nominalization名物化object-deletion宾语删除subject-deletion主语删除categories语类lexicon词库temporal subject表时间的主语syntactic limitation句法限制standard theory标准理论trace theory语迹理论the same index带同标志government管辖binding约束a rule system规则系统a principle system原则系统constituent command(C-command for short)成分统制plain English普通英语anaphor照应语pronominal指代语r-expression(referential-expression)指称语INFL(inflection)形态变化reciprocals(each other)相互代词accessible subject可及主语local domain局部语域binding domain约束语域logophoricity主人公视角CS(computational system)计算系统=derivational procedure推导系统Merger合并move移动theme主位rheme述位empty subject空主语objective order客观顺序subjective order主观顺序actual sentence division实义句子切分法functional sentence perspective 功能句子观communicative dynamism (CD)交际动力bipartition二分法tripartite classification三分法representative function表达功能expressive function表情功能。
胡壮麟的语言学术语英汉对照翻译
1. 语言的普遍特征：任意性arbitrariness双层结构duality 既由声音和意义结构多产性productivity移位性displacement:我们能用语言可以表达许多不在场的东西文化传播性cultural transmission2。
语言的功能：传达信息功能informative人济功能：interpersonal行事功能：Performative表情功能：Emotive寒暄功能：Phatic娱乐功能recreational元语言功能metal lingual3. 语言学linguistics：包括六个分支语音学Phonetics音位学phonology形态学Morphology句法学syntax语义学semantics语用学pragmatics4. 现代结构主义语言学创始人：Ferdinand de saussure提出语言学中最重要的概念对之一：语言与言语language and parole ，语言之语言系统的整体，言语则只待某个个体在实际语言使用环境中说出的具体话语5. 语法创始人：Noam Chomsky提出概念语言能力与语言运用competence and performance1. Which of the following statements can be used to describe displacement. one of the unique properties of language:a. we can easily teach our children to learn a certain languageb. we can use both 'shu' and 'tree' to describe the same thing.c. we can u se language to refer to something not presentd. we can produce sentences that have never been heard before.2.What is the most important function of language?a. interpersonalb. phaticc. informatived.metal lingual3.The function of the sentence "A nice day, isn't it ?"is __a informativeb. phaticc. directived. performative4.The distinction between competence and performance is proposed by __a saussureb. hallidayc. chomskyd. the prague school5. Who put forward the distinction between language and parole?a. saussureb. chomskyc. hallidayd anomymous第二节语音学1.发音器官由声带the vocal cords和三个回声腔组成2.辅音consonant：there is an obstruction of the air stream at some point of the vocal tract.3.辅音的发音方式爆破音complete obstruction鼻音nasals破裂音plosives部分阻塞辅音partial obstruction擦音fricatives破擦音affricates等4.辅音清浊特征voicing辅音的送气特征aspiration5.元音vowel分类标准舌翘位置，舌高和嘴唇的形状6双元音diphthongs,有元音过渡vowel glides1. Articulatory phonetics mainly studies __.a. the physical properties of the sounds produced in speechb. the perception of soundsc. the combination of soundsd. the production of sounds2. The distinction between vowel s and consonants lies in __a. the place of articulationb.the obstruction f airstreamc. the position of the tongued. the shape of the lips3. What is the common factor of the three sounds: p, k ta. voicelessb. spreadc.voicedd.nasal4. What phonetic feature distinguish the p in please and the p in speak?a. voicingb. aspirationc.roundnessd. nasality5.Which of the following is not a distinctive feature in English?a. voicingb.nasalc. approximationd. aspiration6.The phonological features of the consonant k are __a. voiced stopb. voiceless stopc. voiced fricatived. voiceless fricative7.p is dirverent from k in __a. the manner of articulationb. the shape of the lipsc. the vibration of the vocal cordsd.the place of articualtion8.Vibration of the vocal cords results in __a. aspirationb.nasalityc. obstructiond. voicing第三节音位学phonology1.音位学与语音学的区别：语音学着重于语音的自然属性，主要关注所有语言中人可能发出的所有声音；音位学则强调语音的社会功能，其对象是某一种语言中可以用来组合成词句的那些语音。
胡的语言学术语英汉对照翻译表
胡的语言学术语英汉对照翻译表（很全的）1. 语言的普遍特征：任意性arbitrariness双层结构duality 既由声音和意义结构多产性productivity移位性displacement:我们能用语言可以表达许多不在场的东西文化传播性cultural transmission2。
语言的功能：传达信息功能informative人济功能：interpersonal行事功能：Performative表情功能：Emotive寒暄功能：Phatic娱乐功能recreatinal元语言功能metalingual3. 语言学linguistics：包括六个分支语音学Phonetics音位学phonology形态学Morphology句法学syntax语义学semantics语用学pragmatics4. 现代结构主义语言学创始人：Ferdinand de saussure提出语言学中最重要的概念对之一：语言与言语language and parole ，语言之语言系统的整体，言语则只待某个个体在实际语言使用环境中说出的具体话语5. 语法创始人：Noam Chomsky提出概念语言能力与语言运用competence and performance1. Which of the following statements can be used to describe displacement. one of the unique properties of language:a. we can easily teach our children to learn a certain languageb. we can use both 'shu' and 'tree' to describe the same thing.c. we can u se language to refer to something not presentd. we can produce sentences that have never been heard before.2.What is the most important function of language?a. interpersonalb. phaticc. informatived.metallingual3.The function of the sentence "A nice day, isn't it ?"is __a informativeb. phaticc. directived. performative4.The distinction between competence and performance is proposed by __a saussureb. hallidayc. chomskyd. the prague school5. Who put forward the distinction between language and parole?a. saussureb. chomskyc. hallidayd anomymous第二节语音学1.发音器官由声带the vocal cords和三个回声腔组成2.辅音consonant：there is an obstruction of the air stream at some point of the vocal tract.3.辅音的发音方式爆破音complete obstruction鼻音nasals破裂音plosives部分阻塞辅音partial obstruction擦音fricatives破擦音affricates等4.辅音清浊特征voicing辅音的送气特征aspiration5.元音vowel分类标准舌翘位置，舌高和嘴唇的形状6双元音diphthongs,有元音过渡vowel glides1. Articulatory phonetics mainly studies __.a. the physical properties of the sounds produced in speechb. the perception of soundsc. the combination of soundsd. the production of sounds2. The distinction between vowel s and consonants lies in __a. the place of articulationb.the obstruction f airstreamc. the position of the tongued. the shape of the lips3. What is the common factor of the three sounds: p, k ta. voicelessb. spreadc.voicedd.nasal4. What phonetic feature distinguish the p in please and the p in speak?a. voicingb. aspirationc.roundnessd. nasality5.Which of the following is not a distinctive feature in English?a. voicingb.nasalc. approximationd. aspiration6.The phonological features of the consonant k are __a. voiced stopb. voiceless stopc. voiced fricatived. voiceless fricative7.p is divverent from k in __a. the manner of articulationb. the shape of the lipsc. the vibration of the vocal cordsd.the palce of articualtion8.Vibration of the vocal cords results in __a. aspirationb.nasalityc. obstructiond. voicing第三节音位学phonology1.音位学与语音学的区别：语音学着重于语音的自然属性，主要关注所有语言中人可能发出的所有声音；音位学则强调语音的社会功能，其对象是某一种语言中可以用来组合成词句的那些语音。
英汉对照手语语言学词汇
英汉对照手语语言学词汇龚群虎Active hand主动手American Sign Language(ASL)美国手语Australian sign language(Auslan)澳大利亚手语Base hand基手Body location身体位置British sign language(BSL)英国手语Canadian sign language加拿大手语Character signs仿字Cherology手语音系学（ William Stokoe 术语）Chinese Sign Language(CSL)中国手语Classifier类标记Compound signs复合手势Contact signing手势接触Cued speech提示性看话Contact signing接触性手语Danish sign language丹麦手语Deaf community聋人群体Deaf-blind signers盲聋手语者Deafness耳聋Dez(designator)手形Dominant hand主手Double articulation双重发音Double-hand sign双手手势Dutch sign language荷兰手语Eye gaze注视Facial expression面部表情Facial expression面部表情Filipino Sign language菲律滨手语Finger combination手指组合Finger spelled sign指拼手势Fingerspelling loans手指语借词Fingerspelling手指语；指拼French Sign Language法国手语Gaullaudet Univesity(美国 )加劳德特大学German Sign Language德国手语Glossing注解Hand arrangement手的搭配Hand configuration (HC)手形配置Handshape assimilation手形同化Head movement头部运动Head nod点头Headshake摇头Hold matrix持矩阵Hold（手形）保持Hong Kong sign languages香港手语Iconicity象似性Indexical sign指示手势Indopakistani sign language印度巴基斯坦手语International Sign国际手语Irish sign language爱尔兰手语Israeli Sign Language以色列手语Italian sign language意大利手语Japanese Sign Language日本手语L' Epée (AbbéC. M. de L' Epée)莱佩Lexical signs手势词Lipreading看话；读唇Loan sign手语借词Loan translation仿译Loans in sign languages手语借词Location位置Manual alphabet手指字母Manualism（聋人）手语教学法Manually coded English (MCE)手势编码英语Methodical signsMouthing口型 /口动Movement epenthesis动增手形Movement matrix动矩阵Movement动作Movement-hold model动持理论Name sign专名手势New Zealand Sign Language新西兰手语Nicaraguan sign language尼加拉瓜手语Non-dominant hand辅手Non-manual features表情体态特征Non-manual markers表情体态标记Non-manuals表情体态One-handed sign单手手势Oralism（聋人）口语教学法Ori(orientation)方向Palm orientation手掌方向Pantamime哑剧 ;哑剧式比画Passive hand被动手Pidgin sign English皮钦英文手语Place sign地名手势Plays on signs手语语言游戏Pointing sign指示手势Sig(signation)运动Sign creation手语造词Sign errors手语语言失误Sign families手语词族 ?Sign form手势形式Sign formation手势的构成Sign language acquisition手语习得Sign language dialect手语方言Sign language linguistics手语语言学Sign language手语Sign linguistics手语语言学Sign order手势顺序Sign variation手势变异Sign手势Signed English手势英语Signed Exact English精确手势力英语Signer打手语者Signing space手势空间Simiplex sign单纯手势Size-and-shape specifiersSlips of the hands手语失误South Africa sign language南非手语Stokoe(Willam C. Stokoe)斯多基Strong hand强手Swedish sign language瑞典手语Tab(Lat. tabula)位置Taiwan sign language台湾手语Total communication综合式沟通Two-handed sign双手手势Variation in sign language手语变体Visual motivation视觉理据Weak hand弱手Classifier predicate类标记谓语Visual- gestural modality视觉 -手势形式Deaf culture聋人文化Sign morphology手语词法Sign phonology手语音系学Sign syntax手语句法Sign language notation手语表示法Sign language structure手语结构Sign language grammar手语语法Brow raise扬眉Brow furrow皱眉Classifier verb类标记动词Classifier handshape类标记手形Proform classifier代形式类标记Deictic sign指代手势HamNoSys汉堡转写体系Marked handshape有标记手形Unmarked handshape无标记手形Head tilt歪头Dominance condition优势条件Body shift身体移动Wh-sign特指疑问手势Numerical sign数字手势Total communication综合交际法Bilingualism双语的 ;(聋人 )双语教学 ; Body classfier身体类标记Closed handshape闭手形Finger spelled loan指拼借词Handshape sequence constraint手形序列限制Korean sign language韩国手语Russian sign language俄罗斯手语Open handshape开手形Sequentiality序列性Simultaneity同时性Unidirectional movement单向运动Handshape change手形变化Italicized sign义类手形 ?Facial morphemes面部表情语素Sign order手势语序。
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英汉语言学词汇对照表abbreviationablativeabruptaccentaccusativeacoustic phonetics acquisitionaction verbactiveactive chart parser active knowledge active verbactor-action-goal actualizationacuteaddressadequacyadjacency pair adjectiveadjunctadjunctionadverbadverbial idiom affectiveaffirmativeaffixaffixationaffricateagentagentive-action verb agglutinative agreementAI (artificial intelligence) AI languageAlgebraic Linguistics algorithmalienablealignmentallo-allomorphallophonealpha notation alphabetic writing alternation 缩写[省略语 ]夺格 (的)突发音口音 /{Phonetics} 重音受格（的）声学语音学习得动作动词主动语态活动图句法剖析程序主动知识主动动词施事 (者)-动作 -目标实现 (化)锐音地址 { 信息科学 }/ 称呼（语） { 语言学 }妥善性邻对形容词附加语[ 附加修饰语 ]加接副词副词词组影响的肯定（的；式）词缀加缀塞擦音施事施事动作动词胶着（性）对谐人工智能[人工智能 ]人工智能语言[人工智能语言 ]代数语言学算法[算法 ]可分割的对照 [多国语言文章词；词组；句子翻译的 ] 同位 -同位语素同位音位alpha 标记拼音文字交替alveolar齿龈音ambiguity歧义ambiguity resolution歧义消解ambiguous歧义American structuralism美国结构主义analogy类推analyzable可分析的anaphor照应语 [ 前方照应词 ] animate有生的A-not-A question正反问句antecedent先行词anterior舌前音anticipation预期 (音变 ) antonym反义词antonymy反义A-over-A A- 上-A 原则apposition同位语appositive construction同位结构appropriate恰当的approximant无擦通音approximate match近似匹配arbitrariness任意性archiphoneme大音位argument论元 [变元 ] argument structure论元结构[变元结构 ] arrangement配列array数组articulatory configuration发音结构articulatory phonetics发音语音学artificial intelligence (AI)人工智能[人工智能 ] artificial language人工语言ASCII美国标准信息交换码aspect态 [体]aspirant气音aspiration送气assign指派assimilation同化association关联associative phrase联想词组asterisk标星号ATN (augmented transition network)扩充转移网络attested经证实的attribute属性attributive属性auditory phonetics听觉语音学augmented transition network扩充转移网络automatic document classification自动文件分类automatic indexing自动索引automatic segmentation自动切分automatic training自动训练automatic word segmentation自动分词automaton自动机autonomous自主的auxiliary助动词axiom公理baby-talk儿语back-formation逆生构词 (法)backtrack回溯Backus-Naur Form巴科斯诺尔形式 [ 巴科斯诺尔范式 ] backward deletion逆向删略ba-construction把─字句balanced corpus平衡语料库base词基Bayesian learning贝式学习Bayesian statistics贝式统计behaviorism行为主义belief system信念系统benefactive受益（格；的）best first parser最佳优先句法剖析器bidirectional linked list双向串行bigram双连词bilabial双唇音bilateral双边的bilingual concordancer双语关键词前后文排序程序binary feature双向特征 [二分征性 ]binding约束bit位 [二进制制 ;比特 ]biuniqueness双向唯一性blade舌叶blend省并词block封阻[封杀]Bloomfieldian布隆菲尔德 (学派 )的body language肢体语言Boolean lattice布尔网格 [布尔网格 ]borrow借移Bottom-up由下而上bottom-up parsing由下而上剖析bound附着（的）bound morpheme附着语素 [黏着语素 ]boundary marker界线标记boundary symbol界线符号bracketing方括号法branching分枝法breadth-first search广度优先搜寻 [宽度优先搜索 ]breath group换气单位breathy气息音的buffer缓冲区byte字节CAI (Computer Assisted Instruction)计算机辅助教学CALL (computer assisted language计算机辅助语言学习learning)canonical典范的capacity能力cardinal基数的cardinal vowels基本元音case格位case frame格位框架Case Grammar格位语法case marking格位标志CAT (computer assisted translation)计算机辅助翻译cataphora下指Categorial Grammar范畴语法Categorial Unification Grammar范畴连并语法 [范畴合一语法 ] causative使动causative verb使役动词causativity使役性centralization央元音化chain炼chart parsing表式剖析[图表句法分析 ] checked受阻的checking验证Chinese character code中文编码[汉字代码 ]Chinese character code for information中文信息交换码 [ 汉字交换码 ] interchangeChinese character coding input method中文输入法[汉字编码输入 ] choice选择Chomsky hierarchy杭士基阶层[Chomsky 层次结构 ] citation form基本形式CKY algorithm (Cocke-Kasami-Younger)CKY 算法classifier类别词cleft sentence分裂句click啧音clitic附着词closed world assumption封闭世界假说cluster音群Cocke-Kasami-Younger algorithm CKY 算法coda音节尾code conversion代码变换cognate同源（的；词）Cognitive Linguistics认知语言学coherence一致性cohesion凝结性 [ 黏着性 ;结合力 ]collapse合并collective集合的collocation连用语 [ 同现 ;搭配 ]combinatorial construction合并结构combinatorial insertion合并中插combinatorial word合并词Combinatory Categorial Grammar组合范畴语法comment评论commissive许诺[语行]common sense semantics常识语意学Communication Theory通讯理论 [通讯论 ;信息论 ]Comparative Linguistics比较语言学comparison比较competence语言知能compiler编译器complement补语complementary互补complementary distribution互补分布complementizer补语标记complex predicate复杂谓语complex stative construction复杂状态结构complex symbol复杂符号complexity复杂度component成分compositionality语意合成性 [合成性 ]compound word复合词Computational Lexical Semantics计算词汇语意学Computational Lexicography计算词典编纂学Computational Linguistics计算语言学Computational Phonetics计算语音学Computational Phonology计算声韵学Computational Pragmatics计算语用学Computational Semantics计算语意学Computational Syntax计算句法学computer language计算器语言computer-aided translation计算机辅助翻译 [ 计算器辅助翻译 ] computer-assisted instruction (CAI)计算机辅助教学computer-assisted language learning计算机辅助语言学习 [计算器辅助语言学习 ] concatenation串联concept classification概念分类concept dependency概念依存conceptual hierarchy概念阶层concord谐和concordance关键词 ( 前后文 ) 排序concordancer关键词 ( 前后文 ) 排序的程序concurrent parsing并行句法剖析conditional decisionconjoinconjunctionconjunctiveconnected speechConnectionist modelConnectionist model for natural language connotationconsonantconstituentconstituent structure treeconstraintconstraint propagation constraint-based grammar formalism Construct Grammar content wordcontextcontext-free languagecontext-sensitive languagecontinuantcontinuous speechrecognition contractioncontrol agreement principlecontrol structurecontrol theoryconventionconvergenceconversational implicatureconversecooccurrence relationco-operative principlecoordinationcopulaco-referenceco-referentialcoronalcorporacorpusCorpus Linguisticscorpus-based learningcorrelationcounter-intuitivecoursewarecoverbC-structuredata compressiondata driven analysis 条件决定[条件决策 ]连接连接词( 合取 ;逻辑积 ;" 与 "; 连词 )连接的连续语言类神经网络模型自然语言类神经网络模型 [自然语言连接模型 ] 隐涵意义子音[辅音 ]成分词组结构树限制限制条件的传递 [ 限定因素增殖 ]限制为本的语法形式句构语法实词语境语境自由语言[上下文无关语言]语境限定语言（上下文有关语言 ;上下文敏感语言）连续音连续语音识别缩约控制一致原理控制结构控制论约定俗成 [规约 ]收敛 [ 趋同现象 ]会话含义相反（词 ;的）共现关系[同现关系 ]合作原则对称连接词[同等 ;并列连接 ]系词同指涉[互指]同指涉前舌音语料库语料库语料库语言学语料库为本的学习相关性违反语感的课程软件[课件 ]动介词成分结构数据压缩[数据压缩 ]数据驱动型分析[ 数据驱动型分析 ]data structuredatabasedatabase knowledge representation data-drivendativedeclarative knowledge decompositiondeductive databasedefaultdefiniteDefinite Clause Grammardefinite state automatonDefinite State Grammar definitenessdegree adverbdegree of freedomdeixisdelimiterdenotationdenotic logicdependencyDependency Grammar dependency relationdepth-first searchderivationderivational bound morpheme Descriptive Grammar Descriptive Linguistics desiderativedeterminerdeterministic algorithm deterministic finite state automaton deterministic parser developmental psychology Diachronic Linguisticsdiacriticdialectologydictionary databasedictionary entrydigital processingdiglossiadigraphdiminutivediphonedirected acyclic graph disambiguationdiscourse 数据结构[数据结构 ]数据库[ 数据库 ]数据库知识表示 [ 数据库知识表示 ] 数据驱动 [数据驱动 ]与格陈述性知识分解演译数据库[演译数据库 ]默认值[ 默认 ;缺省 ]定指确定子句语法有限状态自动机有限状态语法定指程度副词自由度指示定界符号[定界符 ]外延符号逻辑依存关系依存关系语法依存关系深度优先搜寻派生派生性附着语素描述型语法[描写语法 ]描述语言学[描写语言学 ]意愿的限定词决定型算法[确定性算法 ]决定型有限状态机决定型语法剖析器 [确定性句法剖析程序 ] 发展心理学历时语言学附加符号方言学辞典数据库[词点数据库 ]辞典条目数字处理[数值处理 ]双言二合字母指小词双连音有向非循环图消除歧义[歧义消除 ]篇章discourse analysisdiscourse planningDiscourse RepresentationTheory discourse strategydiscourse structurediscretedisjunctiondissimilationdistributeddistributed cooperative reasoning distributed text parsing disyllabicditransitive verbdivergenceD-M (Determiner-Measure) construction D-N (determiner-noun) construction document retrieval systemdomain dependencydouble insertiondouble-basedowngradingdummydurationdynamic programmingEarley algorithmechoegressiveejectiveelectronic dictionaryelementary stringellipsisEM algorithmembeddingemicempiricismEmpty Category Principleempty wordencliticsend userendocentricendophoraentailmententityentropyentryepisodic memoryepistemological network 篇章分析[言谈分析 ]篇章规划篇章表征理论 [言谈表示理论 ] 言谈策略言谈结构离散的选言异化分布式的分布协调型推理分布式文本剖析双音节的双宾动词 [双宾语动词 ;双及物动词 ] 扩散[分化]定量结构定名结构文件检索系统[文献检索系统 ]领域依存性[领域依存关系 ]交互中插双基降级虚位音长 { 语音学 }/ 时段 { 语法学 /语意学 } 动态规划Earley 算法回声句呼气音紧喉音电子词典基本字符串[基本单词串 ]省略EM 算法崁入功能关系的经验论虚范畴原则[空范畴原理 ]虚词后接成份终端用户[最终用户 ]同心的语境照应蕴涵实体熵条目情节性记忆认识论网络ergative verb作格动词ergativity作格性Esperando世界语etic无功能关系etymology词源学event事件event driven control事件驱动型控制example-based machine translation以例句为本的机器翻译exclamation感叹exclusive disjunction排它性逻辑“或”experiencer case经验者格expert system专家系统extension外延external argument域外论元extraposition移外变形[外置转换 ]facility value易度值feature特征feature bundle特征束feature co-occurrence restriction特征同现限制 [特性同现限制 ] feature instantiation特征体现feature structure特征结构[特性结构 ]feature unification特征连并[特性合一 ]feedback回馈felicity condition妥适条件file structure档案结构finite automaton有限状态机[有限自动机 ]finite state有限状态Finite State Morphology有限状态构词法 [ 有限状态词法 ] finite-state automata有限状态自动机finite-state language有限状态语言finite-state machine有限状态机finite-state transducer有限状态置换器flap闪音flat降音foreground information前景讯息[前景信息 ]Formal Language Theory形式语言理论Formal Linguistics形式语言学Formal Semantics形式语意学forward inference前向推理[向前推理 ]forward-backward algorithm前前后后算法frame框架frame based knowledge representation框架型知识表示Frame Theory框架理论free morpheme自由语素Fregean principle Fregean 原则fricative擦音F-structure功能结构full text searchingfunction wordFunctional Grammarfunctional programmingfunctional sentence perspective functional structurefunctional unificationfunctorfundamental frequencygarden path sentenceGB (Government and Binding) geminategenderGeneralized Phrase Structure Grammar Generative Grammar Generative Linguisticsgenericgenetic epistemologygenetive markergenitivegerundGovernment and Binding Theory GPSG (Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar)gradabilitygrammar checkergrammatical affixgrammatical categorygrammatical functiongrammatical inferencegrammatical relationgraphemehaplologyheadhead driven phrase structurehead feature conventionHead-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar heteronymheuristic parsingHeuristicshidden Markov modelhierarchical structureholophrasehomographhomonymhomophonehomophony 全文检索功能词功能语法函数型程序设计 [ 函数型程序设计 ] 功能句子观功能结构功能连并[功能合一 ]功能符基频花园路径句管辖约束重迭音性概化词组结构语法 [广义短语结构语法 ] 衍生语法衍生语言学[生成语言学 ]泛指发生认识论属格标记属格动名词管辖约束理论概化词组结构语法[广义短语结构语法]可分级性文法检查器语法词缀语法范畴语法功能文法推论语法关系字素类音删略中心语中心语驱动词组结构[中心词驱动词组结构] 中心语特征继承原理[中心词特性继承原理] 中心语驱动词组结构律同形经验式句法剖析经验知识隐式马可夫模型阶层结构[层次结构 ]单词句同形异义词同音异义词同音词同音异义homorganic同部位音的Horn clause Horn 子句HPSG (Head-Driven Phrase Structure中心语驱动词组结构语法Grammar)human-machine interface人机界面hypernym上位词hypertext超文件 [ 超文本 ]hyponym下位词hypotactic主从结构的IC (immediate constituent)直接成份ICG (Information-based Case Grammar)讯息为本的格位语法idiom成语 [熟语 ]idiosyncrasy特异性illocutionary施为性immediate constituent直接成份imperative祈使句implicative predicate蕴含谓词implicature含意indexical标引的indirect object间接宾语indirect speech act间接言谈行动 [间接言语行为 ]Indo-European language印欧语言inductional inference归纳推理inference machine推理机器infinitive不定词 [to不定式 ]infix中缀inflection/inflexion屈折变化inflectional affix屈折词缀information extraction信息撷取information processing信息处理[信息处理 ]information retrieval信息检索Information Science信息科学[信息科学 ; 情报科学 ] Information Theory信息论 [ 信息论 ]inherent feature固有特征inherit继承inheritance继承inheritance hierarchy继承阶层[继承层次 ]inheritance of attribute属性继承innateness position语法天生假说insertion中插inside-outside algorithm里里外外算法instantiation体现instrumental (case)工具格integrated parser集成句法剖析程序integrated theory of discourse analysis篇章分析综合理论 [言谈分析综合理论 ] intelligence intensive production知识密集型生产intensifier加强成分intensional logicIntensional Semanticsintensional typeinterjection/exclamationinter-levelinterlinguainterlingualinterlocutorinternaliseInternational Phonetic Association (IPA) internetInterpretive Semanticsintonationintonation unit (IU)IPA (International Phonetic Association) IR (information retrieval)IS-A relationisomorphismIU (intonation unit)junctionkeyword in contextkinesicsknowledge acquisitionknowledge baseknowledge based machine translation knowledge extractionknowledge representationKWIC (keyword in context)labellabiallabio-dentallabio-velarLAD (language acquisition device)laglanguage acquisitionlanguage acquisition devicelanguage engineeringlanguage generationlanguage intuition languagemodel language technologyleft-corner parsing lemmalenisletter-to-phonelexemelexical ambiguity 内含逻辑内涵语意学内含类型感叹词中间成分中介语言中介语 (的）对话者内化国际语音学会因特网诠释性语意学语调语调单位国际语音学会信息检索IS-A 关系同形现象语调单位连接上下文中关键词 [上下文内关键词 ] 体势学知识习得知识库知识为本之机器翻译知识撷取[知识题取 ]知识表示关键词前后文[上下文内关键词]标签唇音唇齿音软颚唇音语言习得装置发声延迟语言习得语言习得装置语言工程语言生成语感语言模型语言科技左角落剖析[左角句法剖析 ]词元弱辅音字转音词汇单位词汇歧义lexical category词类lexical conceptual structure词汇概念结构lexical entry词项lexical entry selection standard选词标准lexical integrity词语完整性Lexical Semantics词汇语意学Lexical-Functional Grammar词汇功能语法Lexicography词典学Lexicology词汇学lexicon词汇库 [ 词典 ;词库 ]lexis词汇层LF (logical form)逻辑形式LFG (Lexical-Functional Grammar)词汇功能语法liaison连音linear bounded automaton线性有限自主机linear precedence线性次序lingua franca共通语linguistic decoding语言译码linguistic unit语言单位linked list串行loan外来语local局部的localism方位主义localizer方位词locus model轨迹模型locution惯用语logic逻辑logic array network逻辑数组网络logic programming逻辑程序设计[逻辑程序设计 ] logical form逻辑形式logical operator逻辑算子 [逻辑算符 ]Logic-Based Grammar逻辑为本语法[基于逻辑的语法 ] long term memory长期记忆longest match principle最长匹配原则[最长一致法 ]LR (left-right) parsing LR 剖析machine dictionary机器词典machine language机器语言machine learning机器学习machine translation机器翻译machine-readable dictionary (MRD)机读辞典Macrolinguistics宏观语言学Markov chart马可夫图Mathematical Linguistics数理语言学maximum entropy最大熵M-D (modifier-head) construction偏正结构mean length of utterance (MLU)语句平均长度measure of information讯习测度 [信息测度 ]memory based根据记忆的mental lexicon心理词汇库mental model心理模型mental process心理过程 [智力过程 ;智力处理 ] metalanguage超语言metaphor隐喻metaphorical extension隐喻扩展metarule律上律 [ 元规则 ]metathesis语音易位Microlinguistics微观语言学middle structure中间式结构minimal pair最小对Minimalist Program微言主义MLU (mean length of utterance)语句平均长度modal情态词modal auxiliary情态助动词modal logic情态逻辑modifier修饰语Modular Logic Grammar模块化逻辑语法modular parsing system模块化句法剖析系统modularity模块性 (理论 )module模块monophthong单元音monotonic单调monotonicity单调性Montague Grammar蒙泰究语法 [蒙塔格语法 ]mood语气morpheme词素morphological affix构词词缀morphological decomposition语素分解morphological pattern词型morphological processing词素处理morphological rule构词律 [ 词法规则 ] morphological segmentation语素切分Morphology构词学Morphophonemics词音学 [ 形态音位学 ;语素音位学 ] morphophonological rule形态音位规则Morphosyntax词句法Motor Theory肌动理论movement移位MRD (machine-readable dictionary)机读辞典MT (machine translation)机器翻译multilingual processing system多语讯息处理系统multilingual translation多语翻译multimedia多媒体multi-media communication多媒体通讯multiple inheritance多重继承multistate logicmutationmutual exclusionmutual informationnativist positionnatural languagenatural language processing (NLP) natural language understanding negationnegative sentenceneologismnested structurenetworkneural network Neurolinguisticsneutralizationn-gramn-gram modelingNLP (natural language processing) nodenominalizationnoncenon-finitenon-finite clausenon-monotonic reasoning normal distributionnounnoun phraseNP (noun phrase) completeness objectobject oriented programming official language one-place predicate on-line dictionary onomatopoeiaonsetontogenyOntologyopen setoperandoptimization overgeneralization overgenerationparadigmatic relation paralanguageparallel constructionParallel Corpus 多态逻辑语音转换互斥相互讯息语法天生假说自然语言自然语言处理自然语言理解否定否定句新词语崁套结构网络类神经网络神经语言学中立化n-连词n-连词模型自然语言处理节点名物化暂用的非限定非限定式子句非单调推理常态分布名词名词组名词组完全性宾语 { 语言学 }/ 对象 { 信息科学 }对象导向程序设计 [面向对向的程序设计 ] 官方语言一元述语在线查询词典[联机词点 ]拟声词节首音个体发生本体论开放集操作数[ 操作对象 ]最佳化[ 最优化 ]过度概化过度衍生聚合关系附语言并列结构平行语料库parallel distributed processing (PDP)平行分布处理paraphrase转述 [释意 ;意译 ;同意互训 ] parole言语parser剖析器 [ 句法剖析程序 ] parsing剖析part of speech (POS)词类particle语助词PART-OF relation PART-OF 关系part-of-speech tagging词类标注pattern recognition型样识别P-C (predicate-complement) insertion述补中插PDP (parallel distributed processing)平行分布处理perception知觉perceptron感觉器 [ 感知器 ] perceptual strategy感知策略performative行为句periphrasis用独立词表达perlocutionary语效性的permutation移位Petri Net Grammar Petri 网语法philology语文学phone语音phoneme音素phonemic analysis因素分析phonemic stratum音素层Phonetics语音学phonogram音标Phonology声韵学 [ 音位学 ;广义语音学 ] Phonotactics音位排列理论phrasal verb词组动词[短语动词 ] phrase词组 [短语 ]phrase marker词组标记[短语标记 ]pitch音调pitch contour调形变化Pivot Grammar枢轴语法pivotal construction承轴结构plausibility function可能性函数PM (phrase marker)词组标记[短语标记 ] polysemy多义性POS-tagging词类标记postposition方位词PP (preposition phrase) attachment介词依附Pragmatics语用学Precedence Grammar优先级语法precision精确度predicate述词predicate calculus述词计算predicate logicpredicate-argument structure prefixpremodification prepositionPrescriptive Linguistics presentative sentence presuppositionPrinciple of Compositionality privativeprobabilistic parser problem solvingprogramprogramming language proofreading system proper nameprosodyprototypepseudo-cleft sentence Psycholinguistics punctuationpushdown automata pushdown transducer qualificationquantificationquantifierQuantitative Linguistics question answering system queueradicalradix of tuplerandom access rationalismrationalist (position) reading laboratoryreal timereal time controlrecursive transition network reduplicationreferencereferentreferential indicesreferring expression registerregular languagerelational database 述词逻辑[谓词逻辑 ]述词论元结构前缀前置修饰介词规定语言学[规范语言学 ]引介句前提语意合成性原理二元对立的概率句法剖析程序解决问题程序程序设计语言[程序设计语言 ]校对系统专有名词节律原型准分裂句心理语言学标点符号下推自动机下推转换器后置修饰量化范域词计量语言学问答系统队列字根[词干 ;词根 ;部首 ;偏旁 ]元组数基随机存取理性论理性论立场[唯理论观点 ]阅读实验室实时实时控制[实时控制 ]递归转移网络重迭词[重复]指涉指称对象指标指涉词[ 指示短语 ]缓存器 [ 寄存器 ]{ 信息科学 }/ 调高 { 语音学 }/ 语言的场合层级 { 社会语言学 }正规语言[正则语言 ]关系型数据库[关系数据库 ]relative clauserelaxation methodrelevanceRestricted Logic Grammar resumptive pronounsretroactive inhibitionrewriting rulerhemerhetorical structurerhetoricsrobustrobust processingrobustnessschemaschool grammarscopescriptsearch mechanismsearch spacesearching routesecond order predicate segmentationsegmentation markerselectional restrictionsemantic fieldsemantic framesemantic networksemantic representationsemantic representationlanguage semantic restriction semantic structureSemanticssememeSemioticssendersensorimotor stagesensory informationsentencesentence generatorsentence patternseparation of homonymssequenceserial order learningserial verb constructionset oriented semantic networkSGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language)关系子句松弛法相关性受限逻辑语法复指代词逆抑制重写规则述位修辞结构修辞学强健性强健性处理强健性基朴教学语法范域[作用域 ;范围 ]脚本检索机制检索空间检索路径[搜索路径 ]二阶述词分词分段标志选择限制语意场语意架构语意网络语意表征[语义表示 ]语意表征语言语意限制语意结构语意学意素符号学发送者感觉运动期感官讯息[感觉信息 ]句子句子产生器[句子生成程序 ]句型同音词区分序列顺序学习连动结构集合导向型语意网络 [面向集合型语意网络 ] 结构化通用标记语言shift-reduce parsing替换简化式剖析short term memory短程记忆sign信号signal processing technology信号处理技术simple word单纯词situation情境Situation Semantics情境语意学situational type情境类型social context社会环境sociolinguistics社会语言学software engineering软件工程[软件工程 ]sort排序speaker-independent speech recognition非特定语者语音识别spectrum频谱speech口语speech act assignment言语行为指定speech continuum言语连续体speech disorder语言失序[言语缺失 ]speech recognition语音辨识speech retrieval语音检索speech situation言谈情境[言语情境 ]speech synthesis语音合成speech translation system语音翻译系统speech understanding system语音理解系统spreading activation model扩散激发模型standard deviation标准差Standard Generalized Markup Language标准通用标示语言start-bound complement接头词state of affairs algebra事态代数state transition diagram状态转移图statement kernel句核static attribute list静态属性表statistical analysis统计分析Statistical Linguistics统计语言学statistical significance统计意义stem词干stimulus-response theory刺激反应理论stochastic approach to parsing概率式句法剖析 [ 句法剖析的随机方法 ] stop爆破音Stratificational Grammar阶层语法[层级语法 ]string字符串 [串；字符串 ]string manipulation language字符串操作语言string matching字符串匹配[字符串 ]structural ambiguity结构歧义Structural Linguistics结构语言学structural relation结构关系structural transfer结构转换structuralismstructurestructure sharing representation subcategorizationsubjunctivesublanguagesubordinatesubordinate clause subordinationsubstitution rulesubstratesuffixsuperordinatesuperstratumsuppletionsuprasegmental syllabificationsyllablesyllable structure constraint symbolization and verbalization synchronic synonymsyntactic categorysyntactic constituentsyntactic ruleSyntactic SemanticssyntagmsyntagmaticSyntaxSystemic Grammartagtarget languagetask sharingtautologytaxonomical hierarchy telescopic compoundtemplatetemporal inferencetemporal logictemporal markertenseterminologytexttext analyzingtext coherencetext generationText Linguistics 结构主义结构结构共享表征次类划分[下位范畴化 ]假设的子语言从属关系从属子句[从句 ;子句 ]从属代换规则[置换规则 ]底层语言后缀上位的上层语言异型 [ 不规则词型变化 ]超音段的音节划分音节音节结构限制符号化与字句化同步的同义词句法类别句法成分语法规律[句法规则 ]句法语意学句段组合关系[结构段的 ;组合的 ]句法系统语法标记目标语言[目标语言 ]课题分享[任务共享 ]套套逻辑 [恒真式 ;重言式 ;同义反复 ] 分类阶层 [分类层次 ]套装合并模板循序推理[时序推理 ]时间逻辑[时序逻辑 ]时貌标记时态术语文本文本分析文本一致性文本生成[篇章生成 ]文本语言学text planningtext proofreadingtext retrievaltext structuretext summarizationtext understandingtext-to-speechthematic rolethematic structure theoremthesaurustheta roletheta-gridtokentonetone languagetone sandhitop-downtopictopicalizationtraceTrace Theorytrainingtransactiontranscriptiontransducertransfertransfer approach transfer framework transformation Transformational Grammar transitional state term set transitivitytranslationtranslation equivalence translation memory transparencytreeTree Adjoining Grammar treebanktrigramt-scoreturing machineturing testtypetype/token nodetype-feature structure 文本规划文本校对文本检索文本结构[篇章结构 ]文本自动摘要[篇章摘要 ]文本理解文本转语音题旨角色题旨结构定理同义词辞典题旨角色题旨网格实类[标记项 ]音调音调语言连调变换由上而下[自顶向下 ]主题主题化[ 话题化 ]痕迹痕迹理论训练异动[处理单位 ]转写[抄写 ;速记翻译 ]转换器转移转换方法转换框架变形[转换 ]变形语法[转换语法 ]转移状态项集合及物性翻译翻译等值性翻译记忆透明性树状结构[树 ]树形加接语法[树连接语法 ]树图数据库 [语法关系树库 ]三连词t-数杜林机[ 图灵机 ]杜林测试[图灵试验 ]类型标记类型 /实类节点类型特征结构typologyultimate constituent unbounded dependency underlying formunderlying structureunificationUnification-based Grammar Universal Grammaruniversal instantiation universal quantifierunknown wordunrestricted grammarusage flaguser interfaceValence GrammarValence Theoryvalencyvarianceverbverb phraseverb resultative compound verbal associationverbal phraseverbal productionvernacularV-O construction (verb-object) vocabularyvocabulary entryvocal trackvocativevoice recognitionvowelvowel harmonywaveformweak verbWhorfian hypothesiswordword frequencyword frequencydistribution word orderword segmentationword segmentation standard for Chinese word segmentation unit word setworking memoryworld knowledgewriting system 类型学终端成分无界限依存基底型式基底结构连并[合一 ]连并为本的语法 [ 基于合一的语法 ] 普遍性语法普遍例式全称范域词未知词[ 未定义词 ]非限制型语法使用旗标使用者界面[用户界面 ]结合价语法结合价理论结合价变异数[方差]动词动词组[ 动词短语 ]动补复合词词语联想动词组言语生成本地话动宾结构字汇词条声道呼格声音辨识[语音识别 ]元音元音和谐[元音和谐 ]波形弱化动词Whorfian假说词词频词频分布词序分词中文分词规范分词单位[切词单位 ]词集工作记忆[工作存储区 ]世界知识书写系统X-Bar Theory X 标杠理论["x" 阶理论 ] Zipf's Law利夫规律[齐普夫定律 ]。