清华大学2005考博英语试题
2005年医学博士外语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2005年医学博士外语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 2. 3. 4. 5. PartⅢCloze 6. PartⅣReading Comprehension 7. PartⅤWritingSection A听力原文：W: Congratulations! I understand you will be admitted to Peking University. When are you leaving for Beijing?M: You must be thinking of someone else. I’m still waiting to hear.Q: What does the man mean?1．A．He was waiting in the wrong place.B．He won’t have to wait any longer.C．The woman was mistaken.D．The woman should ask somebody else for help.正确答案：C解析：通过男士的话You must be thinking of someone else可知女士是认错人了。
听力原文：M: Hello, this is Jason Smith. I’m calling to see if my urine test results are in.W: Doctor White just sent them to the lab this morning. So the earliest data will be back in tomorrow’s afternoon.Q: What does the woman mean?2．A．The results might be ready tomorrow afternoon.B．The results might be ready tomorrow morning.C．The results will be ready this afternoon.D．The results were back this morning.正确答案：A解析：男士想知道自己的尿检结果，女士告诉他数据最早出来的时间是tomorrow’s afternoon。
清华大学考博英语-9_真题-无答案
清华大学考博英语-9(总分100,考试时间90分钟)Part Ⅰ V ocabularyDirections: There are forty incomplete sentences in this part, For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D, Choose the best one **pletes the sentence, and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with single line through the center.1. She is a woman of ______ who has never abandoned her principles for the sake of her own benefits.A. dignity B. scarcity C. Integrity D. stability2. Many important mistakes have been escaping ______, and a lot of money has been lost as a result.A. detection B. scarcity C. integrity D. stability3. I say that not to persuade you, but merely to ______ my conscience.A. revolve B. relieve C. retrieve D. revive4. When he left high school, he ______ to go to college and study for a degree, rather than get a job straight away.A. opted B. forwent C. indulged D. excelled5. Arithmetic is one fundamental science, ______ all other physical sciences.A. undermining B. undertaking C. underscoring D. underlying6. In the professions where women ______ numerically, it would be reasonable to expect them to hold senior positions.A. tolerate B. integrate C. predominate D. accumulate7. Last year our school football team won four ______ games.A. obsessive B. concessive C. successive D. excessive8. I can't possibly mark your homework; your handwriting is ______.A. illogical B. illiterate C. illusive D. illegible9. Another big issue ______ the nation is the problem of the education of its citizens.A. confining B. illiterating C. conforming D. confronting10. The relation of the earth on its axis is responsible for the ______ of periods of light and darkness.A. alteration B. alternation C. alternative D. altercation11. As the artist was ______ to pollen, he seldom went into the country to sketch the natural beauty in spring.A. destructive B. allergic C. fragile D. unchallenged12. The virus attacks the plant, the flower does not open, and ______ no seeds are produced.A. consequently B. subsequently C. simultaneously D. spontaneously13. The medicine was supposed to cure all kinds of ______, ranging from colds to back pains.A. compliments B. ailments C. implements D. commitments14. Mass production is ______ only in an economy with a highly developed technology.A. vulnerable B. invaluable C. feasible D. compatible15. His past affection for Jane ______ any new relationship impossible for him.A. resented B. rendered C. repelled D. resorted16. With a candle in hand, he carefully ______ the narrow stairs to his bedroom.A. asserted B. ascertained C. assembled D. ascended17. Some plants are ______ to disease and must be taken good care of for the whole growing period.A. fantastic B. subordinate C. susceptible D. imperative18. The best films are those which ______ national or cultural barriers.A. transcend B. transit C. transcribe D. transect19. Such occupations were so ______ as to be unworthy of his full attention.A. triggering B. tripling C. trifling D. trembling20. Despite his unsuccessful career, he was ______ to think that he at least had a warm family to turn to.A. conferred B. consoled C. confessed D. convinced21. For years the girl had harbored her ______ against her stepmother. Today, she finally got the courage to speak it out.A. resentment B. rivalry C. compulsion D. concession22. The doctor was in a ______ as to whether to tell the patient the truth or a lie.A. prudence B. dilemma C. secrecy D. psychology23. ______ from power, he had to go back to his hometown and toil in his little farm.A. Relinquished B. Tumbled C. Displaced D. Retrieved24. Watching news program at night has become an ______ part of the lives of most people in big cities.A. automotive B. instructive C. unconventional D. integral25. He finally agreed to sign the agreement with us, but with some ______.A. recurrence B. rejection C. reluctance D. refutation26. "We didn't want to displease our most ______ supporters, therefore, we have provided them with the opportunity of getting extra tickets to any game this year," said the manager of the football club.A. acute B. ardent C. sheer D. fantastic27. Soil ______ is a natural process. It becomes a problem when human activity causes it to occur much faster than under natural conditions.A. preservation B. abrasion C. erosion D. eruption28. Poverty and domestic violence make it easy for her to trust that bad things will happen and take this ______ happiness away.A. adversary B. vulgar C. fragile D. superfluous29. Though this book was written more than 50 years ago, it has a relatively contemporary appeal, and its ______ plotting will amuse mystery lovers.A. intricate B. disparate C. compassionate D. passionate30. "The project goal is for students to **plex and interesting sentences, and ______ , whole paragraphs," The teacher explains.A. foremost B. ultimately C. readily D. intimately31. Hypertension places stress on a number of organs (called target organs), including the kidney, eyes, and heart, causing them to ______ over time.A. deteriorate B. distress C. underscore D. dilute32. To take revenge of the defeat last year, each player was making his ______ to win the match, Even their fans were cheering for them.A. setback B. endeavor C. remnant D. distinction33. Like most other **panies with a rigid ______, workers and managers have strictly defined duties.A. vitality B. jurisdiction C. hierarchy D. bureaucracy34. To maintain a leading position in the market, companies have to develop products which are cheaper, more ______ and more reliable than those of **petitors.A. innovative B. commensurate C. enlightening D. legitimate35. Working in the customs, I feel both exciting and challenging, for I have to face the difficulties of dealing with ______ groups of people.A. delicate B. deliberate C. discrete D. disparate36. Competitors from more than a hundred countries have ______ in Los Angeles for the Olympic Games.A. denounced B. converged C. detached D. sprawled37. The environmental movement is ______ to the widespread feelings of support for nature's inheritage in recent decades.A. testimony B. deliberate C. compensation D. compassion38. In the ______ chapters, the professor has traced the redefinition of Britain's global position in recent decades.A. obsolete B. abiding C. preceding D. wielding39. It is our firm ______ that a step forward has been taken and will bring the country back to economic prosperity.A. conviction B. empowerment C. imperative D. proposition40. Due to sluggish market conditions, the factory's workforce has ______ from over 4,000 to a few hundred.A. proclaimed B. dwindled C. repressed D. indulgedPart Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part of the test, there are four short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer from the four choices given end mark the Corresponding letter with a single bar a cross the square brackets on your machine scoring Answer Sheet.Passage OneHow many things can you see in the night sky? A lot! On a clear night you might see the Moon, some planets, and thousands of sparkling stars.You can see even more with a telescope. You might see stars where before you only saw dark space. You might see that many stars look larger than others. You might see that some stars that look white are really red or blue. With bigger and bigger telescopes you can see more and more objects in the sky. And you can see those objects in more and more details.But scientists believe there are some things in the sky that we will never see. We won't see them with the biggest telescope in the world, on the clearest night of the year. That's because they're Invisible. They're the mysterious dead stars called black holes.You might find it hard to imagine that stars die. After all, our Sun is a star. Year after year we see it up in the sky burning brightly, giving us heat and light. The Sun certainly doesn't seem to be getting old or weak. But stars do burn out and die after billions of years.As a star's gases burn, they give off light and heat. But when the gas runs out, the star stops burning and begins to die.As the star cools, the outer layers of the star pull in toward the center. The star squashes into a smaller and smaller ball. If the star was very small, the star ends up as a cold. dark ball called a black dwarf. If the star was very big, it keeps squashing inward until it's packed together tighter than anything in the universe.Imagine if the each were crushed until it was the size of a tiny marble. That's how tightly this dead star, a black hole is packed. What pulls the star in toward its center with such power?. It's the same force that pulls you down when you jump--the force called gravity. A black hole is so tightly packed that its gravity sucks in everything--even light. The light from black hole can **e back toyour eyes. That's why you see nothing but blackness.So the next time you stare up at the night sky, remember: there's more in the sky than meets the eyes! Scattered in the silent darkness are black holes--the great mystery of space.1. According to the article, what causes a star to die?A. As its gases run out, it cools down. B. It collides with other stars. C. It can only live for about a million years. D. As it gets honer and hotter, it explodes.2. Which of the following statements is NOT a fact?A. Black holes are dead stars. B. Black holes have gravity, C. Black holes are invisible. D. There is nothing as mysterious as a black hole.3. What happens AFTER a star dies?A. It becomes invisible. B. It falls to Earth. C. It bums up all of its gases. D. It becomes brighter and easier to see,4. Why can't you see light when you look at a black hole?A. Because most black holes are so far away. B. Because the gravity of a black hole is so strong that it sucks the light inward. C. Because as the star's gases burn, it stops giving off heat and light. D. Because as a star cools, its outer layers pull in toward its center.5. What is the main idea of the article?A. The future of our Sun billions of years from now. B. The difference between our Sun and a dead star. C. The mystery of black holes in the universe, D. The sparking and dying stars in the sky.Passage TwoBy far the **mon difficulty in study is simple failure to get down to regular concentrated work. This difficulty is much greater for those who do not work to a plan and have no regular routine of study. Many students muddle along, doing a bit of this subject or that, as the mood lakes them, or letting their set work pile up until the last possible moment.Few students work to a set timetable. They say that ff they did construct a timetable for themselves they would not keep to it, or would have to alter it constantly, since they can never predict from one day to the next what their activities will be.There are many who stay away from the self-regimentation of a weekly timetable, and dislike being tied down to a definite program of work. Many able students claim that they work in cycles. When they become interested in a topic they work on it intensively for three or four days at a time. On other days they avoid **pletely. It has to be confessed that we do not fully understand **plexities of the motivation to work. Most people over 25 years of age have become conditioned to a work routine, and the majority of really productive workers set aside regular hours for the more important aspects or their work. The "tough-minded" school of workers is usually very contemptuous of the idea that good work can only be done spontaneously, under the influence of inspiration.Those who believe that they need only work and study as the fit takes them have a mistaken belief either in their own talent or in the value of "freedom". Freedom from restraint and disciplineleads to unhappiness rather than to "self-expression" or "personality development". Our society insists on regular habits, time keeping and punctuality and whether we like it or not, if we mean Io make our way in society we have to comply with its demands.1. The most widespread problem on applying oneself to study is that of ______.A. the failure to keep a routine of methodical and intensive work B. changing from one subject to another C. unwillingness to follow a systematic plan D. applying oneself to a subject only when one feels inclined2. According to the passage, there are many students who ______.A. do not like **manded to study according to e weekly timetable B. are too timid to accustom themselves to a weekly timetable C. refuse to exert themselves the whole week as if under military discipline D. shrink from the self-discipline required for working to a weekly plan3. Those workers with strict views on work ______.A. are very critical of the belief that good work can be a natural product of instinct B. reject the idea that good work is second nature to man C. do not regard as serious the opinion that good work can be done at any time regardless of inspiration D. despise the idea that work can be done well only when free from external pressure and prompted by internal stimulus4. In Paragraph 4 "as the fit lakes them" means ______.A. when they have the energy B. when they are in the mood C. when they find conditions suitable D. when they feel fit5. A suitable title for this passage might be ______.A. Attitudes to Study B. Study Plans C. Study and Self-discipline D. The Difficulties of StudyingPassage ThreeEvery year thousands of people are arrested and taken to court for shop-lifting. In Britain alone, about HK$ 3,000,000's worth of goods are stolen from shops every week. As a result of this "shrinkage" as the shops call it, the honest public has to pay higher prices.Shop-lifters can be divided into three main categories: the professionals, the deliberate amateurs, and the people who just can't help themselves. The professionals do not pose much of a problem for the store detectives, who, assisted by closed circuit television and various other technological devices, can usually cope with them. The professionals tend to go for high value goods in parts of the shops where security measures are tightest. And, in any case, they account for only a small percentage of the total losses due to shop-lifting.The same applies to the deliberate amateur who is to speak, a professional in training. Most of them get caught sooner or later, and they are dealt with severely by the coups.The real problem is the person who gives way to a sudden temptation and is in all other respects an honest and law-abiding citizen. Contrary to what one would expect, this kind of ship-lifter is rarely poor. He does not steal because he needs the goods and cannot afford to pay for them. He steals because he simply cannot stop himself. And there are countless others who, because of age sickness or plain absentmindedness, simply forget to pay for what they take fromthe shops.In order to prevent the growth on ship-lifting offences, some stores, in fact are doing their best to separate the thieves from the confused by prohibiting customers from taking bags into the store. However, what is most worrying about the whole problem is that it is yet another instance of the innocent majority being penalized and inconvenienced because of the actions of a small minority. It is the aircraft hijack situation in anther form. Because of the possibility of one passenger in a million boarding an aircraft with a weapon, the other 999,999 passengers much Subject themselves to searches and delays. Unless the situation in the shops improves, in ten years' time we may all have to subject ourselves to a body search every time we go into a store to buy a tin of beans!1. Why does the honest public have to pay higher prices when they go to the shops?A. There is a "shrinkage" in market values. B. Many goods are not available. C. Goods in many shops lack variety. D. There are many cases of shop-lifting.2. The third group of people steal things because they ______.A. are mentally ill B. are quite absent-minded C. can not resist the temptation D. can not afford to Pay for the goods3. According to the passage law-abiding citizens ______.A. can possibly steal things because of their poverty B. can possibly take away goods without paying C. have never stolen goods from the supermarkets D. are difficult to be caught when they steal things4. Which of the following is NOT true about the main types of shop-lifting?A. A big percentage of the total losses are caused by the professional. B. The deliberate amateurs will be punished severely if they get caught. C. People would expect that those who can't help themselves from stealing are poor. D. The professionals don't cause a lot of trouble to the store detectives.5. The aircraft hijack situation is used in order to show that ______.A. the professionals do not pose much of problem for the stores B. some people simply forget to pay for what take from the shops C. the honest public has to pay higher prices D. the third type of shop-lifters are dangerous peoplePassage FourThere are three general methods people use to explain and understand their world, beliefs, pseudoscience, and science.What are beliefs? Well, simply put, beliefs are what you believe to be true. In this first method of interpreting man and the world, certain people proved the information about how the world works. Their teachings are beyond question. Their followers accept these beliefs because they want to accept them, not because of scientific evidence. Some examples are religions, such as Christianity. Christians believe in one God. who created the universe and all that is in it. They believe that this God is active in history, guiding and teaching His people. Like many religions, Christianity provides a number of specific moral rules and principles that make up an important part of its teachings. Superstitions, such as Fung Shui, are **mon examples of beliefs.Pseudoscience, also called fake science, is any body or knowledge, methodology, belief, or practice that claims to be scientific or is made to appear scientific, but is actually not. In pseudoscience, people accept opinions, or choose to believe certain facts while intentionally ignoring others, resulting in a false understanding of things and events. Beliefs in magic, monsters, and ghosts fall into this category. Both Chinese Qigong and Indian Yoga are very good physical exercises that can help their practitioners keep fit, but when some magical power, they are turning Qigong or Yoga into pseudoscience. Many people follow pseudoscience be-cause belief in magic or mysterious powers is entertaining. Astrology has millions of followers all around the world, not because it helps them deal with the world in any better way, only because it is just fun.Of the three methods, only science provides a rational way of understanding the world. It does not provide a moral system as religion does and it may not always be as entertaining as pseudoscience sometimes is, but it is the only method that requires constant testing of facts, beliefs and ideas, resulting in changing theories as we get new information. Science teaches us to draw conclusions based on evidence and it also teaches us that some evidence is stronger than other evidence, and how to judge the evidence. Through our study of science, we learn to accept uncertainty, to question facts and theories, and to search constantly for truth.Most of us use all three methods in different proportions to view our world. Some scientists believe in theories without supporting evidence. And the scientific method is often used for unscientific purposes. But science is the only method that is constantly changing. It does not depend on the teachings of one man. Each scientist builds on the work of others and his findings, in turn, are used by others to increase our knowledge of the world.1. Which of the following would be a good title of the passage?A. Science and Pseudoscience. B. Religion and Science. C. Science, Pseudoscience and Religion. D. Different Ways of Viewing the World.2. Which of the following is TRUE?A. No beliefs are supported by scientific evidence. B. Pseudoscience always leads to false understanding of things or events. C. Science never questions facts. D. Scientists accept noting without scientific evidence.3. Which of the following is NOT true about science?A. Science accepts uncertainty. B. Science does not push people to follow any specific set of moral rules. C. Science teaches us to weigh different evidence. D. Science urges us not to accept any beliefs or ideas.4. Which of the following is TURE about pseudoscience? A. Qigong is pseudoscience. B. Pseudoscience provides no supporting evidence. C. Pseudoscience can be entertaining O. Pseudoscience has nothing to do with beliefs.5. The word "astrology" (Paragraph 3) most probably refers to ______.A. study of the position of stars in the belief that they influence human affairs B. a set of methods used in doing things efficiently in our life C. central data processing unit of a computer popularly used today D. scientific study of the earth's crust, rocks, etc, and of the history of its developmentPart Ⅲ ClozeDirections: There are twenty blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet,The Japanese desire for marriage had been very strong. In the fifth "world youth attitude survey" 1 by the Management and coordination Agency in 1993, over 70 percent of the Japanese 2 chose the answers "One should get married" or "It’s better to get married." Of the 11 countries surveyed, Japan was 3 only by the Philippines in the percentage advocating marriage 4 opposed to a single life.In recent years, however, there has been a spreading recognition among the Japanese public that something 5 is happening in people's attitudes toward marriage.When they began to have adequate food, clothing and shelter years of postwar shortages and thus became able to 6 their attention to other matters, the Japanese for the first time 7 a renewed look at the question of marriage. In the 1990s,people began to ask "What on earth is marriage anyway?" and to talk about marriage itself.In Japan. the proportion of men still unmarried in their thirties reached about 20 percent in the national census taken in 1985, and the 8 apparently exceeded 30 percent in 1995, The proportion of unmarried women in the 25-29 age bracket has been increasing 9 about 5 percent every five years until it is now nearly 50 percent.What are the real reasons that women choose not to marry? Early on, two were 10 : women were now better educated and more women were interested in working outside the home. Many women have become 11 independent, acquiring enough self-confidence to 12 a meaningful life outside of marriage. And 13 seems to be a wide gap in the way men and women view marriage. Women generally believe that, 14 women's roles in Japan's postwar society have become diversified, men have essentially remained unchanged 15 such circumstances, communication between the sexes is, in fact, far from easy.Besides that, in the postwar Japan, individualism has begun to lake 16 . The 50 years since the end of the war be regarded as process of a 17 from the family-centered to the individual-centered way of thinking. In Japan today, society has matured to a point 18 it now tolerates a diversity of marriage styles which were unthinkable not very long ago. In the future, such tolerance is almost 19 to in-crease. But a headlong plunge toward unbridled individualism is also dangerous. The ideal 20 may be to achieve a complementary fusion of the collectivism of Japan's **munity and the individual-ism of the new age.1. A. practiced B. conducted C. involved D. devised2. A. respondents B. correspondents C. counterparts D. reflectors3. A. surpassed B. preceded C. disadvantaged D. defeated4. A. when B. what C. lest D. as5. A. important B. common C. exciting D. unusual6. A. catch B. attract C. turn D. derive7. A. made B. took C. began D. learnt8. A. number B. amount C. figure D. data9. A. to B. by C. with D. data10. A. cited B. dealt C. obliged D. occurred11. A. monetarily B. economically C. mentally D. physically12. A. take B. face C. lead D. feel13. A. it B. that C. what D. there14. A. since B. while C. whether D. when15. A. Under B. Within C. On D. At16. A. interest B. advantage C. mark D. root17. A. range B. step C. shift D. drive18. A. which B. where C. that D. what19. A. known B. supposed C. prone D. certain20. A. approach B. attitude C. option D. standardPart Ⅳ TranslationDirections: Translate the following passage into Chinese, and then write it on the ANSWER SHEET.1. Henry Paulson, Treasury Secretary, left Shanghai yesterday, where he made an end of the visit to the three countries in Asia. As the chief economic policy consultant and economic affairs spokesman of the America president, Paulson delivered a keynote address in Shanghai Futures Exchange. And the address was viewed as the latest exposition of the economic policies of the Bush-administration towards China. During the speech, Paulson repeatedly emphasized that China's economic growth has benefit but no threat to the global economic growth. He declared that America welcomes the development of China to become a member of the global economy.Part Ⅴ Writing1. Directions：There is a picture below．Look at it carefully and write a composition of about 250 words based on what it conveys．。
05年10月考博英语A卷
05年10⽉考博英语A卷中国科学院博⼠研究⽣⼊学考试英语试卷2005年10⽉------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------THE CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCESENGLISH ENTRANCE EXAMINATION FORDOCTORAL CANDIDATESOctober 2005PAPER ONEPART I VOCABULARY (15 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 point each)Directions: Choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single baracross the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. Marine biologists are calling for Cardigan Bay to be redeveloped as a marine nature _______ to protect the dolphins.A. reservationB. rescueC. reserveD. refugee2. Police have planned a reconstruction of the crime tomorrow in the hope that thiswill ________ the memory of the passers-by.A. keepB. easeC. jogD. enhance3. Diamonds have little ________ value and their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity.A. intricateB. intactC. intriguingD. intrinsic4. At the moment she is ________ the netball match between the Japanese team andthe Cuban team over at the playing field.A. arbitratingB. interveningC. refereeingD. deciding5. Any time ________, any period of waiting is because you haven't come and received the message.A. errorB. cutC. lackD. lag6. James Joyce was __________ as the greatest writer of the 20th century.A. salutedB. estimatedC. scaledD. measured7. As a moralist, Virginia Woolf works by indirection, subtly undermining officially accepted mores, mocking, suggesting, and calling values into question ______ asserting, advocating or bearing witness.A. rather thanB. other thanC. together withD. as well as8. Scientists hope the collision will produce a large crater in the comet’s surface in order to reveal the core and give some _________ to the origin of the solar system.A. sourcesB. interpretationsC. cluesD. observations9. The Japanese Prime Minister’s _________ is a seat on the UN Security Council, for which he will be lobbying at the summit.A. precedenceB. promiseC. priorityD. procedure10. This cycle of growth, reached its peak in 1986, when the annual rate of growthwas ________ 12 percent.A. in case ofB. in view ofC. in face ofD. in excess of11. How well a person __________ depends just as much on whether they’re self-confident as it does on particular skills and expertise.A. jumps outB. turns outC. covers upD. turns up12. The skin of the forest keeper _________ exposure to the harsh northwest weather.A.is tanned fromB.is colored fromC. is tainted byD. is encoded by13. The Court of Auditors of the EU is an _________ body and acts independently from all other institutions.A. indifferentB. imperativeC. impartialD. incoherent14. Since it is too late to change my mind, I am _________ to carrying out the plan.A. committedB. obligedC. engagedD. resolved15. The possibilities of an autumn election cannot be _________.A. struck outB. left outC. ruled outD. counted out16. Hotels and restaurants are an ____ part of the city; without them the city’s tourist industry cannot exist.A. insignificantB. integralC. interiorD. inevitable17. I reject any religious doctrine that does not _______ to reason and is in conflict with morality.A. applyB. appealC. attractD. attend18. There are three bodies of writing that come to _________ this question and wewill consider each in turn.A. bear onB. sort outC. figure outD. put on19. Success does not ________ in never making mistakes but in never making thesame one a second time.A. compriseB. conveyC. consistD. conform20. Thousands perished, but the Japanese wished to ________ the extent of the cruelacts committed by their soldiers.A. live up toB. mark downC. size upD. play downPART II CLOZE TEST (15 minutes, 15 points)Directions:For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the four choices given below. Mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet. Healthy guilt is a warning signal that either something dangerous is about to happen or something has already happened that needs ___21___. A feeling of distress is good when it keeps us from ___22___ our own values. It serves a useful function. Here is a(n) ___23___: If a fire broke out in someone's home ___24___ faulty wiring, he would not be content with ___25___ putting out the fire. ___26___, he would have the house rewired. When we feel guilty about something, we have to make the necessary changes in our character to prevent a ___27___.Unhealthy guilt is a distressful feeling which occurs without reason or persists even after appropriate steps have been taken to deal with a situation. A person with___28___ self-esteem may react to feelings of guilt in one of two ways: ___29___ that he has done wrong in order to protect his fragile ego; or experience the feeling as a ___30___ that he is just an unworthy person. An example involves the case of Mr. L. He has a ___31___ with Mr. Y and exchanges angry words. Later that day, Mr. Y gets sick. Mr. L may feel that he was the ___32___of Mr. Y's misfortune. Mr. L feels unwarranted guilt for the misfortune and thinks that his angry feelings caused the misfortune. This is irrational thinking and is ___33___ of pathological guilt.When people do research on a particular challenge and make a decision, the decision may ___34___ unfavorable consequences. Feeling distress and pain is normal. However, feeling guilty over the idea that you caused the consequences is unhealthy. As long as a decision is made with proper advice and with good intent, then the person remains morally right ___35___ having made the decision. There is no reason for guilt.21. A. connection B. correction C. recovery D. repetition22. A. underestimating B. displaying C. violating D. deteriorating23. A. hypothesis B. definition C. experiment D. analogy24. A. due to B. but for C. with D. under25. A. devotedly B. primarily C. timely D. merely26. A. Therefore B. Rather C. Anyway D. Consequently27. A. distress B. renewal C. conflict D. recurrence28. A. low B. exalted C. sincere D. much29. A. Imply B. Admit C. Deny D. Argue30. A. prescription B. communication C. confirmation D. perception31. A. contact B. disagreement C. relationship D. concern32. A. cause B. origin C. cure D. witness33. A. record B. proof C. evidence D. description34. A. attach to B. turn to C. lead to D. take to35. A. at B. in C. as D. forPART III READING COMPREHENSIONSection A (60 minutes, 30 points)Directions: Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by fourchoices marked A, B, C, and D. Read each passage carefully, and then selectthe choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Markthe letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on yourMachine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage OneJeans were invented a little over a century ago and are currently the world's most popular, versatile garment, crossing boundaries of class, age and nationality. From their origins as pure workwear, th ey have spread through every level of the fashion spectrum, and are embraced internationally for their unmatched comfort and appeal.In the mid '40s, the Second World War came to an end, and denim blue jeans, previously worn almost exclusively as workwear, gained a new status in the U.S. and Europe. Rugged but relaxed, they stood for freedom and a bright future. Sported byboth men and women, by returning GI’s and sharp teenagers, they seem ed as clean and stron g as the people who chose to wear them. In Europe, surplus Levi's were left behind by American armed forces and were available in limited supplies. It was the European population's first introduction to the denim apparel. Workwear manufacturers tried to copy the U.S. originals, but those in the know insisted on the real thing.In the 50s, Europe was exposed to a daring new style in music and movies and consequently jeans took on an aura of sex and rebellion. Rock'n'roll coming from America blazed a trail of defiance, and jeans became a symbol of the break with convention and rigid social mores. When Elvis Presley sang in "Jailhouse Rock," his denim prison uniform carried a potent, virile image. Girls swooned and guys were quick to copy the King. In movies like "The Wild One" and "Rebel Without a Cause," cult figures Marlon Brando and James Dean portrayed tough anti-heroes in jeans and T-shirts. Adults spurned the look; teenagers, even those who only wanted to look like rebels, embraced it.By the beginning of the '60s, slim jeans had become a leisurewear staple, as teens began to have real fun, forgetting the almost desperate energy of the previous decade, while cocooned(包围在) in wealth and security. But the seeds of change had been sown, and by the mid '60s jeans had acquired yet another social connotation---as the uniform of the budding socialand sexual revolution. Jeans were the great equalizer, the perfect all-purpose garment for the classless society sought by the Hippy generation. In the fight for civil rights, at anti-war demonstrations on the streets of Paris, at sit-ins and love-ins everywhere, the battle cry was heard above a sea of blue.36.Jeans were first designed for _______.A.soldiersB.WorkmenC. TeenagersD. cowboys37.In the mid 40s, jeans gained popularity because ________.A. they made the wearer look clean and toughB. they were comfortable and looked friendlyC. they were the outward symbol of the mainstream societyD. they stood for freedom and a strong character38.What does the ―real thing‖ refer to in the second paragraph?A.authentic Levi’sB.workwearC. casual wearD. jeans of European style39.The popularity of Elvis Presley’s way of dressing illustrates that _________.A.teenagers wanted to look sexyB.people desired to look strong and manlyC.jeans went well with rock’n’rollD.D.Americans were more rebellious than Europeans40. The last sentence suggests that jeans were ________./doc/61c5a61755270722192ef7c4.html ed for military purposesB.the symbol of the ideal of social equalityC.worn by all kinds of peopleD. the outfit of social improvementPassage TwoThe ethnic group known as Ashkenazim is blessed with more than its fair share of talented minds, but is also prone to a number of serious genetic diseases.Researchers now suggest that intelligence is closely linked to several illnesses in Ashkenazi Jews, and that the diseases are the result of natural selection.The Ashkenazim are descended from Jewish communities in Germany, Austria, Poland, and Eastern Europe that date back to the 10th century. Today they make up approximately 80 percent of the world's Jewish population.Ashkenazim have the highest average IQ of any ethnic group, scoring 12 to 15 points above the European average. They are also strongly represented in fields and occupations requiring high cognitive ability. For instance, Jews of European ancestry account for 27 percent of U.S. Nobel science prize winners.But the group is also associated with several neurological disorders, including Tay-Sachs, Gaucher's, and Niemann-Pick. Tay-Sachs is a fatal hereditary disease of the central nervous system. Sufferers lack an enzyme needed to break down fatty substances in the brain and nerve cells. Gauchers and Niemann-Pick are similar, often fatal diseases.Because Jews were discriminated against in medieval Europe, they were often driven into professions such as moneylending and banking which were looked down upon or forbidden for Christians.Historians suggest that Jews with lucrative jobs often had four, six, or sometimes even eight or nine children. Poorer families, meanwhile, tended to be smaller, possibly because they lived in overcrowded areas in which children were more prone to disease. As a result, the researchers say, over hundreds of years the Jewish population of Europe became more intelligent than their gentile countrymen.But increased intelligence may have come at a cost, with genetic diseases such as Tay-Sachs being side effects of genes that facilitate intelligence. Researchers argue that it's highly unlikely that mutated genes responsible for these illnesses could have reached such high levels in Ashkenazim if they were not connected to cognitive performance.While the link is difficult to prove, there is some evidence that Gaucher disease does increase a person’s IQ. Around one in three people of working age who were patients of the Gaucher Clinic at the Shaare Zedek Medical Centre in Jerusalem had professions requiring an average IQ of more than 120. This group included scientists, academics, physicians, and accountants.Modern-day Ashkenazim are now far more likely to marry outside their ethnic group. A researcher says that he would expecta tendency for both higher IQs and associated genetic disorders to become less marked over time.41. According to the first paragraph, Ashkenazim are _______.A.more intelligent than other JewsB.more likely to be sick than other JewsC.endowed with natural ability because of genetic diseasesD.more likely to be born with genetic diseases42. According to the article, Ashkenazim are related to the Jewish people in ______.A.the whole Europe and Eastern AsiaB. B. Eastern Europe and a few other European countriesC.Eastern Europe and a few Asian countriesD.Eastern Europe and Germany43. Tay-Sachs, Gaucher’s and Niemann-Pick are _______.A.diseases caused by absence of an enzymeB.life-threatening genetic diseasesC.diseases that make people more intelligentD.the same disease with different terms44.The ―lucrative job‖ may most probably be a job which is _______.A.ProfitableB.unsteadyC.challengingD.permanent45.The underlined sentence in paragraph 7 roughly means that the researchersbelieve that _______.A. mutated genes have a negative influence on Ashkenazim’s intelligenceB. mutated genes have played a role in Ashkenazim’s intelligenceC. the Ashkenazim’s high intelligence is caused by the mutated genesD. the Ashkenazim’s illnesses have greatly handicapped their performance46.From the passage, it can be anticipated that in the future ________.A.Ashkenazim would be less intelligent but healthierB.there would be more outstanding Ashkenazim intellectualsC.Ashkenazim would be more intelligent and less healthyD.the cause of genetic diseases would be explored more deeplyPassage ThreeSometimes it's just hard to choose. You're in a restaurant and the waiter has his pen at the ready. As you hesitate, he gradually begins to take a close interest in the ceiling, his fingernails, then in your dining partner. Each dish on the menu becomes a blur as you roll your eyes up and down it in a growing panic. Finally, you desperately opt for something that turns out to be what you hate.It seems that we need devices to protect us from our hopelessness at deciding between 57 barely differentiated varieties of stuff - be they TV channels, gourmet coffee, downloadable ring tones, or perhaps, ultimately even interchangeable lovers. This thought is opposed to our government's philosophy, which suggests that greater choice over railways, electricity suppliers and education will make us happy. In my experience, they do anything but.Perhaps the happiest people are those who do not have much choice and aren’t confronted by the misery of endless choice. True, that misery may not be obvious to people who don't have a variety of luxuries. If you live in Madagascar, say, where average life expectancy is below 40 and they don't have digital TV or Starbucks, you might not be impressed by the anxiety and perpetual stress our decision-making paralysis causes.Choice wasn't supposed to make people miserable. It was supposed to be the hallmark of self-determination that we so cherish in capitalist western society. But it obviously isn't: ever more choice increases the feeling of missed opportunities, and this leads to self-blame when choices fail to meet expectations. What is to be done? A new book by an American social scientist, Barry Schwartz, called The Paradox of Choice, suggests that reducing choices can limit anxiety.Schwartz offers a self-help guide to good decision making that helps us to limit our choices to a manageable number, and ultimately derive greater satisfaction from the choices we make. This is a capitalist response to a capitalist problem.But once you realize that your Schwartzian filters are depriving you ofsomething you might have found enjoyable, you will experience the same anxiety as before, worrying that you made the wrong decision in drawing up your choice-limiting filters. Arguably, we will always be doomed to buyers' remorse and the misery it entails. The problem of choice is perhaps more difficult than Schwartz allows.47.The waiter mentioned in Paragraph 1 would agree that given a variety of choice_______.A. it is common for his customer to hesitate in ordering a mealB. it is impolite for his customer to order with hesitationC. it is difficult for his customer to expect quality foodD. it is possible to get to know his customer’s partner48.It is implied that it is the government’s inten tion to _______.A.improve the quality of TV programsB.try to offer greater choice over public service systemsC.make people realize that some lovers are interchangeableD.encourage the downloading of a variety of ring tones49.We can infer that the author’s attitude toward s choice is that _______.A.the more choice we have, the more freedom we can enjoyB.endless choice has only made us more miserableC.it is easy for people to make a wrong decision with few choicesD. before we make decisions, we want as many choices as possible50.The author mentioned ―Starbucks‖ in Paragraph 3 as an illustration of _______.A.happinessB.low life expectancyC. perpetual stressD. luxury51.From Barry Schwartz’s book, The Paradox of Choice, we can getrecommendation tips on _______.A. how to handle the situation of capitalist exploitationB.how to deal with your expense budgetC. how to avoid the feeling of missed opportunitiesD.how to save money by making a right choice52.We may conclude that it is NOT one of the author’s purposes to _______.AAA. stress the problem of choiceB.discuss decision-making paralysisC. make an analysis of buyers’ remorseD. promote the new book The Paradox of ChoicePassage FourMany things make people think artists are weird –the odd hours, the nonconformity, the clove cigarettes. However, the weirdest may be this: artists’ only jobs are to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel lousy. This wasn’t always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and m usic, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere in the 19th century, more artists began seeing happiness as insipid, phony or, worst of all, boring. In the 20th century, classical music became more atonal, visual art more unsettling.Sure, there have been exceptions, but it would not be a stretch to say that for the past century or so, serious art has been at war with happiness. In 1824, Beethoven completed his ―Ode to Joy‖. In 1962, novelist Anthoy Burgess used it in A Clockwork Orange as the favorite music of his ultra-violent antihero.You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen such misery. But the reason may actually be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in peril and that they would someday be meat for worms. Today the messages that the average Westerner is bombarded with are not religious but commercial, and relentlessly happy. Since these messages have an agenda –to pry our wallets from our pockets –they make the very idea of happiness seem bogus(假的). ―Celebrate!‖commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attack.What we forget – what our economy depends on us forgetting – is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. Thethings that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need someone to tell us that it is ok not to be happy, that sadness makes happiness deeper. As the wine-connoisseur movie Sideways tells us, it is the kiss of decay and mortality that makes grape juice into Pinot Noir. We need art to tell us, as religion once did, that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It’s a message even more bitter tha n a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, is a breath of fresh air.53.What is most strange about artists?A. They wear special clothes.B. They rarely work in the daytime.C. They mainly depict distressing things.D. They are liable to take illegal drugs.54.What does the author mean by ―a stretch‖?A.a terrible thingB.an exaggerationC.a continuous period of timeD.an exception55.The example that ―Ode to Joy‖ was used in Burgess’s novel is meant to illustratethat _______.A.musicians and novelists share similar artistic tasteB.violent people have a strong desire to be happyC.serious art is often contradictory with happinessD.music is enjoyed by good and bad people alike56.The word ―Celebrex‖ in the advertisement ________.A.misleads people into buying dangerous drugsB.reminds people of a cheerful feelingC.boasts of the effectiveness of a drug/doc/61c5a61755270722192ef7c4.html es from a religious term57.How could the economy depend on our forgetting things?A.The economy would not be boosted if everybody were satisfied.B.There are many new products designed for the forgetful.C.People will spend more money if we believe in easy happiness.D.We pay heavily for forgetting things easily.58.What does the author imply with the movie Sideways?A.Happiness can be found through pains and efforts.B.Happiness comes when everything dies.C.Happiness makes sadness deeper.D.Happiness is not a good thing.Passage FiveAs students return to school this fall, parents will again worry about new illnesses as kids come into contact with flu germs. There are other risks they should worry about—illnesses caused by the common bugs and rodents found in school buildings. Perhaps the even more dangerous pests however are those individuals who prevent school administrators from swiftly addressing these problems.Anti-chemical activists have pushed, and nearly 20 states and local governments have passed, laws to eliminate or drastically reduce the use of pesticides in schools. Yet pesticides are used to control roaches, mice, rats, mosquitoes, and other pests. The public health implications of allowing these things to get out of control should be obvious: increased allergies and illnesses related to insect and rodent bites.Some states have passed a seemingly more reasonable policy that demands that school administrators provide notification 48 to 72 hours before using pesticides. But such laws allow problems to escalate during waiting periods when an urgent response is warranted. Notification paperwork burdens also consume limited financial resources. Journalist Steve Milloy reported that the notification law of Maryland costs the state’s schools $32,000 annually.Parents should fear these laws and the pests they harbor more than the pesticides. Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) pesticide standards are so exceedingly cautious that the risks are tiny when the product is used according to label directions. An analysis done by the University of Texas found that the EPA’s risk estimates overstate pesticide exposure damage at a level hundreds of thousands of times greater than the risk of actual exposure.Meanwhile, many of the pests in schools pose serious risks. Allergies and asthma are a particular concern. According to one study published in Environmental Health Perspectives: ―Allergens associated with dust mites and cockroaches are probably important in both onset and worsening of asthma symptoms for children who are chronically exposed to these agents.‖Cockroach allergies are particularly problematic. Children who suffered from this type of allergy missed more days of school and lost more sleep than children suffering from other allergies.Prudent use of chemicals—not reduced pesticide use—can be a big part of the solution. A study in the Journal of Allergies and Clinical Immunology showed that use of chemical baits and regular cleaning can reduce indoor cockroach allergens to levels below that which causes allergies.If people are truly concerned about public health in schools, it’s time to start looking at priorities. Rather than liberate the pests, they should liberate the schools from silly government regulations and dangerous vermin.59. The author implies that parents should be most concerned about __________.A.flu germsB.pestsC.school administratorsD.anti-chemical activists60. The author would most probably agree that the laws restricting the use of pesticides in schools _________.A.are necessaryB.are harmfulC.are quite effectiveD.reflect health concerns61. The third paragraph shows that in schools ________.A. sometimes pesticides should be used immediatelyB. the cost of using pesticides is very highC.the laws about using pesticides are not properly observedD. using pesticides is a daily routine62. Regarding pesticides, the author thinks that _________.A. their danger has been exaggeratedB. their effects have been proved by EPAC. they are not effective for killing some pestsD.they may cause some illnesses in children63. Allergens associated with cockroaches may ________.A. kill some insectsB. trigger genetic problemsC. cause asthma symptomsD. create environmental pollution64. As a result of cockroach allergies, children may have difficulty with _______.A.hearingB.digesting/doc/61c5a61755270722192ef7c4.html municatingD.sleeping65. What is the main idea of the passage?A. New chemicals should be developed to control pests.B. Pesticides should be used frequently to control pests.C.Some policies have ruined the efforts to control pests.D. Schools have ignored the need to control pests.Section B ( 20 minutes, 10 points)Direction: In each of the following passages, five sentences have been removed from the original text. They are listed from A to F and put below the passage. Choosethe most suitable sentence from the list to fill in each of the blanks (numbered66 to 75). For each passage, there is one sentence that does not fit in any ofthe blanks. Mark your answers on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage OneTHE LONDON terrorist attacks on July 7 and July 21 changed British Prime Minister Tony Blair. He had long been reluctant to make the fight against Islamo-fascist terror a domestic issue. Last week he outlined security measures to deal with radical clerics who incite violence.Of particular interest is a measure that reads in part: "It is now necessary, in order to acquire British citizenship, that people attend a citizenship ceremony [and] swear allegiance to the country." That's not much different from U.S. law. ___66___ This requirement would violate Section 203 of the U.S. V oting Rights Act, which requires that bilingual election materials and assistance be made available when a foreign language reaches critical mass in the general population. For example, California recall ballots in Los Angeles County were printed in English, Spanish, Chinese, Vietnamese, Japanese, Korean and Tagalog. ___67___U.S. law, in effect, tells new citizens that they can be fully engaged in U.S. democracy without understanding the language of its election campaigns. ___68___ Naturalized citizens must demonstrate a fundamental understanding of U.S. history and civics. Isn't it reasonable to expect them also to be able to communicate, at a basic level, in the language of U.S. politics?___69___ Requiring citizens to understand basic English isn't bias. But supporting a system that encourages American citizens to accept a life without meaningful participation in politics and civic life —that's bias.To end the separatism and disengagement that flourishes in part because significant portions of his country cannot speak English, Blair wants to make basic knowledge of English a requirement for British citizenship. There can be no true national。
2005医学博士英语真题及答案
Part II vocabulary
section A
31.There was no_____but to close the road until February.
A.dilemma B.denying C.alternative D.doubt
50.He was given a laptop computer in acknowledgement of his work for the company.
A.accomplishment B.recognition C.apprehension mitment
Part III Close
A.abolish B.address C.extinguish D.encounter
48.This report would be intelligible only to an expert in computing.
A.intelligent prehensive petent prehensible
Mr.Allen does’t only introduce his students to major problems 55 in marriage such as illness or unemployment.He also expose them to nitty-gritty problems they will face every day.He wants to introduce young people to all the trials and 56 that can strain a marriage to the breaking point .He even 57 his students with the problems of divorced men must pay child support money for their wives.
清华大学考博英语-5
清华大学考博英语-5(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}Writing{{/B}}(总题数：3，分数：100.00)1.______How to Deal with School Pressure（分数：34.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(______How to Deal with School PressureCollege can be a very demanding time for students. Professors, class projects, and extracurricular activities can all contribute to a stressed-out college student. While you will undoubtedly experience stress as a college student, following these tips may help keep college stress at a minimum before it becomes too hard to handle.Prioritize your schoolwork. Identify what is most important. If you have a presentation to give this Monday, don't write a one-page review that's due in a couple of weeks; prepare for the presentation first. Likewise, if you have an assignment that requires a lot of work, put it at the top of your list. When you prioritize your work, you will be more efficient. By becoming more organized, you can reduce your stress level drastically.Talk about your problems. Talking about your problems will help ease your tension and anxiety. Seek a trusted friend or see if your school has a counseling center. Talking to others will not only help you feel better, but it will also help you find more ways to deal with those problems that are causing your stress.Adopt a positive attitude. If you are always negative, stress will overwhelm you. By looking at things in a positive light, you will not only reduce your stress, but you will also feel better about yourself. Give yourself pep talks: "I can do this. I will not stress over this."Take time to relax. To maintain peak performance and reduce your amount of stress, you should take time to relax. Performing some sort of physical activity for thirty minutes three times a week will considerably lower your stress level. Throw a Frisbee with your friends, watch your favorite TV show or enjoy your alone time. Taking the time to relax will help reduce your stress level.)解析：2.The Need of Iron（分数：33.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(The Need of IronHow do we get more young people to increase their consumption of iron-rich foods? Many nutritionists are advocating the fortification of a number of foods. This may help, but I contend that we should also intensify our efforts in nutrition education among our young people. I simply do not buy the argument that it is futile to try to change eating habits. Once an intelligent person—and this includes adolescents—understands the need for a healthy diet, I think he or she will act accordingly. As for specific actions: I suggest that blood hemoglobin (血红蛋白) should be checked as a routine part of a youngster's yearly physical examination. It should contain at least 11 grames per 100 milliliters of blood for a girl and at least 12 grams for a boy. If it is any lower, the physician probably will prescribe an easily absorbed iron supplement. Adolescents—and everyone else—should cut out highly processed foods and drinks, which may below in iron and other nutrients. Read the labels for iron content. Especially make sure that all bakery products are made with enriched flour or whole grains. Try adding liver, chicken, beef, veal or any other variety to the weekly menu.Finally, even when you're trying to lose weight, always eat a sensible, well-balanced diet made up of a variety of fresh or very lightly processed foods. This way, you stand a good chance of getting not only enough iron, but also adequate amounts of all the other essential nutrients.) 解析：3.Title: Students Taking Part-time Jobs Outline: 1. 有人认为大学生打工好 2. 有人认为大学生打工不好 3. 我的看法（分数：33.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(Title: Students Taking Part-time JobsSome people think that college students should do part-time jobs. They think college students will be members of the society soon, so they need to get a real sense of how the society runs. In this regard part-time jobs may help, because they not only give college students different chances to know more about different people, but also prepare them better with various experiences for their future.Other people, however, maintain that part-time jobs do more harm than good to college students. They believe, to a college student, study should always be the only job, which entails a great deal of time and effort, and that taking a part-time job is simply nothing but a distraction. Furthermore, college students are still too young to handle the complicated society, which may discourage them from doing school work and even lead them astray.In my opinion, college students must learn how to cope with life outside campus by taking some part-time jobs, because they will be members of the society sooner or later. And what they learn through practice in the society can, on the other hand, help them to know more about themselves and their school work. Therefore they may decide how they will learn on campus more efficiently. There is yet another reason why I applaud college students for having some part-time jobs. I come from a peasant area in west China. Part-time jobs mean a lot to those students like me: They can improve their campus life with the money they get out of the jobs, so that their parents won't have to worry too much about them. I believe if college students spend their time wisely, they will be able to manage well both school work and part-time jobs.)解析：。
2005年03月考博英语试题及答案
中国科学院博士研究生入学考试英语试卷2005年3月考生须知：一、本试卷由试卷一(PAPER ONE)和试卷二(PAPER TWO)两部分组成。
试卷一为客观题，答卷使用标准化机读答题纸；试卷二为主观题，答卷使用普通答题纸。
二、请考生一律用HB或2B铅笔填涂标准化机读答题纸，画线不得过细或过短。
修改时请用橡皮擦拭干净。
若因填涂不符合要求而导致计算机无法识别，责任由考生自负。
请保持机读答题纸清洁、无折皱。
三、全部考试时间总计180分钟，满分为100分。
时间及分值分布如下：试卷一：Ⅰ听力20分钟20分Ⅱ词汇15分钟10分Ⅲ完形填空15分钟15分Ⅳ阅读60分钟30分小计110分钟75分试卷二：Ⅴ英译汉30分钟10分Ⅵ写作40分钟15分小计70分钟25分CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCESENGLISH ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONFORDOCTORAL CANDIDATESMarch 2005PAPER ONEPART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSION (20 minutes, 20 points)Directions:In this section, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The question will be spoken only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. A. He needs more fresh air. B. He is willing to go out.C. He is too sick to go out.D. He opened the window.2. A. Their friemts. B. Daily activities.C. Past experiences.D. Historical events.3. A. To buy a ticket. B. To pay a fee.C. To pay back a debt.D. To buy a gift.4. A. Give information. B. State preferences.C. Ask permission.D. Attract attention.5. A. In a gymnasium. B. In an art exhibition.C. In a shop.D. In a hotel.6. A. 19 dollars each. B. 38 dollars each.C. 30 dollars altogether.D. 36 dollars altogether.7. A. Jack is a gentleman. B. Jack does everything right.C. Jack is a desirable husband.D. Jack behaves immaturely sometimes.8. A. It was remarkable to both the man and the woman.B. It was not suitable for the woman.C. The man hated this kind of movie.D. The woman complained about its quality.9. A. See how much the jacket is.B. See if the jacket there is blue.C. See if there is a cell phone in the jacket.D. See if there was anything turned in this morning.10. A. The man has caught a cold. B. The woman was caught in a rainstorm.C. The weather forecast was inaccurate.D. It rained very heavily.Directions:In this section, you will hear three short talks. At the end of each talk, there will be a few questions. Both the talk and the questions will be read to you only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answer fromthe four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Questions 11-13 are based on Talk 1.11. A. Language comes from physical labor.B. Language learning is a long-term endeavor.C. Language reflects history.D. Language study is very important.12. A. Constructing a wheel. B. Making a choice.C. Coming back.D. Turning around.13. A. The overthrow of a class. B. The overthrow of a tyrant.C. The overthrow of a belief.D. The overthrow of an act.Questions 14-17 are based on Talk 2.14. A. It‟s a wonderful idea.B. It‟s not a smart thing to do.C. It‟s too difficult to put into practice.D. It‟s interesting to the decision maker.15. A. Telling people about your degrees.B. Promising that you will make good achievements.C. Introducing your job responsibilities.D. Talking about the needs of the potential employer.16. A. The results which your potential boss wants to gain with your assistance.B. The results of making more money on an international market.C. The results that the employer has seen in the past.D. The results that your potential boss does not want to see.17. A. Proving that you are capable of doing the job.B. Seeking the position that is not too high or too low for you.C. Insisting that experience is more important than knowledge.D. Claiming that you are better than any other applicant.Questions 18-20 are based on Talk 3.18. A. They exercise dogs twice a day.B. They learn how to be responsible for dogs.C. They encourage dogs to go for long walks.D. They like dogs too much to care about other things.19. A. Working for the police.B. Relaxing with other dogs.C. Protecting businesses.D. Guiding the blind.20. A. Dogs ride in public transport.B. Dogs bite their owners when in a rage.C. Vehicles run over stray dogs.D. People always keep dogs on leads.PART ⅡVOCABULARY (15 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 point each)Directions: Choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.21. Giorgio, now fifteen, and Lucia, also in her teens, were reaching the of their adolescence.A. crisisB. criterionC. causalityD. credibility22. At first Jackie prayed, frozen in fear, but gradually his terror curiosity.A. put up withB. lived up toC. did away withD. gave way to23. The International Olympic Committee rejects the accusations that Beijing‟s budget-cutting move might its preparation for the games.A. degradeB. deliberateC. deployD. defend24. You are not allowed to take a second job your employer gives you permission.A. so long asB. otherwiseC. unlessD. whereas25. They continued to about and enjoy themselves until they became tired.A. strokeB. strollC. stammerD. string26. The survey asked 750 school children about the values and beliefs they from television.A. pick upB. take upC. put upD. make up27. I am grateful for your invitation, and I‟d like to accept your offer with pleasure.A. delightedB. innocentC. graciousD. prestigious28. I must you farewell right now, but on some future occasion, I hope to see you again.A. relayB. bidC. sendD. deliver29. Perhaps my dishes will not be as delicious as those which you are accustomed to eating, but I beg you to grant my and have dinner with me.A. resentmentB. requirementC. requestD. reservation30. That singular ach ievement was not just about Korea‟s arrival as a football force but as a self-confident mature nation to be seriously.A. copedB. shownC. establishedD. taken31. Europe as a unit did little by itself; it either sent for US help, or each European government acted on its own.A. incidentalB. apparentC. cohesiveD. descendent32. On 9 December, James Joyce experienced one of those coincidences which affected him at the time and which later became material for his books.A. inadequatelyB. systematicallyC. profoundlyD. simultaneously33. Embarrassed, I nodded, trying to think of some way to my error.A. make do withB. make up forC. go in forD. go along with34. Furthermore, if I were to leave him, he would , for he cannot endure to be separated from me for more than one hour.A. prevailB. presideC. perishD. persecute35. With high hopes, the company sent samples of the substance to scientists, but theycouldn‟t any practical uses for it.A. come up withB. do justice toC. get even withD. look up to36. He signed a new contract with the Dublin firm, Maunsel & Company, on more favorable than those Grant Richards had given him.A. itemsB. termsC. articlesD. specifications37. Most scientists agree this outpouring contributes to global warming, which could eventually lead to coastal flooding, weather, and widespread crop loss.A. intensiveB. extremeC. unpleasedD. unique38. There was a quick turnover of staff in the department as the manager treated his employees with contempt.A. utterB. soleC. intimateD. corresponding39. The source, who spoke on condition of anonymity, to discuss the implication of that conclusion.A. recededB. impliedC. compliedD. declined40. Childhood can be a time of great insecurity and loneliness, during which the need to be accepted by peers great significance.A. takes onB. works outC. brings aboutD. gives inPART ⅢCLOZE TEST (is minutes, 15 points)Directions: There are 15 blanks in the following passage. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose the most suitable of the words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Can exercise be a bad thing? Sudden death during or soon after strenuous exertion on the squash court or on the army training grounds, is not unheard of. 41 trained marathon runners are not immune to fatal heart attacks. But no one knows just 42 common these sudden deaths linked to exercise are. The registration and investigation of such 43 is very patchy; only a national survey could determine the true 44 of sudden deaths in sports. But the climate ofmedical opinion is shifting in 45 of exercise, for the person recovering from a heart attack as 46 as the average lazy individual. Training can help the victim of a heart attack by lowering the 47 of oxygen the heart needs at any given level of work 48 the patient can do more before reaching the point where chest pains indicate a heart starved of oxygen. The question is, should middle-aged people, 49 particular, be screened for signs of heart disease before 50 vigorous exercise?Most cases of sudden death in sport are caused by lethal arrhythmias in the beating of the heart, often in people 51 undiagnosed coronary heart disease. In North America 52 over 35 is advised to have a physical check-up and even an exercise electrocardiogram. The British, on the whole, think all this testing is unnecessary. Not many people die from exercise, 53 , and ECGs(心电图)are notoriously inaccurate. However, two medical cardiologists at the Victoria Infirmary in Glasgow, advocate screening by exercise ECG for people over 40, or younger people 54 at risk of developing coronary heart disease. Individuals showing a particular abnormality in their ECGs 55 , they say, a 10 to 20 times greater risk of subsequently developing signs of coronary heart disease, or of sudden death.41. A. Then B. Though C. Since D. Even42. A. why B. how C. if D. what43. A. runners B. exercises C. patients D. cases44. A. initiation B. evidence C. incidence D. indication45. A. favor B. positive C. inclination D. bias46. A. good B. well C. much D. far47. A. weight B. amount C. degree D. quality48. A. however B. because C. but D. so49. A. at B. to C. for D. in50. A. taking up B. trying on C. getting over D. doing with51. A. beyond B. by C. with D. of52. A. anyone B. none C. some D. nobody53. A. of course B. at all C. after all D. by far54. A. readily B. suddenly C. already D. ready55. A. having B. had C. having been D. havePART ⅣREADING COMPREHENSION (60 minutes, 30 points)Directions: You will read five passages in this part of the test. Below each passage there are some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Read the passage carefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage 1I myself first saw Samarkand from a rise across a wilderness of crumbling ruins and great graveyards which lie between it and the airport. Suddenly we caught a glimpse of painted towers and the great blue domes of mosques and tombs shouldering the full weight of the sky among bright green trees and gardens. Beyond the gardens and the glittering domes still were those watchful mountains and their evocative snow. I found myself thinking of the thrill I had on catching my first sight of Damascus after crossing the desert from Syria. The light, the orchards and many of the trees were the same but deeper still was the sense of coming into contact with one of the most astonishing cultures in history, the world of the one and only Allah and his prophet Muhammad. It was a world that completely overawed me.Yet the memory of Samarkand which stays with me most clearly is quite a humble one. Coming back to the city from the country on my last evening we passed some unusual elm trees and I stopped to have a look at them. They were, my guide told me, perhaps a thousand years old, older certainly than Genghis Khan. A flock of fat-tailed sheep (the same kind of sheep that my own ancestors saw a Hottentot keeping when they landed at the Cape of Good Hope 321 years ago), tended by some Tadshik children, moved slowly home in the distance. Then from the city came quite clearly the call to prayer from mosque and minaret. I had not expected any calls at all and it made no difference that some of the calls came over loud-speakers. Then beyond the trees an old manappeared on a donkey, dismounted, spread a prayer mat on the ground, and kneeling towards Mecca, he began to pray.From Samarkand I journeyed on to Bokhara which was once the holiest city in Central Asia. At one time it possessed over a hundred religious colleges and close to four hundred mosques. It drew adventurers of all races towards it as it did Marco Polo. Not many of them reached their destination. These days at what used to be one of the richest market places in the world, one buys ice-cream instead of slaves; watches and mass-produced trinkets and fizzy drinks instead of gold, silks and turquoise jewellery. Few of the four hundred mosques remain and most have vanished without even leavinga trace.56. Samarkand lies .A. in a desertB. high in the mountainsC. in front of DamascusD. between the mountains and the airport57. The author said that he was overawed by .A. the beauty of the sceneB. the sight of DamascusC. the age of the placeD. the world of Allah and Muhammad58. The author refers to his clearest memory of Samarkand as “humble” because .A. it was an ordinary scene that he rememberedB. it was his last night in the city and his last memoryC. the elm trees were older than Genghis KhanD. the trees looked impressive in the evening light59. The author says that the sheep he saw were similar to .A. the ones his ancestors had keptB. the ones that lived in his own countryC. those his ancestors had seen at the Cape of Good HopeD. those his ancestors had taken to the Cape of Good Hope60. The author was surprised to hear the calls to prayer because .A. he was far away from the city, yet he could hear them clearlyB. he did not think there would be any callsC. the calls came from the mosquesD. the calls were no different over loud-speakers61. The market has changed in character because now .A. it does sell jewelleryB. the holy men do not sell thereC. it sells goods for tourists and items of little valueD. the traders have disappeared because it is too dangerous to sell therePassage 2The component of the healthy personality that is the first to develop is the sense of trust. As with other personality components, the sense of trust is not something that develops independent of other manifestations of growth. It is not that infants learn how to use their bodies for purposeful movement, learn to recognize people and objects around them, and also develop a sense of trust. Rather, the concept “sense of trust” is a shortcut expression intended to convey the characteristic flavor of all the child‟s satisfying experiences at this early age.Studies of mentally ill individuals and observations of infants who have been grossly deprived of affection suggest that trust is an early-formed and important element in the healthy personality. Psychiatrists find again and again that the most serious illnesses occur in patients who have been sorely neglected or abused or otherwise deprived of love in infancy.Observations of infants brought up in emotionally unfavorable institutions or moved to hospitals with inadequate facilities for psychological care support these findings. A recent report says that “Infants under 5 months of age who have been in an institution for some time present a well-defined picture. The outstanding features are listlessness, relative immobility, quietness, poor sleep, an appearance of unhappiness, etc.”Another investigation of children separated from their mothers at 6 to 12 months and not provided with an adequate substitute comes to much the same conclusion.Most significant for our present point, these reactions are most likely to occur in children who, up to the time of separation at 6 to 9 months of age, had a happy relation with their mothers, while those whose relations were unhappy are relatively unaffected.It is at about this age that the struggle between trusting and mistrusting the world comes to a climax, for it is then that children first perceive clearly that they and their environment are things apart. That at this point formerly happy infants should react so badly to separation suggests, indeed, that they had a faith that now has been shattered. In most primitive societies and in some sections of our own society, the attention accorded infants is more in line with natural processes. Throughout infancy the baby is surrounded by people who are ready to feed it, fondle it, and otherwise comfort it at a moment‟s notice. Moreover, these ministrations are given spontaneously and wholeheartedly, and without that element of nervous concern that may characterize the efforts of young mothers made self-conscious and insecure by our scientific age.We must not exaggerate, however. Most infants in our society too find smiles and comfort. As their own bodies come to be more dependable, there is added to the pleasures of increasing sensory response and motor control the pleasure of the mothers‟ encouragement. Then, too, psychologists tell us that mothers create a sense of trust in their children not by the particular techniques they employ but by the sensitiveness with which they respond to the children‟s needs and by their overall attitude.62. The sense of trust in an infant is under development when .A. the infant experiences some satisfactionB. adults‟ trust is adequateC. the infant learns how to moveD. the infant is surrounded by people he can recognize63. The author raises evidence of mental illness and other disorders in children .A. to introduce a discussion of the effect of institutions on childrenB. to show the effect on children of an unhappy relation with their mothers during infancyC. to warn parents of the dangers of neglecting and abusing their childrenD. to support the point that trust is an early formed and important element of a healthy personality64. Babies might mistrust the world if .A. they did not receive food when they were hungryB. they mastered their body movements too quicklyC. someone came too close to themD. they saw an object disappear65. The climax in the development of a sense of trust occurs .A. before maternal affection is providedB. when a child perceives that he or she is separate from the environmentC. when a child successfully controls his or her muscular coordinationD. as a result of maternal separation66. A possible reason that a child having an unhappy relation with his/her mother will not be affected by maternal separation at 6 to 9 months is that .A. the struggle between trusting and mistrusting has reached a climaxB. the child sees himself/herself as being separate from the environmentC. the child‟s sense of trust is destroyedD. no sense of trust has ever developed67. According to this passage, the most important factor in developing a sense of trust is .A. the type of techniques used by the motherB. the sensitivity of the childC. maternal loveD. the combined effect of natural feeling and cultural attitudes68. How can mothers create a sense of trust in a child?A. By showing confidence and experience in front of the child.B. By applying techniques taught by psychologists.C. By showing the child that the mother is understanding of his/her wants.D. By offering smiles and comforts.Passage 3I saw a television advertisement recently for a new product called an air sanitizer. A woman stood in her kitchen, spraying the empty space in front of her as though using Mace against an imaginary assailant. She appeared very determined. Where others aresatisfied with antibacterial-laced sponges, dish soaps, hand sanitizers and telephone wipes, here was a woman who sought to sterilize the air itself.As a casual student of microbiology, I find it hard to escape the absurdity here. This woman is, like any human being, home to hundreds of trillions of bacteria. Bacteria make up a solid third, by weight, of the contents of her intestines. If you were to sneak into her bathroom while she was showering—and based on my general impression of this woman from the advertisement, I don‟t recommend this—and secret away a teaspoon of the water at her feet, you would find some 820 billion bacteria. Bacteria are unavoidably, inevitably—and, usually, utterly benignly—a part of our world.The fantasy of a germ-free home is not only absurd, but it is also largely pointless. Unless you share your home with someone very old, very young (under 6 months) or very ill, the few hundred bacteria on a countertop, doorknob or spoon pose no threat. The bacteria that cause food poisoning, the only significant rational bacterial worry in the average home, need to multiply into the thousands or millions before they can overwhelm your immune system and cause symptoms.The only way common food poisoning bacteria can manage this is to spend four or five hours reproducing at room temperature in something moist that you then eat. If you are worried about food poisoning, the best defense is the refrigerator. If you don‟t make a habit of eating perishable food that has been left out too long, don‟t worry about bacteria.Viruses are slightly different. You need only pick up a few virus particles to infect yourself with a cold or flu, and virus particles can survive on surfaces for days. So disinfecting the surfaces in the home should, in theory, reduce the chances of picking up a bug.In practice, the issue is less clear. A study by Dr. Elaine Larson at the Columbia School of Nursing called into question the usefulness of antibacterial products for the home. In New York, 224 households, each with at least one preschooler, were randomly assigned to two groups. One group used antibacterial cleaning, laundry and hand-washing products. The other used ordinary products. For 48 weeks, the groups were monitored for seven symptoms of colds, flu and food poisoning—and found to be essentially thesame. A ccording to Dr. Gerba‟s research, an active adult touches an average of 300 surfaces every 30 minutes. You cannot win at this. You will become obsessive-compulsive. Just wash your hands with soap and water a few times a day, and leave it at that.69. What is the main idea of this passage？A. We don‟t need to worry too much about bacteria everywhere in our life.B. Antibacterial products for the home are found to be effective.C. The TV advertisement the writer mentioned is a total failure.D. The existent bacteria pose a threat only to the very young and very old.70. We can infer from Paragraph 3 that .A. healthy people should live separately from unhealthy members of the familyB. a germ-free home is not only possible, but significantC. unless you live with the vulnerable, it is pointless to sterilize the airD. our immune systems are too weak to fight against the food poisoning bacteria71. In the first sentence of Paragraph 4, “... manage this” means “to manage the process of .A. killing the bacteria in your bodyB. multiplying to a significantly large numberC. raising the room temperatureD. sterilizing the perishable food72. According to the author, if you want to keep healthy, you had better .A. make the room dryB. keep the food in the refrigeratorC. wash your hands as much as possibleD. clean the surfaces with anti-bacterial products73. From Paragraph 5 the author emphasizes .A. the danger of virusesB. the common existence of virus particlesC. the short life span of virusesD. the difficulty in killing viruses74. The word “bug” used in Paragraph 5 means .A. a bacteriumB. a coldC. a fluD. a virus75. According to the author, one will become obsessive-compulsive .A. if he washes his hands every time he touches a surfaceB. if he only washes his hands with soap and waterC. if he could not win over the bacteria in his homeD. if he does not fight against the bacteria at homePassage 4Until recently the halls of North High in Minneapolis were lined with vending machines where students could buy soda pop and other sugary drinks, as they can in most other high schools in the nation. But with rates of childhood obesity sky-rocketing, the Minneapolis school district worried about pushing pop. The district needed a way to keep its lucrative vending contract with Coca-Cola while steering kids toward more healthful beverages.Bryan Bass, North‟s assistant principal, took the challenge. He stocked 12 of North‟s 16 vending machines only with water, priced at 75 cents a bottle. Three machines dispensed juice and sports drinks for $1. Only one sold soft drinks, at $1.25 per can. “We located the water machines strategically outside our buildings, so when you come out of a classroom what you see is a water machine,” says Bass. “We also decided to allow water in classrooms but not juice or pop.” The result? Profits from the vending machines nearly tripled, from $ 4,500 to $11,000 in two years. They‟re now in their third year, and says Bass:“Water has become …cool.‟”North‟s suc cess demonstrates what many obesity experts and parents believe: Kids will learn to make healthful food and drink choices if they have access to them and are motivated to do so. “Price is a powerful motivator,” says Simone French of the University of Minnesota, an expert on school-based obesity prevention. She‟s impressed with North‟s efforts, but she says the problem is implementing these strategiesthroughout society. “Obesity is the biggest health issue facing kids,and we‟ve got to do more.”How to do mo re was outlined last week in the Institute of Medicine‟s 460-page action plan, mandated by Congress, on “Preventing Childhood Obesity.” Chaired by Emory University‟s Jeffrey Koplan, the plan is the first comprehensive look at childhood obesity and what government, industry, schools, communities, families, and medical professionals can do to reduce its impact. “I think this is similar in importance to the first Surgeon General‟s Report on Smoking and Health in 1964,” Koplan says. That landmark document led to the health warning on cigarette packages and a ban on cigarette advertising on TV.76. In most American high schools, selling soft drinks is .A. encouragedB. allowedC. unlawfulD. unprofitable77. Water has become “cool” in the Minneapol is school district partly because .A. water is provided freeB. most kids can afford nothing but waterC. water machines are put in noticeable positionsD. children have realized the harm of sugary drinks78. We can infer that in terms of healthful drinks for kids, Simone French and some other experts are .A. confident about children‟s choicesB. pessimistic about the futureC. puzzled about which approach to takeD. worried about how to motivate children79. By mentioning the 1964 report on smoking, Jeffrey Koplan implied that .A. more children tend to smoke today than yesterdayB. both obesity and smoking require the attention of schools and society.C. the present plan on obesity would function similarly as a landmark.D. obesity and smoking are both health problems.80. The primary purpose of this passage is to .。
清华大学考博英语-8
清华大学考博英语-8(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}Part Ⅰ Vocabulary{{/B}}(总题数：40，分数：20.00)1.A child hears his mother tongue spoken from morning till night in its ______ form.∙ A.correct∙ B.accurate∙ C.genuine∙ D.perfect（分数：0.50）A.B.C. √D.解析：[解析] 各项的意思是：correct“正确的，合适的”；accurate“精确的，准确的”；genuine“纯正的”；perfect“完美的，完善的”。
根据句意判断，答案是C。
2.The first few months of the year I had dreaded the ringing of the telephone, because I knew it meant another ______ decision to be made.∙ A.critical∙ B.plentiful∙ C.decent∙ D.massive（分数：0.50）A. √B.C.D.解析：[解析] 各项的意思是：critical“决定性的，关键性的；批评的，批判的”，be critical about“对某事爱挑剔”；plentiful“丰富的，大量的”；decent“正派的，令人满意的”；massive“可观的，巨大的”。
根据句意判断，答案为A。
3.In protest, blacks and ______ whites sat at the counters of these restaurants and refused to move until they were sewed.∙ A.sensible∙ B.indifferent∙ C.influential∙ D.sympathetic（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D. √解析：[解析] 各项的意识是：sensible“明智的，合情理的”；indifferent“不关心的，中立的”，be indifferent to“对……漠不关心”；influential“有影响的，有权势的”；sympathet ic“赞同的，支持的”，be/feel sympathetic to/toward“对……表示同情，持赞同态度”。
清华大学博士考试英语试题及答案
清华大学博士考试英语试题及答案清华大学博士考试英语试题及答案Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (20%)(略）Part Ⅱ Vocabulary (10%) Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one that completes the sentence and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWET SHEET with a single line through the center.21. The__________of the spring water attracts a lot of visitors from other parts of the country.A. clashB. clarifyC. clarityD. clatter22. Business in this area has been__________because prices are too high.A. prosperousB. secretiveC. slackD. shrill23. He told a story about his sister who was in asad__________when she was ill and had no money.A. plightB. polarizationC. plagueD. pigment24. He added a__________to his letter by saying that he would arrive before 8 pm.A. presidencyB. prestigeC. postscriptD. preliminary25. Some linguists believe that the__________age for children learning a foreign language is 5 to 8.A. optimisticB. optionalC. optimalD. oppressed26. It all started in 1950, when people began to buildtheir houses on the__________of their cities.A. paradisesB. omissionsC. orchardsD. outskirts27. The meeting was__________over by the mayor of the city.A. presumedB. proposedC. presentedD. presided28. The crowd__________into the hall and some had to stand outside.A. outgrewB. overthrewC. overpassedD. overflew29. It was clear that the storm__________his arrival by two hours.A. retardedB. retiredC. refrainedD. retreated30. This problem should be discussed first, for ittakes__________over all the other issues.A. precedenceB. prosperityC. presumptionD. probability31. Her sadness was obvious, but she believed that her feeling of depression was__________.A. torrentB. transientC. tensileD. textured32. Nobody knew how he came up with this__________idea about the trip.A. wearyB. twilightC. unanimousD. weird33. The flower under the sun would__________quickly without any protection.A. winkB. withholdC. witherD. widower34. The__________of gifted children into accelerated classes will start next week according to their academic performance.A. segregationB. specificationC. spectrumD. subscription35. He__________himself bitterly for his miserable behavior that evening.A. repealedB. resentedC. relayedD. reproached36. Any earthquake that takes place in any area iscertainly regarded as a kind of a __________event.A. cholesterolB. charcoalC. catastrophicD. chronic37. He cut the string and held up the two__________to tie the box.A. segmentsB. sedimentsC. seizuresD. secretes38. All the music instruments in the orchestra willbe__________before it starts.A. civilizedB. chatteredC. chamberedD. chorded39. When the air in a certain space is squeezed to occupy a smaller space, the air is said to be__________.A. commencedB. compressedC. compromisedD. compensated40. She made two copies of this poem and postedthem__________to different publishers.A. sensationallyB. simultaneouslyC. strenuouslyD. simplyPartⅢ Reading Comprehension (40%) Directions:There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions of unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:Each year, millions of people in Bangladesh drink ground water that has been polluted by naturally highlevels of arsenic poison. Finding safe drinking water in that country can be a problem. However, International Development Enterprises has a low-cost answer. This non-governmental organization has developed technology to harvest rainwater.People around the world have been harvesting rainwater for centuries. It is a safe, dependable source of drinking water. Unlike ground water, rainwater contains no minerals or salts and is free of chemical treatments. Best of all, it is free.The rainwater harvesting system created by International Development Enterprises uses pipes to collect water from the tops of buildings. The pipes stretch from the tops of buildings toa two-meter tall storage tank made of metal. At the top of the tank is a so-called “first-flush”device made of wire screen. This barrier prevents dirt and leaves in the water from falling inside the tank.A fitted cover sits over the “first-flush” device. It protects the water inside the tank from evaporating. The cover also prevents mosquito insects from laying eggs in the water.Inside the tank is a low coat plastic bag that collects the water. The bag sits inside another plastic bag similar to those used to hold grains. The two bags are supported inside the metal tank. All total, the water storage system can hold up to three-thousand-five-hundred liters of water. International Development Enterprises says the inner bags may need to be replaced every two to three years. However, if the bags are not damaged by sunlight, they could last evenlonger.International Development Enterprises says the water harvesting system should be built on a raised structure to prevent insects from eating into it at the bottom. Thetotal cost to build this rainwater harvesting system is about forty dollars. However, International Development Enterprises expects the price to drop over time. The groupsays one tank can provide a family of five with enough rainwater to survive a five-month dry season.41. People in Bangladesh can use__________as a safe source of drinking water.A. ground waterB. rainwaterC. drinking waterD. fresh water42. Which of the following contributes to the low-cost of using rainwater?A. Rainwater is free of chemical treatments.B. People have been harvesting rainwater for centuries.C. The water harvesting system is built on a platform.D. Rainwater can be collected using pipes.43. Which of the following actually prevents dirt and leaves from falling inside the tank?A. a barrierB. a wire screenC. a first-flushD.a storage tank44. The bags used to hold water are likely to be damaged by__________.A. mosquito insectsB. a fitted coverC. a first-flush device D. sunlight45. What should be done to prevent insects from eating into the water harvesting system at the bottom?A. The two bags holding the water should be put inside the metal tank.B. The inner bags need to be replaced every two years.C. The water harvesting system should be built on a platform.D. A cover should be used to prevent insects from eating it.Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage: Where one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficiently experienced, the child may have to go back and capture the experience of it. A good home makes this possible, for example by providing the opportunity for the child to play with a clockwork car or toy railway train up to any age if he still needs to do so. This principle,in fact, underlies all psychological treatment of childrenin difficulties with their development, and is the basis of work in child clinics.The beginnings of discipline are in the nursery. Even the youngest baby is taught by gradual stages to wait for food, to sleep and wake at regular intervals and so on. If the child feels the world around him is a warm and friendly one, he slowly accepts its rhythm and accustoms himself to conforming to its demands. Learning to wait for things, particularly for food, is a very important element in upbringing, and is achieved successfully only if too great demands are not made before the child can understand them.Every parent watches eagerly the child's acquisition of each new skill―the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry thechild beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feeling of failure and states of anxiety in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural zest for life and hisdesire to find out new things for himself.Learning together is a fruit source of relationship between children and parents. By playing together, parents learn more abouttheir children and children learn more from their parents. Toys and games which both parents and children can share are an important means of achieving this co-operation. Building-block toys, jigsaw puzzles and crossword are good examples.Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness or indulgence towards their children. Some may beespecially strict in money matters, others are severe over times of coming home at night, punctuality for meals or personal cleanliness. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own happiness and well-being.46. The principle underlying all treatment of developmental difficulties in children__________.A. is to send them to clinicsB. offers recapture ofearlier experiencesC. is in the provision of clockwork toys and trainsD. is to capture them before they are sufficiently experienced47. The child in the nursery__________.A. quickly learns to wait for foodB. doesn't initially sleep and wake at regular intervalsC. always accepts the rhythm of the world around themD. always feels the world around him is warm and friendly 48. The encouragement of children to achieve newskills__________.A. can never be taken too farB. should be left to school teachersC. will always assist their developmentD. should be balanced between two extremes49. Jigsaw puzzles are__________.A. too difficult for childrenB. a kind of building-block toyC. not very entertaining for adultsD. suitable exercises for parent-child cooperation50. Parental controls and discipline__________.A. serve a dual purposeB. should be avoided as much as possibleC. reflect the values of the communityD. are designed to promote the child'shappinessQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:More than half of all Jews married in U. S. since 1990 have wed people who aren't Jewish. Nearly 480, 000 American children under the age of ten have one Jewish and one non-Jewish parent. And, if a survey compiled by researchers at the University of California at Los Angeles is any indication, it's almost certain that most of these children will not identify themselves as “Jewish” when they get older.That survey asked college freshmen, who are usually around age 18, about their own and their parents' religious identities. Ninety-three percent of those with two Jewish parents said they thought of themselves as Jewish. But when the father wasn't Jewish, the number dropped to 38 percent, and when the mother wasn't Jew, just 15 percent of the students said they were Jewish, too.“I think what was surprising was just how low the Jewish identification wasin these mixed marriage families.” Linda Sax is a professor of education at UCLA. She directed the survey which was conducted over the course of more than a decade and wasn't actually about religious identity specifically. But Professor Sax says the answers to questions about religion were particularly striking, and deserve a more detailed study. She says it's obvious that interfaith marriage works against the development of Jewish identity among children, but says it's not clear at this point why that's the case. “This new study is necessary to get more in-depth about their feelings about their religion. That's something that the study that I completed was not able to do. We didn't have information on how they feel about their religion, whether they have any concern about their issues of identification, how comfortable they feel about their lifelong goals. I think the new study's going to cover some of that,” she says.Jay Rubin is executive director of Hilel, a national organization that works with Jewish college students. Mr. Rubin says Judaism is more than a religion, it's an experience. And with that in mind, Hillel has commissioned a study of Jewish attitudes towards Judaism. Researchers will concentrate primarily on youngadults, and those with two Jewish parents, and those with just one, those who see themselves as Jewish and those who do not. Jay Rubin says Hillel will then use this study to formulate a strategy for making Judaism more relevant to the next generation of American Jews.51. The best title of this passage is__________.A. Jewish and Non-Jewish in AmericanB. Jewish Identity in AmericaC. Judaism-a Religion?D. College Jewish Students52. Among the freshmen at UCLA__________thought themselves as Jewish.A. mostB. 93% of those whose parents were both JewishC. 62% of those only whose father were JewishD. 15% of those only whose mother were Jewish53. The phrase “interfaith marriage” in the Paragraph 3 refers to the__________.A. marriage of people based on mutual beliefB. marriage of people for the common faithC. marriage of people of different religious faithsD. marriage of people who have faith in each other54. Which of the following statements is NOT true about professor Sax's research?A. The research indicates that most students with only one Jewish parent will not think themselves as Jewish.B. The survey was carried out among Jewish Freshmen.C. The research survey didn't find out what and how these Jewish students think about their religion.D. The research presents a new perspective for the future study.55. Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph?A. Mr. Rubin is the founder of Hillel.B. Mr. Rubin thinks that Judaism is not a religion and it's an experience.C. Hillel is an organization concerned with Jewish college students in the world.D. Hillel has asked certain people to carry out a study about Jewish attitudes towards Judaism.Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage: Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning world economy should guarantee two basic rights: the right to private property and the right to enforceable contracts, says Mancur Olson in his book Power and Prosperity. Olson was an economics professor at the University of Maryland until his death in 1998.Some have argued that such rights are merely luxuries that wealthy societies bestow, but Olson turns that argument around and asserts that such rights are essential to creating wealth. “In comes are low in most of the countries of the world, in short, because the people in those countries do not have secure in dividual rights,” he says.Certain simple economic activities, such as food gathering and making handicrafts, rely mostly on individual labor; property is not necessary. But more advanced activities, such as the mass production of goods, require machines and factories and offices. This production is often called capital-intensive, but it is really property-intensive, Olsonobserves.“No one would normally engage in capital-intensive production if he or she did not have rights that kept the valuable capital from being taken by bandits, whether roving or stationary,”he argues. “There is no private property without government―individuals may have possessions, the way a dog possesses a bone, but there is private property only if the society protects and defends a private right to that possession against other private parties and against the government as well.”Would-be entrepreneurs, no matter how small, also need a government and court system that will make sure people honor their contracts. In fact, the banking systems relied on by developed nations are based on just such an enforceable contract system. “We would not deposit our money in banks...if we could not rely on the bank having to honorits contract with us, and the bank would not be able to make the profits it needs to stay in business if it could not enforce its loan contracts with borrowers,” Olson writes.Other economists have argued that the poor economies of Third World and communist countries are the result of governments setting both prices and the quantities of goods produced rather than letting a free market determine them.Olson agrees there is some merit to this point of view, but he argues that government intervention is not enough to explain the poverty of these countries. Rather, the real problem is lack of individual rights that give people incentive to generate wealth. “If a society has clear and secure individual rights, there are strong incentives (刺激，动力）to produce, invest, and engage in mutually advantageous trade, and therefore at least some economic advance,” Olson concludes.56. Which of the following is true about Olson?A. He was a fiction writer.B. He edited the book Power and Prosperity.C. He taught economics at the University of Maryland.D. He was against the ownership of private property.57. Which of the following represents Olson's point or view?A. Protecting individual property rights encourages wealth building.B. Only in wealthy societies do people have secure individual rights.C. Secure individual rights are brought about by the wealth of the society.D. In some countries, people don't have secure individual rights because they're poor.58. What does Olson think about mass production?A. It's capital intensive.B. It's property intensive.C. It relies on individual labor.D. It relies onindividual skills.59. What is the basis for the banking system?A. Contract system that can be enforced.B. People's willingness to deposit money in banks.C. The possibility that the bank can make profits from its borrowers.D. The fact that some people have surplus money while some need loans.60. According to Olson, what is the reason for the poor economies of Third World countries?A. government interventionB. lack of secure individual rightsC. being short of capitalD. lack of a free marketPart Ⅳ Cloze (10%) Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.For the people who have never traveled across the Atlantic the voyage is a fantasy. But for the people who cross it frequently one crossing of the Atlantic is very much like another, and they do not make the voyage forthe__61__of its interest. Most of us are quite happy when we feel__62__to go to bed and pleased when thejourney__63__. On the first night this time I fel。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
21.Ploughs and other agricultural implements were on display at the recent exhibition.A.equationsB.playthingsC.toolsD.machinery22.My own inclination,if I were in your situation,would be to look for another position.A.symptomB.likenessC.habitD.tendency23.The combination of lenses in a compound microscope makes possible greater amplificationthan can be achieved with a single lens.A.managementB.magnificenceC.magnetismD.magnification24.The degree of downward slope of a beach depends on its composition of deposits as well as on the action of waves across its surface.A.sentimentB.sedimentC.semesterD.segment25.The rigor of the winter in Russia was often described by Mogol.A.harshnessB.perturbationC.dismayD.pessimism26.Nowadays,the prescribed roles of the man as"breadwinner"and the woman as housewife are changing.A.ascribedB.prevalentC.originalD.settled27.A divorcee,Tom is the sole provider in a typical"single parent"family.A.religiousB.spiritualC.exclusiveD.chief28.The old woman is chronically ill in bed and seldom goes out.A.seriouslyB.dangerouslyC.continuallyD.incurably29.The driver stopped his car so abruptly that he was hit by the cab right behind him.A.impolitelyB.violentlyC.suddenlyD.maladroitly30.Benin Mayer Alcott based the principal characters of her book Little Women on her sisters and herself.A.originalB.centralC.subjunctiveD.orientalrgely due to the university tradition and the current academic milieu,every college studenthere worksA.industriallyB.industriouslyC.consciouslyD.purposefully32.I don't think it's sensible of you to__your greater knowledge in front of the chairwomanfor it may well offend her.A.show upB.show offC.show outD.show away33.__,he did become annoyed with her at times.A.Much as he liked herB.As he liked her muchC.Although much he liked herD.Much although he liked her34.If we don't stop flirting with those deathly nuclear weapons,the Whole globe will be__A.empoweredB.punishedC.pollutedD.annihilated35.One of the important properties of a scientific theory is its ability to__further researchand further thinking about a particular topic.A.inventB.stimulateC.renovateD.advocate36.When in his rebellious years,that is when he was sixteen or eighteen,Frank Anderson__going around with a strange set of people and staying out very late.A.took toB.took upC.took onD.tookin37.In spite of the wide range of reading material specially designed or____for languagelearning purposes,there is yet no effective and systematic program for the reading skills.A.appointedB.assembledC.acknowledgedD.adapted38.In1816,an apparently insignificant event in a remote part of Northern Europe__Europeinto a bloody war.A.imposedB.plungedC.pitchedD.inserted39.The municipal planning commission said that their financial outlook for the next year wasoptimistic.They expect increased tax__.A.privilegesB.efficiencyC.revenuesD.validity40.The problem of pollution as well as several other issues is going to be discussed when theCongress is in again next spring.A.conventionB.conferenceC.sessionD.assemblyPart III Reading Comprehension(40%)Directions:There are4reading passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.You should decideon the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.Questions41to45are based on the following passage.On September7,2001,a68-year-old woman in Strasbourg,France,had her gall bladder(胆)removed by-surgeons operating,via computer form New York.It was the first completely surgeryprocedure performed by surgeons nearly4,000miles away from their patient.In New York,Marescaux teamed up with surgeon Michel Gagner to perform the historic long-distance operation.Ahigh-speed fiber-optic service provided by France Telecom made the connection between New York andStrasbourg.The two surgeons controlled the instruments using an advanced robotic surgical system,designed by Computer Motion Inc.that enabled the procedure to be minimally invasive.The patient wasreleased from the hospital after about48hours and regained normal activity the following week.The high-speed fiber-optic connection between New York and France made it possible toovercome a key obstacle to telesurgery time delay.It was crucial that a continuous time delay of less than200milliseconds be maintained throughout the operation,between the surgeon's movements in New Yorkand the return video(from Strasbourg)on his screen.The delay problemincludes video coding decoding and signal transmission time.France Telecom's engineers achieved an average time delay of150milliseconds."I felt ascomfortable operating on my patient as if I had been in the room,"says Marescaux.The successful collaboration(合作)among medicine,advanced technology,and telecommunications is likely to have enormous implications for patient care and doctor training.Highly skilledsurgeons may soon regularly perform especially difficult operations through long-distanceprocedures.The computer systems used to control surgical movement can also lead to a breakthrough inteaching surgical techniques to a new generation of physicians.More surgeons-in-training will have theopportunity to observe their teachers in action in telesurgeryoperating rooms around the world.Marescaux describes the success of the remotely performed surgical procedure as the beginning ofa"third revolution"in surgery within the last decade.The first was the arrival of minimally invasivesurgery,enabling procedures to be performed with guidance by a camera,meaning that the abdomen(腹部)and thorax(胸腔)do not have to be opened.The second was the introduction of computer-assistedsurgery,where complicated software algorithms(计算法)enhance the safety of the surgeon's movementsduring a procedure,making them more accurate,while introducing the concept of distance between thesurgeon and the patient.It was thus natural to imagine that this distance-currently several meters in theoperating room-could potentially be up to several thousand kilometers.41.The title that best expresses the main idea is IA.How The Second Revolution in Surgery Comes OutB.The Telesurgery RevolutionC.A Patient Was SavedD.Dream Comes True42.The italicized word"telesurgery"(Par.1,sentence2)can be best explained as__A.an operation done over a distanceB.an operation done on televisionC.an operation demanding special skillD.an operation demanding high technology43.How long did it take the patient to resume her normal activity after the operation?___A.24hoursB.48hoursC.About a weekD.Almost a month44.What is the major barrier to telesurgery?A.DistanceB.Advanced technologyC.DelayD.Medical facilities45.The writer implies that__A.difficult operation can be successfully performed all over the world nowpared to the"third revolution"in surgery,the first two are less importantC.all patients can be cured by a gall bladder-removal operationD.a new breakthrough has been made in surgeryQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.The multi-billion-dollar Western pop music industry is under fire.It is being blamed by the Unit Nations for the dramatic rise in drug abuse worldwide."The most worrisome development is a culture ofdrug-friendliness that seems to be gaining prominence(显著),"said the UN's13-member InternationalNarcotics Control Board in a report released in late February1998.The74-page study says thatpop music,as a global industry,is by far the most influential trend-setter for young people of mostcultures."Some lyrics advocate the smoking of marijuana(大麻)or taking other drugs,and certainpop stars make statements and set examples as if the use of drugs for non-medicinal purposes were anormal and acceptable part of a person's lifestyle,"the study says. Surprisingly,says the Board,the effect of drug-friendly pop music seems to survive despite the occasional shock of death by overdose(过量用药)."Such incidents tend to be seen as an occasion to mourn the loss of a role model,and not an opportunity to confront the deadly effect of'recreational'drug use,"it notes.Since the 1970s,several internationally famous singers and movie stars-including Eivis Presley,Janice Joplin,John Belushi,Jimi Hendrix,Jonathan Melvin and Andy Gibbs-have died of either drug abuse or drug related illnesses.With the globalization of popular music,messages tolerating or promoting drug abuse are now reaching beyond their countries of origin."In most countries,the names of certain pop stars have become familiar to the members of every household,"the study says.The UN study also blames the media for its description of certain drug issues-especially the use of marijuana and issues of liberalization and legalization-which encourages,rather than prevents,drug abuse."Over the last years,we have seen how drug abuse is increasingly regarded as being acceptable or even attractive,"says Hamid Ghodse,president of the Board."Powerfulpressure groups run political campaigns aimed at legalizing controlled drugs,"he says.Ghodse also points out that all these developments have created an environment which is tolerant of or even favorable to drug abuse and spoils international drug prevention efforts currently underway.The present study,he says,focuses on the issue of demand reduction and prevention within an environment that has become tolerant of drug abuse.The Board calls on governments to do their legal and moral duties,and to act against the pro-drug messages of the youth culture to which young people increasingly are being exposed.Which of the following statements does the author tend to agree with?A.The use of drugs for non-medicinal purposes is an acceptable part of a person's lifestyle.B.The spreading of pop music may cause the drug abuse to go beyond the boundaries of thecountry.C.No efforts have been made to prevent the spreading of drug abuse.D.The governments have no ability to act against the pro-drug messages of the youth culture.47.The italicized phrase"under fire"(Par.1,sentence1)means__A.in an urgent situationB.facing some problemsC.being criticizedD.quite popular48.Under the influence of drug-friendly pop music,what might the youth think of the death ofsome pop stars caused by overdose?A.They tend to mourn the pop stars as role models.B.They are shocked to know even pop stars may abuse drugs.C.They try to confront the deadly effect of"recreational"drug use.D.They may stop abusing the drugs.49.Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage as a factor that has contributed tocreating an environment tolerant of or even favorable to drug abuse?A.The spreading of pop music.B.The media.C.Political campaigns run by powerful pressure groups.D.The low price of some drugs.50.The pop music__A.has a great influence on young people of most culturesB.only appeals to a small number of young peopleC.is not a profitable industryD.is the only culprit responsible for drug abuseQuestions51to55are based on the following passage.The Alaska pipeline starts at the frozen edge of the Arctic Ocean.It stretches southward across the largest and northern most state in the United States,ending at a remote ice-free seaport village nearly800miles from where it begins.It is massive in size and extremely operates.The steel pipe cresses windswept plains and endless miles of delicate tundra that tops the frozen ground.It weaves through crooked canyons,climbs sheer mountains,plunges over rocky crags,makes its way through thick forests,and passes over or under hundreds of rivers and streams.The pipe is4feet in diameter,and up to 2million barrels of crude oil can be pumped through it daily.Resting on H-shaped steel racks called"bents,"long sections of the pipeline follow a zigzag course high above the frozen earth.Other long sections drop out of sight beneath spongy or rocky ground and return to the surface later on.The pattern of the pipeline's up-and-down route is determined by the often harsh demands of the arctic and sub arctic climate,the tortuous lay of the land,and the varied compositions of soil,rock,or permanently frozen ground.A little more than half of the pipeline iselevated above the ground.The remainder is buried anywhere form3to12feet,depending largely upon the type of terrain and the properties of the soil.One of the largest in the world,the pipeline cost approximately$8billion and is by far the biggest and most expensive construction project ever undertaken by private industry.In fact,no single business could raise that much money,so8major oil companies formed a’consortium in order to share the costs.Each company controlled oil rights to particular shares of land in the oil fields and paid into the pipeline-construction fund according to the size of its holdings.Today,despite enormous problems of climate,supply shortages,equipment breakdowns,labor disagreements,treacherous terrain,a certain amount of mismanagements and even theft the Alaska pipeline has been completed and is operating.51.The passage primarily discusses the pipeline'sA.operating costsB.employeesC.consumersD.construction52.The word"it"(Par.1,sentence3)refers to__A.pipelineB.oceanC.stateD.village53.The author mentions all of the following as important in determining the pipeline’s routeEXCEPT theA.climatey of the land itselfC.local vegetationD.kind of soil and rock54.How many companies shared the costs of constructing the pipeline?A.3B.4C.8D.1255.Which of the following determined what percentage of the construction costs each member of the consortium would pay?A.How much oil field land each company owned?B.How long each company had owned land in the oil fields?C.How many people worked for each company?D.How many oil wells were located on the company's land?Questions56to60are based on the following passage.Margherita is a London girl and arriving at Capital was like coming home."I grew uplistening to Capital Radio,"she says."People say,'Wasn't it frightening,joining such well-known presenters?'But everyone here is so down to earth.It would be off-putting if the others had people doing their make-up,or star signs on their office doors.But there's none of that---Mick Brown,for instance,finishes his show and wanders off to get the bus home with everyone else."Margherita says that her own musical tastes varied.But she doesn't pick her own music for her shows.The Capital computer selects the records in advance from a list approved by the station managers"The station has a certain sound,and if we all picked our own music,it wouldn't sound like Capital,"she says."But for someone who likes music,this is a dream job.I get to go to concerts and meet the bands you can hear on my show.It's great to hear the'behind the scenes'gossip."Most people would expect that a presenter's most important qualities are a nice voice and huge amounts of confidence,but Marghertita say that basic maths is handy as well."You have to make sure that you've got an eye on everything that's going on in the studio,but you've got to be able to add and subtract and think in minutes and seconds,"she says."You're dealing with timed records,and with announcements and commercials that are also timed precisely,and you have to be readyto switch to the news at exactly the right second.If you're going over to a live event,you need to be ready,for that on time,not a second earlier or later."This isn't the sort of gift to let the rock'n'roll lifestyle go to her head.Even if she did her family would bring her down to earth."When I started at Capital the only thing my brothers asked was whether they'd get free records,"she remembers."And my mum couldn't even find the station on her radio."Margherita Taylor is very nice and very easy-going,but very much in control.She is so much a"Capital Radio girl"that you might think she is just doing a good job for the station's publicity,department,although you know what she's saying really comes from the heart.She smiles a lot,laughs a lot and is generally a great advert for Capital.56.What does"that"(Par.1,sentence6)refer to?A.The fame of the other presenters.B.Margherita's fear of the other staff.C.Self-important behaviour by the other presenters.D.Bad treatment of Margherita by the other staff.57.One point Margherita makes about her job is that__A.she has changed her attitude to musicB.she is unhappy that records she plays are chosen for herC.she likes most of the music that she plays on her showD.she enjoys talking to the people whose records she plays58.What does Margherita say about presenting a show?A.It is essential to keep in mind what is going to happen next.B.It is more complicated than she had previously thought.C.The ability to add and subtract is the most important requirement.D.The contend of a show is sometimes changed suddenly.59.How have Margherita's family reacted to her success?A.With caution.B.Without interest.C.With surprise.D.Without excitement.60.In the final paragraph,what does the author say about Margherita?A.She was different from what she had expected.B.She genuinely believes that Capital is a good radio station.C.She feels it necessary to talk about Capital Radio all the time.D.She has already changed her job at Capital radio.Part IV Cloze(10%)Directions:There are20blanks in tile following passage.For each blank there are foul'choices marked A,B,C and D.You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.The most exciting kind of education is also the most.Nothing can61the joy of discovering for yourself something that is important to you.It may be an idea or a bit of information you62across accidentally--or a sudden63,fitting together pieces of information or working through a problem.Such personal64are the"pay off"in education.A teacher may65you to learning and even encourage you in it--but no teacher can make the excitement or the joy happen.That's66to you.A research paper,67in a course and perhaps checked at various stages by an instructor,68you beyond classrooms,beyond the texts for classes and into a69where the joy of discover and learning can come to you many times.70the research paper is an active and individual process,and ideal learning process.It provides a structure71which you can make exciting discoveries,of knowledge and of self,that are basic to education.But the research paper also gives you a chance to individualize a school assignment,to72a piece of work to your own interests and abilities,to show others73you can do.Waiting a research paper is more than just a classroom exercise.It is an experience in74out,understanding and synthesizing,which forms the basis of many skills75to both academic and nonacademic tasks.It is,in the fullest sense;a discovering education.So,to produce a good research paper is both a useful and a thoroughly76experience!To some,the thought of having to write an assigned number of pages often more that ever produced77,is disconcerting.To others,the very idea of having to work78is threatening.But there is no need to approach the research paper assignment with anxiety,and nobody should view the research paper as an obstacle to 79.Instead,consider it a goal to80,a goal within reach if you use the help this book can give you.61.A.exterminate B.impulse C.intervene D.exceed62.A.conform B.confront e D.console63.A.insight B.relaxation C.relay D.ingredient64.A.serials B.separations C.encounters D.segregations65.A.help B.salute C.scrub D.direct66.A.here B.off C.up D.with67.A.assigning.B.assigned C.lounged D.lounging68.A.litters B.intervenes C.jots D.leads69.A.process B.interface C.interpretation D.prosecution70.A.Designing B.Designed C.Preparing D.Prepared71.A.outside B.within C.without D.upon72.A.grease B.glare C.suffix D.suit73.A.which B.what C.how D.because74.A.searching B.supplementing C.popularizing D.polarizing75.A.arrogant B.concise C.chronic D.applicable76.A.segmenting B.satisfying C.characterizing D.charteringter B.beforehand C.afterwards D.before78.A.accordingly B.acceptably C.independently D.infinitely79.A.overwork B.overcome C.lumber D.lull80.A.accelerate B.caution C.accomplish D.boycottPart V Writing(20%)Directions:In this part,you are asked to write a composition on the title of"My Aim for Doctoral Study y"with no less than200English words.Your composition shou M be based on the following outline Studgiven in Chinese.Put your composition on the ANSWER SHEET.1.你攻读博士学位的目标是2.你确定这一目标的原因是3.你将如何努力实现【参考范文】My Aim for Doctoral StudyNow people ill growing numbers are beginning to realize the importance of doctoral degree.Asfor me,since I acquired my master's degree,I have been working for a large-sized state-owned enterprise. During that period,I have been doing well.But as time passed by,my knowledge and skills areincreasingly becoming inadequate for the development in my domain.In order to better my performance in the domain I am exploring,I choose to pursue my doctoral degree.If I gain the enrollment luckily,I would try my best to make full use of those precious resources.Apart t~om accomplishing the assigmnents,I would seek for any chance to promote my capacity.Besides,the experts'invaluable experiences and profound knowledge could enlarge my horizon and sparkle my inspiration.Aided with my efforts,I have confidence to achieve my goal as a qualified doctoral researcher and my later job would be done better.A Chinese saying I remember forever is that one is never too old to learn.。