托福阅读陷阱类偷换概念题解题思路实例讲解

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托福阅读陷阱

托福阅读陷阱

托福阅读陷阱:辨别信息真伪托福iBT阅读考查的一个重点是理解基本信息及合理推断的能力,要能够辨别信息的真伪以及是否在原文中出现过,这就为我们分析选项提供了思路,大家熟知的选项设置包括有悖原意(讲错了)和无中生有(没讲的)。

事实上,多数小盆友往往忽略了另外一种选项设置,即和题干不相关的选项。

这是托福阅读比较特别的地方,不仅追求选项的正确性,也追求选项和题干的关联。

换句话说,一个选项,如果在原文定位区间内讲了,也讲对了,但答非所问,对不起,这个选项是错误的。

我们来举个例子:例如:The hind leg of Basilosaurus was a significant find because it showed that Basilosaurus○ Lived later than Ambulocetus natans○ Lived at the same time as Pakicetus○ Was able to swim well○ Could not have walked on landAnother major discovery was made in Egypt in 1989. Several skeletons of another early whale, Basilosaurus, were found in sediments left by the Tethys Sea and now exposed in the Sahara desert. This whale lived around 40 million years ago, 12 million years after Pakicetus. Many incomplete skeletons were found but they included, for the first time in an archaeocyte, a complete hind leg that features a foot with three tiny toes. Such legs would have been far too small to have supported the 50-foot-long Basilosaurus on land. Basilosaurus was undoubtedly a fully marine whale with possibly nonfunctional, or vestigial, hind legs. An even more exciting find was reported in 1994, also from Pakistan. The now extinct whale Ambulocetus natans (“the walking whale that swam”) lived in the Tethys Sea 49 mi llion years ago. It lived around 3 million years after Pakicetus but 9 million before Basilosaurus….这是一道事实信息题,根据题干中的关键词hind leg和Basilosaurus,本着“快、准、狠”的原则,找到定位句Such legs would have been far too small to have supported the 50-foot-long Basilosaurus on land. (这样的后肢太小了以至于不能支撑Basilosaurus在陆地上活动),和选项做一个对照,发现D是对定位句的同义改写,这样就可以直接选出正确答案D。

雅思托福考研四六级英语阅读理解快速排除错误选项法 via安格英语

雅思托福考研四六级英语阅读理解快速排除错误选项法 via安格英语

英语口语如何提高,语言环境很重要英语口语训练营免费体验:/web/recent_curriculum雅思托福考研四六级英语阅读理解快速排除错误选项法安格英语导读:英语考试中,无论是托福雅思、考研职称还是英语四六级甚至是日常的英语考试,阅读理解都是占分大项,所以也往往最费时间。

虽然许多学生掌握了顺序法、定位法等答题技巧,但是对于单独题目答案的排除法却没有什么研究。

今天安格英语老师就来教大家如何快速排除错误选项,找出阅读理解中的陷阱。

在英语阅读理解中我们都知道遇到难题先跳过,但是可能跳着跳着这一大题就都被跳过了,所以还是要回过来扎扎实实地从问题下手,在阅读理解中考官为考生设下的陷阱往往有三个:1.偷换概念;2.比较错误;3.范围不当。

下面我们就用三个例子来看看考官们的“阴险”之处吧!1.偷换概念例:In the wild, they are a cooperative, group-living species. Such cooperation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated.What can we infer from the last paragraph?[A] Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.[B] Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.[C] Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.[D] Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.分析:是不是看到[D]选项的Cooperation就忍不住想选啦?这里是一个非常典型的偷换概念的题目。

托福阅读失分:变化措辞题解析

托福阅读失分:变化措辞题解析

托福阅读失分:变化措辞题解析1.基本介绍:iBT变化措辞题是使用自己的语言改写文章中的句子或段落,以不同方式重新陈述另一句话,保留其内容,不改变其意。

改写或换词在托福考试种非常重要,不能改变句子原意,也不能包括句中所有信息。

2.出题位置:托福阅读考试有三篇文章,每篇可涉及0至1道此类问题,一次考试总共有2至3题。

3.解题技巧:方案一:“改写”有效的改写要求使用同义词,变换词形和用不同的语法结构。

方案二:“集中”做这类题时,注意力要集中在重要信息,即作者表达意图所需要的基本观点上。

方案三:“使用”正确答案的语序,结构可能不同;使用同义词或其他方式表达原句中的意思;可能以指代物替代代词。

4.案例:Smart marketers should be less concerned with whether U.S. and European consumers are alike and more concerned with monitoring the variety of factors that account for potential similarities and differences. Attention to the dynamic nature of those factors will produce opportunities for the alert markerter.Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A: a marketer who is not so smart should be more concerned with the difference of eating habits between U.S. and European consumers and less concerned with monitoring the variety of factors that account for potential similarities and differences.B: It is not important whether U.S. and European consumers have a similar eating habit. It is the potential similarities and differences that people should be more concerned with.C: Marketers should focus on the factors that account for differences rather than the differences themselves.D: Monitoring the variety of foods could explain the potential similarities and differences.5.分析:选项C正确. 这里关键词是factors. 其中be concerned with 以同义词 focus on 有效地代替.选项A犯了逻辑上错误, 聪明的营销人员应该少在意欧美消费者是否相似并不代表不聪明的营销人员应该在意欧美消费者是否相似.选项B用强调句式进行改写, 但主要关键词factors 没有抓住.选项D扰作用在于它用了variety这个词和food 连在一起, 省略factor 而改变了原义.在做iBT阅读变换措辞题的时候要多多注意一些干扰选项, 他们往往改变原意,省略重要信息,增加原文没有的信息,与原文信息不符等等。

托福阅读题型应对技巧实例分析和解题思路

托福阅读题型应对技巧实例分析和解题思路

托福阅读题型应对技巧实例分析和解题思路托福阅读的题型种类很多,而不同题型需要的解题思路技巧也各有差异。

其中推理题作为难度较高简洁出错的题型,我整理了一些应对推理题的小攻略,下面我就和大家共享,来欣赏一下吧。

托福阅读题型应对技巧实例分析和解题思路托福阅读备考的一个重点就是学习阅读10大题型各自的应对解题技巧。

许多同学之所以阅读解题效率低下正确率不高,问题就出在没有根据题型的特点来优化解题思路。

下面我就来为大家实例讲解托福阅读推理题的应对技巧和解题思路。

托福阅读推理题题型介绍托福阅读推理题可分为两类:有共性的推理题和无共性的推理题这里所谓的有共性推理题就是说题干中有和原文内容相同的关键词(也叫线索)。

根据关键词回原文定位,然后进行推理。

一般来说,大多数的推理题都属于这类题目。

对于无共性的推理题,也就是题干中无线索,一般使用排除法,即根据各个选项的关键词回原文定位,通过排除法得出正确答案。

返回原文找信息点,接受排除法是解决这两类题型解决的共同策略。

托福阅读推理题解题信息点讲解托福阅读解题需要留意这些信息点: 1. 日期和数字 2. 各类关键词表示多少的副词: many , some, much of, several , a few ,most …;情态动词:may, can , could…;表示过去的:used to be , was, were , at one time, previously ;表示不是唯一的:not only ,not exclusively等。

托福阅读推理题3种具体解题思路分析1、一般对比推理:根据两个事情的对比特征,问其中一个事物的特征,只要将与之形成对比的另外一个事情的特征否认掉就可以。

2、时间对比推理:在这种推理中,一般有两个形成对比的时间段,它们所具有的特征一般相反。

当题干问一个时间段的特征时,只要将与之相反的时间段的特征否认掉就可以了。

3、集合概念推理:一个大的集合的两个方面形成对比,两者之间存在着互补性关系,也就是一个的增加意味着另一个的削减。

托福阅读答题小贴士:当心否定事实信息题中的“陷阱”

托福阅读答题小贴士:当心否定事实信息题中的“陷阱”

托福阅读答题小贴士:当心否定事实信息题中的“陷阱”Negative Factual Information Questions,一般译作否定事实信息题,有时也被称为反向事实信息题、排除列举题或选非题,在阅读十大题型中出错率一直较高。

出错的原因,往往被简单归结于“粗心大意”。

诚然,在其他题型的解答过程中,同学们往往都是在努力寻找与原文说法最为接近的选项,而遇到否定事实信息题,由于思维惯性,在看到与原文说法基本一致但本该被排除的选项的时候,往往会忘记题目中那个大大的EXCEPT或NOT,导致错选。

但是,只是说不要“粗心大意”并没有什么用,就像在穿越雷区的时候只是说“要当心哦”并没有太多实际的帮助。

只有当我们了解到哪里可能埋雷,哪里可能会有陷阱,才更有可能避开危险,安全抵达目的地。

而在否定事实信息题的解答过程中,对题型认知不够准确是一些题目错误率居高不下的主要原因。

而且这锅还真得由ETS(即托福考试出题人)来背。

在其出版的《托福考试官方指南》中,关于否定事实信息题的介绍如下:Negative Factual Information QuestionsThese questions ask you to verify what information is true and what information is NOT true or not included in the passage based on information that is explicitly stated in the passage. To answer this kind of question, first locate the relevant information in the passage. Then verify that three of the four answer choices are true and that the remaining choice is false. Remember, for this type of question, the correct answer is the one that is NOT true.简单翻译就是,这类题型要求你根据文章中所明确给出的信息判断哪些选项的说法是正确的,哪些是不正确或文章中未提及的。

揭露托福阅读的隐藏陷阱培养做题的“感觉”

揭露托福阅读的隐藏陷阱培养做题的“感觉”

揭露托福阅读的隐藏陷阱培养做题的“感觉”托福阅读考试中陷阱重重,我们必须做好全面的准备才能顺利过关。

了解了ETS在设计题目时所使用的小陷阱,我们才可以很好地做到事半功倍。

下面跟小编一起看看怎样解决托福阅读的陷阱吧。

揭露托福阅读的隐藏陷阱培养做题的“感觉”新托福阅读考试中绝大部分题目都是对应具体段落的,这会为考生节省很多时间。

但是也不排除有少量题目的范围比较大或比较模糊,考生在寻找答案时难免一头雾水,费时费力。

其实这些看似没有明确定位方向的题目都是暗藏玄机的。

Wind power has a significant cost advantage over nuclear power and has become competitive with coal-fired power plants in many places. With new technological advances and mass production, projected cost declines should make wind power one of the world’s cheapest ways to produce electricity. In the long run, electricity from large wind farms in remote areas might be used to make hydrogen gas from water during periods when there is less than peak demand for electricity. The hydrogen gas could then be fed into a storage system and used to generate electricity when additional or backup power is needed.Wind power is most economical in areas with steady winds. In areas where the wind dies down, backup electricity from a utility company or from an energy storage system becomes necessary. Backup power could also be provided by linking wind farms with a solar cell, with conventional or pumped-storage hydropower, or with efficient natural-gas-burning turbines. Some drawbacks to wind farms include visual pollution and noise, although these can be overcome by improving their design and locating them in isolated areas.Based on the information in paragraph 3 and paragraph 4,what can be inferred about the states of North Dakota, South Dakota, and Texas mentioned at the end of paragraph 1?A.They rely largely on coal-fired power plants.B.They contain remote areas where the winds rarely die down.C.Over 1 percent of the electricity in these states is produced by wind farms.D.Wind farms in these states are being expanded to meet the power needs of the United States.这个题目的题干涉及到三个段落,而事实上考生根本不需要去看第一段的内容,因为答案依据的是第三、四段的信息,但是这两个段落如果都看的话内容也不少,从应试的角度来说太费时间。

【实例解析】如何找到托福阅读陷阱?两大重点切勿忽视

【实例解析】如何找到托福阅读陷阱?两大重点切勿忽视

【实例解析】如何找到托福阅读陷阱?两大重点切勿忽视在托福阅读备考过程中,很多学生经常会会遇到这样的情况,无论是词汇的多少,阅读成绩总还是忽上忽下很难保持稳定。

那么,在托福阅读的过程中,我们究竟存在着一些怎样的问题呢?应该如何去避免这样的一些误区呢?陷阱一:细节题考查精确定位托福阅读中的细节题其实不难,但前提是定位的点要对,比如下面这个例题:Two species of deer have been prevalent in the Puget Sound area of WashingtonState in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The black-tailed deer, alowland, west-side cousin of the mule deer of eastern Washington, is now themost common. The other species, the Columbian white-tailed deer, in earliertimes was common in the open prairie country, it is now restricted to the low,marshy islands and flood plains along the lower Columbia River.According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the white-taileddeer of Puget Sound?A. It is native to lowlands and marshes.B. It is more closely related to the mule deer of eastern Washington than toother types of deer.C. It has replaced the black-tailed deer in the open prairie.D. It no longer lives in a particular type of habitat that it onceoccupied.这是一个典型的细节题,在该题题干中,有的考生会选择PugetSound作为关键词回原文定位,因为它是专有名词,在文中会比较显眼。

托福听力中常见的陷阱有哪些

托福听力中常见的陷阱有哪些

托福听力中常见的陷阱有哪些在托福考试中,听力部分对于很多考生来说是一个具有挑战性的环节。

在听力过程中,出题者常常设置各种陷阱,稍不留意就可能导致答题错误。

接下来,让我们一起探讨托福听力中常见的一些陷阱。

首先,“偷换概念”是常见的陷阱之一。

在听力材料中,可能会先提到某个概念或观点,然后在后续的表述中悄悄进行替换或修改。

比如,一开始提到“某种动物的生存主要依赖于 A 因素”,但在后面的描述中却强调“实际上,该动物的生存更取决于 B 因素”。

如果考生没有敏锐地捕捉到这种概念的转变,就容易在相关题目上出错。

其次,“以偏概全”的陷阱也不少见。

听力内容可能会列举一些个别的例子来支持某个观点,但这些例子并不能完全代表整体情况。

例如,讲述一个地区的某些工厂通过采用新技术提高了生产效率,然后得出整个地区的工业都发展良好的结论。

然而,其他未提及的工厂可能并没有这样的改进,不能仅仅根据所给的几个例子就得出普遍的结论。

“混淆时间”也是容易让考生陷入误区的陷阱。

听力材料中可能会提到不同时间点的事件或情况,但表述较为模糊或者语速较快,导致考生难以准确区分。

比如,先提到“去年这个项目的进展很顺利”,接着又说“今年由于某些原因遇到了困难”,如果考生没有清晰地记住时间节点,就可能在回答关于项目状态的问题时出错。

“答非所问”的陷阱也需要警惕。

有时候题目问的是一个方面的问题,但听力材料中给出的却是另一个看似相关但实际上不对应的回答。

比如,问题是“这个活动的目的是什么”,而听力内容却是在详细描述活动的过程和参与人员的感受,并没有直接回答目的。

还有“极端词汇”的陷阱。

听力中可能会出现一些绝对化的词汇,如“all”“never”“always”等,但实际情况往往并非如此绝对。

例如,“所有人都认为这个方案不可行”,然而实际上可能只是大部分人有这样的看法,并非所有人。

“无中生有”也是常见的一种陷阱。

选项中可能会出现一些在听力材料中完全没有提及的内容,考生如果没有仔细辨别,可能会被这些看似合理但实则不存在的信息所误导。

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托福阅读陷阱类偷换概念题解题思路实例讲解托福阅读中常有考生遇到这种情况,一道题目明明看懂了对应的*内容,选择时却还是出现了错误,今天给大家来托福阅读陷阱类偷换概念题解题思路实例讲解,希望能够帮助到大家,下面就和大家分享,来欣赏一下吧。

托福阅读陷阱类偷换概念题解题思路实例讲解托福阅读偷换概念陷阱题实例讲解托福阅读想要取得高分,我们一定要警惕其中的陷阱题型,比如偷换概念题。

下面我们一起来看一道题:例题:Paragraph 5: Even the kind ofstability defined as simple lack of change is not always associated withmaximum diversity. At least in temperate zones, maximum diversity is oftenfound inmid-successional stages, not in the climax community. Once a redwoodforest matures, for example, the kinds of species and the number of individualsgrowing on the forest floor are reduced. In general, diversity, by itself, doesnot ensure stability. Mathematicalmodels of ecosystems likewise suggest thatdiversity does not guarantee ecosystem stability—just the opposite, in fact. Amore complicated system is, in general, more likely than a simple system tobreak down. A fifteen-speed racing bicycle is more likely to break down than achild’s tricycle.Which of the following can be inferredfrom paragraph 5 about redwood forests?A. They become less stable as theymature.B. They support many species when theyreach climax.C. They are found in temperate zones.D. They have reduced diversity duringmid-successional stages.思路解析:推断题(inference question)和事实信息题、否定信息题一样,以“找关键词+定位”为切入点。

本题的关键词是redwood forest, 回到原文定位到第三句:Once a redwoodforest matures, for example, the kinds of species and the number of individualsgrowing on the forest floor are reduced. 这句话的意思是:例如,红杉树林一旦成熟,其中的物种数量以及单个物种的数量都会减少。

看懂了这句话的我们立即迫不及待的去搜索选项,却发现这句话的内容是无法与任何选项匹配的。

于是,我们意识到,只阅读这句话的信息量是不够的,我们需要关注推断题定位范围的放大现象。

关注到本句中有个关键词:for example, 意味着本句是例子,一定和前句的内容相关。

所以我们来看前句:At least intemperate zones, maximum diversity is often found inmid-successional stages,not in the climax community. 至少在温带地区,会经常在演替过程中发现最多物种,而不是在顶极群落中。

发现三个选项中关键词climax,temperate, mid-successional stages 在原文中都可以找到对应,并且B,D选项都与这句话所叙述内容相反可以很容易排除。

接下来我们来看C选项:They are foundin temperate zones. 有很多同学就卡在这里了,他们认为原文说在温带地区,最多物种是在演替过程中,而不是在顶级群落,说明物种多样性和温带地区相关,没有证据表明redwood forest和温带地区相关,于是很多同学在纠结之后选到了A选项:They become lessstable as they mature. 当它们成熟的时候它们变得更不稳定了。

这类同学认为Once a redwood forest matures, forexample, the kinds of species and the number of individuals growing on theforest floor are reduced.红杉树林一旦成熟,其中的物种数量以及单个物种的数量都会减少,然后想当然的认为物种减少就代表稳定性降低,但是我们仔细读第一句:Even the kindof stability defined as simplelack of change is not always associated withmaximum diversity. 即使是这种被定义为简单地缺乏变化的稳定性并非总是与最多样的物种联系起来。

简单来说,本句表达的含义是:稳定性和最大多样性是没有关联的,所以不能选A。

实际上这道题是典型的主题+例证类推理题,例子是来说明主题的,所以例子的特征应该是与主题中所描述的特征一致的,即redwoodforests are found in temperate zones.所以,同学们一定要警惕片面的追求选项和原文间信息的匹配,忽略了“选项首先对问题负责”这一基本的答题态度,最终导致学生根本无法识别ETS命题组精心编织的偷换概念类的选项特征。

托福阅读材料:十大热门求婚地点Traditional marriage proposals could soon be consigned to the history books – with almost half of them now happening at home in front of the TV.传统的求婚方式可能很快就只在历史书里出现了,现在几乎有一半的求婚是在家里看电视的时候完成的。

A study of newlyweds has found modern men are ditching age-old traditional proposal custom in favour of a more lacklustre approach.一项针对新婚夫妇的调查发现,现代人渐渐地不再遵循传统的求婚习俗,而更倾向于没有惊喜的平凡求婚方式。

The study found only a third of men now go down on one knee to pop the question as their fathers and grandfathers’ generations would have done.研究发现,只有三分之一的男性现在还会像他们的父辈和祖辈那样单膝下跪求婚。

And the age-old tradition of asking the bride’s father for her hand in marriage is also on the verge of dying out with 63% of recently married males claiming they “didn’t bother”.而另一项古老的传统——就结婚事宜请求新娘父亲的首肯——也在慢慢消失,有63%的新婚男性说他们不再“这么费事了”。

Even the idea of picking a romantic location to propose hasfal len by the wayside, with the typical ‘Will you marry me?’ now most likely to take place at home.连选一个浪漫求婚地点的想法也乏人问津了。

那句经典的“你愿意嫁给我么?”大多是在家里说出来的。

十大热门求婚地点猜猜第一名是哪里?Only six percent bothered to take their partner abroad on holiday – but the same number of men proposed in the local pub –and 5.5% popped the question in the car.只有6%的人会花心思把他们的伴侣带到国外度假然后求婚,但是也有6%的男性在当地酒吧就求了婚,还有5.5%在汽车上求婚。

The study also found the average amount of time in a relationship before a proposal is now three years – so British women are taking matters into their own hands in a bid to get a proposal.研究还发现求婚前平均恋爱时间是三年,所以英国女性们都会自己想办法让他们的伴侣向他们求婚。

Almost a third of women 29% now end up choosing their own ring, rather than letting their partner decide.约有三分之一(29%)的女性现在连戒指都是自己选,而不是让他们的伴侣选。

The typical bride-to-be will also enlist the help of at least one friend to help speed up a proposal – as well as dropping two major engagement hints to encourage their partner to pop the question.一般准新娘也会至少让一个朋友帮忙推进求婚的进程,比如抛出两个重要的关于订婚的暗示来鼓动伴侣早些求婚。

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