耶鲁和北大宣传片观后感(中英文)
简论中美文化差异
——以耶鲁大学和北京大学的形象宣传片为例
A Brief Discussion on Sino - American Cultural Differences
——A case study of Yale University and Peking University’s image videos
专业：学号：姓名：
Major:XXX Student ID:123456789 Name:XXX
摘要：全球化背景下，文化交流日趋频繁，向世界有效地传播积极的形象成为各著名高校的重要任务。宣传片是传播学校形象最直观的方式，在文化传播与交流的过程，各国大学的宣传片都会受到文化及心理因素等方面的影响。本文希望通过对北京大学和耶鲁大学的宣传片的比对，来更好地理解两国文化的差异。
Abstract:Under the background of globalization, cultural exchanges become more frequent, effective dissemination of a positive image as an important mandate of the famous universities of the world.Promo is spread most intuitive way to university image, in the process of cultural transmission and exchange, national universities will be affected promo cultural and psychological aspects.In this paper, I hope to better understand the cultural differences between Peking University and Yale University by comparing the films.
关键词：形象宣传片文化差异文化交流
Key words:Image videos Cultural difference Cultural exchange
学校形象是反映在媒介和人们心理中的对于一所高校的历史、现实、文化、生活方式以及价值观的综合印象，对于展现本校特色，传播特有文化，树立学校形象的作用越来越重要。北京大学（简称“北大”）推出形象宣传片以积极的姿态向世界展示自我；美国耶鲁大学（简称“耶鲁”）在世界各地的宣传更是遍布各地。本文通过对这两所著名大学宣传片的分析与比较，来发掘中美两国人民在审美情趣、语言习惯、思维方式、肢体语言等诸多方面存在着的不同。这些不同将促使我们更客观地看待中美文化差异，从而更加努力地推动不同文化间的交流。
The school image is a comprehensive reflection of the history, reality, culture, lifestyle and values of a university reflected in the media and people's minds.It is increasingly important for the university to show the characteristics of the spread of the unique culture, establish the image of the role of the university.Peking University（abbreviation:PKU）launched image video with a positive attitude to the world to show themselves,and Yale University（abbreviation:Yale）propaganda around the world is everywhere.Through the analysis and comparisons of these two famous university videos, I will explore the difference of aesthetic taste, language habit, mode of thinking, body language and other aspects of the Chinese and American people.These differences will make us a more objective view of Sino-US cultural differences, so as to make more efforts to promote exchanges between different cultures.
1.文化差异的表现
The performance of cultural differences
1.1审美情趣：神似——形似
The differences of aesthetic taste: spiritual similarity-appearance similarity
中国人的审美注重神似多于形似，意境在中国人的观念中占有很大比重，如中国国画的主题需要揣测；美国人重视形似多于神似，追求实在的表达与美，如西方油画非常要求逼真。北大形象宣传片试图用简洁的画面概括中国文化的博大精深，既古典又现代，既传统又开放，
出场人物都含蓄而低调，背景深沉且安静，隐藏含义需要观者自己挖掘、体会，其背景音乐选择的是悠远而深长的古筝等传统乐器。耶鲁是直接把学生的笑脸通过打招呼的方式堆叠在观者面前，逼真地展示每个人的表情，背景欢快且明亮，告诉世界我们欢迎你，追求实在的表达。
Chinese people's aesthetic focus than the appearance quite similar, the mood in China account for a large proportion of people's minds, such as Chinese painting subject matter requires speculation.Americans pay attention to the appearance of more than likeness, the pursuit of truth and beauty of expression, such as the requirements of Western painting is very realistic.The image of PkU, with a simple TV screen summarizes the broad and profound Chinese culture, both classical and modern, both traditional and open, played characters are subtle and low-key, deep and quiet background, hidden meaning requires the viewer to tap their own experience, the background music Is the long and deep Gu Zheng and other traditional instruments.Yale is directly to the smiling faces of students by way of song and dance in front of the audience stack.It vividly shows each person's face, bright and cheerful, telling the world that we welcome you and pursue the expression of reality.
1.2语言风格：含蓄——直白
The differences of language styles：veiled-straightforward
中国人比较内敛，在表达方面仍含蓄委婉，通常不会直接表达自己的意图，而是借助当时所处的特定情境表达含义；美国人的表达方式直来直去，语言直白。因此，北大的形象宣传片中过多需意会的内容，其实并不适合在欧美这些低语境文化的国家进行传播。对于美国学生而言，耶鲁大学这种写实派的宣传或许比写意派更有效，也更能传达思想道德和追求自由、公平、正义的价值理念。
Chinese people are more introverted, very veiled expression.They usually do not directly express their intentions, but with the specific situation prevailing expression meaning.Americans often express more direct and more straightforward language.Therefore,PKU’s video has too much content to be understood, in fact, it’s not suitable for these low-context culture in Europe and the United States to spread.For American students, Yale's realist propaganda may be more effective than freehand and more able to convey ideas of ethics and the values of freedom, fairness and justice.
1.3思维方式：形象——逻辑、综合——分析
The differences of ways of thinking：image-logic,integrate-analysis
中国人喜欢用形象思维，通常用对比和比喻表达情感。所以北大宣传片更多的是将中国人对美的含义蕴含在出现的代表人物身上。而美国人更擅长逻辑思维，善于运用概念进行推理、分析。耶鲁的宣传片中体现的就是推理思维，即欢迎大家就要用饱满的热情与真诚的笑容。此外，中国人擅长综合性思维，习惯于将事物的各个部分联合起来考虑。北大的宣传片中分别按照美丽、勤奋、创意等归纳分组，将符合这些标签的人放在一起共同展示。而美国人更习惯分析性思维，喜欢将一个完整的整体分为各个部分，对每一个部分进行分析。耶鲁的宣传片中将学生的幸福分成不同肤色、不同年龄的学生等多个部分进行独自展示。
Chinese people like to use the image thinking to think, and is usually expressed emotion with contrast and metaphor.Therefore, the PKU’s video will be more understanding of beauty inherent in the specific figure.Americans are better at logical thinking, good at using the concept to reasoning and analysis.Yale's propaganda is reflected in the reasoning thinking, that is, new students will be welcomed with the full enthusiasm and sincere smile.In addition, the Chinese people are good synthetic thinking, accustomed to unite the various parts of things to
consider.The role of the PKU’s video were in accordance with the beautiful, hard work, creativity and other characteristics of induction grouping,and then students who meet these labels are then shown together.Americans are more accustomed to analytical thinking, they would like to complete a whole is divided into various parts and then analyzed for each section.Yale's video divides the students into sections according to their color and age, and then presents them individually.
1.4肢体语言：拘谨——自然
The differences of body language:prudish-relaxed
中美两国在肢体语言上也有很大差别。中国人的肢体语言比较少，动作拘谨，表情内敛。北大的形象宣传片中，众位学生的动作多为直立或者端坐，面部表情为不露齿的微笑。这也是中国多数民众的性格特征：内敛、深沉，不擅长用肢体语言表达情绪。美国人的肢体语言丰富，动作自然，表情活泼张扬。耶鲁宣传片中的学生多作出拥抱、张开双臂欢迎的姿势，每个人的身体语言都独具特色，露八颗牙齿的国际型微笑，这是美国人的性格特征：开放、热情、擅长表达感情。
Chinese and American peoples are also very different in the body language.Chinese people's body language is relatively small, stiff movements, facial expressions restrained.In the PKU’s video, the action of many students for upright or sit, facial expression is not grinning smile.This is also the character of the majority of Chinese people: restrained, deep, not good at expressing emotions with body language.Americans are rich in body language, their movements more easily, more lively expression.Many of the students in the Yale's video are open arms to embrace the gesture of welcome.Each person's body language are unique, exposed eight teeth smile with international type, which is the American character: open, enthusiastic, good at expressing feelings.
2.文化差异的原因
The main reasons for cultural differences
2.1历史和地理条件的影响
The impact of historical and geographical conditions
数千年来，自给自足的生活方式形成了中国人“和谐”的哲学思想。美国人的祖先源自欧洲沿海国家和地区，航海业的发展使他们相信人的力量，崇尚发挥个性，勇于探险，富于挑战。中国文化基于农业社会，强调等级与和谐；而美国文化更加依赖于工商业，所以美国人的思维取向是个人式的，这点与中国人有很大不同。
For thousands of years, self-sufficient lifestyle of the Chinese people formed a "harmony" philosophy.American ancestors from the European coastal areas, the development of the maritime industry so that they believe that human power, advocating the play of individuality and the courage to challenge.Chinese culture is based on agricultural society, emphasizing hierarchy and harmony.American culture is more dependent on industry and commerce, so the thinking of Americans is a personal style, and this is very different from the Chinese people.
2.2传统思想的影响
The impact of traditional thinking
中国文化是建立在儒家思想之上，主张简约、和谐、中庸、对称与平衡。中国人的中庸之道强调人际关系要适当地调节与折衷，竭力避免造成群体内部的激烈对抗以致破裂。但是，这种思想又在一定程度养成了一种惰性，缺乏创新意识与进取精神。美国文化是建立在古希腊传统之上的海洋文化，逐渐形成了逻辑思维和分析思维等特点，强调个人特性和自由。美国传统中则贯穿了在竞争中求生存求发展的信念，愿意进行创新和冒险，渴望寻求解决老问
题的新办法，而这也正是很多中国人所缺乏的。
Chinese culture is based on Confucianism, advocates simplicity, harmony, moderation, symmetry and balance.The Chinese doctrine of the mean emphasizes interpersonal relationships should be properly adjusted and compromised, trying to avoid the intense confrontation within the group that rupture.However,this kind of thought has developed a kind of inertia in a certain degree and Lack of innovation and entrepreneurial spirit.American culture is based on the ancient Greek tradition of marine culture, and gradually formed a logical thinking and analytical thinking and other characteristics, emphasizing personal characteristics and freedom.American tradition is to survive through the belief in competition, are willing to innovate and take risks, eager to find new solutions to old problems, and this is what many Chinese people lack.
2.3文字的影响
The impact of writing system
汉字适合形象思维，英语字母文字适合逻辑思维。汉字起源于象形文字，在造字之初与它们所描写的物体在形状是一致的；而英文字母在创造时保持了与语音的统一。汉字很直观，通常通过字形就能猜出它的含义；英语字母文字的字形与字的读音具有一致性。但与它们所指的事物之间没有形似的关系。因此，与汉字相比，字母文字具有很大的抽象性。
Chinese characters are suitable for thinking in images, and English letters are suitable for logical thinking.Chinese characters originated in hieroglyphics, in the beginning of the word and they describe the shape of the object is the same.English alphabet in the creation to maintain unity with the voice.Chinese characters are very intuitive, you can usually guess its meaning by shape.English alphabet shape often determines its pronunciation,but there is no relationship between the shape of words and they refer to.Therefore, compared with Chinese characters, English letters have largely abstract.
3.结论
The conclusion
综上所述，通过两所大学的宣传片作对比，我们可以总结出中美两国在文化上的诸多差异。而这种差异的根源，则在于中美两国历史、地理、传统思想以及文字的不同。但同时，正是因为有这样的不同，才需要我们在对待文化交流的态度上，由转被动为主动，由低调变高调，从不善沟通到主动展示自我，从而以更加积极的姿态面向世界，向年轻的学生提供能够说服并影响一生的生活模式和发展理念。
In summary，by comparing the videos of the two universities, we can conclude that there are many cultural differences between China and the United States.The root causes of this difference lies in the different countries of history, geography, customs, cognitive systems and text.However, it is precisely because of this difference, we need to treat the attitude of cultural exchange from passive to active and low-key change from high-profile and from poor communication to take the initiative to show ourselves.And thus to a more positive attitude to the world, to provide young students to persuade and affect the life style of life and development philosophy.
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Dead Poets Society Dead Poets Society Background: Dead Poets Society," the story takes place in 1959 in the United States, in a Originally calm school.English teacher named John Keating with his unique life Philosophy and anti-traditional teaching methods on the students so that a number of Born rich, clear future students learn to think independently and pursue self ideal own life. He skillfully teach students to experience a way of life. He inspired some brave students did not hesitate to rebuild secret society "of Death Poets Society. "Their main activities are gathered at night in a cave for histological comedy tone continued until Neil commit suicide under the pressure of his imperious father . This provoked a blind repression school, not only the film's most expelled, but the idea of freedom has taken root in mind the students, but also laid the film history of Education chapter status. Themes: This movie is about what happens when these students decide to pursue their own desires, and to live life with the passion that Mr. Keating encouraged. U ltimately, it is about what happens when a few idealistic students find themselves confronted against conservative forces that resist all change, including the drive for personal self-determination.
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18.《教育漫话》, （英）约翰·洛克著，徐诚、杨汉麟译, 河北人民出版社1998 年版 19.《民主主义与教学》, （美）杜威著，王承绪译, 人民教育出版社2001年版 20.《给教师的建议》, （苏）瓦阿苏霍姆林斯基著，杜殿坤译, 教育科学出版社1999年版 21.《和教师的谈话》, （苏）B.赞科夫著，杜殿坤译, 教育科学出版社1999年版 22. 《课程：基础、原理和问题》, （美）艾伦·C·奥恩斯坦、费朗西斯·P·汉金斯著柯森主译，钟启泉审校, 江苏教育出版社2003年版 23. 《儿童发展》, （美）劳拉·E·贝克著，吴颖等译, 江苏教育出版社2002年版 24.《有效教学方法》, (美D鲍里奇著，易东平译, 江苏教育出版社2002年版 25.《教育研究方法导论》, （美）杨雷迪斯·D·高尔著，许庆豫译, 江苏教育出版社2002年版 26.《多元智能教与学的策略》, 坎贝尔等著,王成全译, 中国轻工业出版社,2001年版 27.《终身教育引论》, （法）保尔·朗格朗著，周南照、陈树清译, 中国对外翻译出版社1985年版 28.《教育——财富蕴藏其中》, 联合国教科文组织国际21世纪教育委员会, 教育科学出版社1996年版 29.《学会生存——世界教育的今天和明天》, 联合国教科文组织国际教育发展委员会，华师大比较教育研究所译, 教育科学出版社1996年版 30.《学会关心——教育的另一种模式》, （美）内尔·诺丁斯著，于天龙译, 教育科学出版社2003年版 拓展篇（50部）
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Be a real man Dead Poets Society There are certain films that can heavily shock your soul, then elicit your thinking, and finally change your attitude of life. No doubt Dead Poets Society is one of these infrequent films. It is a film about a teacher and his students. It is a film about perseverance and change. It is a film about love and cruelty. The film is set in the United States in 1959. It shows us a series of things which happened to Mr. Keating and the young boys in Wilton Preparatory School. Mr. John Keating is certainly the main character of this film. He is a respectable teacher with a high self-cultivation. He has an advanced conception which is different from traditional education. The other two main characters are Neil, a boy who is keen on performing, and Todd, a boy with a little shyness. From Todd, I see how a boy grows into a man. The film starts with the opening ceremony of Wilton Preparatory School. Todd, a shy boy, starts his school life with his roommate, Neil. On the first lesson, their teacher, Mr. Keating, just told them ‘Seize the day, make your life extraordinary’.He reads Whitman’s poet Oh Captain! My Captain. He taught the students to swim against the steam and to be themselves but not to perform. Students regard Mr. Keating as a different
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早期教育与天才
早期教育与天才 《早期教育和天才》读后感 这本书是日本木村久一先生的著作，于上世纪90年代被译成中文。据说一些名家都看过这本书。本书分为七章，第一章算做一个引言，讲述了早期教育的重要性，其他六章每章讲述一位天才的早期教育，重点谈及父母早期教育的方法。其中第二章是《威特的教育》，是作者对《卡尔?威特的教育》一书的一个简介。本文就由此展开。《卡尔?威特的教育》是威特的父亲写的关于威特14岁以前的教育。虽然此书年代久远,却愈来愈显示出勃勃生机。其中许多教学经验值得我们今天借鉴和推广。 首先我们需要对本书的主要人物作一下简单介绍。威特的父亲是德国一个乡村牧师，一个了不起的学者，一个非常富于创见的人，也是一个意志坚强的人，为了教育自己的孩子克服了种种障碍，最终培养出威特这个“天才”。威特生于1800年，是19世纪德国一个著名的天才。他八九岁时就能自由运用六国语言;通晓动物学、植物学、物理学、化学，尤其擅长数学;9岁时进入了哥廷根大学;年仅14岁就被授予哲学博士学位;16岁获得法学学位，并被任命为柏林大学的法学教授;23岁时发表了《但丁的误解》一书，成为研究但丁的权威。与那些过早失去后劲的神童们不同，威特一生都在德国著名的大学里授学，在有口皆碑的赞许声中，一直讲到1883年逝世为止。 然而威特并没有高超的天资，恰恰在出生时被认为是一个痴呆的婴儿。那么卡尔?威特是如何成为一个驰名中外、学识渊博的天才而且在早年就表现出超人的素质的呢,这完全归功于威特父亲高水平的早期教育。威特父亲的早期教育取得了十足的成功，取得成功的条件有以下几点:
第一、先进的教育思想。威特父亲始终强调，“对儿童的教育必须与儿童的智力曙光同时开始”，因此威特父亲从威特出生那天就开始教育，从孩子15天大就开始向他灌输词汇。他认为，在五岁之前，孩子能够掌握一生所掌握知识的80%，五岁之前是孩子形成知识的关键期，错过这一时期，许多知识就难以形成。另外，在一次关于教育问题的学会上，他坚信:对于孩子来说最重要的是教育而不是天赋。孩子天赋再好，后天不开发，也会成为平凡的人，天赋不好，后天教育得法，也会成为不平凡的人。 第二、丰富的知识。威特的父亲作为一名牧师，具有丰富的阅历和知识，因此才能在教育孩子时得心应手。威特懂得六国语言,对许多学科都有造诣，因此可以肯定，威特父亲也懂得多国语言，对许多学科也都有研究。因为自己不会而去教育孩子，是不现实的。 第三、正确、合理的教学方法。威特父亲十分欣赏爱尔维修的论断:“即使是普通的孩子，只要教育得法，也会成为不平凡的人。”因此，威特父亲特别注意教育方法的应用，通过各种手段，利用各种情境使孩子受到最好的早期教育。 第四、全面的教育。威特之所以会多国语言，多门学科，并且长大后依然才学横溢，而且很长寿，在很大程度上取决于威特父亲全面的教育。 第五、坚强的毅力。要想培养出一个“天才”，不经过艰辛的努力是办不到的。威特父亲在教育小威特时踏踏实实、严肃认真、一如既往、二十年如一日，为了教育好威特，把自己的所有才能都施展出来。威特能有一个伟大的父亲是他一生最大的幸福。由此我们可以看出，威特取得如此辉煌的成就具有得天独厚的条件。另外，《威特的教育》一章也给我们留下了许多宝贵的早期教育经验。 第一、尽早发挥孩子的能力。按照能力递减法则，生下来具有100度能力的儿童，如果放弃教育，5岁时还有80度的能力，10岁时减少到60度，到15岁时就只investigations by person/in accordance with credit rules, personnel
阿甘正传观后感 中英文对照
Life is like a box of chocolates, results are often surprising If you do not insist on the struggle of life do not never know what will happen next, which were last seen Lieutenant Dan felt vicissitudes of life. Finally with the help of his Forrest Gump and his shrimp together. Gradually found their confidence and enjoyment of life. Calm when sitting in the ship's side with two hands on the Agam said, "had never told you thank you, you saved my life." Then jump into the water to swim with the two arms heartily. Y ou can feel his pleasure. Finally, he and Forrest Gump's shrimp big success, became a rich man on the magazine cover. In the film's end, Agam, and beloved Janet got married, filled with metal made of two legs Lieutenant Dan, carrying his fiancee, or an Oriental. (Will not be a Chinese person) to attend their wedding. Dan looked very spirit, and said his leg is a "rigged spacecraft materials used." He seems to have found the courage to live by. This is Forrest Gump gave him the courage and conditions. Life or a short is also a short, saying that a long and long. Boundless, the Dow could not finish. Forrest Gump's experience, but also like a legend. He looks silly, there is a strong running legs, has been kept running, do not know why. Like his mother say, "Life
死亡诗社影评
死亡诗社 在它之前我从来没有想过,会有这么一部影片,影响我的一生。 青春，激情，理想，现实，光影交错中散射的气息竟然与我而今的心情如此的契合。那种迷惘，那种追寻，那种急切的想掘出活着的意义却无毫无头绪的焦躁。王朔在他的小说中形容这种心情为《动物凶猛》。也有哲人说：这就是成长。如果说这是每个人必经的过程的话，那么在四处碰壁撞的头破血流后突然发现自己一直在追求的理想世界不过是自己的臆想，在现实的面前一切梦想都可以渺小的无关紧要的时候，我们该怎么面对呢？ 有人选择沉默，在现实面前沉默，在梦想面前沉默。但沉默的代价可能是，至死之时你仍在心底里寻找：我活着到底为了什么？就像一句话中形容的一样：真正突围而出的只是极少数，更多的人在经历青春的悲愤和不安后酣然迟钝。 有人学着解脱，在他们满腹的激情遭遇到现实一次次无情的摧残之后，他们选择了一种极端的方式来祭奠自己梦想中的青春――死亡。 我没有权利去指责前一种人生是怯懦，因为我很难分清是否自己也是其中的一个。我更不能虚妄的批评后一种人生的鲁莽，他们可能比我们之中的任何一个人都热爱生命，比我们任何一个人更接近生命的真谛，只是他们选择用自己认为唯一完美的方式去接近完美，如果这种坚定可以称作勇气的话，我承认，他们的坚定让我汗颜。 也许我和大多数人一样，在这两种人生之间徘徊着，试图逃离平庸，也避免堕入极端，总想选择一个平衡的支点，在那个支点上，悬立的便是人生的真正的意义。但是，这个平衡点隐立在何处呢？ 幸好，在我仍是饱含激情的年纪，《死亡诗社》给了我一个让我醍醐灌顶的答复，让我在往后的人生里，能够清醒的活着。 “我步入丛林，因为我希望生活的有意义，我希望活的深刻。汲取生命中所有的精华，把非生命的一切都击溃，以免让我在生命终结时，发现自己从来没有活过！”