牛津英语模块3unit3单词详解

1．Civilization

It is generally accepted that the Chinese civilization is one of the oldest in the world.

普遍认为中国文化是世界最古老的文化之一

Chinese civilization European civilization world civilization

.2 lecture

(1)n.演讲，讲课

give/deliver a lecture to sb. on sth.关于某事进行演讲

have a lecture 听演讲 go to a lecture去听演讲

The famous professor delivered a lecture on how to protect the environment. (2)v.作演讲，讲课

is lecturing on Russian literature

3 take over接管

In 89BC，the Romans took over Pompeii.

Our chairman has left, so Peter will take over his job from him.我们的主席走了,彼特将接任他的工作.

take sb. in欺骗 take sth. in 理解e

take on 呈现 take off 起飞, 脱下 take up占据 ,着手处理 take charge take away 拿走 take out 拿出

take place take…for.. 把…误认为

When did you take up Japanese as a second foreign language.你什么时间开始选修日语作为第二日语的

.3unfortunately 位于句首，作状语，用来修饰整个句子。

Luckily, frankly, obviously, exactly, honestly, generally, certainly, fortunately Unfortunately, all the people were buried alive after the vocalno erupted..不幸的是,火山爆发后所有的人都被活埋了

.4bury (vt)埋葬,安葬,埋 burial n 埋葬

He was buried in his hometown.他被埋葬在他的故乡

The house was buried under snow.房子被埋在雪下.

be buried in =bury oneself in 埋头于…，专心于…

Jean always buried himself in his work.简总是埋头工作。

Bury oneself in the country.隐居

She buried her face in her hands andcried.她双手掩面哭了起来。

1）______ (bury) himself in novel, he didn’t notice me coming in.

2) _______ (bury) in novel, he didn’t notice me coming in.

5. destroy指彻底毁灭或破坏,以至于不能修复,有时可用于比喻义

The terrible earthquake destroyed the whole city.

They have destroyed all the evidence.

destroy one’s hopes, career, reputation毁掉某人的希望，事业，名誉 destruction 毁灭，破坏

Damage

Un 损害,损失 do damage to 对…造成损坏

The storm did a lot of damage to the crops.这场暴风雨给庄稼带来了巨大的损失. Damages赔偿金

She got a lot of damages from the insurance after het husband died.

她丈夫死后她从保险公司得到了很多赔偿金.

V 指车辆.房屋.庄稼等事物的受伤或毁坏,但往往可以修复

A large number of buildings were damaged in the earthquake.

Smoking has seriously damaged hid health.

对： The destroyed car can be sold as waste iron

错：The damaged car can be sold as waste iron .

Ruin

Un 毁坏,破坏. Ruins废墟,遗迹

An earthquake left the whole town in ruins.地震使整个小镇处在废墟中.

fall into ruins 变成废墟（be ）in ruins成为废墟

the ruins of Rome古罗马遗迹

bring sb to ruin毁灭

come/go to ruin毁灭,崩溃

v毁灭,毁坏,,弄坏,糟蹋,破坏方式不一定很粗暴,也可指对健康,事业的毁坏

the sudden storm ruined the crops. 暴风雨把庄稼毁了。

What he did and said ruined the party last night.

The grand city are now lying in ruins.

Damage destroy ruin

All houses were _____in the flood

His house was the farmer decided to build a new one.

He has ____his health through drinking.

The building is in_________

7. remain

(1)vi.停留，留下，剩下

A few flowers still remained on the tree.

Much remained to be settled.

(2) v. 依旧，仍然是（后面可接形容词，名词，分词和介词短语）

The man remained modest and polite after he was elected minister.

became an engineer but his brother remained a worker.

We will remain in contact with them.

She remained crying after I comforted her.

(3)remaining adj. 剩下的，剩余的 remains n.遗迹，遗址，遗体

don’t you put the meat in the fridge It will ______ fresh for several days.

A. be stayed

B. stay staying D. have stayed

he has taken a lot of medicine,his health____

Poor. A. proves B. remains C. lasts

8. paint

v.①在某物上涂颜料或油漆

paint a house blue

②画画描绘

The girl is good at painting landscapes.

I want to have the table ___painted yellow_________(漆成黄色)

Why not paint the door in different colors

（把门漆成不同的颜色)

Enormous

An enormous house/amount of time/money/information巨大的房子/大量的时间/钱/信息The problems facing the president is enormous.总统面临的问题是巨大的.

heated激烈的 heatedly 激烈地

(1)①.高温，热

This fire doesn’t give out much heat.(名词)

(2) If _heated______ (加热 ),water can turn into steam.(动词)

10. drive

迫使某人行动或进入某一状态drive sb. mad/out of sb’s mind将某人逼疯/使某人丧失理智

Drive sb to work hard 迫使某人拼命干活

Drive sb into a corner逼得某人走投无路

The loud noise of the pe ople in the street almost drove me mad.街上人们的喧闹声几乎使我发疯.

He was driven by hunger to steal.他因饥饿而被迫偷窃.

=Hunger drove him to steal.

(2) 趋赶

The farmer is driving many sheep to market.那位农民正把羊赶到市场去

The Chinese people drove their enemies out of their country.中国人民把敌人从自己的国土上赶了出去.

(3) n.乘车之行 an hour’s drive一个小时的开车路程.

let’s go out for a drive.我们出去开车兜兜风吧

(c )The horrible noise from the man’s room simply_____ me mad.

A. put

B. caused

C. drove

D. turned

11. condition (表示人或事物自身的“状况”时，多作不可数名词）

(1)处境，状况，现状，健康状况

sth. be in good, poor, excellent condition处于好的，坏的，极佳的状况

sb. be in excellent condition身体极好sb. be out of condition身体欠佳

The ship is in no condition to make a long journey. 此船的现状不适宜远航。

He is in excellent condition for a man of his age.就其年龄而言，它身体极好。(2)条件(可数)

Ability is one of the conditions of success。

Their working conditions must be improved.

(3)环境，情况（常用复数）（指人们所处的生活，工作。气候等境况时，是可数名词，且多用复数）

under existing conditions在现有的情况下

housing/living conditions住房条件

词组in good condition状态良好，身体健康，完好无损 out of condition 身体不适in no condition to do不适宜做某事on condition that 条件是，只要 on no condition 决不

You can go swimming on condition that you don’t go too far from the riverside.你可以去游泳,只要不要离河岸太远.

You must on no condition tell him what happened.你决不能把发生的事情告诉他

is out of ____condition______.

are your housing conditions_____ like

can allow you to play football on one _condition____,you must finish your homework first.

12. uncover vt揭露.发现,揭开uncover the pan 揭开锅盖

Police have uncovered a plot to steal the money of the bank.警察已揭露一起偷钱阴谋..

He uncovered the scandal.他揭露那件丑闻。

discover vt.发现，发觉

Who discovered the new continent

13. feed

1.给人或动物食物，喂养，饲养

①feed sb./ sth. feed sb./sth.

What do you feed your dog on

She fed some more milk to the baby.

②以 ---为主食

Cows feed on grass .

③提供原料

feed A with B= feed B into A

The moving belt feeds the machine with raw material/feeds raw material into the machine.传诵带向机器输送原料/把原料输入机器中

sb. be fed up with…对…厌烦，不高兴相当于 be tired of

we are fed up with his long boring speech.

用feed with, feed on, live on, feed into的适当形式填空

1). Don’t _____ the baby ______ spoon.

2). The woman usually ______ the baby ______ milk.

3). Every day he _____ the computer ______ a lot of information.

4). Every day he ______ a lot of information ______ the computer.

5). People in Jiangsu ______ mainly ______ rice.

Solution(C) 解决办法a solution to sth

There is no simple solution to this question.这个问题没有简单的解决方法.

solve a problem

Faithful忠实的,

13Be faithful to sth/sb对…忠诚的

He remained faithful to the ideal of the party until his death.他对党的信念至死忠贞不俞

I have been a faithful reader of your newspaper for many years.多年来我一直是贵报的忠实读者.

a faithful servant/friend/dog

14concerned 担心的,关心的,有关的

Concerned parents held a meeting忧心忡忡的家长们开了一次会..

All members concerned are present at the meeting所有相关的成员都出席了会议. They are very much concerned about the future of their country.他们非常关心国家的前途.

Be concerned about 关心

Be concerned with与…有关,涉及this book is concerned with the relationship between two nations

这本书涉及两国之间的关系.

Concern(vt)涉及,影响,让…担忧. 关心

What happens there directly concerns us 那儿发生的一切和我们有直接关系.

She is always concernng herself about what other people say.她经常关心别人对她的评价.

Concern 担心,关心,关心的事

I feel no concern about the matter.我不担心这件事

She shrowed a great deal of concern for her son’s illness.她非常担心她儿子的病情

14. carry out 完成,实现,贯彻,执行

carry out one’s promise/duty履行诺言/职责

carry out an experiment on(a dog) 做…实验, 对…做实验

carry off夺走 carry on继续进行

they carried on in spite of difficult conditions.

用carry词组的适当形式填空

1) He ______ two gold medals in the Olympic games.

2) Once you make a promise, you must _____ it ______.

3) The top soil was _____ in the flood.

4) _____ with the reform till we succeed.

(carried off, carry out, carried away, Carry on)

Bomb

In 1941,Pearl Harbor was heavily bombed by the Japanese.珍珠港被日本人严重地轰炸了.

C A bomb exploded/went off a bomb attack炸弹攻击

board在船上（飞机上或飞机上，上船（飞机或火车）

As soon as I’m on board, I feel sick.我一上船,就感到恶心.

There are 500 passengers on board the plane在飞机上有5000名乘客..

The moment we went/got on board the train, it started.我们一上火车,车就离开了. 16. sink 下沉,使下沉sank sunk

Wood does not sink in water.

They sank the ship by making a hole in the bottom他们在船底挖了个洞使船下沉.

be sunk in sth. 陷入不快或深思中

she just sat there, sunk in thougt.

Sink into渗入,渐渐进入(不快,消极)状态

The rain sank into the dry ground.雨水渗入干旱的土地中.

She sank into a deep sleep/low mood 她渐渐睡着/陷入消极的情绪.

Sunken ship 沉船

Declare sth/doing/that 无declare todo

The US president declared war against/on Japan.美国总统宣布了对日本的战争. Declare sth (tobe)sth/adj.

I declare this bridge open我宣布这座大桥正式开通.

This area has been declared (to be) a national park这地区被宣布为国家公园.

17. in memory of 纪念

In memory of the Americans who died in the attack, a national memorial was built in Pearl Harbor

类似表达有in search of 寻找--- in honor of 为表达敬意 in the hope of抱着---的希望 in praise of赞扬---

v.影响, 改变

The weather in summer influences the rice crops.夏天的天气影响稻谷的收成.

Un.影响,感化,势力,有影响的人或事(|C)

have influence on=have an effect/impact on对…有影响

The book had/gave/exerted a great influence on his life.着本书对他的人生有很大的影响

a man of influence有权势的人

under the influence of 受…的影响, 由于…的作用

over

19trade

(1)n. Since joining the WTO, China’s trade with Europe has greatly increased.

(2)v. trade with与…做交易 trade in oil/fur经营石油/毛皮 trade sth. for sht. 用…换…trade on sth. 利用

用介词填空

father trade _in___fruit.

have traded _with_____ the company for 20years

child didn’t trade his candy __for___ a watch.

shouldn’t trade _on____ her kindness to take her in.

use在使用中

The laboratory was built in 1900 and is still in use now,实验室建于1900,现在仍在使用.

return (for)作为回报

If you give me your photo, I’ll give you mine in return.

What can I do in return for your help我该做什么来回报你对我的帮助呢

He gave me a book,and in return,I gave him a stamp .他给了我一本书,作为回报,我给了他一张邮票.

Similarity between A and B

Similarity to sb in sth 与某人在某方面有相似之处,

She has a striking similarity to her mother in the way they behave.她在行为方式上与她的妈妈很像

There is some similarity between her and hersister她和她的姐姐有一些相似之处. Be similar to sth/sb in与某人在某方面有相似之处,

Your clothes are similar to mine in color你的衣服和我的在颜色上很相似.

The two houses are similar in size.两座房子在大小上很相似.

Likewise

They went there o foot and I did likewise.他们步行去,我也步行去.

-----Pleased to meet

-----likewise我也是