北京理工大学附属中学2020-2021学年高一上学期期中试题
2020-2021学年北京理工大学附属中学高三语文期中考试试题及答案
2020-2021学年北京理工大学附属中学高三语文期中考试试题及答案一、现代文阅读（36分）(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。
①综观人类的文明史，实际上就是人类不断抗击灾难的历史。
不同的灾难对人类文明的意义也不一样。
作为一种精神生产方式，文艺也在对灾难的表现中不断为人类和社会的进步贡献力量。
优秀的灾难文艺总是能超越局部灾难的表现，接通人类有关灾难的思想传统，不断攀升精神与审美的高度。
所以，如何真实地描绘灾难，刻画灾害中的人物，挖掘特殊情境中人性的复杂性，并进而对灾害进行反思，从而丰富人类的精神世界，更理性地面对自然和人类自身，是文艺家们应该长久探索的问题。
可以想见，此次新型冠状病毒肺炎灾害将长久地留在中国和世界人民的记忆中，对它的书写也将继续下去。
②如果对世界文艺史上优秀的灾难文艺进行考察，它们大概体现出如下的特点，可以作为此次抗疫文艺创作的参照。
③首先是强烈的现场意识。
现场感最能体现出文艺在灾难面前的人类担当意识。
在富于现场感的灾难文艺作品中，灾难仿佛就发生在自己的身边，它们以逼真的方式将灾难告诉世界，为人们的记忆提供了完整的灾难地理坐标，复现出真实的灾难场景，特定的事件、人物、气氛如在眼前，从而给人以身临其境的强烈震撼。
当然，这一切要经过精心的选择、剪裁，力求将有代表性的、具有典型意义的人物与事件呈现出来，从而构成完整的灾难叙事。
优秀的灾难文艺总是能提供令人难忘的人物与故事，尤其是那些堪称中流砥柱的英雄，他们可能本身就是杰出人物，但也可能是平头百姓。
许多作品都将镜头对准了“草根”阶层，普通的、来自各行各业的平头百姓，在日常生活中平凡得让人无法记得住他们的面孔，但当灾难来临时，却迸发出令人难以置信的力量和智慧。
人民创造历史，正是他们在灾难中的人生轨迹、性格命运，灾难中的生存与死亡、希望与绝望，彰显出人类社会发展生生不息的力量。
④其次是自觉的超越意识，在发现与反思中建构人文精神。
2025届北京理工大学附属中学分校化学高一上期中预测试题含解析
2025届北京理工大学附属中学分校化学高一上期中预测试题请考生注意：1．请用2B铅笔将选择题答案涂填在答题纸相应位置上，请用0．5毫米及以上黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将主观题的答案写在答题纸相应的答题区内。
写在试题卷、草稿纸上均无效。
2．答题前，认真阅读答题纸上的《注意事项》，按规定答题。
一、选择题（每题只有一个选项符合题意）1、下列变化需要加入还原剂才能实现的是A．Cl-→C12B．HCO3- →C032-C．Mn04- →Mn2+D．Zn→Zn2+2、已知原子序数，可以推断原子的（）①质子数②中子数③质量数④核电荷数⑤核外电子数⑥原子结构示意图⑦元素在周期表中的位置A．①②③④⑥B．①④⑤⑥⑦C．②③④⑤⑦D．③④⑤⑥⑦3、在0.2L由NaCl、MgCl2、BaCl2组成的混合溶液中，部分离子浓度大小如图所示，对于该溶液成分。
下列说法不正确的是( )A．NaCl的物质的量为0.2molB．溶质MgCl2的质量为9gC．该混合液中BaCl2的物质的量为0.1molD．将该混合液加水稀释至体积为1L,稀释后溶液中Ba2+的物质的量浓度为0.1mol/L4、1993年8月，国际原子量委员会确认我国张青莲教授测定的锑的相对原子质量（121.760）为标准原子量，已知锑有两种以上天然同位素，则121.760是（）A．锑元素的质量与12C原子质量1／12的比值B．一个锑原子的质量与12C原子质量1／12的比值C．按各种锑的天然同位素的相对原子质量与这些同位素所占的一定百分比计算出的平均值D．按各种锑的天然同位素质量数与这些同位素所占的一定百分比计算出的平均值5、N A表示阿伏加德罗常数，下列说法正确的是A．1 mol任何气体的体积都约是22.4 LB．18 g NH4+含有电子数为10N AC．N A个H2SO4分子的质量等于H3PO4的摩尔质量D．标准状况下，相同体积的O2、HCl、H2O含有的分子数相同6、把镁粉中混有的少量铝粉除去,应选用的试剂是A．稀盐酸B．烧碱溶液C．硫酸铝溶液D．硫酸镁溶液7、亚硝酸钠(NaNO2)具有致癌作用，许多腌制食品中含NaNO2。
北京理工大学附属中学分校2024届物理高一第一学期期中统考试题含解析
北京理工大学附属中学分校2024届物理高一第一学期期中统考试题请考生注意：1．请用2B铅笔将选择题答案涂填在答题纸相应位置上，请用0．5毫米及以上黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将主观题的答案写在答题纸相应的答题区内。
写在试题卷、草稿纸上均无效。
2．答题前，认真阅读答题纸上的《注意事项》，按规定答题。
一、选择题：（1-6题为单选题7-12为多选，每题4分，漏选得2分，错选和不选得零分）1、下列情况中的物体，能看作质点的是：A．研究卫星绕地球运行规律时的卫星B．研究做花样滑冰动作时的运动员C．研究地球自转规律时的地球D．研究通过一座铁路桥时间时的火车2、关于加速度，下述说法中错误的是A．加速度描述了物体速度变化快慢B．加速度的方向与速度的方向可能相同，也可能相反C．加速度很大时物体速度可能很小D．加速度大的物体速度变化一定很大3、两个大小一定的共点力，合力最大值为，合力最小值为，则两个力相互垂直时合力大小为：A．B．C．D．4、质量m=1kg的物体做直线运动的速度—时间图象如图所示,根据图象可知，下列说法中正确的是A．物体在0-8s内的平均速度方向与1s末的速度方向相同B．物体在0-2s内的速度变化比2-4s内的速度变化快C．物体在2-4s内合外力做的功为零D．物体在2s末速度方向发生改变5、如图所示，A、B两个物块的重力分别是G A=3N，G B=4N，弹簧的重力不计，整个装置沿竖直方向处于静止状态，这时弹簧的弹力大小为2 N，则天花板受到的拉力和地板受到的压力有可能是()A．5 N和2 N B．5 N和6 NC．1 N和2 N D．3 N和4 N6、物体从静止开始做匀加速直线运动，第2s初与第4 s末的速度之比为（）A．2：4 B．1：3 C．2：3 D．1：47、如图所示，质量为m的物体在与斜面平行向上的拉力F作用下，沿着水平地面上质量为M的粗糙斜面匀速上滑，在此过程中斜面保持静止，则地面对斜面（）A．无摩擦力B．支持力等于（m＋M）gC．支持力为（M＋m）g－FsinθD．有水平向左的摩擦力，大小为Fcosθ8、如图所示，物体A、B、C均处于静止状态，各接触面与水平地面平行。
北京市理工大学附属中学分校2020_2021学年高一数学上学期期中试题含解析
8.下列函数中，定义域为 且区间 上单调递减的是（）
A. B. C. D.
【答案】A
【解析】
【分析】
求出各选项中函数的定义域，并判断出各选项中函数在区间 上的单调性，由此可得出合适的选项.
【详解】对于A选项，函数 的定义域为 ，且该函数在区间 上单调递减；
17.已知函数 ．
（1）若 ，求不等式 的解集；
（2）若不等式 的解集为 ，某某数 的取值X围．
【答案】（1） ；
（2） ；
【解析】
【分析】
（1）当a＝﹣4时，代入不等式f（x）≤0，可得：（x﹣1）（x﹣3）≤0，解出即可得出．
（2）由题意可得一元二次方程f（x）＝0无实数根，因此△＜0，解出即可得出．
故选：C
2.已知命题 ， ；则 是（）
A. ， B. ，
C. ， D. ，
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
利用全称命题的否定可得出 .
【详解】命题 为全称命题，它的否定为 ， .
故选：C.
3.已知函数 ，则 （）
A. 5B.4C. 3D. 2
【答案】A
【解析】
【分析】
根据分段函数的解析式，代入计算，即可求解.
【详解】（1）当 ，不等式为 ．
∵方程 有两个实数根 ， ．
∴不等式 的解集为 ．
（2）∵ 解集为R，
∴方程 无实根，
∴ ．
∴实数 的取值X围是 ．
【点睛】本题考查了“三个二次”之间的关系、一元二次不等式的解法，考查了推理能力与计算能力，属于中档题．
18.经过长期观测得到：在交通不繁忙 时段内，四通桥路段汽车的车流量 （千辆/小时）与汽车的平均速度 （千米/小时）之间的函数关系为： .
2020-2021学年北京理工大学附属中学分校高三语文上学期期中试题及参考答案
2020-2021学年北京理工大学附属中学分校高三语文上学期期中试题及参考答案一、现代文阅读（36分）(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。
人生的四种境界张世英按照人的自我发展历程、实现人生价值和精神自由的高低程度，人生境界可分为四个层次，即欲求境界、求知境界、道德境界和审美境界。
最低境界为“欲求境界”。
人生之初，在这种境界中只知道满足个人生存所必需的最低欲望，故以“欲求”称之。
当人有了自我意识以后，生活于越来越高级的境界时，此种最低境界仍潜存于人生之中。
现实中，也许没有一个成人的精神境界会低级到唯有“食色”的欲求境界，而丝毫没有一点高级境界。
以欲求境界占人生主导地位的人是境界低下而“趣味低级”的人。
第二种境界为“求知境界”。
在这一境界，自我作为主体，有了进一步作为认知客体之物的规律和秩序的要求。
有了知识，掌握了规律，人的精神自由程度、人生的意义和价值就大大提升了一步。
所以，求知境界不仅从心理学和自我发展的时间进程来看在欲求境界之后，而且从哲学与人生价值、自由之实现的角度来看，也显然比欲求境界高一个层次。
第三种境界为“道德境界”。
他和求知境界的出现几乎是同时发生，也许稍后。
就此而言，把道德境界列在求知境界之后，只具有相对的意义。
但从现实人生意义与价值的角度和实现精神自由的角度而言，则道德境界之高于求知境界，是不待言的。
发展到这一水平的“自我”具有了责任感和义务感，这也意味着他有了自我选择、自我决定的能力，把自己看作是命运的主人，而不是听凭命运摆布的小卒。
但个人的道德意识也有一个由浅入深的发展过程：当独立的个体性自我尚未从所属群体的“我们”中显现出来之时，其道德意识从“我们”出发，推及“我们”之外的他人。
人生的最高精神境界是“审美境界”。
这是因为此时审美意识超越了求知境界的认识关系，它把对象融入自我之中，而达到情景交融的意境；审美意识也超越了求知境界和道德境界中的实践关系。
这样，审美境界即超越了认识的限制，也超越了功用、欲念和外在目的以及“应该”的限制，而成为超然于现实之外的自由境界。
北京北京理工大学附属中学高一 物理上册第一学期期中考试题
北京北京理工大学附属中学高一 物理上册第一学期期中考试题 一、选择题 1．一辆汽车由静止开始做匀变速直线运动，从开始运动到驶过第一个100m 时，速度增加了10m/s ，汽车驶过第二个100m 时，速度的增加量是（ ）A ．10m/sB ．8.2m/sC ．4.1m/sD ．20m/s2．关于速度和加速度的关系，下列说法正确的是( )A ．加速度减小时速度一定减小B ．加速度为零时，速度也为零C ．加速度很小时，速度可以很大D ．速度变化越大，加速度就越大3．如图所示，质量为m 的等边三棱柱静止在水平放置的斜面上．已知三棱柱与斜面间的动摩擦因数为μ，斜面的倾角为30°，则斜面对三棱柱的支持力与摩擦力的大小分别为（ ）A ．32mg 和32mg μ B ．12mg 和32mg C ．12mg 和12mg μ D ．3mg 和12mg 4．如图所示，用水平力去推静止在水平地面上的大木箱， 没有推动。
关于木箱受到的推力和摩擦力，下列说法正确的是A ．推力和摩擦力大小相等B ．推力小于摩擦力C ．推力和摩擦力方向相同D ．推力大于摩擦力5．做匀减速直线运动的质点，它的位移随时间变化的规律是224 1.5(m)x t t =-，当质点的速度为零，则t 为多少：（ ）A ．1.5 sB ．8 sC ．16 sD ．24 s6．马拉车在水平路面上由静止开始前进，在以后的运动过程中，下面的哪些说法是正确的 A ．马拉车的力先产生，车拉马的力后产生B ．马能拉动车是因为马拉车的力大于车拉马的力C ．匀速前进时，马向前拉车的力等于车向后拉马的力，加速前进时，马向前拉车的力也等于车向后拉马的力D ．马拉车的力和车拉马的力大小相等，方向相反，在同直线上，是一对平衡力7．从离地面3m 高处竖直向上抛出一个小球，它上升5m 后回落，最后到达地面，在此过程中（ ）A．小球通过的路程是8m B．小球的位移大小是3mC．小球的位移大小是13m D．小球的位移方向是竖直向上8．下列各组物理量中，不都是矢量的是（）A．位移、重力B．路程、弹力C．加速度、速度的变化量、速度D．摩擦力、加速度9．如图所示，在水平力F的作用下，木块A、B保持静止．若木块A与B的接触面是水平的，且F≠0．则关于木块B的受力个数可能是（）A．3个或4个B．3个或5个C．4个或5个D．4个或6个10．校运会400 m比赛，终点在同一直线上，但不同赛道起点不在同一直线上(如图所示)．关于该比赛，下列说法正确的是( )A．某同学的比赛成绩1分08秒指的是时刻B．这样做目的是使各选手路程相同，且平均速率最大的同学将会赢得比赛C．这样做目的是使各选手位移大小相同，且平均速度最大的同学将会赢得比赛D．这种做法其实是不公平的，明显对外侧跑道的同学有利11．一汽车在平直公路上做匀加速运动，在前2s内的平均速度为10m/s，在前6s内的平均速度为22m/s，则该汽车的加速度为()A．6m/s2B．4m/s2C．3m/s2D．12m/s25m/s，则自驾驶12．汽车以20m/s的速度在平直公路上行驶，急刹车时的加速度大小为2员急踩刹车开始，2s与5s时汽车的位移之比为（）A．5:4B．4:5C．3:4D．4:313．某质点在0~3s内运动的v-t图象如图所示，关于质点的运动，下列说法中正确的是()A．质点在第1s内的平均速度等于第2s内的平均速度B．t=3s时，质点的位移最大C．质点在第2s内的加速度与第3s内的加速度大小相等，方向相反D．质点在第2s内的位移与第3s内的位移大小相等，方向相反14．两物体都做匀变速直线运动，在给定的时间间隔t内（）A．加速度大的，其位移一定大B．初速度大的，其位移一定大C．末速度大的，其位移一定大D．平均速度大的，其位移一定大15．在某驾校的训练场地上，有一段圆弧形坡道，如图所示，若将同一辆车先后停放在a 点和b点，下述分析和比较正确的是A．车在a点受坡道的合外力大于在b点受的合外力B．车在a点受坡道的摩擦力大于在b点受的摩擦力C．车在a点受到的支持力大于在b点受的支持力D．车在a点受的重力的下滑分力大于在b点受的重力的下滑分力16．如图所示，足球迎面撞上运动员的脸部，下列说法中错误．．的是A．由于运动员的脸部形变，它对运动员脸部产生弹力B．发生撞击时，足球的形变越明显说明产生弹力越大C．由于足球的形变，它对运动员脸部产生弹力D．足球与运动员脸部之间产生弹力的前提是它们相互接触17．下列各组物理量中均是矢量的是（）A．力，加速度，路程B．位移，速度，加速度C．力，位移，速率D．力，加速度，质量18．如图所示，某次特技表演中七架战机保持“固定队列”在天空飞过，下列说法正确的是（）A．以某飞机为参考系，其它飞机是静止的B．以飞行员为参考系，广场上的观众是静止的C．以某飞行员为参考系，其他飞行员是运动的D．以广场上的观众为参考系，飞机是竖直向上运动的19．人从发现情况到采取相应行动经过的时间叫反应时间．我们可以采用下面的实验测出自己的反应时间．请一位同学用两个手指捏住木尺顶端，你用一只手在木尺下部做握住木尺的准备，但手的任何部位在开始时都不要碰到木尺．当看到那位同学放开手时，你立即握住木尺，根据木尺下降的高度，可以算出你的反应时间．若某次测量中木尺下降了约11cm，由此可知此次你的反应时间约为（）A．0.2 sB．0.15sC．0.1 sD．0.05 s20．如图所示是三个质点A、B、C的运动轨迹，三个质点同时从N点出发，同时到达M 点，下列说法正确的是（）A．三个质点从N到M的平均速度相同B．三个质点到达M点的瞬时速度相同C．三个质点从N到M的平均速率相同D．A质点从N到M的平均速度方向与任意时刻的瞬时速度方向相同二、多选题21．在某次军事演习中，空降兵从悬停在空中的直升机上跳下，当下落到距离地面适当高度时，打开降落伞，最终安全到达地面，空降兵从跳离飞机到安全到达地面的过程中在竖直方向的v—t图像如如所示，则以下判断正确的是A．空降兵在0到t1时间内做自由落体运动B．空降兵在t1到t2时间内的加速度方向竖直向上，大小在逐渐减小C．空降兵在0到t1时间内的平均速度是12v2D．空降兵在t1到t2时间内的平均速度小于12(v1+v2)22．如图所示，质量分别为3m、m的两个可看成质点的小球A、B，中间用一细线连接，小球A由细线系于天花板上的O点，小球B由细线拴接于墙角的C点，初始时刻，细线OA与细线BC垂直，细线OA与竖直方向成37°角，若保持A球位置不动，而将BC线的C 端沿水平方向向左移动一小段距离，已知重力加速度为g，sin37°＝0.6，cos37°＝0.8，则下列说法正确的是A．移动前，细线OA中的张力大小为3.2mgB．移动过程中，细线OA中的张力保持不变C．移动过程中，细线BC中的张力可能先减小后增大D．移动过程中，细线BC中的张力逐渐增大23．水平面上有一物体做直线运动，物体的加速度随时间变化的关系如图所示，已知t=0时物体的速度为1m/s，以此时的速度方向为正方向，下列说法中正确的是( )A．在0-1s内物体做匀加速直线运动B．1s末的速度为2m/sC．2s末物体开始反向运动D．3s末物体离出发点最远24．如图所示，一根粗细和质量分布均匀的细绳，两端各系一个质量都为m的小环，小环套在固定水平杆上，两环静止时，绳子过环与细绳结点P、Q的切线与竖直方向的夹角均为θ，已知绳子的质量也为m，重力加速度大小为g，则两环静止时A．每个环对杆的压力大小为mgB．绳子最低点处的弹力的大小为tan2 mgC．水平杆对每个环的摩擦力大小为mgtanθD．两环之间的距离增大，杆对环的摩擦力增大25．汽车自O点出发从静止开始在平直公路上做匀加速直线运动，途中在5s钟内分别经过A、B两根电杆，己知A、B电杆相距50m，车经过电杆B时的速率是15m/s，则（）A．经过A杆时的速率是5m/sB．车的加速度是21.5m/sC．A、O间距离是6.25mD．车从出发到B所用的时间是9s．26．一轻弹簧的一端固定在倾角为θ的固定光滑斜面的底部，另一端和质量为2m的小物块A相连，质量为m的小物块B紧靠A静止在斜面上，如图所示，此时弹簧的压缩量为x0．从t=0时开始，对B施加沿斜面向上的外力，使B始终做加速度为a的匀加速直线运动．经过一段时间后，物块A、B分离．弹簧的形变始终在弹性限度内，重力加速度大小为g．若θ、m、x0、a均已知，则下列说法正确的是（）A．根据已知条件，可求出从开始到物块A、B分离所用的时间B．根据已知条件，可求出物块A、B分离时的速度大小C．物块A、B分离时，弹簧的弹力恰好为零D．物块A、B分离后，物块A开始减速27．甲．乙两物体均做直线运动，它们在某段时间内的位移x随时间t变化的图象如图所示，则在0～t1时间内，下列判断正确的是( )A ．甲物体做加速运动B ．甲、乙两物体运动方向相同C ．甲的平均速度比乙的平均速度大D ．甲、乙两物体的平均速度大小相等28．有一串佛珠，穿在一根长1.8m 的细线上，细线的首尾各固定一个佛珠，中间还有5个佛珠．从最下面的佛珠算起，相邻两个佛珠的距离为5cm 、15cm 、25cm 、35cm 、45cm 、55cm ，如图所示．某人向上提起最上端的佛珠，让线自由垂下，且第一个佛珠紧靠水平桌面．从松手开始计时，若不计空气阻力(g 取10m/s 2)，则第2、3、4、5、6、7个佛珠A ．落到桌面上的时间间隔相等B ．落到桌面上的时间间隔越来越大C ．其中的第4个佛珠落到桌面上的速率为3 m/sD ．依次落到桌面上的速率关系为123256：：：：：三、实验题29．为探究物体的加速度与力、质量的关系。
2020-2021学年北京理工大学附属中学分校高三英语上学期期中试题及参考答案
2020-2021学年北京理工大学附属中学分校高三英语上学期期中试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AAmid the coronavirus outbreak, the U. S. Department of Homeland Security recommends having at least a two - week supply of water and food.PotatoesShelf life：2 to 5 weeks if stored in a cool, dry, dark placeYukon Gold, red, and fingerling potatoeswill last from two to three weeks. Larger white potatoes can last for three to five weeks. Sweet potatoes have about the same shelf life. Don't store them next to onions, however. The two might go together well in cooking, but raw, each gives off gases and moisture that might cause the other to spoil faster.Tea※Shelf life：6 to 12 months past "sell - by" dateDried tea leaves, whether loose (in a sealed container) or in teabags (in an unopened box) can easily last a year or more if they' re not subjected to damp or humidity. However, the tea does tend to lose flavor over time.Peanuts● Shelf life：1 to 2 monthsPeanuts in their shell, especially when kept cool and dry, are perfectly happy in the cupboard for as long as two months.Canned fruits and vegetables● Shelf life：1 to 2 years past "sell - by” dateCanning is an extremely efficient means of preserving food. Generally speaking, if canned foods aren't subjected to extreme heat, their contents should stay good for two years or more. Be aware, however, of dented cans or those with swollen tops, which may indicate the presence of bacteria inside.1. Which can go bad faster if stored with onions?A. Potatoes.B. Tea.C. Peanuts.D. Canned fruits and vegetables.2. What is special about tea?A. The flavor of tea can always remain the same.B. Tea leaves are better to be preserved in an open jar.C. Tea leaves should be kept away from the state of being wet.D. The maximum length of time that tea can be stored is 6 months.3. What may shorten the "sell - by” date of canned foods ?A. Shapes of cans.B. Categories of foods.C. Decline of the temperature.D. Exposure to high temperature.BScientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (麻省理工学院) have turned spider webs into music——creating an strange soundtrack that could help them better understand how the spiders output their complex creations and even how they communicate.The MIT team worked with Berlin-based artist Tomas Saraceno to take 2D (two-dimensional) laser (激光) scans of a spider web, which were linked together and made into a mathematical model that could recreate the web in 3Din VR (virtual reality). They also worked with MIT’s music department to create the virtual instrument.“Even though the web looks really random (随机)，there actually are a lot of inside structures and you can visualize (可视化) them and you can look at them, but it’s really hard to grasp for the human imagination or human brain to understand all these structural details,” said MIT engineering professor Markus Buehler, who presented the work on Monday at a virtual meeting of the American Chemical Society.Listening to the music while moving through the VR spider web lets you see and hear these structural changes and gives a better idea of how spiders see the world, he told CNN. “Spiders use vibrations (振动) as a way to locate themselves, to communicate with other spiders and so the idea of thinking really like a spider would experience the world was something that was very important to us as spider material scientists,” Buehler said.Spiders are able to build their webs without shelves or supports, so having a better idea of how they work could lead to the development of advanced new 3D printing techniques. “The reason why I did that is I wanted to be able to get information really from the spider world, which is very weird and mysterious,” Buehler explained. In addition to the scientific value, Buehler said the webs are musically interesting and that you can hear the sounds the spider creates during construction. “It’s unusual and eerie and scary, but finally beautiful.” he described.4. What have MIT scientists done according to the passage?A. They have translated spider webs into sounds.B. They have made a mathematical model to produce webs.C. They have created a soundtrack to catch spiders.D. They have known how spiders communicate.5. What can we know about spider webs from paragraph 3?A. Their structures are beautiful and clear.B. Professor Markus Buehler knows them well.C. The American Chemical Society presents the result.D. They are complex for people to figure it out.6. In which field will the study be helpful?A. virtual realityB. printingC. paintingD. film-making7. What is the main idea of the passage?A. It tells us that the music created by spiders is scary.B. It shows how the researchers carry out the experiment.C. It presents a new and creative way to study spiders.D. It explains why scientists did the experiment.CThe health benefits of staying active are already well-known. It can help you manage weight, keep blood sugar levels down and reduce risk factors for heart disease.Now, a new study suggests that regularly playing sports, especially badminton or tennis, is not only healthy but also reduces your risk of death, at any age, by approximately 50%. This is a big scale population study to explore the health benefits of sports in terms of death rate. The study evaluated responses from 80, 306 adults aged 30 and above inEnglandandScotland, who were surveyed about their health, lifestyle and exercise patterns.After adjusting factors such as age, sex, weight, smoking habits, alcohol use, education and other forms of exercise besidesthe named sports, the researchers compared the risk of death among people who took part in a sport to those who didn’t. The percentage of reduced risk of death was found to be: 47% for racket（球拍）sports, 28% for swimming and 15% for cycling.In addition to this, the study didn’t find any significant reduction in the risk for sports like running and football. The findings also exposed that over 44% of the participants met the guidelines for the recommended exercise levels to stay fit and healthy, which amounts to 150 minutes of moderate(适度的) physical activity in aweek.Does this mean you stop running or playing football and switch to tennis instead? Every kind of sport and physical activity has different physical, social and mental benefits attached to it. The apparent lack of benefits of running and football could result from several variables that were not taken into account.Being active helps you feel happier and live longer. So, the most important step is to take part in any kind of sport that you are likely to enjoy and follow in the long term.8. How is the study conducted?A. By doing comparative experiments.B. By analyzing previous data.C. By evaluating survey information.D. By tracking participants for a long time.9. What does the underlined part “the named sports” refer to?A. Ball sports.B. Racket sports.C. Individual sports.D. Traditional sports.10. What can we infer from paragraph 5?A. Few people will play football.B. Tennis will become more popular.C. The result of this study is wrong.D. The study needs to be further improved.11. What does the author advise people to do?A. Stick to any sport that you like.B. Play badminton and tennis only.C. Stop running and playing football.D. Do any sport according to guidelines.DIn the summer of 2016, I gave a talk at a small conference in northernVirginia. I began by admitting that I’d never had a social-media account; I then outlined arguments for why other peopleshould consider removing social media from their lives. The event organizers uploaded the video of my talk to YouTube. Then it was shared repeatedly on Facebook and Instagram and, eventually, viewed more than five million times. I was both pleased and annoyed by the fact that my anti-social-media talk had found such a large audience on social media.I think of this event as typical of the love-hate relationships many of us have with Facebook, Instagram, and other social-media platforms. On the one hand, we’ve grown cautious about the so-called attention economy, which, in the name of corporate(公司的) profits, destroys social life gradually and offends privacy. But we also benefit from social media and hesitate to break away from it completely. Not long ago, Imet a partner at a large law firm in Washington, D.C., who told me that she keeps Instagram on her phone because she misses her kids when she travels; looking through pictures of them makes her feel better.In recent months, some of the biggest social-media companies, Facebook and Twitter, in particular, have promised various reforms. In March, Mark Zuckerberg announced a plan to move his platform toward private communication protected by end-to-end encryption(端对端加密); later that month, he put forward the establishment of a third-party group to set standards for acceptable content.All of these approaches assume that the reformation of social media will be a complex, lengthy, and gradual process. But not everyone sees it that way. Alongside these official responses, a loose collective of developers that calls itself the IndieWeb has been creating another alternative. They are developing their own social-media platforms, which they say will preserve what’s good about social media while getting rid of what’s bad. They hope to rebuild social media according to principles that are less corporate and more humane(人道的).12. Why did the author feel annoyed when his video was spread online?A. His video caused many arguments.B. His video was shared without his permission.C. His talk was opposed by a large amount of people.D. His video’s popularity on social media is against his talk.13. Why does the author mention the story of his partner in paragraph 2?A. To prove that social media has some benefits.B. To advise people to break away from social media.C. To tell the negative effects social media may produce.D. To describe people’s complicated relationships with social media.14. What is the purpose of the reform made by some social-media companies?A. To attract more users.B. To improve network environment.C. To make more profits.D. To provide more convenientservice.15. What does the IndieWeb intend to do?A. Develop new social-media platforms.B. Remove social media from people’s lives.C. Improve the existing social-media principles.D. Help social-media companies to make reformation.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020-2021学年北京理工大学附属中学分校高三英语上学期期中考试试题及参考答案
2020-2021学年北京理工大学附属中学分校高三英语上学期期中考试试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AOne day when I was 5, my mother blamed me for not finishing my rice and I got angry. I wanted to play outside and not to be made to finish eating my old rice. When angrily opening the screen door (纱门) with my foot, I kicked back about a 12-inch part of the lower left hand corner of the new screen door. But I had no regret, for I was happy to be playing in the backyard with my toys.Today, I know if my child had done what I did, I would have blamed my child, and told him about how expensive this new screen door was, and I would have delivered a spanking (打屁股) for it. However, my parents never said a word. They left the corner of the screen door pushed out, creating an opening, in the defense against unwanted insects.For years, every time I saw that corner of the screen, it would constantly make me think about my mistake. For years, I knew that everyone in my family would see that hole and remember who did it. For years, every time I saw a fly buzzing (嗡嗡) in the kitchen, I would wonder if it came in through the hole that I had created with my angry foot. Iwould wonder if my family members were thinking the same thing, silently blaming me every time a flying insect entered our home, making life more terrible for us all. My parents taught me a valuable lesson, one that a spanking or stern (严厉的) words perhapscould not deliver. Their silent punishment for what I had done delivered a hundred stern messages to me. Above all, it has helped me become a more patient person and not burst out so easily.1. When the author damaged the door, his parents _______.A. gave him a spankingB. left the door unrepairedC. told him how expensive it wasD. blamed him for what he had done2. The experience may cause the author _______.A. not to go against his parents’ willB. to have a better control of himselfC. not to make mistakes in the futureD. to hide his anger away from others3. What is the main idea of this text?A. Parents is the best way to solve problems.B. Parents are the best teachers of their children.C. Adults should ignore their children’s bad behavior.D. Silent punishment may have a better effect on educating people.BGlobally, people use roofs to dry out food, do their laundry and sleep. In Belfast, where we're based, there's a culture of enjoying looking down on the city from up high, because it's in a valley. But because we were a conflict area for a long time,many people didn't want to live, work or hang out in the city, and our roofs cape has been neglected.Rooftop projects can be as big or as small as you want. They can be used as social or cultural spaces, for green or blue public facilities. But it's not just about commercial opportunities; it can be as simple as an individual turning his/her city balcony into a mini garden or vegetable patch. It's not just about doing it on a rooftop because it's “cool”.It's about giving up the deep-rooted thought that roofs are off limits and embracing their challenges as opportunities. That can make a huge difference. For instance, we're helping turn the rooftop car park of a city central shopping centre into an outdoor space for employees, due to restrictions they now face indoors because of COVID-19.Using rooftops creatively allows us to cope with many of the challenges faced by cities today--be those environmental, social, technological, or cultural. At the moment,we're being forced to rethink how we use public spaces due to COVID-19. With lots of restrictions on enclosed areas, we should be acknowledging rooftops alternatives.For example,Rotterdam recently hosted a play that took place across its rooftops. Each roof lit up and hosted a different part of the drama, while residents sat and watched, listening to the action through headphones. Are there any challenges? Rain is one. Also is health and safety. But there are creative and practical solutions to all the barriers we face. In fact,the challenges are what make rooftops so exciting----because they give you even more opportunities to be creative and solve problems. It is always a matter of trial and error.4. What can we learn about rooftops in the first two paragraphs?A. People enjoy getting together on rooftops.B. People can use rooftops to their own advantage.C. Rooftops are made good use of by locals in Belfast.D. Rooftops projects were launched for commercial reasons.5. How can rooftops benefit people in their life?A. Rooftops can be adapted to car parks.B. Rooftops help solve environmental problems.C. Rooftops can provide space for work and play.D. People can exchange their thoughts on rooftops.6. What will be possibly mentioned after the last paragraph?A. The new challenges of the future.B. Reasons for building rooftop projects.C. Exciting development of rooftop projects.D. Solutions to the challenges we are facing now.7. What is the author's purpose in writing the text?A. To introduce rooftop projects in Belfast.B. To encourage people to start rooftop projects.C. To analyze the current situation of rooftop projects.D. To offer suggestions on long-term city development.CHave you ever done something that was really dangerous just because you thought it was safe？Maybe you did a dangerous trick on your bicycle or skateboard because you were wearing a helmet and thought you couldn’t get hurt. The psychology(心理) of this sort of behavior is called the Peltzman Effect, named after Sam Peltzman, professor of economics at the University of Chicago. Peltzman believes that those moments when people think they are the safest are the times when they act most dangerously.Peltzman said that people drove more dangerously when they wore seat belts(安全带) . Driving a large four-wheel drive vehicle has a similar effect on drivers’ behavior. Because drivers of large vehicles sit up higher and can see better, they feel they can make better judgments when they drive. They are better protected in accidents,so they act more dangerously. This makes driving morehazardousto other drivers.The Peltzman Effect isn’t just limited to driving. In 1972, the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) passed a law requiring child safety caps on most medicine bottles. The safety caps were designed to prevent children from accidentally taking the medicine, especially painkillers such as aspirin. Requiring safety caps sounded like a great idea, but there was an unexpected side effect. Because the safety caps are so hardto take off, some people leave them off altogether．Worse, some parents leave the bottles where kids can reach them because they feel that it is safe because of the cap. A study on the Peltzman Effect showed that more than 3,500 children have been harmedby aspirinbecause of the safety caps.The Peltzman Effect describes how we’re likely to take more risks and act more dangerously when we feel safest. What’s more, the effects of these behaviors can be quite different from what we expect.8. What is the Peltzman Effect？A. People behave less safely when they feel safe．B. People feel safest when they are under protection．C. Something that seems dangerous turns out to be safe．D. People who act dangerously are likely to be together．9. What does the underlined word“hazardous”in Paragraph 2 mean？A. Interesting．B. Expensive．C. Dangerous．D. Important．10. Medicine bottles with safety caps ________．A. are required throughout the worldB. meet the demands of the Peltzman EffectC. sell well in the worldD. are not completely safe11. What would be the best title for the text？A. Unsafe Safety MeasuresB. Types of Decision MakingC. People’s Fear of Taking RisksD. Different Behaviors of People in DangerDMy school appeared on the news last week because we had made an important change in our local area. Our class had planted a large garden in what was once only a vacant lot. It was a lot of work but it was all worth it. I got blisters(水泡) from digging, and we all got insect bites, too.I learned a lot about gardening and collaboration(合作), and then I learned about the media. Our teacher telephoned the TV station and informed them of what we had accomplished. She spoke with the producer. The producer checked with the directors, but they said there were plenty of stories similar to ours. They wanted to know what was special about our particular garden, since many schools plant them.The teacher explained that, after going on the Internet to learn about the prairie(大草原), we had made aprairie garden. We had gone to a prairie and gotten seeds from the plants, and then we planted them. We did not water the garden, but we did weed it. We decided to let nature water it with rain, since that was how prairies grew in the past. We sent a picture of the garden to the news station. In the picture, the grass was so high that it stood taller than the fourth grade students.As a result, the producer sent a reporter to our school. He interviewed the headmaster and asked him many questions about the garden. After that, they interviewed us, and we explained to them what we had learned through this project.That night, we watched the news, and there we were. The news reporter told our story. It was only two minutes long, but it was us. We were famous. All that work, all those blisters, it was worth it. We knewthatwhen we saw the garden every day, but now we knew that the whole city thought so, too.12. What seemed to be the TV directors’ initial reaction to the garden?A. They were excited.B. They were surprised.C. They were worried.D. They were uninterested.13. What is special about the garden?A. Weeds were allowed to spread naturally.B. The grass grew faster than common grass.C. The seeds came from the plants of a prairie.D. Underground water was used for the plants.14. What does the underlined word “that” refer to in the last paragraph?A. We got blisters on our hands.B. Our hard work was worthwhile.C. The garden would be famous.D. The project would be finished.15. How did the author feel about the project?A. Annoyed.B. Curious.C. Proud.D. Regretful.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
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对于D，因为 ，且 ，所以当 时， ，当 时， ，所以D不一定成立，
故选：C
【点睛】
此题考查不等式的性质的应用，属于基础题
8．D
【解析】
由题意可得：f（A）= =15，所以c=15 而f（4）= =30，
可得出 =30故 =4，可得A=16
8．根据统计，一名工人组装第x件某产品所用的时间(单位：分钟)为f(x)＝ (A，c为常数)．已知工人组装第4件产品用时30分钟，组装第A件产品用时15分钟，那么c和A的值分别是( )
A．75,25B．75,16C．60,25D．60,16
9．不等式 对任意实数 恒成立，则实数 的取值范围为（）
A． B．
17．记关于 的不等式 的解集为 ，不等式 的解集为
（1）若 ，求
（2）若 ，且 ，求 的取值范围．
18．
围建一个面积为360m2的矩形场地，要求矩形场地的一面利用旧墙（利用旧墙需维修），其它三面围墙要新建，在旧墙的对面的新墙上要留一个宽度为2m的进出口，如图所示，已知旧墙的维修费用为45元/m，新墙的造价为180元/m，设利用的旧墙的长度为x（单位：元）．设修建此矩形场地围墙的总费用为y.
①整数集是数域；②若有理数集 ，则数集M必为数域；
③数域必为无限集；④存在无穷多个数域．
其中正确的命题的序号是．（把你认为正确的命题的序号填填上）
三、双空题
16．已知 ，其值域设为 ，则 __________；给出下列数值： ，则其中属于集合 的元素是__________（写出所有可能的数值）
四、解答题
对于D，函数 在 上单调递减，故C错误；
故选：B.
6．D
【解析】
【分析】
利用偶函数的定义进行判断即可
【详解】
解：因为函数 是偶函数，
所以 ，
因为 ，所以 ，
故选：D
7．C
【解析】
【分析】
利用作差法结合已知条件逐个判断即可
【详解】
解：对于A，因为 ， ，所以当 时， ，当 时， ，所以A不一定成立；
对于B，因为 ， ，所以当 时， ，当 时， ，所以B不一定成【解析】
【分析】
由二次根式的被开方数非负，解不等式组即可
【详解】
解：要使函数有意义，只要满足
，解得 ，
所以函数的定义域为 ，
故选：C
5．B
【解析】
【分析】
由常见函数的单调性逐项判断即可得解.
【详解】
对于A，函数 在 上单调递减，故A错误；
对于B，函数 ，在 上单调递增，故B正确；
对于C，函数 在 上单调递减，在 单调递增，故D错误.
故答案为：既不充分也不必要
13．
【解析】
【分析】
由已知可得 为真命题，则可得 ，从而可求出实数 的取值范围
【详解】
解：因为命题 ，
所以 ，
因为 是真命题，所以 ，即 ，解得 ，
故答案为：
14．
【解析】
【分析】
分 两种情况解不等式即可
【详解】
解：当 时， ，解得 （舍去）
当 时， ，得 ，解得 或 （舍去）
参考答案
1．B
【解析】
【分析】
先求出集合B，然后再求两个集合的交集即可
【详解】
解：由 ，得 ，
所以 ，
因为 ，所以
故选：B
2．B
【解析】
【分析】
全称命题否定为特称命题，改量词否结论即可
【详解】
解：命题“ “的否定为“ ”，
故选：B
3．A
【解析】
【分析】
先将 配方可得 ，即可判断.
【详解】
因为 ，
即 的值总是正数，
先求二次函数的对称轴，根据开口方向直接得函数的单调递减区间.
【详解】
，
函数的对称轴是 ，开口向上，
所以函数的单调递减区间是 .
故答案为： .
12．既不充分也不必要
【解析】
【分析】
通过举反例进行判断即可
【详解】
解：令 ，则 ，所以由 得不到 ，
若令 ，满足 ，此时 ，所以由 得不到 ，
所以“ ”是“ ”的既不充分也不必要条件，
C． D．
10．欧几里得的《几何原本》，形如 的方程的图解法是：画 ，使 ，在斜边 上截取 ，则该方程的一个正根是（）
A． 的长B． 的长C． 的长D． 的长
二、填空题
11．函数 的单调递减区间为__________．
12．“ ”是“ ”的__________条件（从“充分不必要”、“必要不充分”、“充分必要”、“既不充分也不必要”中选一个填空）．
13．已知命题 ，若 是真命题，则实数 的取值范围是__________．
14．设函数 ，若 ，则实数 的取值范围是__________．
15．设P是一个数集，且至少含有两个数，若对任意a、b∈R，都有a+b、a-b，ab、 ∈P（除数b≠0），则称P是一个数域.例如有理数集Q是数域；数集 也是数域.有下列命题：
（Ⅰ）将y表示为x的函数；
（Ⅱ）试确定x，使修建此矩形场地围墙的总费用最小，并求出最小总费用．
19．已知定义在 上的奇函数 ，且
（1）求 的值
（2）判断函数 在 上的单调性，并给出证明
20．已知 的定义域是 ，对于定义域内任意的 都有 ，且当 时，
（1）求证： 是偶函数
（2）求证： 在 上是增函数
（3）若 ，求实数 的取值范围
A．总是正数B．总是负数C．可以是零D．可以是正数也可以是负数
4．函数 的定义域为（）
A． B． C． D．
5．下列函数在区间 上为增函数的是（）
A． B． C． D．
6．若函数 是偶函数，且 ，则必有（）
A． B． C． D．
7．已知 为非零实数，且 ，则下列不等式一定成立的是（）
A． B． C． D．
北京理工大学附属中学2020-2021学年高一上学期期中试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、单选题
1．已知集合 ，则 （）
A． B． C． D． 或
2．全称量词命题“ “的否定是（）
A． B．
C． D．
3．不论 为何实数， 的值为（）
从而c=15 =60
故答案为D
9．A
【解析】
因为 对任意x恒成立，所以 ．
10．B
【解析】
【分析】
由已知可得 ，然后在 中利用勾股定理得 ，化简可得 ，从而可得答案
【详解】
解：在 中， ， ，
所以 ，
由勾股定理得， ，
所以 ，
所以 ，
所以 ，
所以方程 的一个正根为 的长，
故选：B
11．
【解析】
【分析】
综上，实数 的取值范围为 ，
故答案为：
15．③④
【解析】
试题分析：利用已知条件中数域的定义判断各命题的真假，关键把握数域是对加减乘除四则运算封闭．解：要满足对四种运算的封闭，只有一个个来检验，如①对除法如 ∉Z不满足，所以排除；对②当有理数集Q中多一个元素i则会出现1+i∉该集合，所以它也不是一个数域；③④成立．故答案为③④．