雅思图表作文TASK1精讲精练
雅思Task1写作柱状图考官范文(50)
雅思Task1写作柱状图考官范文(50)（最新版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制学校：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言作文(composition)是经过人的思想考虑和语言组织，通过文字来表达一个主题意义的记叙方法。
作文分为小学作文，中学作文，大学作文(论文)。
作文体裁包括：记叙文、说明文、应用文、议论文。
作文并不神秘，要想写好一篇文章，首先要多看，多想，勤于观察，积累素材。
只有细致的观察生活，积累素材才是写好作文的基础。
首先要明确你要写的主题，认真的审题，列出大纲，不要只注意题目中要求的字有多少，要多注意题目的本身，要多读多想，准确的用好词语和修饰语。
这是审题的关键，要确立好主题的依据，要精心的选材，布局列题，有的材料，还要分析整理。
这就要对材料进行分类，比较，概括，筛选。
我们不要象盖房子那样的把所有的材料都堆砌起来，要合理恰当的组合，具体的说开头和结尾要略写，那么经过就要仔细的推敲，修辞，润色，写好以后不要急于交稿，反复检查认真的修改。
古人说：书读百遍，其义自见。
熟读唐诗三百首，不会作诗也会吟。
这些都说明一个道理，只要你多看书，多读书对你的写作文有一定的好处。
只要你明白这样的一个道理，作文就是要你把生活中喜，怒，哀，乐用文字经过加工，修饰。
整理，也就是我们说的作文。
作文内容英语作文啦 雅思频道特为大家收集整理了雅思写作Task1柱状图考官范文(12)。
认真研读一定的雅思范文及作文模板可以帮助我们检验自己的写作水平，并能很好地吸收和应用优秀范文里的优秀内容~更多雅思报名官网的最新消息，最新、最专业的雅思备考资料，英语作文啦 雅思频道将第一时间为大家发布。
The chart below shows information about the challenges people face when they go to live in other countries.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Model Answer:The supplied graph represents data on the challenged people face when they start living in a different country and compares this data based on different age groups. As is presented in the graph, younger people struggle to make new friends while the aged people face difficulty to learn the local language in a new country.As is given in the graph, people from 18-34 years old find it most difficult to make new friends when they startliving in a new country. The second most challenging issue they face is the issue of finding living place. Learning the local language is another problem they face but this is least among the people of this age group. Secondly, among the 35-54 age group people who go to live in a different country find it most difficult to find places to live. About 36% people find it difficult to find places to live in while about 35-36% people find it difficult to learn the local language and to make friends there. Finally, the aged people who are over 55 years old, find it most difficult to learn the language than any other age group. Approximately 54% aged people face this challenge when they start living in a new country. Among this age group, 22% people face the living place issue while 23% find it hard to make new friends.In summary, aged people can make friends more easily than the young age group when they start living in a new country while young population finds it easier to learn the loan language than the aged people in a new country.(Approximately 268 words)。
雅思写作Task1表格图考官范文(1)
雅思写作Task1表格图考官范文(1)（最新版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制学校：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言作文(composition)是经过人的思想考虑和语言组织，通过文字来表达一个主题意义的记叙方法。
作文分为小学作文，中学作文，大学作文(论文)。
作文体裁包括：记叙文、说明文、应用文、议论文。
作文并不神秘，要想写好一篇文章，首先要多看，多想，勤于观察，积累素材。
只有细致的观察生活，积累素材才是写好作文的基础。
首先要明确你要写的主题，认真的审题，列出大纲，不要只注意题目中要求的字有多少，要多注意题目的本身，要多读多想，准确的用好词语和修饰语。
这是审题的关键，要确立好主题的依据，要精心的选材，布局列题，有的材料，还要分析整理。
这就要对材料进行分类，比较，概括，筛选。
我们不要象盖房子那样的把所有的材料都堆砌起来，要合理恰当的组合，具体的说开头和结尾要略写，那么经过就要仔细的推敲，修辞，润色，写好以后不要急于交稿，反复检查认真的修改。
古人说：书读百遍，其义自见。
熟读唐诗三百首，不会作诗也会吟。
这些都说明一个道理，只要你多看书，多读书对你的写作文有一定的好处。
只要你明白这样的一个道理，作文就是要你把生活中喜，怒，哀，乐用文字经过加工，修饰。
整理，也就是我们说的作文。
作文内容英语作文啦雅思频道特为大家收集整理了雅思写作Task1表格图考官范文。
认真研读一定的雅思范文及作文模板可以帮助我们检验自己的写作水平，并能很好地吸收和应用优秀范文里的优秀内容~更多雅思报名官网的最新消息，最新、最专业的雅思备考资料，英语作文啦将第一时间为大家发布。
The first chart below shows the results of a survey which sampled a cross-section of 100,000 people asking if they traveled abroad and why they traveled for the period 1994-98. The second chart shows their destinations over the same period.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.Sample Answer:The provided charts shows the data of a survey conducted on 100,000 people and the statistics shows the number of UK citizen travelled abroad during 1994 to 1998 for different purposes and their destinations. As isobserved from the given graphs, most of the UK residents travelled on their holidays and Western Europe was their most favourite destination.Initially in 1994, more than 22 thousand UK resident traveled different foreign countries and among them more than 15 thousands went on their holidays. For business tours more than 3 thousand people travelled in other countries in the same year while more than 2 thousand people visited their friends and relatives. After 1 year, this number slightly decreased and for the rest of the years until 1998, the number steadily increased in almost all of the categories. Finally in 1998, the total travelers' number reached to more than 28 thousand and among them more than twenty thousand people travelled to enjoy their holidays.In 1994, almost 18 thousand people out of 22 thousand went to Western Europe which is significantly larger than the number of people traveled to North America and other parts of the world. The similar trends can be observed for the remaining years and the majority people of the UK went to Western Europe which makes this place the most popular tourist’s destination of UK people.( This model answer can be followed as an example of a very good answer. However, please note that this is just one example out of many possible approaches.)。
雅思写作Task1饼状图考官范文(4)
雅思写作Task1饼状图考官范文(4)The table below shows CO2 emissions for different forms of transport in the European Union. The Pie Chart shows the percentage of European Union funds being spent on different forms of transport.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information in the graph below.Sample Answer:The given graphs provide information on the amount of Carbon dioxide emission per person from different vehicles in the European Union and also show the expenditures on different modes of transportations. As is observed from the given illustration, the highest amount of CO2 per person is emitted by the Air transports and European Union spends highest percentage of funds for the road transportation system.According to the bar graph, a single passenger of a personal cars emit around 130 gm of CO2 per kilometer while a passenger in a bus contribute to 65 gm of emission per kilometer. Coaches, maritime and rail passengers emit the lowest amount of CO2which is about 50 grams per passenger in a kilometer. Finally a single passenger of airplane contributes to 370 km of CO2 per kilo which is the highest amount of CO2 emission among the given transportations.Based on the pie chart, the European Union spent the highest amount (52%) on the road transportation system while spent only 1% or 2% on ports, waterway airport intermodal and other transport systems. They spent 31% on rail system and 10% on public transportation system. This indicates the European Union spent the majority of the budget on public transportations.In summary, Airplanes and personal car using passengers per person cause more CO2 emission than other mode of public transportation and European Union spend more on road and railways than other mode of transports.(Approximately 238 words)( This model answer can be followed as an example of a very good answer. However, please note that this is just one example out of many possible approaches.)。
雅思写作Task1饼状图考官范文(12)
雅思写作Task1饼状图考官范文(12)（最新版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制学校：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言作文(composition)是经过人的思想考虑和语言组织，通过文字来表达一个主题意义的记叙方法。
作文分为小学作文，中学作文，大学作文(论文)。
作文体裁包括：记叙文、说明文、应用文、议论文。
作文并不神秘，要想写好一篇文章，首先要多看，多想，勤于观察，积累素材。
只有细致的观察生活，积累素材才是写好作文的基础。
首先要明确你要写的主题，认真的审题，列出大纲，不要只注意题目中要求的字有多少，要多注意题目的本身，要多读多想，准确的用好词语和修饰语。
这是审题的关键，要确立好主题的依据，要精心的选材，布局列题，有的材料，还要分析整理。
这就要对材料进行分类，比较，概括，筛选。
我们不要象盖房子那样的把所有的材料都堆砌起来，要合理恰当的组合，具体的说开头和结尾要略写，那么经过就要仔细的推敲，修辞，润色，写好以后不要急于交稿，反复检查认真的修改。
古人说：书读百遍，其义自见。
熟读唐诗三百首，不会作诗也会吟。
这些都说明一个道理，只要你多看书，多读书对你的写作文有一定的好处。
只要你明白这样的一个道理，作文就是要你把生活中喜，怒，哀，乐用文字经过加工，修饰。
整理，也就是我们说的作文。
作文内容英语作文啦雅思频道特为大家收集整理了雅思写作Task1饼状图考官范文。
认真研读一定的雅思范文及作文模板可以帮助我们检验自己的写作水平，并能很好地吸收和应用优秀范文里的优秀内容~更多雅思报名官网的最新消息，最新、最专业的雅思备考资料，英语作文啦将第一时间为大家发布。
The pie charts below show units of electricity production by fuel source Australia and France in 1980 and 2000.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Sample Answer:The given pie charts shows data on the electricity production from fuel sources in Australia and in France in 1980 and 2000. As is observed from the pie charts, coal was the main source for electricity production in Australia while France used the Nuclear Power more in recent years to produce their electricity demand.According the given data, Australia produced 100 unitsof electricity in 1980 and 170 units in 2000 while the production in France was 90 units and doubled in the year 2000.In Australia coal was the main source of electricity production and half of the total electricity produced came from coal in 1980. Natural gas and hydro power contributed of producing 20 units of electricity while remaining 10 units was produced from oil. The dependency on coal increased in 2000 for electricity production while oil and natural gases were very minimally used for electricity production. Nuclear power was not used in Australia as source for producing electricity.On the contrary, In France natural gas and coal together produced half of the electricity in 1980. The use of nuclear power increased significantly in France in 2000 amounting 126 units in this year compared to the 15 units 20 years back.。
雅思Task1写作柱状图考官范文(52)
第 1 页 共 3 页 雅思Task1写作柱状图考官范文(52) （最新版）
编制人：__________________ 审核人：__________________ 审批人：__________________ 编制学校：__________________ 编制时间：____年____月____日
序言 作文(composition)是经过人的思想考虑和语言组织，通过文字来表达一个主题意义的记叙方法。作文分为小学作文，中学作文，大学作文(论文)。作文体裁包括：记叙文、说明文、应用文、议论文。
作文并不神秘，要想写好一篇文章，首先要多看，多想，勤于观察，积累素材。只有细致的观察生活，积累素材才是写好作文的基础。首先要明确你要写的主题，认真的审题，列出大纲，不要只注意题目中要求的字有多少，要多注意题目的本身，要多读多想，准确的用好词语和修饰语。这是审题的关键，要确立好主题的依据，要精心的选材，布局列题，有的材料，还要分析整理。这就要对材料进行分类，比较，概括，筛选。
我们不要象盖房子那样的把所有的材料都堆砌起来，要合理恰当的组合，具体的说开头和结尾要略写，那么经过就要仔细的推敲，修辞，润色，写好以后不要急于交稿，反复检查认真的修改。
古人说：书读百遍，其义自见。熟读唐诗三百首，不会作诗也会吟。这些都说明一个道理，只要你多看书，多读书对你的写作文有一定的好处。只要你明白这样的一个道理，作文就是要你把生活中喜，怒，哀，乐用文字经过加工，修饰。整理，也就是我们说的作文。 第 2 页 共 3 页
作文内容 英语作文啦www.zuowenla.cn 雅思频道特为大家收集整理了雅思写作Task1柱状图考官范文(12)。认真研读一定的雅思范文及作文模板可以帮助我们检验自己的写作水平，并能很好地吸收和应用优秀范文里的优秀内容~更多雅思报名官网的最新消息，最新、最专业的雅思备考资料，英语作文啦www.zuowenla.cn雅思频道将第一时间为大家发布。 The chart below shows the GDP growth per year for three countries between 2007 and 2010. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
(完整word版)雅思作文写作Task 1第一课时—曲线图、表格图
IELTS图表作文讲解：曲线图表格图范文分析：开头段（首段改写）The graph ①illustrates changes in the amounts of② beef， lamb, chicken and fish③consumed in a particular European country④ between 1979 and 2004。
①改写题目中的shows⑧下降表达，类似的有decrease, go down ， decline， fall down ，drop ,sink。
这句话描写相反的趋势。
⑨交叉点⑩时间+上升表达⑪⑩最大值结尾段Overall，the graph shows how the consumption of ①chicken increased dramatically while the popularity of ②these other foods decreased over the period.①上升②下降，结尾段一般总结图中最主要的信息或最终要的趋势.❖TABLE③ 低于平均值的家庭类型情况④ 高于平均值的情况⑤ 倍数表达，清晰的对比⑥ 尾段对表中的主要类型的总趋势进行了重述Besides，此文章中作者用括号表达数据，很有新意,清晰三、结构及句型总结首段常用句型:1。
The table /graph shows （that)...2. The figures/statistics show (that）。
3. The diagram shows/ describes/ illustrates how。
.4。
According to/As (is） shown in the/As can be seen from the table/chart, diagram, graph， figures5. It can be seen/obse rved from the/ we can see from the…6. It is clear/ apparent from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures （that)。
15天搞定雅思写作Task1：BarChartExercise
15天搞定雅思写作Task1：BarChartExercise本篇文章将讲解雅思写作中出现的与比较相关的表达。
采用一个bar chart作为实例，但是所用技巧同样适合其他图表类型。
你可以从这份柱状图练习中学到有关对比、比较和百分比的表达。
下面我们来看一个实例，然后总结一下对比两个或多个事物时地道的表达方法：The chart shows the percentage of drugs taken by girls and boys in a school in New Zealand.Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.The bar chart illustrates information on the quantity of drugs school children in New Zealand take, divided by gender and measured in percentages. Overall, it is immediately apparent that hashish or marijuana is used more than any of the other drugs, whereasLSD is used the least. At first glance we can see that boys take more drugs than girls for 6 out of 7 of the drugs listed, however an equal number of boys and girls take cocaine. To begin with, boys use more hashish or marijuana than girls at around 33% and 29% respectively. Following this, boys take heroin, opium or morphine at approximately 8%, but girls 10.at only 5%.On the other hand, the numbers for amphetamines and solvents are similar for both boys and girls at 2% and 3% for girls and 4% for both drugs for boys. Next, the pattern for LSD and medical drugs is exactly the same for both genders at 1% for girls and 3% for boys. Finally, boys and girls take cocaine at the same level, 4%.Being well-organised雅思写作需要条理清晰且有逻辑。
剑桥雅思11test4写作task1
雅思为各位考生推荐复习材料雅思为各位考生推荐复习材料--剑11 test4写作写作 task1- task1-“饼状图分析”“饼状图分析”，需要本教程其他单元译文的考生，请点击：剑11 test1 写作写作 task1- task1-不同地区对水资源不同用途；剑不同地区对水资源不同用途；剑11test1 写作写作 task2 task2范文范文-Governments should spend money on railways rather than roads -Governments should spend money on railways rather than roads。
我们先来了解一下小编为大家带来的剑桥雅思11 Test4小作文题目分析：小作文题目分析：1. 图表类型：表格图图表类型：表格图++饼状图饼状图2. 描述重点：描述重点：Ashdown Museum Ashdown Museum 翻新前后访客数量翻新前后访客数量翻新前后访客数量+ Ashdown Museum + Ashdown Museum 翻新前后同时期各自的访客满意度调查的访客满意度调查3. 主体段时态：一般现在时主体段时态：一般现在时表格图描述Ashdown Museum 在进行翻新装修之前的一年和之后的一年的访客数量在进行翻新装修之前的一年和之后的一年的访客数量在进行翻新装修之前的一年和之后的一年的访客数量饼状图描述在各自年份五种访客满意度的百分比情况饼状图描述在各自年份五种访客满意度的百分比情况下面我们一起来具体的了解一下这个小作文的写作范文吧：下面我们一起来具体的了解一下这个小作文的写作范文吧：The given six pie charts totally illustrate the using proportion of water for three different aspects in six regions worldwide.Generally in the relatively developed continents including North America and the Europe, the pattern of water-usage distribution shares great similarity, whereas otherfour underdeveloped regions indicates another type of smaller gaps.To be more specific, the water utilization of industry is both dominant in the twoflourishing territory,approximately half of the whole (48% versus 53%), followed by that of agriculture, which take up marginally more than one-third of the total. In correspondence, the using percentage of water resource for residents is the least, withonly 13% and 15% respectively, which still largely exceed the figures for the other four regions.Apparently, the developing areas invest far more water in agriculture, each havingaround 80%, and even the least, the figure for South America still constitute 71% whilethe largest number even reach nearly 90%. Thereby it is obvious that the use of other two respects is bound to be less: no more than 10% domestic use in Central Asia and Southeast Asia. These areas even use less water in industry (merely 5%~7%, with the highest percentage12%). By contrast, people in South America utilize a higherproportion of water in domestic aspect, almost 20%, half of which is used in industrialpart of the region.Overall, the water resource of developed areas is distributed more in economic products involving industry and agriculture, while developing ones only consume a considerable number of water in agriculture.。
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雅思图表作文TASK1精讲精练A理论部分：雅思小作文概论1、文章结构：主要分三部分：i。
introductory sentence；ii。
body paragraph;iii.Concluding sentence具体讲：第一段introductory sentence只要写一句话，交待图形（如the line graph， pie chart等等），描述对象(如图表描述的是the number of tourists visiting England），地点(如the US, the UK等）以及时间（如between 1988 and 1997等等）；另外要注意的就是第一段不能和图表上方已给的句子太过相似！否则，会失分的！第二部分一般写1~3段，这要视情况而定。
这部分主要就是对比不同的数据，如相似或相同的数据；某个数据是另一个数据的2倍;某个数据所占比例最大或最小等等。
最后一段concluding sentence也只要写一句话,主要是总结图表的整个趋势。
2。
文章的效果。
很多学生会发现小作文的例文特别简单（尤其是剑桥书里提供的）。
原因很简单，这个report 的目的就是要让university lecturer了解某个事物的发展趋势,所以写出来的文章必须结构清晰、易懂，绝对不能太复杂,也不要把每个数据都描写出来,只要描写有代表性的，重要的数据即可.以下为雅思小作文的四个基本步骤第一步：改写题目通过同义词转换在短短的1分钟内就写好作文的第一段。
举例:The graph below shows the percentage of people unable to find work in three major countries from 1983 to 1992.题目中划线的单词都可以进行同义转换:graph—figure， show—illustrate， percentage-proportion， major-key, from…to…—between…and…,第二步：分析时态1. 图表小作文大部分时候使用过去时态,因为出现的数据一般都是以往的统计数据，过去的情形和现在的情形很有可能完全不一样,因此用过去时态比较恰当。
例句1： In the 2002 survey, over 75％ of respondents with annual incomes above＄ 100，000 considered leisure time extremely or very important。
2。
如果图表里没有出现任何以往的年度，或者显示这是过去的统计数据，那么用一般现在时比较理想。
Britain produces 3％ of the world’s carbon dioxides emissions——-—about the same as India，which has 15times as many times as many people.3. 少数情况下，图表作文会出现预测值，这个时候用将来时态.第三步：分析图中数字的含义以及单位很多同学由于急于完成文章，所以忽略了对图中数据的分析,比如说，有些题目中会在角落里标明百分号和单位，很多同学没有注意到，就认为图中的数字是表示的个数或者弄错单位，这样整篇文章的分数就会受到很大的影响，因此先不要急于动笔写,先分析好了，再动笔也不迟。
第四步：通过分析图表来确定主体段落需要描述哪些信息，并标注在图表上建议考生在写作时,第一句话总结图中比较显著的趋势或者特征,其余句子按照第四点中所规定的顺序逐句叙述图表内容。
主体部分每一个句子一般有三个组成部分，分别是文字信息、数字信息和比较。
很多考生习惯在作文中把数字逐一读出，这是不好的习惯。
事实上，文字信息比数字信息更为重要，文字信息可以让读者清楚了解图表的主要信息，而数据只是起辅助的作用。
总结：1、小作文写作遵循三点即客观（不应有主观想象成分，得出结论也是根据图表实际内容总结归纳)、准确（注意单位、时间、数字表达）、详尽（重要数据不能漏掉)。
2、仔细审题-确定主体段写几段—确定各段结构。
B写作实践：4。
22写作课内容1、简单线图2、复杂线图（双线、多线）3、简单柱图4、复杂柱图5、饼图6、组合图（线饼、线柱）I 数据图线图基本结构首段（1-2句）首句改写题目（换词、换句）第二句有可能的话总结总体趋势、特征中间段顺次描述趋势，指出重要数据（极值、相同点、始末值）；数据较多不必挨个描述，但以上重点数据不能跳过；数据较少则可以详尽描述.末段重申最重要的趋势、特征一、首段introduction首段内容几乎完全不用创新，就是对题目文字部分做改写,paraphrase the rubric.所谓改写，要么换词,要么换句式.例如：(剑4-P100)The charts below give information about travel to and from the UK ，and about most （1）（2）popular countries for UK residents to visit.换词(1) 图 The charts图：chart， graph, diagram（雅思写作中完全等价，无差别）线：line / curve chart柱图：bar / column graph饼:pie diagram/chart表：table / statistics / figures(2) 动词“表明”give information about介绍段是客观描述，用一般现在时态，give information about虽然在这篇作文中最好不再用。
替换的词语和结构很多,比如常用的：reveal / indicate / demonstrate/describe/illustrate 建议记三个足够。
其余部分的替换因题而异，比如travel换成visit，the UK换成Britain（注意不是England,英格兰只是Britain的一部分)，popular换成fashionable，country换成nation,UK residents to visit换成UK tourists.最后要注意点细节，原文的“below”应省略,因为答题纸上没有图;而第二副图上标注的1999年,可以补充进介绍段.对担心写不足词数的单图作文，甚至可以把把特征点概括成一句话加入介绍段。
换句(1)并列句The line chart reveals that … and the bar graph indicates that …（分别描述两幅图，形成风格，第一幅图用chart，第二副图用graph，第一幅图reveal,第二副图indicate）(2)被动语态… is revealed in the line chart and … is indicated in the bar graph。
One possible answer：The line chart reveals visits to and from Britain and the bar graph indicates most fashionable nations for UK tourists in 1999.二、主体段body过渡:段首过渡词（1个）信息出处：According to the line chart，As is shown in the line chart，The line chart shows that …表示逻辑：On the other hand等等段内过渡词(1-2个）顺承：also, besides， in addition转折:however， on the other hand，conversely其它：meanwhile / in the same time, similarly， in particular句型：简单线图：趋势(包括升降速度)至少掌握三种句式：主谓（包括被动句式)、主谓宾、there beThe visits increased quickly from about 12 to 53 million from 1979 to 1999。
（1）（2) (3） (4） (5)There was an increase in the visits from about 12 to 53 million from 1979 to 1999.（2a）（1) （4）（5)An increase in the visits is seen from about 12 to 53 million from 1979 to 1999.（2a） (1) (6) (4) （5)The last twenty years from 1979 to 1999 saw/witnessed /experienced an increase in the visits from about 12 to 53。
练习:1、20世纪90年代,北京的出租车数量有了大幅度的增长。
（1990s, Beijing， taxi, number， increase )a)Taxis in Beijing increased dramatically in the number in the 1990sb)Beijing’s taxis increased dramatically in the number in the 1990s 后重原则—越大的成分放在后边。
c)The number of taxi in Beijing increased dramatically in the 1990s.d)There was a dramatic increase in the number of taxi in Beijing in the 1990s. （动态或静态的存在, 都用存在句型。
其典型代表是there be 倒装句）e) A dramatic increase was found in the number of taxi in Beijing in the 1990sf)Beijing had/experienced a dramatic increase in the number of taxi in the 1990sg)1990s saw/witnessed a dramatic increase in the number of taxi in Beijing（1)主体：(第二段或图例中有明示）同义词 travelThe travel increased quickly from about 12 to 53 million from 1979 to 1999.代词 theyThe visits increased quickly from about 12 to 53 million from 1979 to 1999. In particular，they increased very rapidly from 1985 to 1988。