2019年高考英语阅读理解文章结构图题

Integrity

Integrity is the quality of being honest and strong about what you believe to be right. The concept of integrity has played a key role in moral philosophy throughout history and is promoted in all societies because of its importance to social relations. Individual integrity is vital to society, one that enables people to make use of their capacity for critical reflection, does not force people to take up particular roles and does not encourage individuals to betray each other. Besides, societies can be favorable to the development of individual integrity.

Individual integrity can lift up the spirits of the entire society. It can shape the lives of people living in a particular society, the lives of all fellow people and, in its broadest sense, even the destiny(命运) of a nation. By contrast, if those living in the society are corrupt, it could have bad effects, jeopardizing the healthy morality of the society.

On the other hand, a society can be favorable to the development of individual integrity. Society expects and requires integrity. A society consisting of people of integrity, and people who never compromise on their principles, could have a positive mark on the personal development of its members. Being a part of such a morally lively community could serve as a basis for absorbing traits of good character. This could be of a distinct advantage to any individuals in the society.

However, some social structures are of the wrong sort for some individuals to pursue(追求) integrity. If that is the case, we have to ask questions about the moral nature of society first before raising questions about individual integrity. Questions about integrity may turn out to be about what kind of society it is, rather than about the relationship between individual interests and characteristics of a society. The pursuit of adequate individual integrity often depends, not so much on understanding who one is and what one believes and is committed to, but rather understanding what one’s society is and imagining what it c ould be.

Under no circumstances can we underestimate the importance of human integrity in a society. People, who are honest, trustworthy, compassionate and caring, are the factors decisive in the growth of individuals as well as the development of a society.

70. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage?

A. B.

C. D.

CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point(次要点) C：Conclusion

参考答案：A

The fight is on to get rid of air pollution in our cities. While the best solution in the long-term would be to ban fossil-fueled cars, that won’t help the millions who are dying in the meantime, and so some high-tech solutions are now on the cards.

In March 2016, 10 London pigeons became famous. These pigeons took to the sky from Primrose Hill in north London, wearing backpacks monitoring air pollution. Once in the air, the backpacks sent live air-quality updates to the smartphones of the Londoners below.

The pigeons and their backpacks were just the latest in a series of increasingly desperate attempts to monitor and control air pollution. London’s air pollution problem has been getting worse for years, and it often rises to more than three times the European Union’s legal limit.

Another promising app roach can be found in Beijing, after China declared a “war against pollution ” in 2014. A seven -metre-high “Smog Free Tower”, designed by a Dutch scientist, D aan Roosegaarde, opened in Beijing’s 751 D Park in September 2016.

It is a huge, outdoor air purifier. Airborne particles （颗粒）are sucked into the tower where they receive a positive charge. The particles are then caught by a negatively charged dust-removal plate and clean air is blown out of the other end. “Changing smog particles does not take much current.” Roosegaarde said.

As for what to do with the collected PM waste, he has currently set up a business making jewellery out of the waste. Prince Char les owns a set of “smog free” cufflinks(袖扣). If collected on at a big scale, Roosegaarde believes it could even be used as a building material.

Mexico City has an alternative solution. Looking to Nature to maximize the surface area of a building, Allison Dring, a Berlin-based architect, managed to catch light and wind from all sides. She is now making a building material by burning agricultural crop by-products in the absence of oxygen. “It means that you are actually taking carbon (碳) out of the sky, transforming it into a material, and then using it to build,” says Dring.

The fight against outdoor air pollution is really just starting. Even if none of the ideas take off, at least Prince Charles’ cufflinks, the special building surface and pigeons wearing back-packs will have brought the issue more to the public’s attention.

66. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

A.

B.

C.

D.

I: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: Conclusion

参考答案：B

Benefits of Cross-Country Skiing

Cross-country skiing can be enjoyed by a wide range of students, from the youngest kindergartners to those secondary students. It is really a fun activity, providing students a gentle workout outside in winter. While having fun, students can gain physical and mental benefits .

The physical benefits of cross-country skiing are well known. If we look at Olympic cross- country skiers, we can see the positive effects on the body that result from training for cross-country skiing. The average best female cross-country skier carries 11 percent body fat, and best male skiers carry 5 percent. These percentages are well below the average for people who are considered to be athletic-17 percent for females and 10 percent for males. The high number of calories burned while skiing helps to keep skiers slim in a healthy and attractive way.

Cross-country skiing is also an efficient way to exercise a large number of muscles at once. Because skiers use ski poles as a me ans of propulsion, the force that drives skiers forward, the upper body gets much more of workout. Of course, the leg muscles also do their fair share. People who use cross-country skiing as a workout over several weeks will discover that the muscles of their entire body increase in strength.

Cross-country skiing on a regular basis has a tremendous effect on a person’s cardiovascular system. In addition to gaining strength in the muscles of the upper and lower body, people who use cross-country skiing as a workout method over several weeks will also discover that their heart is stronger. A strong heart pumps more efficiently, sending out more blood to the muscles with each contraction(收缩). Through weeks of skiing, people often discover that their resting heart rate has decreased. Highly trained Olympic cross-country skiers have resting heart rates between 28 and 40 beats per minute. Compare that to the resting heart rate of the average person, which is 60 to 80 beats per minute!

The benefits of cross-country skiing extend beyond overall general health. A lot of evidence exists indicating that regular physical activity increases the release of mood-lifting endorphins (内啡肽) in the body. After one of the energetic and fun skiing lessons, students will be smiling and

laughing; they will be relaxed and in a better mood than when they started class. Students will leave class with a sense of accomplishment, knowing that they have developed new skills in a fun activity.

Cross-country skiing is a great way to work the total body. Now more and more students are taking part in this exercise outside during the winter months. They are enjoying it and benefiting from it!

66．Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?

A B

C D

CP: Central point P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: Conclusion

参考答案：C

D

Role-Playing in Child Development

Playing is a key component in the learning process for virtually all of the children. There are various ways in which children play, but one of the most important is role-playing.This involves a child engaging in an activity during which he or she pretends to be another person.

Experts on child development believe that role-playing can increase the connections in children’s brains that help them learn. Language skills are some of the most important aspects of learning. When children role-play, they mustwork out steps that need to be taken to complete a task, and create plans to act out astory. These activitiesenable children to develop their oral language skills. They become able toorganize others and to give directions.

C hildren’s social skills can also bedeveloped. When engaged in group activities, children have differentroles. Some are leaders while others are followers. At times, the children will disagree, so they must learn to negotiate and compromise with one another, and they must learn to apologize when they have strong arguments or disagreements as well. Children further learn about cooperation and sharing and, hopefully, begin to understand things from another person’s point of view.

Besides helping children learn some kinds of skills, role-playing foster s children’s imaginations and can therefore assume a number of forms. For example, boys may pretend to shave like their fathers or perform various tasks around their homes. Girls, meanwhile, often pretend to be mothers to do some daily tasks, particularly if it involves caring for young babies. Sometimeschildren may imagine belonging to a group of superheroes or imitate (模仿) real-life situations. They might dress up andassume different roles. Another example is the performing of stories they read in books, which is also very common when they role-play.

Another beneficial aspect of role-playing is that it can help children deal with certain actions that may cause them emotional (情感的) pain, such as the fear they face when going to school for the first time or making a visit to the doctor. If children role-play situations like these beforehand, the fear that they experience when doing these actions in reality frequently lessens. For this reason, experts encourage parents to allow their children to role-play and even to take part in these activities to help their children master their fears.

Role-playing can benefit children in many ways. There is no activity for which young children are better prepared than fantasy play. Nothing is more dependable and risk-free, and the dangers are only pretend.

70. Which of the following shows the organization of the passage?

A. B.

C. D.

I: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: Conclusion

参考答案：A

D

Hobbies Help Cure Addiction to the Internet

While some parents have expressed concerns about the amount of time their children spent surfing the Internet during the summer break from school, it wasn't a problem for Yin Qiming.

Instead, the 37-year-old Shanghai resident and his daughter divided their vacation between cyberspace and the 8-year-old's other interests.

"My daughter has many hobbies and I and her mother respect her choices, so we accompany her to classes she enjoys, such as learning to play the drums and drawing," he said.

"She loves to play outside with her friends, so she doesn't think the Internet is a must-have thing in her life."

Yin added that he rarely imposes a time limit on his daughter's online activity.

"She sometimes uses WeChat (a popular instant-messaging tool) on my mobile phone, but only to contact her mother," he said. "Once she has her own plans every day and realizes that the internet is just a part of life, she won't become addicted to it."

Li Lin, a primary school teacher from Liaoning province, expressed a similar opinion.

"We do some homework online, including reciting stories, and the children use the Internet frequently every day of their lives," she said, noting that the children's online activity is limited to 30 minutes a day at school.

"We should make better use of the Internet to provide children with more knowledge and help them to grow up," said Li, who has a 10-year-old son.

The key to preventing children, especially those at primary and middle schools, from becoming addicted to the Internet is to limit the time they spend online and to ensure that they

know cyberspace cannot replace traditional forms of communication, she said.

Mao Feizhu, a psychologist from Fujian province in southeast China, said people overestimate the influence of the internet.

"Many people, even some parents, believe the Internet plays a big role in our daily lives, and many things can be completed online, but that's not completely right," she said.

"We can use social applications to talk or play basketball games, and even share what we are thinking about, but sometimes it's impossible for our emotions to be accurately reflected in this way. What children need is emotional communication and real physical exercise. After all, love cannot be bought on the net," she said.

Perhaps, the best way to stop young netizens spending too much time online is to encourage their other interests but also accompany them when they go online: "We should use the Internet, not become its slaves."

70. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?

A. B.

C. D.

I: Introduction CP: Central point P: Point Sp: Sub-point C: Conclusion

参考答案：A

2017年二模

D

College graduation eventually means taking much of your attention in your first job search. This process can be challenging, especially for those students who had second thoughts about their chosen major and intended career path—or those who majored in a field not directly connected to a specific career. If you are in one of these groups, fear not! Although your major, coursework, and academic performance are relevant to landing a job, they are not the only deciding factors on where you can work. So, just how important is your major to your job search?

Some majors are tied directly to specific career fields. For example, if you wish to become a teacher, you will likely have needed to complete an education program and eventually sit for a licensing exam. The same applies to majors in nursing. If you did not complete an accredited nursing program, you won’t be able to take the nursing licensure exam. In these cases, successfully completing a specific major is crucial to landing a job in the matching field.

Other majors, however, are closely related to career paths but don’t necessarily require a degree in the area. For example, students who majored in finance, math, or statistics may also have the necessary skills to be hired as an accountant. Although social work majors are most prepared to provide case management services to struggling populations, students who majored in psychology or sociology can be just as qualified.

Lastly, there are many industries, such as professional sales, education (non-teaching positions), insurance, and customer service management, which hire new graduates from several more majors, looking for more generalized requirements. They may simply want to know the student has comp leted his or her bachelor’s degree, which demonstrates college-level math and writing, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills.

Hopefully, as a college student, you were able to do more than just attend classes. Your non-academic experiences can be very influential on your future career as well. Did you work during college, volunteer, or participate in a club or organization? If so, and if you enjoyed these activities, seek out related careers. If you volunteered with a non-profit organization such as a homeless or domestic violence shelter, seek out positions in social services related to case management or victim advocacy(辩护). You may qualify for a position regardless of your major.

Although it often seems like your college major alone determines your career fate, this just isn’t the case. It may influence it, but there are other factors that influence your career options as well. If you don’t know what career options to consider based on your major, talk to your faculty or academic advisor. You may be surprised at what opportunities await!

70. Which of the following shows the organization of the passage?

A. B.

CP

Sp3

Sp2

P2

C

P1

Sp1

C. D.

CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point(次要点) C：Conclusion

参考答案：B

7D

Both Males And Females Have Right to Choose Personality Recently, the debate about males' masculinity (男子汉气概) has been quite heated. Some people think that males should be different from females and show their masculinity while others hold the view that too much emphasis on masculinity can lead to male violence and an excessive desire for power and status.

While everyone has his or her own opinions, what really matters is that one should have the right to choose their own personality - whether masculine or feminine. Besides, it is important that everyone should respect other people's choices, and should not look down upon others because they do not follow the mainstream.

One of my college classmates has suffered discrimination owing to his personality and clothes. He is a shy boy with a soft voice and he likes dressing in pink shirts, which makes him a little girlish. Some students often talk in the back, saying that he had no masculinity, and some even doubted that he might be gay. During group activities, some students deliberately alienate him. This drove him crazy. He complained to me, "Personal behavior and clothing are my own choices. Why can't other students respect my choice and tolerate my difference?"

Indeed, no one can push others to be manly, but should learn to respect difference. The same goes for females as no one can force females to be feminine.

In the traditional concept, females should be gentle and soft. However, in modern society, more and more women are beginning to focus on their own rights, and have their own thoughts. Some women have made extraordinary achievements in some fields. But brave, decisive and independent females with remarkable achievements at work are often labeled as strong women, which has bad implications. Some people will say these females are too strong and lack the femininity women are supposed to have.

Meanwhile, females' clothing choices are often judged by others. Women these days often dress for comfort. However, this kind of clothing is criticized for not having female charm. There is even a prejudice that females who dress this way are often not accepted.

In modern society, both males and females have the right to choose whether they want to be

masculine or feminine rather than be limited by social stereotypes based on gender. Only in this way can we further harbor the benefits of gender equality and freedom of choice.

70. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?

I: Introduction CP: Central point P: Point Sp: Sub-point C: Conclusion

参考答案：A