专四练习(独立主格结构)
独立主格练习题及答案
独立主格练习题及答案1. I have a lot of books, half of ________ novels.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. them2. ________ more and more forests destroyed, many animals are facing the danger of dying out.A. becauseB. asC. WithD. Since3. The bus was crowded with passengers going home from market, most of ________ carrying heavy bags and baskets full of fruit and vegetables they had bought there.A. themB. whoC. whomD. which4. The largest collection ever found in England was one of about00,000 silver pennies, all of ________ over00 years old.A. whichB. thatC. themD. it5. The cave ________ very dark, he lit some candles ________ light.A. was; givenB. was; to giveC. being; givenD. being; to give6. The soldier rushed into the cave, his right hand ________ a gun and his face ________ with sweat.A held; covered B. holding; covering C. holding;covered D. held; covering7. The girl in the snapshot was smiling sweetly, her long hair _________.A. flowed in the breezeB. was flowing in the breezeC. were flowing in the breezeD. flowing in the breeze8. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _________ for the day.A. finishingB. finishedC. had finishedD. were finished9. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents seated together joking.A. theirB. whoseC. whichD. that10. The Smiths are rich and they have three cars, one a Toyota, ________ Land Rover of the latest.A. anotherB. otherC. the otherD. the others1. D。
专四练习(独立主格结构)
例题整理1. 历年真题1) The country’s chief exports are coal, cars and cotton goods, cars______ the most important of these. （1994年第57题）A. have beenB. areC. beingD. are being【译文】这个国家的主要出口物有煤、汽车和棉制品, 其中汽车是最重要的一种。
【答案】C【解析】前半句为主句，且句子已经完整，故先排除选项A、选项B与选项D。
再根据句子分析，独立主格结构相当于条件状语从句，故选C。
2) _____no cause for alarm, the old man went back to his bedroom. (1996年第51题)A. there wasB. sinceC. beingD. there being【译文】因为没有事情需要警惕，老人回到他的卧室里。
【答案】D【解析】后半句为主句，且句子已经完整，故先排除选项A。
选项B不合语法规则，故排除。
独立主格结构相当于条件状语从句，表原因。
故选D。
3) There___ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier. （2000年第45题）A. to beB. to have beenC. BeingD. be【译文】由于没有什么可讨论的，会议提早半个小时就结束了。
【答案】C【解析】后半句为主句，且句子已经完整，故排除选项D；第一部分的意思应该是There being nothing more for discussion= Because there was nothingmore for discussion,独立主格结构相当于原因状语从句。
故选择C。
4) Agriculture is the country’s chief source of wealth, wheat ______ by far the biggest cereal crop. （2003年第51题）A. isB. beenC. beD. being【译文】农业是这个国家主要的经济来源，到目前为止小麦是最重要的谷类作物。
(完整版)专四练习(独立主格结构)
例题整理1. 历年真题1) The country’s chief exports are coal, cars and cotton goods, cars______ the most important of these. （1994年第57题）A. have beenB. areC. beingD. are being【译文】这个国家的主要出口物有煤、汽车和棉制品, 其中汽车是最重要的一种。
【答案】C【解析】前半句为主句，且句子已经完整，故先排除选项A、选项B与选项D。
再根据句子分析，独立主格结构相当于条件状语从句，故选C。
2) _____no cause for alarm, the old man went back to his bedroom. (1996年第51题)A. there wasB. sinceC. beingD. there being【译文】因为没有事情需要警惕，老人回到他的卧室里。
【答案】D【解析】后半句为主句，且句子已经完整，故先排除选项A。
选项B不合语法规则，故排除。
独立主格结构相当于条件状语从句，表原因。
故选D。
3) There___ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier. （2000年第45题）A. to beB. to have beenC. BeingD. be【译文】由于没有什么可讨论的，会议提早半个小时就结束了。
【答案】C【解析】后半句为主句，且句子已经完整，故排除选项D；第一部分的意思应该是There being nothing more for discussion= Because there was nothingmore for discussion,独立主格结构相当于原因状语从句。
故选择C。
4) Agriculture is the country’s chief source of wealth, wheat ______ by far the biggest cereal crop. （2003年第51题）A. isB. beenC. beD. being【译文】农业是这个国家主要的经济来源，到目前为止小麦是最重要的谷类作物。
英语专业四级独立主格(打印)
专四语法（独立主格）概念：独立主格是由名词和代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。
独立结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
“独立主格结构”。
实质就是带有自己主语的非限制性状语从句。
独立主格结构的构成：名词（代词）+现在分词、过去分词；名词（代词）+形容词；名词（代词）+副词；名词（代词）+不定式；名词（代词）+介词短语构成。
独立主格结构的特点：1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。
3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
使用独立主格的结构的注意事项（1）当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。
如：After class was over (=class being over/ class over), the students soon left the classroom.（2）在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的being(或having been)不能省略：a) 独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。
如：It being Sunday, we went to church.b) 在There being +名词的结构中。
如：There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.（3）在“名词（或代词）+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。
如：Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand. (比较with的复合结构：Miss Smith entered the classroom, with a book in his hand.（4）独立主格结构没有所有格形式。
如The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting.(比较动名词复合结构：The chief-editor’s arriving made us very surprised.)（5）独立主格结构作时间或原因状语时，可用完成时，表示该动作发生在谓语之前。
专四语法1--独立主格
• The last guest to arrive, our party was started. • 他提议一次野餐，他本人出钱买火车票，而ＪＯＨＮ提供食物．
• 武松打虎，唯一的武器是一根哨棒． • 人生是很短暂的，而其中能静下心来读书的时间就更少．我们不应该浪费 宝贵的时间去读那些毫无价值的书. --- John Ruskin
独立主格
• 96 • _______no cause for alarm, the old man w ent back to his bedroom. a. There was • b. Since • c. Being • d. There being
独立主格
• 94 • 5. The country’s chief exports are coal, car s and cotton goods, cars _______the most important of these. a. have been • b. are • c. being • d. are being
区别“悬垂分词”
• 而如果一个分词结构在句子中找不到它的 逻辑主语,语法上称作“悬垂分词”，多用 于科技文写作． • When planting these flowers, care must be taken not to damage the roots. (人们)种这些花时必须小心,不要损坏了 花根。
• 48. Time ______, the celebration will be held as scheduled. • a. permit • b. permitting • c. permitted • d. permits
独立主格
• 00: • 45. There ______ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier. • a. to be • b. to have been • c. being • d. be
独立主格及练习
独立主格” 结构 Absolute Structure独立主格结构又叫独立结构(absolute construction ,由名词 /主格代词 + 现在分词(或过去分词、不定式、名词、形容词、副词、介词短语构成。
在语法上不是句子。
具有以下特点:(1在句子中作状语 ,表示时间、原因、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况。
(2可置于句首,也可放在句尾,用逗号隔开,句首或句中没有从属或并列连词(3它的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同,不指同一人或同一物。
(4 be 动词在独立主格结构中一般转化为 being 。
二、独立主格结构的构成I. 分词(v+ing, v+ed独立主格结构,可以转换成状语从句eg.1. 今天是星期天 , 你不必去上学。
A 用原因从句表达:Because it is Sunday, you needn't go to school.或用并列句:It is Sunday, so you needn’t go to school.(OB 用分词独立结构表达:It being Sunday, you needn't go to school.但不能写成:Being Sunday, you needn't go to school.(因分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语 , 所以句子错误。
2. 官员们都到齐了 , 宣布开会。
A 用时间状语从句表达:After (when all the officials had arrived, the meeting was declared open.B 用分词独立结构表达:All the officials having arrived, the meeting was declared open.3. 天气允许的话 , 我们去颐和园。
A 用条件状语从句表达:If weather permits, we'll go to the Summer Palace.B 用分词独立结构表达:Weather permitting , we'll go to the Summer Palace.4. 他看着这情景 , 张大着嘴。
专四练习之语法(非谓语动词,独立结构)
1.名词（或代词）＋现在分词（或过去分词）。如： 1）The moon appearing, they decided to go on with their journey. 2）Good-bye said,he went home.
With +n./pron.+ doing/done/prep.
With book in hand
主格名词/代词 + 分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词
短语
(作逻辑主语)
(作逻辑谓语)
（二） 独立主格结构的特点： 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独 立存在。 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词 等是主谓关系。 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 4）用分词时表示主动关系用现在分词，被动关系用过 去分词；
3.非谓语动词作补语的要点提示
1. 现在分词表动作正在进行， 过去分词表被动， 不定式表动作已完成或结束 2.补语如果是非持续性动词，不定式表
一次性的动作，现在分词则表示反复发 生的动作。
真题演练（2004）
The Minister of Finance is believed____ of imposing new taxes to raise extra revenue.
Consider/ decide/ know/ explain /forget/ learn/ remember/ tell/ wonder
真题演练（1993）
I never regretted_______ the offer, for it was not where my interest lay.
独立主格和非谓语专四练习
1．In phrase like freezing cold, burning hot, or soaking wet, the –ING participle is used ___.A.For concessionB. for emphasisC. as a commandD. as a condition 2．Facing the board of directors, he didn’t deny ___ breaking the agreement.A.HimB. itC. hisD. its3．Please pardon___ you.A.My disturbingB. disturbingC. me to disturbD. that I disturb 4．The bank is reported in the local newspaper ___in broad daylight yesterday.A.To be robbedB. robbedC. to have been robbedD. having been robbed 5．Mr. Milton prefers to resign ___ part in such dishonest business deals.A.Than takeB. than to takeC. rather than takeD. rather than to take 6．It turned out that the children were not ___ for the accident.A.To blameB. to be blamedC. to be blamingD. to have been blamed 7．___ for a long time, the fields are all dried up.A.There has been no rainB. Having no rainC. There having been no rainD. There being no rain8．The millions of calculations involved, ___by hand, would have lost all practical value.A.Had they been doneB. they had been doneC. having been doneD. they were done9．While being questioned on the court, the man denied ___ the old lady’s necklace.A.Having takenB. takingC. to have takenD. to take10．Dr. Park was accused ___ the patient with overdose of sleeping pills so that the patient’s life was terminated before the expected time.A.Of providingB. with providingC. to have providedD. to provide 11．Joseph was very lucky ___ with his life; he almost did not get out of the room.A.To escapeB. to have escapedC. to escapingD. to be escaping 12．Our civilization cannot be thought of as ___ in a short period of time.A.To have been createdB. to be createdC. having been createdD. being created1-5：BCACC 6-10: ACAAA 11-12: BC。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
例题整理
1. 历年真题
1) The country’s chief exports are coal, cars and cotton goods, cars______ the most important of these. （1994年第57题）
A. have been
B. are
C. being
D. are being
【译文】这个国家的主要出口物有煤、汽车和棉制品, 其中汽车是最重要的一种。
【答案】C
【解析】前半句为主句，且句子已经完整，故先排除选项A、选项B与选项D。
再根据句子分析，独立主格结构相当于条件状语从句，故选C。
2) _____no cause for alarm, the old man went back to his bedroom. (1996年第51题)
A. there was
B. since
C. being
D. there being
【译文】因为没有事情需要警惕，老人回到他的卧室里。
【答案】D
【解析】后半句为主句，且句子已经完整，故先排除选项A。
选项B不合语法规则，故排除。
独立主格结构相当于条件状语从句，表原因。
故选D。
-
3) There___ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier. （2000年第45题）
A. to be
B. to have been
C. Being
D. be
【译文】由于没有什么可讨论的，会议提早半个小时就结束了。
【答案】C
【解析】后半句为主句，且句子已经完整，故排除选项D；第一部分的意思应该是There being nothing more for discussion= Because there was nothing
more for discussion,独立主格结构相当于原因状语从句。
故选择C。
4) Agriculture is the country’s chief source of wealth, wheat ______ by far the biggest cereal crop. （2003年第51题）
A. is
B. been
C. be
D. being
【译文】农业是这个国家主要的经济来源，到目前为止小麦是最重要的谷类作物。
【答案】D
【解析】根据结构，主句已经完整，故排除选项A与C；选项在句子中作状语，因此需要一个非谓语动词构成独立主格结构，故选项D being正确。
5) Time ______, the celebration will be held as scheduled. （2003年第58题）
A. permit
B. permitting
C. permitted
D. permits
【译文】如果时间允许的话，庆祝活动将会如期举行。
@
【答案】B
【解析】后半句为主句，且已经完整，故排除选项A、选项C与选项D，第一部分的意思应该是Time permitting=If time permits,独立主格结构相当于条
件状语从句。
因此只能选择选项B。
2. 模拟题：
1) All the investigations______ before the deadline, the staff decided to have a party as a celebration.
A. been fulfilled
B. had been fulfilled
C. were fulfilled
D. having been fulfill
【译文】因为所有的调查在最后期限前完成，员工决定举行一个聚会来庆祝。
【答案】D
【解析】后半句为主句，且句子已经完整，故先排除选项B、C。
根据句子分析，调查已经完成，用完成时，独立主格结构相当于原因状语从句。
因此只
能选择选项D。
2) Our picnic______ by the unexpected heavy rain, we went home depressed.
A. was spoiled
B. had been spoiled
C. having spoiled
D. having been spoiled 【译文】我们的野餐被意外的大雨给破坏了,我们只好沮丧地回家了。
【答案】D
：
【解析】后半句为主句，且句子已经完整，故先排除选项A、B。
根据句子分析，野餐被破坏，用被动语态，独立主格结构相当于原因状语从句。
故选D。
3）All flights ____ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.
A. had been cancelled
B. were cancelled
C. have been cancelled
D. having been cancelled
【译文】因为暴风雪，所有航班被取消，许多乘客只好坐火车。
【答案】D
【解析】后半句为主句，且句子已经完整，故先排除选项A、B与C。
根据句子分析，航班是被取消，用被动语态，独立主格结构相当于原因状语从句。
4）When I finish the story, Lenin jumped up from his chair and started pacing the floor, ____, deep in thought.
A. with his head bending
B. in his head bent
C. his head bending
D. his head bent
【译文】我讲完故事后，列宁从椅子上跳了起来，开始在屋里踱来踱去,低着头，陷入沉思。
【答案】D
【解析】his head bent 是独立主格结构，his head 是逻辑主语，bent 是逻辑谓语。
独立结构相当于伴随状态，故选D。
5）The internet will be used to enable customers to shop from the comfort of their homes by simply ordering via the computer screen, payment by direct debit of their credit cards.
A. making it
B. is made
C. being made
D. will be made
#
【译文】人们将使用网络在家里舒舒服服地购物，可以通过电脑屏幕进行订货，所需支付的款项可直接从信用卡扣除。
【答案】C
【解析】前半句为主句，且句子已经完整，故先排除选项B与D。
再根据句子分析，所需的款项被扣除，因采用被动语态，独立主格结构相当于原因状
语从句。
6）The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience ______ on benches, chairs or boxes.
A. having seated
B. seating
C. seated
D. having been seated
【译文】这些促销通常在室外发生,有许多观众坐在长凳、椅子或箱子上。
【答案】C
【解析】前半个句为完整的句子，此句为“with+名词+分词”复合结构，seated 为过去分词，故选C。
7）_______, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.
A. Other things being equal
B. To be equal to other things
C. Were other things equal
D. Other things to be equal
【译文】在其他因素不变的情况下,能有效地表达自我的人比表达能力差的人成功得快的多。
【答案】A
^
【解析】选项A为名词+现在分词构成的独立主格结构，逻辑主语为other things, 与主句的主语a man 不同。
选项B、Ｃ与句义不符。
选项Ｄ为名词+不定
式构成的独立主格结构，表将来的动作，与题意不符。
故选A.
8）We left the meeting, there obviously ________ no point in staying.
A. were
B. being
C. to be
D. having
【译文】我们离开了会议,因为显然已经没有呆下去的意义了。
【答案】B
【解析】前半句为主句，且句子已经完整，故先排除选项A。
独立主格结构相当于原因状语从句。
因此选择选项C.。