2019年南京大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题(回忆版)【聚创考研】

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2019年暨南大学考研真题211翻译硕士英语(A卷)硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷

考试科目：翻译硕士英语共 14 页，第1页2019年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（A 卷）********************************************************************************************学科、专业名称：翻译硕士专业研究方向：英语笔译考试科目名称：翻译硕士英语考试科目代码：211考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。

I. Vocabulary & Grammar (30%)Directions: There are 30 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there arefour words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. Education and work can be restructured to teach and ______ the skills of concentration and focus.A. proposeB. propagateC. propelD. proceed2. It's difficult to _________ the demands of my job and the desire to be a good father.A. reconcileB. combineC. relateD. integrate3. Break out of this guilt and let yourself ________ in your sense of accomplishment for what you have gotten done instead of what there is still to do.A. absorbB. indulgeC. involveD. relish4. For this, we never ________ the use of force, as it is common aspiration and sacred mission of the people of China to safeguard China’s sovereignty and also to reunify our motherland.A. declareB. renounceC. announceD. claim5. Because of his adventures, he is a person of far greater experience and ________.A. resourcefulnessB. resourcesC. considerationsD. thoughtfulness6. If a machine, railway line, or bridge is ________, it is deliberately damaged or destroyed, for example, in a war or as a protest.A. explodedB. bombedC. bombardedD. sabotaged7. Even if we could collect most of what we gave out – which we can't – a scant _______ of high-powered weapons in the hands of bad actors can be disastrous in a place where government control is weak.A. amountB. volumeC. handfulD. number。

2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语真题答案及详解共15页

2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语真题答案及详解Section I Use of English1-5 CDBBA 6-10 BADCA 11-15 BCDCB 16-20 DADAC1．C解析：语义逻辑题。

第一句含义是“古希腊哲学家亚里士多德把笑看作是“有益于身体健康的宝贵锻炼”，第二句意思是“但是一些人提出相反的意见，轻笑可能对身体健康影响极小”，两句之间是转折关系，A、B、C、D四个选项中只有C选项表转折“尽管”，故是正确选项。

2．D解析：语义辨析题。

上下文语境是“笑确实能短期的改变”。

A. reflect“反映”，B. demand“要求”，C. indicate“表明，暗示”，D. produce“产生”，只有D 选项符合语境，所以是正确答案。

3．B解析：语义搭配题。

文中提到“笑能够心律呼吸速率。

” A. stabilizing 意思是“安定，稳定”，B. boosting“促进，推进”，C. impairing“损害，削弱”，D. determining“决定”，根据语境应该是“笑能够促进心律呼吸速率”，B为正确答案。

4．B解析：语义辨析题。

这句话意思是“但是因为大笑很难，一次狂笑不可能……”，四个选项的含义分别是 A. transmit “传播”，B. sustain“维持”，C. evaluate “评估”，D. observe“观察”，根据语境，只有B. sustain符合语境。

5．A解析：语义辨析题。

这句话意思是“一次狂笑不可能像比如走路或者慢跑那样对心血管功能产生益处。

” A. measurable“重大的，重要的”，B. manageable“易控制的”，C. affordable“负担得起的”，D. renewable“可再生的”，四个选项中能和“益处”搭配的只有A. measurable，故是正确答案。

6．B解析：逻辑分析题。

第二段第一句是说“其他的锻炼可以拉紧增强肌肉，很显然笑确是起到了……作用”，对上文有承接还有转折的关系，A. In turn 意思是“轮流”，C. In addition是“另外”，D. In brief 意思是“简而言之”，都不符合语境，只有B. In fact“事实上”符合上下文语境，是正确选项。

2019年南京理工大学MTI初试真题回忆

[2019初试真题回忆]2019年南京理工大学MTI初试真题回忆政治全都在回忆我就大概讲讲大题主要是关于围绕实践是检验真理的唯一标准答题围绕实践标准的相对性和绝对性说明为什么实践永无止境，理论也永无止境为什么说改革开放是关键性抉择主场外交为什么成为中国的新名片中国提到的利于世界的新理念等是什么中国的外交理念怎么理解用改革开放的眼光看待改革开放翻译硕士英语词汇改错paraphrase（共五个15分都是精读书上的我印象非常深刻的是有一题就是大三精读书一篇课文A rose for emily 就是讲全镇的人都知道Emily的old aunt Waytt是怎么变疯的因为the Griesons家族的人都太比他们真实的样子更骄傲）大家不清楚是哪个版本的精读书但是这两个版本都有考到我总结了两个版本的精读书5.6的所有paraphrase（纸质版）有需要可以找我要有偿！!!翻译讲的是有关happiness （happiness is like pebble dropped into river to set in motion ever-widening circle of ripples 开头大概是这样）作文讲的是Children bring cell phones into classrooms,问你是否同意，为什么？题干中提到作文分三个部分来写，The first part陈述你的观点，第二是论证观点，最后一个是总结观点英语翻译基础15个英译中句子12个中译英句子（都是三笔书上的特别是中译英有一句是三笔书旅游业那一个单选的那一句是说旅游业方兴未艾，给当地带来影响什么的）我整理了老版三笔书课后十六个单元的所有句子翻译，有需要可以找我有偿！！这次依旧考的都是旧版所以建议大家还是整理旧版就是蓝色封面那个英译中文章讲移民问题中译英文章讲智能手机汉语写作与百科知识填空（15个）黄河大合唱的作曲者世界上地势最低的国家世界上最大的淡水湖月球上的\\\\\\\"海\\\\\\\"叫什么坦克是哪个国家制造的藏语扎西德勒什么意思伽利略拿到望远镜最先观察的什么狼毫的原材料是什么激素一词的英文音译是什么百合穴位于人体的哪里易卜生的哪部作品描写的安娜什么什么……世界第八大奇观有\\\\\\\"含泪的微笑\\\\\\\"一称的美国女作家是谁心脏有几心房和心室蒙太奇一词源于哪个国家知识就是力量是谁说的选择（高考语文前面的基础题比如选择读音或者字正确的+百科选择题）10个高考语文改错5个简答题3个共30分谈谈你对易经的认识简要阐述魏晋玄学谈谈十字军东征的历史意义作文70分生活中有不同的\\\\\\\"器\\\\\\\" 有的是容器,容纳万物。

2019考研英语真题参考答案完整版

2019考研英语真题参考答案完整版Section I: Reading ComprehensionPart A1. D2. C3. B4. A5. B6. D7. C8. A9. D 10. CPart B11. B 12. C 13. A 14. D 15. B 16. C 17. D 18. A 19. B 20. DSection II: Use of EnglishPart A21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. D 29. B 30. D31. C 32. A 33. B 34. C 35. D 36. A 37. C 38. D 39. A 40. BPart B41. interprets 42. considered 43. enhance 44. authorities 45. complex 46. hypothetical 47. obtained 48. influence 49. abstract 50. breakthrough Section III: Listening ComprehensionPart A51. B 52. C 53. B 54. C 55. A56. B 57. A 58. C 59. A 60. CPart B61. D 62. B 63. A 64. C 65. D66. A 67. C 68. B 69. D 70. ASection IV: TranslationPart A71. The key to a successful career is continuous learning and self-improvement.Part B72. I will stay up late to finish this project, only if it is absolutely necessary.Section V: WritingPrompt: Discuss the impact of global warming on the environment and propose possible solutions.Global Warming: Impacts and SolutionsIntroduction:In recent years, the issue of global warming has become a major concern for both scientists and the general public. This essay explores the impacts of global warming on the environment and offers possible solutions to tackle this complex problem.Impacts of Global Warming:1. Rising temperatures: Global warming has resulted in a significant increase in average temperatures worldwide. This has led to the melting of glaciers and polar ice caps, threatening the habitat of many species and leading to rising sea levels.2. Extreme weather events: The frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, droughts, and heatwaves, have been observed to increase due to global warming. These events have devastating consequences for both human beings and ecosystems.3. Disruption of ecosystems: Global warming has disrupted ecosystems by altering temperature and rainfall patterns, causing shifts in habitats and loss of biodiversity. This can lead to the extinction of vulnerable species and affect the overall balance of ecosystems.Possible Solutions:1. Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions: Implementing stricter regulations and policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is crucial. This can be achieved through promoting renewable energy sources, encouraging energy efficiency, and adopting cleaner transportation methods.2. Afforestation and reforestation: Planting trees and restoring forests is an effective way to mitigate global warming. Trees absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, acting as natural carbon sinks. Additionally, forests help regulate local temperatures and support diverse ecosystems.3. Public awareness and education: Educating the public about the impacts of global warming and the importance of sustainable living is essential. This can be done through educational programs, campaigns, and media platforms to raise awareness and promote responsible environmental practices.4. International cooperation: Addressing global warming requires international collaboration. Countries must come together to shareknowledge, resources, and technologies in order to develop innovative solutions and implement effective measures on a global scale.Conclusion:In conclusion, global warming poses significant threats to the environment, including rising temperatures, extreme weather events, and ecosystem disruption. However, by implementing solutions such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions, afforestation, raising public awareness, and fostering international cooperation, we can mitigate the impacts of global warming and move towards a more sustainable future for our planet.总结 (Conclusion):在这篇文章中，我们讨论了全球变暖对环境的影响，并提出了可能的解决方案。

2017考研南京大学211翻译硕士考研真题回忆

2017考研南京大学211翻译硕士考研真题回忆211翻译硕士英语第一部分改错10个不同的角色可能会影响人们在同一场景下的体验。

老师和学生们虽然都在课堂上，但他们的体验不一样第二部分阅读do we have a preferred learning style?主要讲了meshing，我理解的是因材施教，根据每个学生喜欢的学习方式教学，是否对提高学习效果有明显的好处，文章里有大量的studies，结果证明虽然感觉上这种学习和教学方式对提高学习成绩有益，但说evidence，还是不那么令人信服。

选择题5个，与文章内容有关给释义在文中找单词5个简答题2道共15分，100词左右回答问题1作者对标题问句的答案2summarize the findings of the studies on meshing on learning对比阅读three kinds of learning styles听觉学习方式，视觉学习方式，和动手/经验学习方式。

简答题2道共15分，1.用你自己的话定义三种学习方式2.你是哪一种学习方式，至少举一个例子说明第三部分作文500字Alb ert Einstein once said“if you can\'t explain it simply, you don\'t understand it well enough” to what extend do you agree,write your opinion and support it with at least two reasons.357翻译基础第一部分词语20个新词有sitcom,区域协同发展，其他都是历年真题，MasscultNATOnegative population growthOPECsitcomworld intellectual property organazationIMFEuropean economic community区域协同发展海选社区医院国有资产安全打假网民第二部分句子翻译3句30分1.中国梦是实现国家富强，民族复兴，人民幸福，是和平，发展，合作，共赢的梦。

211-翻译硕士英语 2019 A卷

姓名：报考专业：准考证号码：密封线内不要写题年全国硕士研究生招生考试初试自命题试题科目名称：翻译硕士英语（ A 卷□B 卷）科目代码：考试时间： 3 小时满分 100 无 □计算器 □直尺 □圆规（请在使用工具前打√）注意：所有答题内容必须写在答题纸上，写在试题或草稿纸上的一律无效；考完后试题随答题纸交回。

Part I. Vocabulary and Grammar (20 points, 1 point for each) Directions: There are 20 statements in this section. After each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Select the only one choice that best completes the statement. Write your answers on your answer sheet.the networks to local cable operators and satellite programmers.Part III. Reading Comprehension (40 points, 2 point for each) Directions: Read the following passages and answer the questions. Choose the most appropriate answer for each question and circle the letter on the answer sheet. Remember to write the letter corresponding to the question number.Questions 31-35 are based on the following passage:The health-care economy is filled with unusual and even unique economic relationships. One of the least understanding involves the peculiar roles of producer or “provider”and purchaser or “consumer”in the typical doctor-patient relationship. In most sectors of the economy, it is the seller who attempts to attract a potential buyer with various inducements of price, quality, and utility, and it is the buyer who makes the decision. Such condition, however, does not prevail in most of the health-care industry.In the health-care industry, the doctor-patient relationship is the mirror image of the ordinary relationship between producer and consumer. Once an individual has chosen to see a physician — and even then there may be no real choice — it is the physician who usually makes all significant purchasing decisions: whether the patient should return “next Wednesday”, whether X-rays are needed, whether drugs should be prescribed, etc. It is a rare and sophisticated patient who will challenge such professional decisions or raise in advance questions about price, especially when the disease is regarded as serious.This is particularly significant in relation to hospital care. The physician must certify the need for hospitalization, determine what procedures will be performed, and announce when the patient may be discharged. The patient may be consulted about some of these decisions, but in the main it is the doctor’s judgments that are final. Little wonder then that in the eye of the hospital it is the physician who is the real “consumer”. As a consequence, the medical staff represents the “power center” in hospital policy and decision-making, not the administration.Although usually there are in this situation four identifiable participants — the physician, the hospital, the patient, and the payer (generally an insurance carrier or government) —the physician makes the essential decisions for all of them. The hospital becomes an extension ofthe physician; the payer generally meets most of the bills generated by the physician/hospital, and for the most part the patient plays a passive role. We estimate that about 75-80 percent of health-care expenditures are determined by physicians, not patients. For this reason, the economy directed at patients or the general is relatively ineffective.31. What’s the author’s main purpose in writing this passage?A. To criticize doctors for exercising too much control over patients.B. To analyze some important economic factors in health-care.C. To urge hospitals to reclaim their decision-making authority.D. To inform potential patients of their health-care rights.32. In the health-care industry, the patients _____________.A. perform the role of being “providers”B. decide which physician to consultC. never raise questions about priceD. never consult with the doctors33. According to the author, when a doctor tells a patient to “return next Wednesday”, thedoctor is in effect _____________.A. instructing the patient to buy more medical servicesB. warning the patient that a hospital stay might be necessaryC. advising the patient to seek a second opinionD. admitting that the initial visit, was ineffective34. Doctors are able to determine hospital policies most probably because _____________.A. it is doctors who generate income for the hospitalB. a doctor is ultimately responsible for a patient’s healthC. most of the patients don’t challenge the doctor’s decisionsD. the administration doesn’t know about medicine as much as doctors35. The author is most probably leading up to _____________.A. an analysis of the role of the hospital administrationB. a study of lawsuits against doctors’ malpracticeC. a discussion of a new medical treatmentD. a proposal to control medical costsQuestions 36-40 are based on the following passage:A massive pool of warm ocean water is causing changes in the atmosphere that could produce unusual weather around the world in the next few months, the US National Weather Service reported on Monday. As a result of this phenomenon, known as El Nino, more rainfall than normal is likely this winter across some areas of the United States, with unusually warm or cold weather in other parts of the country.Currently the phenomenon is marked by a warm pool of water along the equator extending from the International Date Line nearly to the coast of South America. “That water is nearly 4 degrees Fahrenheit above normal”, explained Vernon Kousky of the climate center.This warm water “spreads almost a quarter of the way around the globe. So it’s massive and it has an impact on our weather. It has a global influence... because it disturbs the atmosphere”, said Dave Rodenhuis, director of the climate center. “El Nino is probably the most important climate event beyond the annual cycle of seasons”, he added.Because the changes tended to be first noticed around Christmas, the phenomenon was given the name El Nino, which is Spanish for child, a term often used to refer to the baby Jesus. The phenomenon occurs every three to five years, sometimes in a mild form and sometimes strongly affecting weather patterns worldwide. Details of its cause are not fully understood, but when it occurs, unusually warm air can be pumped into Canada, Alaska and the northern United States. At the same time, conditions tend to be wetter than normal along the US Southeast Coast and the Gulf of Mexico. And the Atlantic and Caribbean hurricane season tends to be milder than usual.The strong El Nino of 1982-1983 was blamed for worsening the devastating drought in Africa, causing a series or severe winter storms to come ashore in California, spawning the first typhoon to strike French Polynesia in 75 years —followed by five more in five months —deluging Peru and Ecuador with torrential rains and promoting the worst drought in two centuries in Australia.Overall damage was estimated at between $2 billion and $8 billion by a United Nations analysis and the death toll topped l,500 worldwide.36. El Nino can best be described as _____________.A. unusually long period of hot or cold weatherB. unusual changes of weather around the worldC. atmospheric change caused by warm ocean waterD. rising temperature of the ocean water and atmosphere37. The warm water is affecting the weather globally because _____________.A. its temperature is too much above normalB. it covers a vast area in the worldC. it is one of the most important climate eventsD. its influence begins from the equator38. Which of the following is TRUE about the naming of El Nino?A. The name had something to do with Christianity.B. The name was given by a religious researcher.C. The name indicates that El Nino most usually happens around Christmas.D. The name implies that the first phenomenon of El Nino appeared in Spain.39. What is least known about El Nino according to the passage?A. The climate changes caused by El Nino.B. The areas influenced by El Nino.C. How often El Nino happens.D. How El Nino is formed.40. What does the author want to tell us about El Nino by the last two paragraphs?A. The UN’s concern about it.B. The measures taken against it.C. Its intensity.D. Its frequency.Questions 41-45 are based on the following passage:In the early days of nuclear power, the United States make money on it. But today opponents have resisted its development that no nuclear plants have been ordered or built here in 12 years.The greatest fear of nuclear power opponents has always been a reactor “meltdown”. Today, the chances of a meltdown that would threaten U. S. public health are very little. But to even further reduce the possibility, engineers are testing new reactors that rely not on human judgment to shut them down but on the laws of nature. Now General Electric is already building two advanced reactors in Japan. But don’t expect them even on U. S. shores unless things change in Washington.The procedure for licensing nuclear power plants is a bad dream. Any time during or even after construction, an objection by any group or individual can bring everything to a halt while the matter is investigated or taken to court. Meanwhile, the builder must add nice-but-not-necessary improvements, some of which force him to knock down walls and start over. In every case when a plant has been opposed, the Nuclear Regulation Commission has ultimately granted a license to construct or operate. But the victory often costs so much that the utility ends up abandoning the plant anyway.A case in point is the Shoreham plant on New York’s Long Island. Shoreham was a virtual twin to the Millstone plant in Connecticut, both ordered in the mid-60’s. Millstone, completed for $101 million, has been generating electricity for two decades. Shoreham, however, was singled out by antinuclear activists who, by sending in endless protests, drove the cost over $5 billion and delayed its use for many years.Shoreham finally won its operation license. But the plant has never produced a watt power. Governor Mario Cuomo, an opponent of a Shoreham startup, used his power to force New York’s public-utilities commission to accept the following settlement: the power company couldpass the cost of Shoreham along to its consumers only if it agreed not to operate the plant. Today, a perfectly good facility, capable of servicing hundreds of thousands of homes, sits rusting.41. What’s the author’s attitude toward the development of nuclear power?A. Negative.B. Neutral.C. Positive.D. Questioning.42. What has made the procedure for licensing nuclear power plants a bad dream?A. The inefficiency of the Nuclear Regulation Commission.B. The enormous cost of construction and operation.C. The length of time it takes to make investigations.D. The objection of the opponents of nuclear power.43. What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?A. There are not enough safety measures in the U. S. for running new nuclear power plants.B. It is not technical difficulties that prevent the building of nuclear power plants in theU. S.C. There are already more nuclear power plants than necessary in the U. S.D. The American government will not allow Japanese nuclear reactors to be installed in theU. S.44. Governor Mario Cuomo’s chief intention in proposing the settlement was to ____________.A. stop the Shoreham plant from going into operationB. urge the power company to further increase its power supplyC. permit the Shoreham plant to operate under certain conditionsD. help the power company to solve its financial problems45. What does the phrase “single out” mean?A. Delay.B. End up.C. Complete.D. Separate.Questions 46-50 are based on the following passage:A lot of animals are afraid during an eclipse of the sun. Birds stop singing. Sometimes people too are afraid. Astronomers know the dates of eclipses and they are not afraid. The old astronomers of Babylon and Egypt had no telescopes; but the sky in those countries was usually clear, so they could watch the stars easily. They studied everything in the sky and they also noticed both total and partial eclipses.Because they knew the dates of eclipses, they had great power. People believed that the sky was important. They believed that an eclipse could kill a man.About 2500 years ago there was a very long war. One battle followed another, and the end never came. During one of the battles, there was a partial eclipse of the sun. The day got very dark, and the soldiers on both sides were filled with fear. They believed that the gods were angry. So they stopped fighting, and ended their long war.The sun is a star. It appears to be bigger than any other star. That is because it is near us; but the other stars are far away. The sun shines because it is very hot, but the moon shines because it reflects the sun’s light. It is like a big mirror. If we visited the moon, we should see the earth. It is also like a mirror and it reflects the light of the sun.Does the sun ever get dark during the day? It does so when the moon hides it. Sometimes the moon goes in front of the sun. We can watch its edge when it slowly crosses the sun’s disc. Everything gets darker and darker; then, at last, we cannot see any part of the sun’s disc. The moon is hiding it completely. That is a total eclipse of the sun; sometimes only part of the sun’s disc is hidden; that is not a total eclipse. It is a partial eclipse of the sun.46. What is the passage mainly about?A. The old astronomers.B. Eclipse of the sun.C. The eclipses in Babylon and Egypt.D. The correlation between the sun and the earth.47. What can be concluded from the passage?A. All people are afraid of eclipse of the sun.B. The old astronomers could watch the stars easily with telescopes.C. The old astronomers had no interest in the sky.D. The date of eclipse could be forecast.48. Why did the war mentioned in the Paragraph 3 end?A. Because the astronomers used their great power to stop it.B. Because an eclipse killed the soldiers on both sides.C. Because the war took so long time that the soldiers felt tired.D. Because a partial eclipse of the sun happened during one of the battles.49. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. The sun is very hot because it shines.B. The moon can shine because it is a star.C. Other stars appear to be smaller than the sun because they are far away.D. The earth cannot reflect the light of the sun because it isn’t a real mirror.50. Why does an eclipse of the sun happen according to the passage?A. Because the moon passes between the sun and the earth.B. Because the sun gets dark during the day.C. Because the earth’s shadow falls on the moon.D. Because no light from the sun can reach the moon.Part IV. Writing (30 points)51.Directions: Nowadays cultural self-confidence is a hot topic in China. Some。

南京大学外国语学院《211翻译硕士英语》[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解

目　录2010年南京大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2011年南京大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2012年南京大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2013年南京大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2014年南京大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2010年南京大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解Part O e: Proof ReadingThe following sentences contain some errors. Copy and edit them on your answer sheet. (1.5×10) 1．An important information I got from her is our teacher’s new marriage.2．She had a lot of difficulty with the long vowel /ei/, so I taught her how to pronounce.3．The tutor asked the pupils: “How to write an essay on your mother?”4．The volleyball players of our department went through very tough training for a whole semester and finally win the championship of the university.5．I felt frustrated and wondered why my English wasn’t improved even after having watched many movies and read many books.6．The news of the H1N1 flu worried the headmaster, but another news was upbeat: so far, everyone in his school was healthy.7．All of us in the class would like to become a teacher in the future.8．In high school, we had to take many classes, Chinese, English, physics, chemistry, mathematics and history and so on.9．The students found it dissatisfied that their hard work was not rewarded or recognized. 10．The university attaches great importance to teacher’s research and publications.【答案与解析】1．An: The（information为不可数名词，因此将An改为The。

2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题参考答案

2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题参考答案2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)Today we live in a world where GPS systems, digital maps, and other navigation apps are available on our smart phones. I of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone. But phones 2 on batteries, and batteries can die faster than we realize,3 you get lost withouta phone or a compass, and you 4 cant find north, a few tricks to help you navigate_5 to civilization, one of which is to follow the land.When you find yourself well 6 a trail, but not in a completely 7 area, you have to answer two questions: Which 8 is downhill, in this particular area? And where is the nearest water source? Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys, and on supplies of fresh water._9 ,ifyou head downhill, and follow any H20 you find, you should 10 see signs of people If you’ve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sights-you may be 11how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings.Another 12 Climb high and look for signs of human habitation. 13 even in dense fores, you should be able to 14 gaps in the tree line due to roads, train tracks, and otherpaths people carve 15 the woods. Head toward these 16 to find a way out. At mightcan the horizon for 17 light sources such as fires and streetlights, then walk toward the glowof light pollution.18 , assuming you're lost in an area humans tend to frequent, look for the 19 weleave on the landscape. Trail blazes tire tracks. and other features can 20 you to civilization.1.[A]Some [B]Most [C] Few [D] All2.[A]put [B]take [C] run [D] come3. [A]Since [B]If [C]Though [D] until4. [A]Formally [B]relatively [C] gradually [D] literally5. [A] back [B]next [C] around [D] away6. [A] onto [B]off [C]across [D] alone7. [A] unattractive [B]uncrowded [C]unchanged [D]unfamiliar8.[A] site [B]point [C]way [D] place9. [A] So [B]Yet [C]Instead [D] BesideslO. [A] immediately [B] intentionally [C] unexpectedly[D]eventually11.[A] surprised [B] annoyed [C] frightened [D]confused12.[A] problem [B]option [C]view [D] result13. [A] Above all [B] In contrast [C]On average [D] For example14. [A]bridge [B] avoid [C]spot [D] separate15. [A]form [B]through [C] beyond [D] Under16. [A] posts [B]links [C] shades [D]breaks17. [A] artificial [B] mysterious [C]hidden [D]limited18. [A] Finally [B]Consequently [C]Incidentally [D] Generally19. [A] memories [B]marks [C]notes [D]belongings20. [A]restrict [B]adopt [C] lead [D] exposeSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts, Answer the questions each text by choosing A B. C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (40 points)Text 1Financial regulators in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks. Starting next year. any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 1o years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing. The main purpose of this " clawback" rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk taking and to restore public trust in financial institution, Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit: more long term decision-making not only by banks but by all corporations, to build a stronger economy for future generations.“Short-termism” or the desire for quick profits, has worsened in publicly traded companies. says the Bank of England's top economist. Andrew Haldane. He quotes a gaint of classical economics, Alfred Marshall in describing this financial impatience as acting like" Children who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once” rather than puttin g them aside to be eaten last.The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain. he notes has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades. Transient investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can hinder a firms efforts to invest in lone-term researchor to build up customer loyalty. This has been dubbed"quarterly capitalism”.In addition, new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities quicker use of information, and thus shorters attention spans in financial markets. " There seems to be a predominance of short- term thinking at the expense of long-term investing,” said Commissioner Daniel Gallagher of the US Securities and Exchange Commission in a speech this week.In the US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Acl of 2002 has pushed most public companies to defer performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year, slightly helping reduce"short-termism. " In its latest survey of CEO pay The Wall street Journal finds that"a substantial part"of executive pay is now tied to performance.Much more could be done to encourage "long-termism, such as changes in the tax codeand quicker disclosure of stock acquisitions. In France, shareholders who hold onto a company investment for at least two years can sometimes can more voting rights in a company.Within companies, the right compensation design can provide incentives for executives to think beyond their own time at the company and on behalf of all stakeholders, Britain’s new rule is a reminder to bankers that society has an interest in their performance not just for the short term but for the long term.21. According to Paragraph 1, one motive in imposing the new rule is theA. enhance bankers' sense of responsibilityB help corporations achieve larger profitsC. build a new system of financial regulationD. guarantee the bonuses of top executives22. Alfred Marshall is quoted to indicateA. the conditions for generating quick profitsB. governments impatience in decision-makingC. the solid structure of publicly traded companiesD. "short-termism" in economic activities23. It is argued that the influence of transient investment on public companies can beA. inditedB. adverseC. minimal D temporary24. The US and France examples and used to illustrateA. the obstacles to preventing "short-termism.B. the significance or long term thinking.C. the approaches to promoting long-termism.D. the prevalence of short-term thinking.25. Which of the following would be the best title for the textA. Failure of Quarterly CapitalismB. Patience as a Corporate VirtueC. Decisiveness Required of Top ExecutivesD. Frustration of Risk-taking BankersText 2Grade inflation-the gradual increase in average GPAs (grade-point averages) over the past few decades-is often considered a product of a consumer era in higher education, in which students are treated like customers to be pleased. But another, related force -a policy often buried deep in course catalogs called grade forgiveness"- is helping raise GPAs.Grade forgiveness allows students to retake a course in which they received a low grade, and the most recent grade or the highest grade is the only one that counts in calculating a student's overall GPA.The use of this little-known practice has accelerated in recent years, as colleges continue to do their utmost to keep students in school (and paying tuition) and improve their gradation rates. When this practice fir started decades ago, it was usually limited to freshmen, to give them a second chance to take a class in their first year if they struggled in their transition to college-level courses. But now most colleges, save for many selective campuses, allow all undergraduates, and even graduate students, to get their low grades forgiven.College officials tend to emphasize that the goal of grade forgiveness is less about the grade itself and more about encouraging students to retake courses critical to their degree program and gradation without incurring a big penalty. "Untimely. "said Jack Mine, Ohio State University's registrar. "we see students achieve more success because they retake a course and do better in subsequent contents or master the content that allows them to graduate on time.That said, there is a way in which grade forgiveness satisfies colleges own needs as well. For public institutions state finds are sometimes tied partly to their success on metrics such as graduation rates and student retention so better grades can, by boosting figures like those, mean more money. And anything that raises GPAs will likely make students who, at the end of the day are paying the bill-feel they’ve gotten a better value for their tuition dollars, which is another big concern for colleges.Indeed grade forgiveness is just another way that universities are responding to consumers' expectations for higher education. Since students and parents expect a college degree to lead to a job, it is in the best interest of a school to tum out gradates who are as qualified as possible-orat least appear to be. On this, students' and colleges’ incentives seem to be aligned.26. What is commonly regarded as the cause of grade inflation?A. The change of course catalogs.B. Students indifference to GPAS.C Colleges neglect of GPAS.D. The influence of consumer culture.27. What was the original purpose of grade forgivenessA. To help freshmen adapt to college learning.B. To maintain colleges graduation rates.C. To prepare graduates for a challenging future.D. To increase universities’ income from tuition.28. According to Paragraph 5. grade forgiveness enables collegesA. obtain more financial support.B. boost their student enrollments.C. improve their teaching quality.D. meet local governments’ needs.29. What does the phrase “to be aligned” (Line 5. Para. 6) most probably mean?A. To counterbalance each otherB. To complement each other.C. To be identical with each otherD. To be contradictory to each other.30. The author examines the practice of grade forgiveness byA assessing its feasibilityB.analyzing the causes behind it.C. comparing different views on it.D. listing its long-run effectsText 3This year marks exactly two centuries since the publication of Frankenstein, or. The Modem Prometheus by Mary Shelley. Even before the invention of the electric light bulb, the author produced a remarkable work of speculative fiction that would foreshadow many chical questions to be raised by technologies yet to come.Today the rapid growth of artificial intelligence (An) raises fundamental questions: "What is intelligence, identity, or consciousness? what makes humans humans?What is being called artificial general intelligence, machines that would imitate the wayhumans think continues to evade scientists. Yet humans remain fascinated by the idea of robots that would look, move, and respond like humans, similar to those recently depicted on popularsci-fi Tv series such as"Westworld and"Humans".Just how people think is still far too complex to be understood let alone reproduced, says David Eagleman, a Stanford University neuroscientist, "We are just in a situation where there are no good theories explaining what consciousness actually is and how you could ever build a machine to get there.”But that doesn't mean crucial ethical issues involving Al aren't at hand. The coming use of autonomous vehicles. for example poses thorny ethical questions. Human drivers sometime make split-second decisions. Their reactions may be a complex combination of instant reflexes. input from past driving experiences, and what their eyes and ears tell them in that moment. AI "vision"today is not nearly as sophisticated as that of humans. And to anticipate every imaginable driving situation is adifficult programming problem.Whenever decisions are based on masses of data. "you quickly get into a lot of ethical questions, "notes Tan Kiat How, chief executive of a Singapore-based agency that is helping the government develop a voluntary code for the ethical use of Al. Along with Singapore, other governments and mega-corporations are beginning to establish their own guidelines. Britain is setting up a data ethics center. India released its Al ethics strategy this spring.On June 7 Google pledged not to"design or deploy Ar" that would cause"overall harm, "orto develop Al-directed weapons or use Al for surveillance that would violate international norms. It also pledged not to deploy AI whose use would violate international laws or human rights.While the statement is vague, it represents one starting point, So does the idea that decisions made by Al systems should be explainable, transparent. and fair.To put it another way. How can we make sure that the thinking of intelligent machines reflects humanit y’s highest values? Only then will they be useful servants and not Frankenstein’s out-of-control monster.31. Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein is mentioned becauseA. fascinates Al scientists all over the worldB.has remained popular for as long as 200 years.C. involves some concerns raised by Al todayD.has sparked serious ethical controversies32. In David Eagleman's opinion, our current knowledge of consciousnessA. helps explain artificial intelligence.B. can be misleading to robot makingC. inspires popular sci-fi TV seriesD.is too limited for us to reproduce it33.The solution to the ethical issues brought by autonomous vehiclesA. can hardly ever be found.B. is still beyond our capacityC. causes little public concernD.has aroused much curiosity34. The authors attitude toward Google’s pledges is one ofA. AffirmationB. skepticismC. contemptD. respect35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. Al’s Future: In the Hands of Tech giantsB. Frankenstein, the Novel Predicting the Age of AC. The Conscience of Al: Complex But InevitableD. AI Shall Be Killers once out of ControlText 4States will be able to force more people to pay sales tax when they make online purchases under a Supreme Court decision Thursday that will leave shoppers with lighter wallets but is a big financial win for states.The Supreme Courts opinion Thursday overruled a pair of decades-old decisions that states said cost them billions of dollars in lost revenue annually. The decisions made it more difficult for states to collect sales tax on certain online purchases.The cases the court overturned said that if a business wasshipping a customers purchase to a state where the business didn’t have a physical presence such as a warehouse or office. the business did 't have to collect sales tax for the state. Customers were generally responsible for paying the sales tax to the state themselves if they weren’t charged it, but most didn’t realize they owed it and few paid.Justice Anthony Kennedy wrote that the previous decisions were flawed. Each year the physical presence rule becomes further removed from economic reality and results in significant revenue losses to the States." he wrote in an opinion joined by four other justices, Kennedy wrote that the rule limited states ability to seek long-term prosperity and has prevented market participants from competing on an even playing field.”The ruling is a victory for big chains with a presence in many states, since they usually collect sales tax on online purchases already Now, rivals will be charging sales tax where they hadn't before, Big chains have been collecting sales tax nationwide because they typically have physical stores in whatever state a purchase is being shipped to. Amazon. com. with its network of warehouses also collects sales tax in every state that charges it, though third-party sellers who use the site don 't have to.Until now, many sellers that have a physical presence in only a single state or a few states have been able to avoid charging sales taxes when they ship to addresses outside those states Sellers that use eBay and Etsy. which provide platforms for smaller sellers, also hatcollecting sales tax nationwide. Under the ruling Thursday, states can pass lawsout.. state sellers to collect the state's sales tax from customers and send it to the stale Retail trade groups praised theruling. saying it levels the playing field for local and online businesses. The losers, said retail analyst Neil Saunders, are online-only retailers especially smaller ones. Those retailers may face headaches complying with various state sales tax laws. The Small Business Entrepreneurship Council advocacy group said in a statement "Small businesses and internet entrepreneurs are not well served at all by this decision.36. The Supreme Court decision Thursday willA. Dette business relations with statesB. put most online business in a dilemmaC. make more online shoppers pay sules taxD. force some sates to ct sales tax37. It can be learned from paragraph 2 and 3 that the overruled decisionsA. have led to the domainance of e-commerceB. have cost consumers a lot over the yearsC. were widely criticized by online purchaseD. were consider unfavorable by states38. According to Justice Anthony Kennedy, the physical presence rule hasA. hindered economic developmentB. brought prosperity to the countryC. harmed fair market competitionD. Boosted growth in states, revenue39. Who are most likely to welcome the Supreme Court rulingA. Internet entrepreneursB. Big- chair ownersB. Third-party sellersD. Small retailers40. In dealing with the Supreme Court decision Thursday the authorA. gives a factual account of it and discusses its consequencesB. describes the long and complicated process of its makingC. presents its main points with conflicting views on themD. cities some saces related to it and analyzes their implicationsPart BDirections.The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45. you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling then into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A. These tools can help you win every argument- not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about the issues that divide people learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them. If we readjust our view of arguments-from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain mutual respect, and understanding-then we change the very nature of what it means to"win"an argument.B. Of course, many discussions are not so successful. Still, we need to be careful not to accuse opponents of bad arguments too quickly. We need to lean how to evaluate them properly. A large part of evaluation is calling out bad arguments, but we also need to admit good arguments by opponents and to apply the same critical standards to ourselves. Humility requires you torecognize weakness in your own arguments and sometimes also to accept reasons on the opposite side.C. None of these will be easy but you can start even if others refuse to Next time you state your position, formulate an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good. Next time you talk with someone who takes a stand, ask them to give you a reason for their view Spell out their argument fully and charitably. Assess its strength impartially. Raise objections and listen carefully to their replies.D. Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, which is how we often think of them. Like physical tights, verbal fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win, you end up no better off. Your prospects would be almost as dismal if arguments were even just competitions like. Say, tennis games. Pairs of opponents hit the ball back and forth until one winner emerges from all who entered. Everybody else loses. This kind of thinking is why so many people try to avoid arguments. especially about politics and religion.E. In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People, Dale Carnegie wrote: "There isonly one way. to get the best of an argument-and that is to avoid it. " This aversion to arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes profound problems for our personal and social lives- and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.F. These views of arguments also undermine reason. If you see a conversation as a fight or competition. you can win by cheating as long as you don go caught. You will be happy to convince people with bad arguments. You can call their views stupid or joke about how ignorant they are. None of these trickswill help you understand them, their positions or the issues that divide you, but they can help you win-in one way.G. There is a better way to win arguments. Imagine that you favor increasing the minimum wage in our state, and I do not. If you yell, "Yes, "and I yell. "No, "neither of us learns anything. We neither understand nor respect each other. and we have no basis for compromise or cooperation. In contrast, suppose you give a reasonable argument: that full-time workers should not have to live in poverty. Then I counter with another reasonable argument: that a higher minimum wage will force businesses to employ fewer people for less time. Now we can understand each other's positions and recognize our shared values, since we both care about needy workers.41-42-F-43-44-C-45Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)It was only after I started to write a weekly column about the medical journals, and beg read scientific papers from beginning to end that I realized just how bad much of the medical literature frequency was, I came to recognize various sins of a bad paper: the kind of paper that purports to show that people who est more than one kilo of broccoli a week were 1.17 times more likely than those who eat less to suffer late in life from pernicious anaemia. 46. There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generate both health scores and short-lived dietary enthusiasms.Why is so much bad science published? A recent paper, titled “The Natural Selection of Bad Science”, published on the Royal Society’s open science website, attempts to answer this intriguing and important question. It says that the problem is not merely than people do bad science,but than out current system of career advancement positively encourages it.what is important is not truth, but inflationary process at work: (47) Nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers than would have been required for the same post only 10 years ago. Never mind the quality,then count the number. (48)Attempts have been made to curd this tendency,for example by trying to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicant’s papers. This is the famed citation index,that is to say the number of times a paper has beenquoted else where in the scientific literature the assumption being that an important paper will be cited more often than one of small account. (49) This would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that scientist can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publicat or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favours.Boiling down an individual’s output to simple metrics, such as number of publications or journal impacts,entails considerable saving in time,energy and ambiguity.Unfortunate the long-term costs of using simple quantitative metrics to assess researcher merit are likely to be quite great.(50) If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reproducible ,we must ensure that our institutions encourage that king of science.Section III: WritingDirections:Suppose you are working for the “aiding Rural Primary School”project of your univer sity. Write an email to answer the inquiry from an international student volunteer, specifying the details of the project.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET Do not use your own name in the email , use “Li Ming” instead.(10 points)Part BDirections:Write an essay of 160-270 words based on the picture below. In your essay, you should:(1)describe the picture briefly(2)Interpret the implied meaning, and(3)Give your commentsWrite your answer on the ANSWER SHEET(20 points)途中英语一参考答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C orD on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)1.C2.C3.B5. A6.B7.D8. C9.A 10.D11.A 12. B 13.D 14. C 15. B16.D 17. A 18. D 19.B 20. CSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts, Answer the questions each text by choosing A B. C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (40 points)Text 121. A 22.D 23. B 24. C 25. BText 226. D 27. A 28. A 29. C 30. BText 331. C 32. D 33. B 34. A 35. CText 436.C 37.D 38.D 39. B 40. DPart BDirections.The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45. you are required toreorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling then into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)41.E 42. D 43. G 44. B 45.APart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)46.【参考译文】在医学杂志上有很多这样的无稽之谈，如果广播公司和非专业媒体报道这些无稽之谈，那么就会引起健康恐慌和短暂的饮食狂热。

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2019年南京大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题（回忆版）
一、改错变成选择，先给一句句子里面划线部分给出选项，A选项是原来的，要求选出最合适的句子，也可以不变，5道题。

1.考along with的主谓一致和along with前后加不加句号
2.Find it difficult to do的各种变形
3.并列To do
4.……
5.……
二、阅读题型
文章是关于维基百科和大学写作的，大概内容是论维基百科是否有助于高校学生做学术研究A篇不长，三面左右，题目大概是Is Wikipedia good?
选择题4道（2.5*4）
找单词5道(2*5)
问答题7.5*2（100词内）
一道是问作者态度并举例说明
一道是问老师为什么不喜欢维基百科
B篇一面，维基百科的具体作用题目大概是What are productive ways of Wikipedia？问答题2道(5*2)
一道是维基百科可以作为写作来源几方面
一道是问大学研究型写作会不会用到维基百科，为什么，开放性题目
三、作文（40分）
论人的寿命延长现象会给个人还有社会造成哪些影响（500词）。