Legal and Moral Implications of Cloning 克隆在法律与道德上的影响(中英互译)
新视野第三册第八单元
新视野第三册第八单元Unit 8Section A Legal and Moral Implications of Cloning1. Pre-reading1. 1 Background informationCloning: The process of making a genetically identical organism through nonsexual means. DNA: (deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸) the chemical at the center of the cells of living things which controls the structure and purpose of each cell and carries genetic information during reproduction.1. 2 Topic-related video1. 3 Topic-related discussion2. While-reading2. 1 Global reading2.1.1 Understand the major details of the text1.Could a cloned child share personality characteristics with the original?No, a cloned child and original could only resemble in appearance.2.How would a child feel if he were to be used as an organ donor.He would be psychologically hurt.3.What is the gravest concern about human cloning for society?The creation of a new and disrespected social class: the clones.2.1. 2 Understand organization of the text（五号字，斜体）1)Main idea of the textThe essay focuses on one central theme: the legal and moral implications of cloning. It lists a number of questions about the legal and moral implications that arise from cloning and provides answers to those questions from up-to-date knowledge.2)Text structure analysisPart 1 (Para.1) With the success of cloning an adult mammal, the world was suddenly brought into the reality of human cloning.Part 2 ( Paras.2-3) This part is about the world’s strong and immediate responses in the wake of Wilmut’s announcement.Part 3 (Paras.4-18) This part offers complete or partial answers, from the up-to-date knowledge, to t he six questions on the legal and moral implications of cloning.Part 4(Para.19) This part is intended to reaffirm the author’s opinion that, although the list of questions could go on, people are just beginning to wonder about the future of the world after cloning.2. 2. 1 Words and phrases1）Implication记者们讨论了这场战争的政治含义。
《大学英语(二本)课程教学大纲》
《大学英语》（二本）课程教学大纲课程编号：0502104017 0502104018 0502104019 0502104020课程名称：大学英语（二本）英文名称：College English课程类型：公共基础课总学时：256 讲课学时：192 实验学时：64学分：14适用对象：非英语专业本科生先修课程：一、课程性质、目的和任务本课程是我校非英语专业本科生的一门必修课程。
它的教学目的和任务是培养学生英语综合应用能力，特别是听说能力，使他们在今后工作和社会交往中能用英语有效地进行口头和书面的信息交流，同时增强其自主学习能力、提高综合文化素养，以适应我国经济发展和国际交流的需要。
二、教学基本要求通过本课程的学习，使学生了解英语语言知识与应用技能和跨文化交际等方面的内容，理解学习策略, 掌握语言运用能力和自主学习能力。
大学阶段的英语教学要求分为三个层次，即一般要求、较高要求和更高要求。
这三个不同层次的要求是我校非英语专业本科生经过大学阶段的英语学习与实践应当选择达到的英语水平标准，其中一般要求是每个大学毕业生必须达到的目标，较高要求和更高要求是对那些学有余力、英语基础较好的学生分别设置的。
一般英语能力要求如下：1. 听力理解能力：能听懂英语授课，能听懂日常英语谈话和一般性题材讲座，能基本听懂英语国家慢速英语节目；语速为每分钟130词左右，能掌握其中心大意，抓住要点。
能运用基本的听力技巧帮助理解。
2. 口语表达能力：能在学习过程中用英语交流，并能就某一主题进行讨论，能就日常话题和来自讲英语国家的人士进行交谈，能就所熟悉的话题经准备后作简短发言，表达比较清楚，语音、语调基本正确。
能在交谈中使用基本的会话策略。
3. 阅读理解能力：能够基本读懂一般性题材的英文文章，阅读速度达到每分钟70词，在快速阅读篇幅较长、难度略低的材料时，阅读速度达到每分钟100词，能基本读懂国内英文报刊，掌握中心意思，理解主要事实和有关细节，能读懂工作、生活中常见的应用文体的材料，能在阅读中使用有效的阅读方法。
Legal and Moral Implications of Cloning 克隆在法律与道德上的影响(中英互译)
Legal and Moral Implications of Cloning 克隆在法律与道德上的影响At first it was just plain surprising. Word that scientists succeeded in cloning an adult mammal—an achievement long thought impossible—caught the imagination of everyone. The laboratory process that produced Dolly, an unremarkable-looking sheep, theoretically would work for humans as well. A world with human clones was suddenly within reach. It was science fiction coming to life.起初，这对人们绝对是个震惊。
有消息称科学家已经成功克隆了一只成年哺乳动物，一项长期以来被认为是不可能的成就。
这一传闻引发了每个人的想象。
克隆多莉（一只相貌无奇的绵羊）的实验过程，从理论上说也同样适用于克隆人类。
一个克隆人的世界突然间近在咫尺，科幻小说变成了现实。
In the wake of this announcement, governments hurried to draft guidelines for the unknown, a future filled with incredible possibilities. President Clinton ordered a national commission to study the legal and moral implications of cloning. Leaders in Europe, where most nations already prohibit human cloning, began examining the moral implications of cloning other species.此消息宣布之后，为了一个未知世界，一个充满各种不可思议的可能性的未来，各国政府立即起草指导方针。
新视野大学英语第三册Unit7—Unit10课文梗概
Summary Unit 7A
Bill Gates
This context is about one of the founder of the Microso ---Bill Gates. He has dominated the personal compu ng revolu on and modernized the whole world in the process certainly. How come do you know? His success stems from his personality: blend of brilliance, drive and compe veness, also his mul tasking ability. He runs his company mainly through hard work and new idea, not the poli cs like others. Then, the text introduces the growth history of the Microso . We hope that he will give more surprise to us. Unit 7B
新视野大学英语读写教程第3册课后习题答案
新视野大学英语读写教程第3册课后习题答案Unit 7Section A. A Rose IS a Rose《读写教程 III》: Ex. II, p. 1891. “Red roses say ‘I love you’,” says Gerald Hager.2. They help those people save money.3. Some are dressed in work clothes, and some in expensive suits andovercoats.4. By holding prices down through controlling every link in the rosechain.5. Because of severe foreign competition.6. The trend is that imported roses are sold across the entirebreadth of the industry, from big flower shops to street-corner stands.7. They are trying to work with their overseas rivals instead offighting them.8. A recent frost killed 25% of Col ombia’s rose crop andconsequently U.S. rose growers had the good luck to make a lot more moneyon this Valentine’s Day as there was less competition from overseasrivals.《读写教程Ⅲ》: Ex. Ⅲ, p. 1891. circulates2. distributes3. released4. margin5. launched6. discount7. chased8. bankrupt《读写教程Ⅲ》: Ex. Ⅳ, p. 1901. go out of style2. Opinions ranged from … to3. have left over4. hold down5. go down6. looks like raining7. offered to8. nothing but《读写教程Ⅲ》: Ex. Ⅴ, p. 1901. power2. excitement3. heat4. jobs5. profits6. energy7. electricity8. production《读写教程Ⅲ》: Ex. VI, p. 1911. seaward: going towards the sea2. backward: directed towards the back, the beginning, or the past; returning; behind in development3. earthward: towards the earth4. outward: towards the outside; away; of the outside, appearing to be true but perhaps not really true5. southward: going towards the south6. upward: going up; increasing, getting higher7. homeward: going towards home8. inward: moving towards the inside; (placed) on the inside; of the mind or spirit《读写教程Ⅲ》: Ex. VII, p. 1911. interchangeable2. intermingle3. interconnected4. interdependent5. interplay6. intermarriage7. interpersonal8. interactive《读写教程Ⅲ》: Ex. VIII, p. 1921. looked as if she had been through some terrible famine2. as if it was his birthday3. as if she knew me4. as if they spent a fortune5. as if I were mad《读写教程Ⅲ》: Ex. Ⅸ, p. 1921. I passed him a large glass of whisky, which he drank immediately.2. Last year, some farmers in the village raised chickens and ducks, which grew very well.3. Yesterday Tom went to a birthday party, which was held by Lucy’s parents for Lucy’s 15th birthday.4. The whole evening Amy was talking about her latest book, of which none of the people present had ever heard.5. The small man in the raincoat, whom nobody recognized, turned out to be Olivia’s first husband.《读写教程Ⅲ》: Ex. Ⅹ, p. 1921. Valentine’s day is the biggest day for the nation’s roseindustry, as on this day the rose retailers will sell more than onemillion roses.2. As for traditional flower shops, selling roses is no longer sucha beautiful experience as before, because intense market competition haschased them almost out of business.3. While discount rose retailers watch their business bloom, U.S.rose growers are going bankrupt as large amounts of foreign roses get intoAmerican markets.4. As the imported roses account for 57% of the total Americanmarkets, the profit margin of the domestic rose growers has droppedsubstantially.5. Some smart domestic rose growers have begun to work with theoverseas rivals, instead of fighting them.6. They are going to widen their business range through providingvarious kinds of service and becoming a representative for overseas flowerproducers.7. Holding a bundle of roses in his hand, the young man walked intothe office and put it on the desk of Lily, the girl he had long been inlove with.8. All the people in the office craned their necks to see thishandsome young man and were eager to know the love story between the boyand the girl.《读写教程 III》: Ex. XI, p. 1931. 红玫瑰将永远是最流行的花儿，因为爱情永不过时。
新视野大学英语(第三版)读写教程第一册 目录
Exercises
Unit10
Section A
Text:The Challenging Friend l Didn’t Know
Exercises
Section B
Reading Skills:Denotation and Connotation
Exercises
Section B
Reading Skills:Identifying the Writer’S Purpose
Unit9
Section A
Text:Premarital Agreements
Exercises
Section B
Reading Skills:Predicting the Writer’S Ideas
Unit3
Section A
Text:Where Principles Come First
Exercises
Section B
Reading Skills:Making Predictions
Text:CulturaI Differences in Western and
Japanese Decision-Making
Exercises
Unit5
Section A
Text:GracefuI Hands
Exercises
Section B
Reading Skills:Understanding Idiomatic Expressions
Text:Decisions of the Heart
Exercises
Unit6
翻译技巧课外资料和作业
翻译技巧词义的褒贬一般地，翻译过程中，褒义词必须译成褒义词，贬义词必须译成贬义词，中性词也应翻译译成中性词。
有时，根据上下文和语境的需要，译者也可能通过补译增加语言相应的褒义或贬义等感情色彩。
Ⅰ.本身褒义的语言译成褒义1．He was a man of high renown (fame).他是位有名望的人。
（褒义）2．“He was polite and always gave advice willingly, ”she recalled.她回忆说，“他彬彬有礼，总是诲人不倦。
”（褒义）3．张将军真是足智多谋啊！General Zhang is really wise and resourceful.（褒义）4．多亏了班长的帮助，她才能克服那些困难。
Thanks to the monitor’s help, she could overcome those difficulties.（褒义）Ⅱ. 本身贬义的语言译成贬义5．He lost his job in consequence of the quarrel with the manager.他由于和经理争吵的缘故而失去了工作。
（贬义）6．His notoriety as a rake did not come until his death.他作为流氓的恶名是他死后才传开来的。
(贬义)7．我们对他的粗暴态度感到震惊。
We were shocked by his coarse manners. (贬义)8．那个敌参谋长可是诡计多端的呀！That enemy chief of staff has a whole bag of tricks. (贬义)Ⅲ.本身中性的语言译成中性9．We had to put off the sports meeting because of the bad weather.因为糟糕的天气，我们只得推迟运动会。
新视野第二版第三册课文幻灯--unit8
2) Because it became possible to clone human beings;
3) Because it was a deformed product of science;
Para.19
This part is intended to reaffirm the author’s opinion that,although the list of questions could go on, people begin to wonder about the future of the world after cloning.
Unit 8 Section A
Legal and Moral Implications of Cloning
AIR FORCE UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING AND RESEARCH PRESS
Lead-in
Our topic today is “Cloning”. Cloning, as its name implies, is the genetic term for producing an exact copy of an animal or plant by developing artificially a cell from it. But the birth of Dolly, a mammal clone, is like setting the cat among the pigeons.
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Legal and Moral Implications of Cloning 克隆在法律与道德上的影响At first it was just plain surprising. Word that scientists succeeded in cloning an adult mammal—an achievement long thought impossible—caught the imagination of everyone. The laboratory process that produced Dolly, an unremarkable-looking sheep, theoretically would work for humans as well. A world with human clones was suddenly within reach. It was science fiction coming to life.起初，这对人们绝对是个震惊。
有消息称科学家已经成功克隆了一只成年哺乳动物，一项长期以来被认为是不可能的成就。
这一传闻引发了每个人的想象。
克隆多莉（一只相貌无奇的绵羊）的实验过程，从理论上说也同样适用于克隆人类。
一个克隆人的世界突然间近在咫尺，科幻小说变成了现实。
In the wake of this announcement, governments hurried to draft guidelines for the unknown, a future filled with incredible possibilities. President Clinton ordered a national commission to study the legal and moral implications of cloning. Leaders in Europe, where most nations already prohibit human cloning, began examining the moral implications of cloning other species.此消息宣布之后，为了一个未知世界，一个充满各种不可思议的可能性的未来，各国政府立即起草指导方针。
克林顿总统命令一个全国委员会研究克隆在法律和道德上的含义。
在欧洲，大多数国家都已禁止克隆人类，各国领导此时也开始研究克隆其他物种的道德含义。
Like the Theory of Relativity, the splitting of the atom, and the first space flight, Dolly's appearance has generated a long list of difficult puzzles for scientists, politicians, and philosophers. And wild questions on the topic of cloning continue to mount.就像相对论、原子裂变和第一次太空飞行一样，多莉的出现给科学家、政治家和哲学家们提出了一长串难以解答的难题。
关于克隆的奇怪问题不断涌现。
Why would anyone want to clone a human being in the first place?首先，为什么有人想克隆人类?The human cloning situations that experts consider most frequently fall into two broad categories: 1) parents who want to clone a child, either to provide transplants for a dying child or to replace that child, and 2) adults who for a variety of reasons might want to clone themselves.专家们考虑得最多的关于克隆人类的情形可以分为两大类：1)父母想要克隆孩子，要么是想为面临死亡威胁的孩子提供移植器官，要么是想代替那个孩子；2)成年人出于各种各样的原因想要克隆自己。
Will it be possible to clone the dead?是否可能克隆死去的人?Perhaps, if the body is fresh, says one expert. The cloning method used requires combining an egg cell with the nucleus of a cell containing the DNA of the person to be cloned. (DNA is a very long, ribbon-like molecule that contains our genetic information.) And that means that the nucleus must be intact. Cells die and the cell nucleus begins to break apart after death. But, yes, in theory at least it might be possible.有位专家说，如果是刚死去不久，也许就可能。
所使用的克隆方法要求将一个卵细胞和一个含有被克隆人的DNA的细胞核相结合。
(DNA是一种含有我们的基因信息的狭长带状分子。
) 这就意味着细胞核必须保持完整。
而人死之后，细胞死亡，细胞核就开始分裂。
但是，的确，至少从理论上说克隆死去的人是可能的。
Would a cloned human be identical to the original?克隆的人会和母本一模一样吗?Identical genes don't produce identical people, as anyone who knows a set of identical twins can tell you. In fact, twins are more alike than clones would be, since they have at least shared the same environment within the mother, areusually raised in the same family, and so forth. Parents could clone a second child who resembled their first in appearance, but all the evidence suggests the two would have very different personalities. Twins separated at birth do sometimes share personality characteristics, but such characteristics in a cloned son or daughter would only be reminders of the child who was lost.相同的基因不会复制出相同的人。
任何认识一些双胞胎的人都知道这一点。
事实上，双胞胎相像的程度胜于克隆人，因为他们至少在母体内分享过相同的环境，通常也在同一个家庭里被抚养长大，等等。
父母可能克隆出一个面貌与第一个孩子相似的人，但是所有的证据都表明，这两个人的个性会有很大差异。
一出生就被分开的双胞胎，有时可能有相同的个性特征，但是这样的特征出现在克隆的儿子或女儿身上，却只能令人想起失去的孩子。
Even in terms of biology, a clone would not be identical to the "master copy". The clone's cells, for example, would have energy-processing machinery that came from the egg, not from the person who was cloned. But most of the physical differences between originals and copies are so minor that detection of them would require a sophisticated laboratory. The one possible exception is bearing children. The scientists responsible for the successful cloning are not sure that Dolly will be able to have lambs. They will try to find out once she's old enough to breed.即使从生物学的角度看，克隆人也不会和“母本”一模一样。
比如，克隆人的细胞可能会有来自卵子而非被克隆人的能量加工机制。
然而，在母体和克隆体之间存在的身体差异大部分都很小，需要在设备精良的实验室里才能测定。
唯一可能的例外就是生育能力。
成功地实施了克隆多莉的科学家们也不敢肯定多莉是否能生育。
他们会等到多莉到了生育年龄时再确认这一点。
What if parents decided to clone a child in order to harvest organs?如果父母决定克隆一个孩子以获得器官，那会怎样?Most experts agree that it would be psychologically harmful if a child sensed he had been brought into the world simply as an organ donor. But some parentsalready produce second children with nonfatal transplants in mind, and many experts do not oppose this. Cloning would increase the chances for a tissue match from 25 percent to nearly 100 percent.多数专家都认为，如果一个孩子感到自己只是作为一个器官捐赠者来到这个世界，那他的心理可能受到伤害。