兰州大学211翻译硕士英语历年考研试题
2020年兰州大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题备考讲解及初试参考书
2020年兰州大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题及参考书【参考资料】1.《汉语写作与百科知识》，首都师范大学出版社，2019 年版2.《翻译硕士MTI 词汇》，首都师范大学出版社，2020 年版一、参考书、复试线、招生人数兰州大学1:4 1.《英译中国现代散文选》，张培基（三册中至少一册），上海外语教育出版社，20072.《高级翻译理论与实践》，叶子南，圣才电子书出版，20193.《中国文化读本》，叶朗、朱良志，外语教学与研究，20164.《汉语写作与百科知识》，李国正，首都师范大学出版社，2019口笔译25人。
复试笔试科目：翻译实务(含笔译、口译)。
备注：1.在公开发表的学术刊物上发表过学术论文。
2.同等学力考生加试科目：英语词汇学、英语文学基础。
育明教育咨询师认为，兰州大学翻译硕士属于中等难度，百科比较偏重现当代文学部分，大家针对性复习。
二、翻译硕士MTI院校信息据说“一校一风格”，是这样么？我不懂所谓的“风格”怎么办？我们经常听到“一校一风格”的议论，大意是说学校不同，命题风格和判卷标准也不同。
前人说“一千个读者就有一千个哈姆雷特”，但今天能不能说“一百个院校就有一百种风格”呢？不能。
从翻译硕士招考院校的试卷看，基本上延续了文学翻译与非文学翻译的二分法。
专业院校注重各自领域，如经贸、外交、法律、理工等，综合类院校往往文学非文学并举，考察以《政府工作报告》为代表的非文学体裁和以张培基《英译散文108篇》为代表的文学体裁，这两种体裁相互交织，构成了目前翻硕招考中翻译命题风格的基本面。
育明教育独家专做考研考博专业课辅导翻译风格是一个常讲常新的问题，但讲得越多不一定讲得越好、越清楚。
一个译者选用何种文体，如文言、现代汉语、诗词等翻译是风格问题，选择何种词汇、结构，如大词难句、小词简单句等翻译也是风格问题，甚至这位译者喜欢用什么词，偏好什么结构也是风格问题。
因此，“风格”是一个较难定义的概念，通常是从文体、词汇（含词频）、结构等角度加以阐释。
兰州大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
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2011年兰州大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解I.Vocabulary and grammar(30’)Multiple choiceDirections:Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.Mark your answers on your answer sheet.1.The Chief Cabinet Secretary ordered all cabinet members yesterday to search campaign fund records for any contributions from an industry,________for tax evasion and links with organized crime.A.accountableB.notoriousC.inexorableD.pregnant【答案】B【解析】句意：昨日内阁官房长官下令所有内阁成员搜索贡献自任何一个行业的活动基金记录，他们因逃税和与组织犯罪有联系而臭名昭著。
notorious声名狼藉的，臭名昭著的。
accountable，有责任的。
inexorable无情的；不屈不挠的。
pregnant怀孕的。
2.She has been gesturing with one hand,to_______what she said.A.rotateB.facilitateC.emphasizeD.substitute【答案】C【解析】句意：她一直用一只手打手势来强调她说的话。
emphasize强调，着重。
rotate 使旋转。
facilitate促进；帮助。
substitute代替。
郑州大学翻译硕士英语11-14.20年真题
2011年攻读硕士学位研究生入学试题学科、专业：英语笔译考试科目名称：翻译硕士英语（A）考试科目代码：211答案一律写在考点统一发的答题纸上，否则无效I.Vocabulary and Grammar(30%)Below each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Choose the ONE answer that best completes each sentence.1.Physics is the present-day equivalent of______used to be called natural philosophy,from ____most of present-day science developed.A.which,whatB.which,whichC.what,whichD.what,that2.The reason why he was accused and put into prison,as it______,was that he was involved in a lot of illegal activities during the war.A.was turned outB.being turned outC.was being turned outD.turned out3.______,it is generally accepted as a favorite color for the wedding gown.A.Unpopular has as white beenB.White has been an unpopular colorC.Unpopular has been as whiteD.Unpopular ans white has been4.Despite the threat of war,most people______their work and life as usual.A.go forB.go afterC.go aboutD.go at5.The jewelry shop was reported in the local newspaper______in broad daylight last night.A.to have been robbedB.having robbedC.having been robbedD.to be robbed6.She has to find a new apartment to live in,for she cannot______the loud music coming from the room upstairs every night.e up withB.catch up withC.put up withD.keep up with7.You cannot eat those apples______they are not ripe yet.A.provided thatB.lestC.as long asD.only if8.Being in no great hurry,______.A.did we take the long but scenic route.B.we took the long but scenic route.C.the long bur scenic route was our preference.D.our preference was taking the long but scenic route.9.The speaker was clever enough to wander from his topic to______on a point that had obviously caught his audience’s attention.A.emphasizeB.interruptC.elaborateD.introduce10.When you take the medicine,be careful not to______the recommended highest amount printed on the bottle.A.excelB.exceedC.surpassD.overtake11.Shortly after the earthquake,the local government began to______food,clothing,and other daily necessities among those people who had lost their homes.A.distributeB.contributeC.attributeD.tribute12.Fresh out of college,the young man is ready to take______heavy responsibilities to improve himself in the shortest time possible.A.outB.onC.inD.after13.We advise you to take a larger size for this cotton T-shirt as it is likely to______when it is washed.A.shrinkB.decreaseC.declineD.withdraw14.The seating______for the new auditorium is5000.A.abilityB.capabilityC.capacityD.quantity15.Danny left this______message on my answering machine：“I must see you.Meet me at seven o’clock.”Did he mean early in the morning or in the evening?I am puzzled.A.contradictoryB.ambiguousC.explicitD.considerate16.The singers in this band are planning to go on a national tour to______their new album.A.proposeB.enhanceC.promoteD.expand17.Ever since the death of his wife,the lonely old man considered the loyal dog his closest______.panionB.accompanypanyD.peer18.Human behaviors are a product of learning,______the behavior of animals depend mainly on this instinct.A.otherwiseB.neverthelessC.whereasD.unless19.In China it is quite common for the hostess to______her way to entertain the visiting relatives and guests.A.go out ofB.go in forC.go withD.go back on20.The annual fee for this medical club is______,covering all the medical examinations, consultation and other services.A.IndicativeB.indefiniteC.intensiveD.inclusive21.It is no good______about the current situation.Why not try to work out a solution to these problems?。
翻译硕士英语2014(211)【试题+答案】
2014年江西师范大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解I. Vocabulary: (1×1, 10 points)Direction: For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.1. —Why, this is nothing but common vegetable soup!— _____, madam. This is our soup of the day.A. Let me seeB. So it isC. Don’t mention itD. Neither do I【答案】B【解析】根据“哎呀，这只是普通的蔬菜汤！”这句话来判断，顾客是在抱怨，而答语是服务员对顾客的话做了“确认”回答，“确实如此，这就是我们今天的汤”。
2. The couple _____ their old house and sold it for a vast profit.A. did forB. did inC. did withD. did up【答案】D【解析】句意：这对夫妇修理了旧房子，然后卖了高价。
do up刷新；修缮。
do for适合。
do in 欺骗；搞垮。
3. —Mother, you promised to take me out.—Well. _____A. So I did!B. So did I.C. So I do!D. So do I.【答案】A【解析】第一个人抱怨妈妈说话不算数，第二句话用了一个语气词well表明她承认自己曾经许诺过这事。
“so+主语+助动词”表示说话人认同对方的看法。
4. Rumors are everywhere, spreading fear, damaging reputations, and turning calm situations into _____ ones.A. turbulentB. tragicC. vulnerableD. suspicious【答案】A【解析】句意：谣言无处不在，散布恐惧，损毁名誉，把平静的局势弄得十分动荡。
2023年暨南大学211 翻译硕士英语考研真题试卷
2023年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（A卷）********************************************************************************************招生专业与代码：英语笔译055101考试科目名称及代码：翻译硕士英语211考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。
I. Vocabulary & Grammar (30%)Directions: There are 30 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose ONE answer thatbest completes the sentence. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. In parts of the Arctic, the land grades into the land-fast ice so _____ that you can walk off the coast and not know you are over the hidden sea.A. permanentlyB. imperceptiblyC. precariouslyD. relentlessly2. It would have been disingenuous of the candidate to appear _____ when her opponent won the election, but she congratulated the victor nonetheless.A. ecstaticB. crestfallenC. indifferentD. disgruntled3. In the midst of so many evasive comments, this forthright statement, whatever its intrinsic merit, plainly stands out as _____.A. a paradigmB. a misnomerC. a profundityD. an anomaly4. Ever a demanding reader of the fiction of others, the novelist Chase was likewise often the object of _____ analyses by his contemporaries.A. exactingB. copiousC. respectfulD. acerbic5. _____ this afternoon, the walls would be completely dry by tomorrow evening.A. By painting themB. If they would have been paintedC. Were they to be paintedD. After painting them6. The doctor _____ me that discomfort would disappear in a couple of days if I followed his advice.A. ensuredB. assuredC. insuredD. secured7. In Inuit culture, elaborate carving has often been used to enhance _____ objects such as harpoon heads and other tools.A. utilitarianB. functionalC. manufacturedD. ornamental考试科目：翻译硕士英语共11 页，第11 页。
各校翻硕真题(精)
考试科目： 351英语翻译基础适用专业：英语口译（MTI）、英语笔译（MTI）（试题共 3 页）（注意：答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题上不给分） I. Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into their target language respectively. There are altogether 30 items in this part of the test, 15 in English and 15 in Chinese, with one pint for each. (30’ 1. OECD 2. NASA 3. IAEA 4. ASEM 5. UNICEF 6. ASEAN 7. APEC 8. IPR 9. CEPA 10. Special Safeguard Mechanism 11. Sub-prime Mortgage Crisis 12. Free Trade Agreement 13. bonded warehouse 14. Encyclopedia Britannica 15. binary opposition 16. 《论语》 17. 《红楼梦》 18. 扫黄打非 19. 西部大开发 20. 高度自治 21. 发烧门诊 22. 转基因食品 23. 小排量汽车 24. 温室气体排放 25. 创业板 26. 中国特色的社会主义市场经济 27. 选秀 28. 外交庇护 29. 稳健的货币政策 30. 摸着石头过河 II. Directions: Translate the following source texts into their target languages respectively. If the source text is in English, its target language is Chinese. If the source text is in Chinese, its target language is English. (120’ Source Text 1: For the Greeks, beauty was a virtue: a kind of excellence. Persons then were assumed to be what we now have to call--lamely, enviously-- whole persons. If it did occur to the Greeks to distinguish between a person's "inside" and "outside," they still expected that inner beauty would be matched by beauty of the other kind. The well-born young Athenians who gathered around Socrates found it quite paradoxical that their hero was so intelligent, so brave, so honorable, so seductive-- and so ugly. One of Socrates' main pedagogical acts was to be ugly-- and to teach those innocent, no doubt splendid-looking disciples of his how full of paradoxes life really was. They may have resisted Socrates' lesson. We do not. Several thousand years later, we are more wary of the enchantments of beauty. We not only split off--with the greatest facility--the 'inside" (character, intellect from the "outside" (looks; but we are actually surprised when someone who is beautiful is also intelligent, talented, good. Source Text 2: Frankly speaking, Adam, I created Eve to tame you. Indeed she is wiser than you because she knows less but understands more. Charm is her strength just as your strength is charm. Doubtless you are active, eager, passionate, variable, progressive and original but she ispassive, stable, sympathetic and faithful. In other words you are like animals which use up energy, whereas she is like the plants which store up energy. Henceforth you have got to get along with her willy-nilly in sun and rain, joys and sorrows, peace and turbulence. For you the Rubicon has been crossed. It is up to you now to make the situation a blessing or a curse. I would refuse to entertain any more request from you to take her back. Source Text 3: 新疆维吾尔自治区地处中国西北边陲，亚欧大陆腹地，面积166.49万平方公里，占中国国土面积六分之一，陆地边境线5600公里，周边与8个国家接壤，是古丝绸之路的重要通道。
211翻译硕士英语试题11
河南科技大学2011年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目代码：211 考试科目名称：翻译硕士英语（如无特殊注明，所有答案必须写在答题纸上，否则以“0”分计算）Part ⅠGrammar and Vocabulary (30%)A. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence (20%).1. ____ in the past, at the moment it is a favorite choice for wedding gown.2. ____ for a long time, theC. There having been no rainD. There being no rain3. The millions of calculations involved, ____ by hand, would have lost all practical value by the time they were finished.A. had they been doneB. they had been doneC. having been doneD. they were done4. Televisions enable us to see things happen almost at the exact momentgC. which they happenD. when they have happenedA. to leaveB. leavingC. to have leftD. leave6. As the train will not leave until one hour later,8. Betty advised mA. Concerning C. In terms of D10. A well written composition ____ good choice of words and clear organization among other11. It is ____ with the customer not to let the shop assistants guess what she really likes and wants until13. George was introduced to ____ activities at a young age, when she was hire to act as a lookout for drug dealers.14. An institution that properly carries the name university is a more comprehensive and complex institution tA. settlementB. establishmentC. constructionD. structure16. JacA. strengthB. directionC. traditionD. tre18. Outside my office window there is a fire ____20. The electricA. pauseB. breakC. interruptionD. breakdownB. Put a word in each blank that is appropriate for the context (10%).Ah, daydreaming. Is 1 anything more pleasant than sitting back and letting your thoughts drift? Well, yes: 2 letting your thoughts drift, for one. Because according to a study published in the journal Science, people are least happy when their minds wander. [M. Killings and Daniel Gilbert, A Wandering Mind Is an Unhappy Mind]Humans, to a degree unmatched by other 3 , are capable of thinking about things outside the here and now— 4 that happened yesterday, or something they hope will happen tomorrow. It’s that sort of itinerant intellect 5 allows us to plan and to learn. But at what cost?Psychologists at Harvard used an iPhone app to find out. 6 random times throughout the day, the program asked some 2,200 participants what they were doing, what they were thinking about and 7 they felt. It turns out that people spend nearly half their waking hours thinking about something other than what they’re doing. And8 whether and where their thoughts tend to 9 is a better predictor of their feelings than what they’re actually up to. The scientists conclude that a wandering mind is an unhappy mind.10 try to focus on, and live in, the present. You might discover that happiness is just being where it’s happening.Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (40%)A.Read the following passages and answer the questions by choosing A, B, C, or D (20%)1.Bragging about your fancy new cell phone is a fleeting pleasure; after all, today's coolest modelsmeasured in years. So if you really want to be ahead of the tech curve, forget the cell-phone wars and check out the new 5.8-GHz cordless phones.Named after the frequency of the radio wave (measured in billions of cycles per second) that carries the signal between the handset and the base station, 5.8-GHz phones promise more clarity because there are fewer devices that operate on the same frequency and thus fewer to cause interference. If you have a cordless phone that is a couple of years old or even a new one that costs less than $50, chances are it is a 900-MHz model that is highly susceptible to static or buzzing from baby monitors, wireless speaker systems and your neighbors' 900-MHz phones. The newer 2.4-GHz units, introduced as an improvement over the 900-MHz models, do get less static, but wireless home networks and microwave ovens can still trigger a snap-crackle-pop effect. Not so the 5.8 GHz. So far, only a few companies sell the new models, and they don't come cheap. Uniden's TRU5865 costs $149, while the Vtech 5831 is $179. I preferred the Uniden because it was static free both inside my apartment and up to a block away. Its compact design hides the antenna inside the handset, and the glowing orange keys and display look sharp. The Vtech got equally clear reception indoors, but I could stray only a few buildings down the block before buzzing set in.But is it really worth an extra $100 (or more) to step up to 5.8 GHz? Maybe, when I tried out the Panasonic KX-TC1481B, a $39 900-MHz model, I could hear other conversations and even music coming through the phone. I got much clearer reception with the Motorola MA351, a $60 2.4-GHz model--except when I turned on my microwave oven and was assaulted by weird vibrating noises coming through the handset. Still, the Motorola is a decent option at a fair price.No matter which kind of phone you're considering, a few other factors are worth keeping in mind. First, ask about battery life. While I liked the reception best on the Uniden, for example, it can go only four hours between charges vs. eight on the Vtech.Next, find out if the phone is analog or digital. Both 5.8-MHz phones are digital, but that's not always the case with the models that use other frequencies, and this makes them an easier target for eavesdroppers. The best digitals use digital spread-spectrum (DDS) technology, which sends the signal down a broad range of frequencies to ensure that it gets through.Finally, shop at a store that offers a money-back guarantee. That way you can torture test the phone for a few days. Then, once you're certain everything's O.K., go ahead and start bragging about it to all your friends.1. How does the author introduce the topic?A. Explaining a phenomenonB. Justifying an assumption.C. Posing a contrastD. Making a comparison.2. Which of the following can be an advantage of Vtech over Uniden?A. A longer battery lifeB. Free of static interference.C. Fashionable outlookD. Compact design.3. The expression “susceptible to” (Line 5, Paragraph 2) most probably means __________.A. relevant withB. adaptable toC. immune fromD. sensitive to4. What is the most distinctive feature of5.8-GHz phones?A. Fairer priceB. Higher clarityC. More attractive modelD. No easier target for eavesdroppers.5. Which of the following is true according to the text?A. It is worthwhile to buy any of 5.8-GHz phones.B. Battery life determines your selection of the phone.C. The earlier you bought the phone, the more static interference you got.D. 5.8-GHz phones are becoming popular with consumers.2As colleges and universities send another wave of graduates out into the world this spring, thousands of other job seekers with liberal-arts degrees like Martin's find themselves in a similar bind. True enough, this is an era of record-breaking lows in unemployment. But technology companies, which are contributing the lion's share of new jobs, are simultaneously declaring a shortage of qualified workers. The emphasis is on the word qualified.It's no surprise that high-tech companies rarely hire liberal-arts graduates. "Our people, our marketers, even our attorneys have technical talent," says Tracy Koon, director of corporate affairs at Intel. The need for technical expertise is so pervasive that even retailers are demanding such skills. "Company-wide, we're looking for students with specific information-systems skills," says David McDearmon, director of field human resources at Dollar Tree Stores. "Typically we shy away from independent-college students who don't have them."Fortunately for Martin, some invaluable help was at hand when he needed it. The Virginia Foundation for Independent Colleges, a network of 15 liberal-arts colleges in the state, has teamed up with local companies to bridge the learning gap faced by its members' graduates. VFIC invited 30 companies, including First Union and Electronic Data Systems, to link the needs of businesses with the skills being taught in college classrooms. With grants from corporate sponsors like AT&T, VFIC asked 20 information-technology managers to help its members create an exam, based on the work students will be expected to do in the real world, to test and certify their technological proficiency.The result, Tek-Xam, is an eight-part test that requires students to design a website, build and analyze spreadsheets, research problems on the Internet and demonstrate understanding of legal and ethical issues. Says Linda Dalch, president of VFIC: "If an art-history major wants a job at a bank, he needs to prove he has the skills. That's where this credential can help." This year 245 students at VFIC's member colleges have gone through the program. The long-term hope is that Tek-Xam will win the same kind of acceptance as the LSAT or CPA for law or accounting students. "To know a student has taken the initiative and passed could mean that less training is needed," explains John Rudin, chief information officer at Reynolds Metals, one of the corporations that helped create the test.All this begs an important question: Has the traditional liberal-arts curriculum become obsolete? College presidents naturally argue that the skills their schools provide are invaluable. A B.A. degree, says Mary Brown Bullock of Atlanta's Agnes Scott College, "gives graduates the ability to reinvent themselves time and time again...and the knowledge and thinking skills that transcend a particular discipline or time frame."Martin is finding that to be the truth. "It would be nice to have computer classes on my transcript,"he says, but Tek-Xam has armed him with the power to learn those skills on his own--and a credential to show he has done so. He's now waiting to hear when his job as a network-support assistant for a large Boston firm will start.6. The main problem many liberal-arts students face in job seeking is ____________.A. too much competition in job marketB. their lack of technical expertiseC. company’s discrimination against liberal-arts studentsD. the recording-breaking unemployment rate7. It can be inferred from the text that _____________.A. in the modern era, technical talent means everything in securing a jobB. independent colleges are not giving their students proper educationC. retailers are following the fashion only to promote salesD. there is a big demand for students with technical skills8. Tek-Xam is designed to _____________.A. offer VFIC members’ graduates more job opportunitiesB. compete with LSAT and CPAC. help students cope with real world problemsD. test students’ technical skills9. We can draw a conclusion from the text that ____________.A. liberal arts education still proves valuable to studentsB.Tek-Xam is gaining wide acceptance among employers and students alikeC. technology companies are eager to promote Tek-XamD. computer classes will be excluded from the curriculum of liberal-arts students10. From the text we can see that the writer seems____________.A. positiveB. suspiciousC. pessimisticD. disapprovingB. Read the following passage and decide whether the statements are TRUE, FALSE, or NOT GIVEN (10%).3There's a dimmer switch inside the sun that causes its brightness to rise and fall on timescales of around 100,000 years - exactly the same period as between ice ages on Earth. So says a physicist who has created a computer model of our star's core.Robert Ehrlich of George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia, modelled the effect of temperature fluctuations in the sun's interior. According to the standard view, the temperature of the sun's core is held constant by the opposing pressures of gravity and nuclear fusion. However, Ehrlich believed that slight variations should be possible.He took as his starting point the work of Attila Grandpierre of the Konkoly Observatory of theHungarian Academy of Sciences. In 2005, Grandpierre and a collaborator, Gábor Aacute calculated that magnetic fields in the sun's core could produce small instabilities in the solar plasma. These instabilities would induce localised oscillations in temperature.Ehrlich's model shows that whilst most of these oscillations cancel each other out, some reinforce one another and become long-lived temperature variations. The favoured frequencies allow the sun's core temperature to oscillate around its average temperature of 13.6 million kelvin in cycles lasting either 100,000 or 41,000 years. Ehrlich says that random interactions within the sun's magnetic field could flip the fluctuations from one cycle length to the other.These two timescales are instantly recognisable to anyone familiar with Earth's ice ages: for the past million years, ice ages have occurred roughly every 100,000 years. Before that, they occurred roughly every 41,000 years.Most scientists believe that the ice ages are the result of subtle changes in Earth's orbit, known as the Milankovitch cycles. One such cycle describes the way Earth's orbit gradually changes shape from a circle to a slight ellipse and back again roughly every 100,000 years. The theory says this alters the amount of solar radiation that Earth receives, triggering the ice ages. However, a persistent problem with this theory has been its inability to explain why the ice ages changed frequency a million years ago."In Milankovitch, there is certainly no good idea why the frequency should change from one to another," says Neil Edwards, a climatologist at the Open University in Milton Keynes, UK. Nor is the transition problem the only one the Milankovitch theory faces. Ehrlich and other critics claim that the temperature variations caused by Milankovitch cycles are simply not big enough to drive ice ages.However, Edwards believes the small changes in solar heating produced by Milankovitch cycles are then amplified by feedback mechanisms on Earth. For example, if sea ice begins to form because of a slight cooling, carbon dioxide that would otherwise have found its way into the atmosphere as part of the carbon cycle is locked into the ice. That weakens the greenhouse effect and Earth grows even colder.According to Edwards, there is no lack of such mechanisms. "If you add their effects together, there is more than enough feedback to make Milankovitch work," he says. "The problem now is identifying which mechanisms are at work." This is why scientists like Edwards are not yet ready to give up on the current theory. "Milankovitch cycles give us ice ages roughly when we observe them to happen. We can calculate where we are in the cycle and compare it with observation," he says. "I can't see any way of testing [Ehrlich's] idea to see where we are in the temperature oscillation."Ehrlich concedes this. "If there is a way to test this theory on the sun, I can't think of one that is practical," he says. That's because variation over 41,000 to 100,000 years is too gradual to be observed. However, there may be a way to test it in other stars: red dwarfs. Their cores are much smaller than that of the sun, and so Ehrlich believes that the oscillation periods could be short enough to be observed. He has yet to calculate the precise period or the extent of variation in brightness to be expected.Nigel Weiss, a solar physicist at the University of Cambridge, is far from convinced. He describes Ehrlich's claims as "utterly implausible". Ehrlich counters that Weiss's opinion is based on the standard solar model, which fails to take into account the magnetic instabilities that cause the temperature fluctuations.11. The ice ages changed frequency from 100,000 to 41,000 years a million years ago.12. The sole problem that the Milankovitch theory cannot solve is to explain why the ice age frequency should shift from one to another.13. Carbon dioxide can be locked artificially into sea ice to eliminate the greenhouse effect.14. Some scientists are not ready to give up the Milankovitch theory though they haven't figured out which mechanisms amplify the changes in solar heating.15. Both Edwards and Ehrlich believe that there is no practical way to test when the solar temperature oscillation begins and when ends.C. Choose the sentences marked A to E to complete the following passage (10%).________16______.The survey, conducted by the Pew Internet and American Life Project, showed that blog readership has shot up by 58% in the last year._______17________. Despite the explosive growth, more than 60% of online Americans have still never heard of blogs, the survey found._______18_______. Companies such as Google and Microsoft provide users with the tools to publish their own blogs.Reading blogs remains far more popular than writing them, the survey found. Only 7% of the 120 million US adults who use the internet had created a blog or web-based diary. _________19________. Just under one in 10 of the US's internet users read political blogs such as the Daily Kos or Instapundit during the US presidential campaign. Kerry voters were slightly more likely to read them than Bush voters.Blog creators were likely to be young, well-educated, net-savvy males with good incomes and college educations, the survey found. ________20________.A. Getting involved is becoming more popular though, with 12% saying they had posted material or comments on other people's blogs.B. Blogs, or web logs, are online spaces in which people can publish their thoughts, opinions or spread news events in their own words.C. This was also true of the average blog reader, although the survey found there was a greater than average growth in blog readership among women and those in minorities.D. Americans are becoming avid blog readers, with 32 million getting hooked in 2004, according to new research.E. Some of this growth is attributable to political blogs written and read during the US presidential campaign.Part Ⅲ Writing (30%)Write a composition of about 400 words on the following topic.What Difference Does Having Money Make to You?。
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