2014.02.01 历年六级阅读理解逐句翻译：2007年6月(2)
2014.02.01 历年六级阅读理解逐句翻译：2007年6月（2）You hear the refrain[rɪˈfren] all the time: the U.S. economy looks good statistically [stə'tɪstɪklɪ], but it doesn’t feel good.你一直重复听到：美国的经济从数据上看很不错，但实际上并不觉得很好。
Why doesn’t ever-greater wealth promote ever-greater happiness?为什么不断增加的财富却没有促进不断提高的幸福程度呢？It is a question that dates at least to the appearance in 1958 of The Affluent/ˈæfluənt /(富裕的) Society by John Kenneth['kɛnɪθ] Galbraith, who died recently at 97.这个问题最早要追溯到1958年《富足社会》一书的出现，其作者John Kenneth Galbraith最近去世了，享年97岁。
The Affluent Society is a modern classic because it helped define a new moment in the human condition.《富足社会》是一本现代名著，因为书中定义了人类境况的一个新时期。
For most of history, “hunger, sickness, and cold” threatened nearlyeveryone, Galbraith wrote.在历史上的大多数时期，“饥寒交迫和疾病”几乎威胁了每一个人。
Galbraith写道：“Poverty was found everywhere in that world. Obviously it is not of ours.”“贫穷出现在那个世界的任何角落。
但这显然与我们无关”After World War II, the dread of another Great Depression gave way to an economic boom. In the 1930s unemployment had averaged 18.2 percent; in the 1950s it was 4.5 percent.“二战”后，对于新的一次大衰退的恐惧让位于一次经济繁荣。
在二十世纪三十年代，失业率高达18.2%，而在二十世纪五十年代，失业率为4.5%。
To Galbraith, materialism had gone mad and would breed discontent.对于Galbraith而言，物质主义已经疯狂，并且会滋生不满。
Through advertising, companies conditioned consumers to buy things they didn’t really want or need.公司通过广告让消费者购买他们不需要或者不想要的东西。
Because so much spending was artificial, it would be unfulfilling.如此多的花费是虚假的，所以肯定会有不满。
Meanwhile, government spending that would make everyone better off was being cut down because people instinctively—and wrongly—labeled government only as “a necessary evil.”同时，能让每个人生活得更好的政府开销却减少了，因为人们本能地、错误地为政府贴上了“必要的恶魔”的标签。
It’s often said that only the rich are getting ahead; everyone else is standing still or falling behind.人们常说只有富人在前行，其他人都停留在原地或者落在后面。
Well, there are many undeserving[ˈʌndɪˈzɜ:vɪŋ]rich—overpaid chief executives, for instance.例如，是有很多人不应富有的人。
工资过高的首席执行官。
But over any meaningful period, most people’s incomes are increasing.但是在经历了很多重要时期之后，大多数人的收入在上升。
From 1995 to 2004, inflation-adjusted average family income rose 14.3 percent, to $43,200.从1995年到2004年，针对通货膨胀进行调整的普通家庭收入上升了14.3%，达到了43，200美元。
People feel “squeezed” because their rising[ˈraɪzɪŋ]incomes often don’t satisfy their rising wants—for bigger homes, more health care, more education, faster Internet connections.人们觉得“被压榨”，是因为他们增加的收入不能满足他们上升的欲望----更大的房子，更多医疗保健，更多教育，更快的网络连接。
The other great frustration is that it has not eliminated insecurity.另外一大沮丧是不安全感并没有被消除。
People regard job stability as part of their standard of living.人们把工作的稳定性看成生活标准的一部分。
As corporate layoffs increased, that part has eroded.随着公司裁员的增加了，这部分被腐蚀了。
More workers fear they’ve become “the disposable American,” as Louis [ˈluɪs] Uchitelle puts it in his book by the same name.更过的员工害怕自己会成为“被处理的美国人”，这一说法来自于Louis Uchtelle的同名著作。
Because so much previous suffering and social conflict stemmed from poverty, the arrival of widespread affluence['æflʊəns]suggested utopian (乌托邦式的) possibilities/ˈpɒsəˈbɪləti/ .因为前面提到的痛苦和社会冲突都来源于贫穷，大范围富裕的来临暗示了乌托邦式的可能。
Up to a point, affluence succeeds. There is much less physical misery than before. People are better off. Unfortunately, affluence also creates new complaints and contradictions.从某种意义来说，富裕成功了。
比起以前，身体上的痛苦大大减少。
人们比以前更富于了。
不幸的是，富足同样创造了新的抱怨和矛盾。
Advanced[ædˈvænst]societies need economic growth to satisfy the multiplying wants of their citizens.现今的社会需要经济增长，以满足市民日益多样化的需要。
But the quest for growth lets loose new anxieties and economic conflicts that disturb the social order.但是对增长的追求却产生了新的焦虑和经济冲突，扰乱了社会秩序。
Affluence liberates the individual, promising that everyone can choose aunique way to self-fulfillment.富裕解放了个人，承诺每个人可以选择独特方式来达成自己的愿望。
But the promise is so extravagant /ɪkˈstrævəgənt/that it predestines [priˈdɛstɪn] many disappointments and sometimes inspires choices that have anti-social consequences, including family breakdown and obesity [əʊˈbisɪti] (肥胖症).但是承诺是如此的奢侈，以至于注定会有失望，有时还会引起带来反社会的选择，包括家庭破裂和肥胖症。
Statistical indicators of happiness have not risen['rɪzn] with incomes.数据表明，幸福并没有随着收入的增长而增长。
Should we be surprised? Not really. We’ve simply reaffirmed[ˈriəˈfə:m] an old truth: the pursuit of affluence does not always end with happiness. 我们是不是应该感到惊讶？不必。
我们仅是重新印证了一句老话：对富裕的追求并不会总是以幸福为结局。
2014年6月英语六级翻译真题及译文（新东方版）
2014年6⽉英语六级翻译真题及译⽂（新东⽅版）2014年12⽉⼤学英语六级考试已结束，特邀新东⽅在线、北京新东⽅四、六级团队第⼀时间对下午的六级考试情况进⾏点评。
以下是四、六级团队卢根、宋健伟⽼师对英语六级翻译提供参考译⽂，供⼴⼤考⽣参考，祝预祝⼴⼤考⽣考试顺利。
原题⼀：⾃从1978年启动改⾰以来，中国已从计划经济转为以市场为基础的经济，经历了经济和社会的快速发展。
平均10%的GDP增长已使五亿多⼈脱贫。
联合国的“千年（millennium）发展⽬标”在中国均已达到或即将达到。
⽬前，中国的第⼗⼆个五年规划强调发展服务业和解决环境及社会不平衡的问题。
政府已设定⽬标减少污染，提⾼能源效率，改善得到教育和医保的机会，并扩⼤社会保障。
中国现在7%的经济年增长⽬标表明政府是在重视⽣活质量⽽不是增长速度。
参考译⽂：（新东⽅在线、北京新东⽅学校卢根⽼师）Since the reform in 1978, with the rapid development of economy and society, Chinese economy has transferred into market economy from command economy. The average 10% growth of GDP has lifted more than 500 million people out of poverty. The Millennium Goal of the U.N. has been fully or partially achieved throughout China. At present, the 12th Five-year Plan in China emphasizes the development of service industry and the solution of imbalance of environment and society. The government has set goals to reduce pollution, enhance energy efficiency, improve educational opportunities and medical insurance and expand social security. The 7% growth annual goal demonstrates that the government is concentrating on the quality of life rather than the speed of growth.原题⼆：中国将努⼒确保到2015年就业者接受过平均13.3年的教育。
2014年6月英语六级真题翻译
2014年6月英语六级真题翻译:卷2Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.最近，中国科学院（Chinese Academy of Sciences)出版了关于其最新科学发现与未来一年展望的年度系列报告。
系列报告包括三部分:科学发展报告、高技术发展报告、中国可持续发展战略报告。
第一部分报告包含中国科学家的最新发现，诸如新粒子研究与H7N9病毒研究的突破。
该报告还突出强调了未来几年需要关注的问题。
第二份报告公布了一些应用科学研究的热门领域，如3D打印和人造器官研究。
第三份报告呼吁加强顶层设计，以消除工业升级中的结构性障碍，并促进节能减排。
Recently Chinese Academy of Science published a series of annual reports about its latest scientific findings and the prospect of the next year. The reports consist of three parts: science development, high technologies development and the China sustainable development strategy report. The first part includes the latest findings of Chinese scientists, such as the research of new particles and the breakthrough in the study of H7N9 virus. Furthermore, it highlights some problems we need to focus in the next few years. The second one announces some heated fields in applied science, for instance, the 3-dimension print and the study of artificial human organs. The third one appeals to people to enhance the top design so as to get rid of the structural obstacles in industrial upgrading and to promote the energy-saving and emission-reduction.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is unwise to put all your eggs in one basket. You can give examples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.【写作提示】本文是一篇议论文，要求对“孤注一掷是不明智的”做出论述。
2014年6月大学英语六级阅读练习题附答案及解析水印版
2014年6月大学英语六级阅读练习题附答案及解析目录2014年6月大学英语六级阅读练习题附答案及解析 (1)2014年6月大学英语六级仔细阅读练习题附答案及解析(1) (2)2014年6月英语六级长篇阅读匹配练习题附答案解析(1) (11)2014年6月英语六级选词填空习模拟练习附答案(1) (17)2014年6月大学英语六级仔细阅读练习题附答案及解析(2) (21)2014年6月英语六级长篇阅读匹配练习题附答案解析(2) (30)2014年6月英语六级选词填空习模拟练习附答案(2) (37)2014年6月大学英语六级仔细阅读练习题附答案及解析(1) Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based an the following passage.Dropping out of university to launch a start-up is old hat. The twist with Joseph Cohen, Dan Getelman and Jim Grandpre is that their start-up aims to improve how universities work. In May 2011 the three founders quit the University of Pennsvlvania. to launch Coursekit,soon renamed as Lore.whichhas already raised $ 6m to develop what Mr. Cohen, its 21-year-old chief executive, describes as a social-learning network for the classroom".Lore is part of a trend that builds on the familiarity with social networking that has come with the success of Facebook. It customizes the rules of a network to meet the specific needs of students. Anyone teaching a class would reasonably worry that students using Facebook were gossiping rather than learning useful information from their network of friends. Lore allows teachers to control exactly who is in the network by issuing a class-membership code and to see how they are using it. They can also distribute course materials, contact students, manage tests and grades, and decide what to make public and what to keep private. Students can also interact with each other.In the academic year after launching its first version last November, Lore was used in at least one class in 600 diversities and colleges. Its goal for its second year, about to begin, is to spread rapidly within those 600 institutions, not least to see what the effects of scale are from having lots of classes signed up within the same institution.The firm has a fast-growing army of fans in the faculty common room. Lore, says Edward Boches, who uses it for his advertising classes at Boston University, makes teaching "more interactive, extends it beyond the classroom and stimulates students to learn from each other rather than just the professor."Among other challenges for the company, there remains the small matter offiguring out a business model. For the moment it has none. Mr. Cohen hopes that eventually Lore could become the primary marketplace for everything from courses to textbooks, but so far the service is free and carries no advertising. Blackboard, the industry incumbent (占有者), charges users for its course-management software. It remains to be seen how it will respond to the upstart(新贵).The lack of a plan does not appear to bother Lore's founders or investors, -who seem content to learn a lesson from another university drop-out, Mark Zuckerberg, the co-founder of Facebook: achieve critical mass in your network and the profits will follow. And after that perhaps they can expect an honorary degree from the a/ma mater(母校).56. What do we learn from the first paragraph about Lore?A．It specializes in producing old hats.B．It aims to improve the way universities work.C．It invests $ 6m in the development of social network.D．It promotes the communication among classmates.57. What does Lore enable teachers to do?A．Meet specific needs of students.B．Learn useful information from friends.C．Control the online class membership.D．Monitor students' personal privacy.58. For its second-year goal, Lore is to __A．increase fans in the faculty common roomB．launch its second version in 600 universitiesC．make more classes from 600 institutions signed upD．spread its influence within the same institution59. Concerning the prospect of Lore, Mr. Cohen expects it toA．confront with Blackboard as an equalB．offer free service to the advertisersC．cover businesses from courses to textbooksD．Develop its own come-management software60. What do we learn about Lore's founders?A．They can't be bothered to design a business model.B．They learn a lesson from the success of Facebook.C．They will not make profits without drawing mass users.D．They desire to receive an honorary degree from the alma mater.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.A bull grazes on dry wheat husks(Phi) in Logan, Kansas, one of the regions hit by the record drought that has affected more than half of the U. S. and is expected to drive up food prices.Leadinu water scientists have issued one of the sternest warnings yet about global food supplies, saying that the world's population may have to switch almost completely to a vegetarian diet over the next 40 years to avoid catastrophic shortages.Adopting a vegetarian diet is one option to increase the amount of water available to grow more food in an increasingly climate-unstable world, the scientists said. Animal protein-rich food consumes 5 to 10 times more water than a vegetarian diet. One third of the world's arable(适于耕种的) land is used to grow crops to feed animals. Other options to feed people include eliminating waste and increasing trade between countries in food surplus and those in deficit."900 million people already go hungry and 2 billion people are malnourished in spite of the fact that per capita food production continues to increase," they said. "With 70% of all available water being in agriculture, growing more food to feed an additional 2 billion people by 2050 will place greater pressure on available water and land."The report is being released at the start of the annual world water conference in Stockholm, Sweden, where 2,500 politicians, UN bodies, non-governmental groups and researchers from 120 countries meet to address global water supply problems.Competition for water between food production and other uses will intensifypressure on essential resources, the scientists said. "The UN predicts that we must increase food production by 70% by mid-century. This will place additional pressure on our 'already stressed water resources, at a time when we also need to allocate more water to satisfy global energy demand--which is expected to rise 60% over the coming 30 years--and to generate electricity for the 1.3 billion people currently without it," said the report.Overeating, undernourishment and waste are all on the rise and increased food production may face future constraints from water scarcity."We will need a new recipe to feed the world in the future," said the report's editor, Anders Jagerskog.A separate report from the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) said the best way for countries to protect millions of farmers from food insecurity in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia was to help them invest in small pumps and simple technology, rather than to develop expensive, large-scale irrigation projects."Farmem across the developing world are increasingly relying on and benefiting from small-scale,locally-relevant water solutions. These techniques could increase yields up to 300% and add tens of billions of U. S. dollars to household revenues across sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia. " said Dr. Colin Chartres, the director general.61. What can be inferred from the water scientists' warning?A．The record drought forces half of the U. S. to go hungry.B．The record drought drives up food prices m the U. S.C．Severe food shortage may happen without proper measures.D．A vegetarian diet is the only option to avoid disastrous shortages.62. What do the scientists say can be done to increase food supply?A．Grow more animal protein-rich food.B．Turn pastures into arable lands.C．Promote trade between countries self-sufficient in food.D．Increase the amount of water for food production.63. According to the water scientists' report,A．per capita food production has been increasingB．reduced food supply will make more people malnourishedC．70% of water will be used to feed 2 billion people by 2050D．researchers begin to seek solutions to tackle water problem64. In regard to the problem of water supply, scientists believeA．more water should be allocated to satisfy energy demandB．food production must be increased to 70% by mid-centuryC．energy demand will intensify pressure on water resourcesD．electricity generation must be increased by 60% 30 years later65. What does the IWMI say is the best solution to food insecurity in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia?A．Applying small pumps and simple technology.B．Launching large-scale irrigation projects.C．Increase the local household revenues.D．Investing in a new expensive irrigation project.答案解析：56 B）。
大学英语六级考试(CET6)历年阅读试题译文
大学英语六级考试(CET6)历年阅读试题译文历年六级试题阅读译文1999年1月六级试题译文Passage one译文很多美国人对有关食物的多数危险持极度歪曲、夸张的观点。
马萨诸塞—阿姆赫特大学食品科学及营养系主任佛卡斯·克拉斯代尔直率地说，如果被细菌污染的鸡肉的危险像一些人认为的那样大，“大街上就会到处躺满中毒的人。
”虽然公众越来越要求安全食品，但世界上没有这样的东西。
伯克利的加里福尼亚大学生物化学系主任布鲁斯·阿密兹指出，一棵植物中多达10%的重量是天然杀虫剂。
他说：“植物没有嘴和牙齿来保护自己，它们就使用化学战。
”许多自然生成的化学物质虽然量很小，但实验室化验却证明是强致癌物——可引起癌症的物质。
如果用食品添加剂的标准来衡量，蘑菇就会被禁止食用。
康乃尔大学的营养学家克利斯蒂娜·斯达克断言：“我们从食物中获得的天然化学物质比任何人造的东西都糟糕得多。
”然而问题并不那么简单。
尽管美国人没理由害怕坐在餐桌旁，但他们完全有理由要求食物和饮水安全有明显改进。
他们不知不觉地、不情愿地吸收了大量各种各样的危险化学物。
要是食物中已经含有天然致癌物，再加上几十种新的人造致癌物就不大明智了。
虽然大多数人能抵抗食物和水里的少量污染物，但至少一天少数人会因吃喝的东西而患癌症。
为使食物和供水质量更高，政府需提高管理标准，严格检查计划并强化执行政策。
食品工业应该修改某些人们长期接受的做法，或采用危险较小的做法。
最重要的也许是消费者将不得不学习如何正确处理和烹制食物。
需要解决从田间到加工场、再到厨房的整个食品供应过程中的全部问题。
Passage two译文有些地球现象可以预计，但有的人说磁场是个例外。
磁场的强度波动，并从轴开始移动，每隔几十万年经历一次奇异的两极转换——这期间北极变成南极，南极变成北极。
但磁场是怎么产生的?为什么如此不稳定?两位法国地球物理学家的开创性研究为揭示这一奥秘提供了一些线索。
历年6级真题阅读翻译
历年阅读真题翻译1999年6月六级阅读译文Passage One我们有时认为惟有人类易受忧虑伤害，但紧张情绪似乎也影响了低级动物的免疫系统。
例如，在一次实验中，丹佛大学的行为免疫学家马克•朗顿斯拉格对24只老鼠进行了轻微的电击。
一半老鼠能通过转动笼子里的一个轮子切断电源，而另一半却不能。
朗顿斯拉格将两组老鼠配成对，每次一只老鼠转动轮子，它就能保护自己和无能为力的伙伴免遭电击。
朗顿斯拉发现，无能为力的老鼠免疫反应降至正常以下，但那些能够切断电流的老鼠却没有。
他认为，他所证明的是缺乏控制事件的能力会削弱免疫系统，而非经历本身。
其他研究者也同意他的看法。
杜克大学医学院的心理学家琼•伟斯已经证明：被允许控制不快刺激的动物不出现睡眠障碍，大脑化学成分也不发生变化，这些正是老鼠紧张的典型表现。
但是，如果动物遭遇过不能控制的情况，以后它们面对能控制的事件时行为就会被动。
这些发现加强了心理学家的猜疑，无助的经验或感知是压抑情绪中最有害的因素之一。
心情改变免疫反应最令人惊讶的例子之一是偶尔发现的。
1975年，罗切斯特大学医学院的心理学家罗伯特•阿德通过同时给老鼠喂糖精和注射抑制免疫系统的药使其胃部不适，使老鼠形成条件反射避开糖精。
因为把糖精和胃痛联系起来，老鼠很快就学会避开糖精。
为消除对糖精的厌恶，阿德再次给这些老鼠喂糖精，但这次没给药；他惊讶地发现一些老鼠死了，这些老鼠在以前形成条件反射期间吃的糖精最多。
他只能这样推测：他成功地使老鼠形成条件反射，现在仅用削弱其免疫系统的糖精就足以使其致死。
Passage T wo破坏自然资源和污染食物的事不断发生，这主要是因为对那些不顾后果肆意破坏环境的人难以追究法律责任。
通过立法、经济刺激和善意劝说等防止污染的努力遇到诉讼、个人和企业的否认及旷日持久的拖延——不仅在接受责任方面，更重要的是在有关其处理方面。
看来只有当政府决定采取税收优惠或牺牲生产时，才会主动改变。
保护人类的伟大宝库是一项最重要的责任，企业和我们对此的共识何在？如果有环境卫生专业人员到第一线来领导解决环境问题的时刻，这时刻便是现在。
历年英语六级阅读理解逐句翻译(DOC)
历年六级阅读理解逐句翻译一、There is nothing like the suggestion of a cancer risk to scare a parent, especially one of the over-educated, eco-conscious type.没有什么事情比有得癌症的迹象更让父母感到害怕的了，尤其对于受到过度教育、对生态环境敏感的那种人来说。
So you can imagine the reaction when a recent USA Today investigation of air quality around the nation’s schools singled out those in the smugly（自鸣得意的）green village of Berkeley, Calif., as being among the worst in the country.所以当《今日美国》在近期公布的一份全国范围内的学校周边空气质量调查中，把加州伯克利的绿色环保小镇列为全国最差时，你可以想象到那些自鸣得意的人的反应。
The city’s public high school, as well as a number of daycare centers, preschools, elementary and middle schools, fell in the lowest 10%. Industrial pollution in our town had supposedly turned students into living science experi ments breathing in a laboratory’s worth of heavy metals like manganese, chromium and nickel each day.该市的公立高中以及为数众多的日间看护中心、学前教育机构、小学和中学都在最差的10%之列。
大学英语六级07-12阅读理解和答案解析
2007年6月Y ou hear the refrain all the time: the U.S. economy looks good statistically, but it doesn’t feel good. Why doesn’t ever-greater wealth promote ever-greater happiness? It is a question that dates at least to the appearance in 1958 of The Affluent (富裕的)52. What question does John Kenneth Galbraith raise in his book The Affluent Society? BB) Why affluence doesn’t guarantee happiness.53. According to Galbraith, people feel discontented because __D__.D) materialism has run wild in modern society54. Why do people feel squeezed when their average income rises considerably? AA) Their material pursuits have gone far ahead of their earnings.55. What does Louis Uchitelle mean by “the disposable American” (Line 3, Para. 5)?DD) Workers who no longer have secure jobs.56. What has affluence brought to American society? CC) New conflicts and complaints.Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.The use of deferential (敬重的) language is symbolic of the Confucian ideal of the woman, which dominates conservative gender norms in Japan.57. The first paragraph describes in detail ____B____.B) the Confucian influence on gender norms in Japan58. What change has been observed in today’s young Japanese women?BB) The use fewer of the deferential linguistic forms.59. How do some people react to women’s appropriation of men’s language forms as reported in the Japanese media? DD) They express strong disapproval.60. According to Y oshiko Matsumoto, the linguistic behavior observed in today’s young women _____B___.B) has been true of all past generations61. The author believes that the use of assertive language by young Japanese women is_____C___.C) one of their strategies to compete in a male-dominated society2007年12月Like most people, I’ve long understood that I will be judged by my occupation, that my profession is a gauge people use to see how smart or talented I am.52. The author was disappointed to find that ___________________.C) one’s occupation affects the way one is treated as a person53. What does the author intend to say by the example in the second paragraph?A) Some customers simply show no respect to those who serve them.54. How did the author feel when waiting tables at the age of 19?D) She found it natural for professionals to treat her as inferior.55. What does the author imply by saying “…many of my customers didn’t get the difference between server and servant” (Lines 3-4, Para.7)?B) Those working in th e service industry shouldn’t be treated as servants.56. The author says she’ll one day take her clients to dinner in order to _______.A) see what kind of person they arePassage TwoWhat’s hot for 2007 among the very rich? A S7.3 million diamond ring. A trip to Tanzania to hunt wild animals. Oh. and income inequality.57. What is the current topic of common interest among the very rich in America? CC) The inequality in the distribution of wealth.58. What do we learn from Mortimer Zucker man’s lamentation? CC) The American nation is becoming more and more divided despite its wealth.59. From the fifth paragraph we can learn that ______B______.B) the very rich are politically sensitive60. What is the real reason for plutocrats to express solidarity with the middle class? CC) They want to gain support for global economic integration.61. What may happen if the United States places obstacles in the way of foreign investors and foreign goods? DD) Foreign countries will place the same economic barriers in return.2008年6月Imagine waking up and finding the value of your assets has been halved. No, you’re not an investor in one of those hedge funds that failed completely.52. Why do Americans feel humiliated? CC) Their currency has slumped53.How does the current dollar affect the life of ordinary Americans? CC) They have to spend more money when buying imported goods.54 How do many Europeans feel about the U.S with the devalued dollar? DD) They think of it as a good tourist destination.55 what is the author’s advice to Americans? CC)They vacation at home rather than abroad56 What does the author imply by saying “currencies don’t turn on a dime” (Line 2,Para 7)? AA)The dollar’s value will not increase in the short term.Passage TwoIn the college-admissions wars, we parents are the true fights. We are pushing our kids to get good grades, take SA T preparatory courses and build resumes so they can get into the college of our first choice.57.Why dose the author say that parents are the true fighters in the college-admissions wars? DD.they care more about which college their children go to than the children themselves.58.Why do parents urge their children to apply to more school than ever?AA.they want to increase their children chances of entering a prestigious college.59.What does the author mean by kids count more than their college(Line1,para.4? CC.Kids actual abilities are more importang than their college background.60.What does Krueger study tell us? BB.Degrees of prestigious universities do not guarantee entry to graduate programs.61.One possible result of pushing children into elite universities is that__C____C.they experience more job dissatisfaction after graduation2008年12月Sustainable development is applied to just about everything from energy to clean water and economic growth,52. How do people often measure progress in agriculture? B[B] By its sustainability.53. Specialization and the effort to increase yields have resulted in __D______.[D] the decrease of biodiversity54. What does the author think of traditional farming practices? C[C] They are not necessarily sustainable.55. What will agriculture be like in the 21st century? A[A] It will go through radical changes.56. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage? D[D] T o urge people to rethink what sustainable agriculture is.Passage TwoThe percentage of immigrants (including those unlawfully present) in the United States has been creeping upward for years. At 12.6 percent,57. How were immigrants viewed by U.S. Congress in the early days? A[A] They were of inferior races.58. What does the author think of the new immigrants? B[B] They can do just as well as their predecessors.59. What does Edward Tells’ research say about Mexican-Americans? D[D] They may forever remain poor and underachievin g.60. What should be done to help the new immigrants? C[C] Prevent them from being marginalized.61. According to the author, the burning issue concerning immigration is____B___.[B] How to help immigrants to better fit into American society2009年6月For hundreds of millions of years, turtles (海龟) have struggled out of the sea to lay their eggs on sandy beaches,52. We can learn from the first paragraph that ___B_____.B．efforts have been made to protect turtles from dying out53. What does the author mean by “Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness”(Line 1, Para. 2)? DD．The turtle population has decreased in spite of human protection.54. What constitutes a major threat to the survival of turtles according to Elizabeth Griffin? B B．Unregulated commercial fishing.55. How does global warming affect the survival of turtles? AA．It threatens the sandy beaches on which they lay eggs.56. The last sentence of the passage is meant to _C_______.C．call for effective measures to ensure sea turtles’survivalThere are few more sobering online activities than entering data into college-tuition calculators57. What’s the opinion of economists about going to college? CC．College education is rewarding in spite of the startling costs.58. The two Harvard economists note in their study that, for much of the 20th century,_____D___.D．the gap between the earnings of college and high-school graduates narrowed59. Students who attend an in-state college or university can ____A____.A．save more on tuition60. In this consumerist age, most parents ___D_____.D．consider college education a consumer product61. What is the chief consideration when students choose a college today? BB．A satisfying experience within their budgets.2009年12月份There is nothing like the suggestion of a cancer risk to scare a parent, especially one of the over-educated, eco-conscious type52. What does a recent investigation by USA Today reveal? CC) The air quality around Berkeley’s school campuses is poor.53. What response did USA Today’s report draw? CC) Widespread panic.54. How did parents feel in the face of the experts’ studies? CC) They didn’t know who to believe.55. What is the view of the 2004 report in the journal Pediatrics? DD) Attention should be paid to toxic chemical exposure.56. Of the dangers in everyday life, the author thinks that people have most to fear from_______A___.A) the uncertainCrippling health care bills, long emergency-room waits and the inability to find a primary care physician just scratch the surface of the problems that patients face daily.57. The author’s chief concern about the current U.S. health care system is _ C_________.C) the shrinking primary care resources58. We learn from the passage that people tend to believe that ____D______.D) the more doctors taking care of a patient, the better59. Faced with the government threats to cut reimbursements indiscriminately, primary care physicians have to _________D_ .D) see more patients at the expense of quality60. Why do many new medical graduates refuse to choose primary care as their career? BB) The current system works against primary care.61. What suggestion does the author give in order to provide better health care? AA) Bridge the salary gap between specialists and primary care physicians.2010年6月Only two countries in the advanced world provide no guarantee for paid leave from work to care for a newborn child. Last spring one of the two, Australia,52. What do we learn about paid family leave from the first paragraph? AA) America is now the only developed country without the policy.53. What has prevented the passing of work-family balance laws in the United States? DD) The opposition from business circles.54. What is Professor Anne Alstott's argument for parental support? BB) Good parenting benefits society.55. What does the author think of America's large body of family laws governing children'sB) The fail to provide enough support for parents56. Why does the author object to classifying parenting as a personal choice? DD) It is basically a social undertaking.A new study from the Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning and Engagement (CIRCLE)57. What is the finding of a new study by CIRCLE? AA) More young voters are going to the polls than before.58. What is a main concern of the writers of Generation O? CC) Whether young people will continue to support Obama's policy.59. What will the Generation O bloggers write about in their posts? DD) Their lives in relation to Obama's presidency.60. What accounts for the younger generation's political strength according to Professor Henry CC) Their utilization of the Internet.61. What can we infer from the passage about Generation X? DD) They are indifferent to politics.2010年12月In the early 20th century, few things were more appealing than the promise of scientific knowledge. In a world struggling with rapid industrialization,52. In the early 20th century Americans believed science and technology could _______.[A] solve virtually all existing problems53. Why did many American scholars become enthusiastic about humanistic studies after World[D] They realized science and technology alone were no guarantee for a better world.54. Why are American scholars worried about education today?[C] America is lagging behind in the STEM disciplines.55. What accounts for the significant decline in humanistic studies today?[A] Insufficient funding.56. Why does the author attach so much importance to humanistic studies?[C] Humanistic thinking helps define our culture and values.Will there ever be another Einstein? This is the undercurrent of conversation at Einstein memorial meetings throughout the year.57. What do scientists seem to agree upon, judging from the first two paragraphs?[B] It will take another Einstein to build a unified theory.58. What was critical to Einstein’s success?[B] His independent and abstract thinking.59. What does the author tell us about physicists today?[D] They often go into fields yielding greater financial benefits.60. What does Brian Greene imply by saying “... it would be a lot harder for him to be heard”[C] Papers like Einstein’s would unlikely get published today.61. When he submitted his papers in 1905, Einstein _______.[B] was little known in academic circles2011年6月Minority Report1. What is the author's main concern about American higher education?B) The low graduation rates of minority students.2. What was the pride of President Barry Mills of Bowdoin College?D) Its increased enrollment of minority students.3. What is the risk facing America?B) The rising generation will be less well educated than the previous one.4. How many African-American students earned their degrees in California community colleges according to a recent review?C) Fifteen percent5. Harvard, Yale, and Princeton show almost no gap between black and white graduation rates mainly because .B) they recruit the best students6. How does Amy Wilkins of the Education Trust view minority students' failure to get a degree?A) Universities are to blame.7. Why do some students drop out after a year or two according to the author?B) They cannot afford the high tuition.Passage OneAt the heart of the debate over illegal immigration lies one key question: are immigrants good or bad for the economy? The American public overwhelmingly thinks they're bad. Yet the consensus among most economists is that immigration, both legal and illegal, provides a small net boost to the economy.52. What can we learn from the first paragraph?D) The general public thinks differently from most economists on the impact of immigration.53. In what way does the author think ordinary Americans benefit from immigration?B) They can get consumer goods at lower prices.54. Why do native low-skilled workers suffer most from illegal immigration?C) They have a harder time getting a job with decent pay.55. What is the chief concern of native high-skilled, better-educated employees about the inflow of immigrants?D) It may place a great strain on the state budget.56. What is the irony about the debate over immigration?C) People are making too big a fuss about something of small impact.Passage TwoPicture a typical MBA lecture theatre twenty years ago. In it the majority of students will have conformed to the standard model of the time: male, middle class and Western. Walk into a class today, however, and you'll get a completely different impression. For a start, you will now see plenty more women – the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School, for example, boasts that 40% of its new enrolment is female. You will also see a wide range of ethnic groups and nationals of practically every country.57. What characterises the business school student population of today?A) Greater diversity.58. What is the author's concern about current business school education?B) It will produce business leaders of a uniform style.D) It stresses competition rather than cooperation.59. What aspect of diversity does Valerie Gauthier think is most important?C) Attitude and approach to business.60. What applicants does the author think MBA programmes should consider recruiting?C) Applicants from outside the traditional sectors.61. What does Mannaz say about the current management style?D) It is shifting towards more collaborative models.2011年12月Google's Plan for World's Biggest Online Library: Philanthropy Or Act of Piracy?1. Google claims its plan for the world's biggest online library is _____.D) to promote its core business of searching2. According to Santiago de la Mora, Google's book-scanning project will _____.D) make full use of the power of its search engine3. Opponents of Google Books believe that digitally archiving the world's books should be controlled by _____.A) non-profit organizations4. Google has involved itself in a legal battle as it ignored _____.A) the copyright of authors of out-of-print books5. Google defends its scanning in-copyright books by saying that _____.B) it is willing to compensate the copyright holders6. What do we learn about the class action suit against Google?D) It could lead to more out-of-court settlements of such disputes.7. What remained controversial after the class action suit ended?C) Google's further exploitation of its database.Passage oneWhat's the one word of advice a well-meaning professional would give to a recent college graduate? China"} India! Brazil! How about trade!52. How do pessimists interpret the U.S. trade deficit in June?D) It could lead to slower growth of the national economy.53. What does the author say about the trade data of the past two years?A) It indicates that economic activities in the U.S. have increased.54. Who particularly benefit from the rising volume of trade?C) Producers of agricultural goods and raw materials.55. What is one of the challenges facing the American economy?B) People's reluctance to sp end.56. What is the author's advice to U.S. companies and individuals?C) To increase their market share overseas.Passage twoA recurring criti cism of the UK's university sector i s its perceived weakness in translatingnew knowledge into new products and services.57. What does the author think of UK universities in terms of commercialization?C) They still have a place among the world leaders.58. What does the author say about the national data on UK universities' performance in commercialization?C) It does not reflect the differences among universities.59. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that "policy interventions" (Line 1, Para. 4) refers to _____.D) concentration of resources in a limited numb er of universities60. What does the author suggest research-led universities do?B) Fully utilize their research to benefit all sectors of society.61. How can the university sector play a key role in the UK's economic growth?C) By promoting technology transfer and graduate school education.2012年6月The Three-Y ear Solution1. Why did Hartwick College start three-year degree programs?B) T o cut students’ expenses.2. By quoting Stephen Trachtenberg the author wants to say that .C) college facilities could be put to more effective use3. The author thinks the tenure system in American universities .A)suppresses creative thinking4. What is said about the new three-year degree program at Hartwick?A) Its students have to earn more credits each year.5. What do we learn about Judson College’s three-year degree program?A) It has been running for several decades.6. What changes in high schools help students earn undergraduate degrees in three years?B) More students have Advanced Placement credits.7. What is said to be a drawback of the three-year college program?B) Students don’t have much time to roam intellectually.Passage OneAs anyone who has tried to lose weight knows, realistic goal-setting generally produces the best results. That's partially because it appears people who set realistic goals actually work more efficiently, and exert more effort, to achieve those goals.52. What message does the author try to convey about goal-setting?A) Its negative effects have long been neglected.53. What does Maurice Schweitzer want to show by citing the example of Enron?D) Goals with financial rewards have strong motivational power.54. How did Sears’ goal-setting affect its employees?C) They resorted to unethical practice to meet their sales quota.55. What do advocates of goal-setting think of Schwei tzer’s research?C) Its conclusion is not based on solid scientific evidence.56. What is Schweitzer’s contention against Edwin Locke?D) Studying goal-setting can throw more light on successful business practices.Passage T woFor most of the 20th century, Asia asked itself what it could learn from the modern, innovating West. Now the question must be reversed. What can the West’s overly indebted and sluggish (经济滞长的) nations learn from a flourishing Asia?57. What has contributed to the rapid economic growth in China and India?D) Free market plus government intervention.58. What does Ronald Reagan mean by saying “government is the problem” (line4, Para. 3)?C) Government action is key to solving economic problems.59. What stopped the American economy from collapsing in 2007?D) Effective measures adopted by the government.60. What is the author’s suggestion to the American public in face of the public government deficit?C) They give up the idea of smaller government and less regulation.61. What’s the pr oblem with the European Union?D) Excessive borrowing.。
(完整版)历年6级阅读真题(整理版)
历年英语六级阅读真题(2012,6---2006,12)2012 年12 月英语六级阅读真题(1) Passage OneAmid all the job losses of the Great Recession, there is one category of worker that the economic disruption has been good for: nonhumans.From self-service checkout lines at the supermarket to industrial robots armed with saws and taught to carve up animal carcasses in slaughter-houses, these ever-more-intelligent machines are now not just assisting workers but actually kicking them out of their jobs.Automation isn’t just affecti ng factory workers, either. Some law firms now use artificial intelligence software to scan and read mountains of legal documents, work that previously was performed by highly paid human lawyers.“Robots continue to have an impact on blue-collar jobs, and white-collar jobs are under attack by microprocessors,” says Edward Leamer, an economics professor at UCLA’s Anderson School of Management and director of the UCLA Anderson Forecast, a survey of the U.S. and California economies. Leamer says the recession permanently wiped out 2.5 million jobs. U.S. gross domestic product has climbedback to pre-recession levels, meaning we’re producing as much as before, only with 6 percent fewer workers. To be sure, robotics are not the only job killers out there, with outsourcing stealing far more gigs than automation.Jeff Burnstein, president of the Robotics Industry Association, a trade group in Ann Arbor, Mich., argues that robots actually save U.S. jobs. His logic: companies that embrace automation might use fewe r workers, but that’s still better than firing everyone and moving the work overseas.It’s not that robots are cheaper than humans, though often they are. It’s that they are better. “In some cases the quality requirements are so stringent that even if you wanted to have a human do the job, you couldn’t,” Burnstein says.Same goes for surgeons, who are using robotic systems to perform an ever-growing list of operations—not because the machines save money but because, thanks to the greater precision of robots, the patients recover in less time and have fewer complications, says Dr. Myriam Curet.Surgeons may survive the robot invasion, but others at the hospital might not be so lucky, as iRobot, maker of the Roomba, a robot vacuum cleaner, has been showing off Ava, a three-foot-tall droid on wheels that carries a tablet computer. iRobot reckons Ava could be used as a courier in a hospital.And once you’re home, recovering, Ava could let you talk to your doctor, so there’s no need to send someone to your h ouse. That “mobile telepresence” could be useful at the office. If you’re away on a trip, you can still attend a meeting. Just connect via videoconferencing software, so your face appears on Ava’s screen.Is any job safe? I was hoping to say “journalist,” but researchers are already developing algorithms that can gather facts and write a news story. Which means that a few years from now, a robot could be writing this column. And who will read it? Well, there might be a lot of us hanging around with lots of free time on our hands.(2) Passage TwoYou've now heard it so many times, you can probably repeat it in your sleep. President Obama will no doubt make the point publicly when he gets to Beijing: the Chinese need to spend more; they need to consume more; they need —believe it or not — to become more like Americans, for the sake of the global economy.And it's all true. But the other side of that equation is that the U.S. needs to save more. For the moment, American households actually are doing so. After the personal-savingsrate dipped to zero in 2005, the shock of the economic crisis last year prompted people to snap shut their wallets.In China, the household-savings rate exceeds 20%. It is partly for policy reasons. As we've seen, wage earners are expected to care for not only their children but also their aging parents. And there is, to date, only the flimsiest（脆弱的）of publicly-funded health care and pension systems, which increases incentives for individuals to save while they are working. But China is a society that has long esteemed personal financial prudence（谨慎）for centuries. There is no chance that will change anytime soon, even if the government creates a better social safety net and successfully encourages greater consumer spending.Why does the U.S. need to learn a little frugality(节俭). Because healthy savings rates are one of the surest indicators of a country's long-term financial health. High savings lead, over time, to increased investment, which in turn generates productivity gains, innovation and job growth. In short, savings are the seed corn of a good economic harvest.The U.S. government thus needs to act as well. By running constant deficits, it is dis-saving, even as households save more. Peter Orszag, Obama's Budget Director, recently called the U.S. budget deficits unsustainable and he's right. Todate, the U.S. has seemed unable to have what Indiana Governor Mitch Daniels has called an "adult conversation" about the consequences of spending so much more than is taken in. That needs to change. And though Hu Jintao and the rest of the Chinese leadership aren't inclined to lecture visiting Presidents, he might gently hint that Beijing is getting a little nervous about the value of the dollar —which has fallen 15% since March, in large part because of increasing fears that America's debt load is becoming unmanageable.That's what happens when you're the world's biggest creditor: you get to drop hints like that, which would be enough by themselves to create international economic chaos if they were ever leaked. (Every time any official in Beijing deliberately publicly about seeking an alternative to the U.S. dollar for the $2.1 trillion China holds in reserve, currency traders have a heart attack.) If Americans saved more and spent less, consistently over time, they wouldn't have to worry about all that.2012 年6 月英语六级阅读真题(3)Passage OneAs anyone who has tried to lose weight knows, realisticgoal-setting generally produces the best results. That's partially because it appears people who set realistic goals actually work more efficiently, and exert more effort, to achieve those goals.What's far less understood by scientists, however, are the potentially harmful effects of goal-setting.Newspapers relay daily accounts of goal-setting prevalent in industries and businesses up and down both Wall Street and Main Street , yet there has been surprisingly little research on how the long-trumpeted practice of setting goals may have contributed to the current economic crisis , and unethical （不道德的）behavior in general.“Goals are widely used and promoted as having really beneficial effects. And yet, the same motivation that can push people to exert more effort in a constructive way could also motivate people to be more likely to engage in unethical behaviors,” says Maurice Schweitzer, an associate professor at Penn’s WhartonSchool.“It turns out there’s no economic benefit to just having a goal---you just get a psychological benefit” Schweitzer says.“But in many cases, go als have economic rewards that make them more powerful.”A prime example Schweitzer and his colleagues cite is the 2004 collapse of energy-trading giant Enron, where managers used financial incentives to motivate salesmen to meet specific revenue goals. The problem, Schweitzer says, is the actual trades were not profitable.Other studies have shown that saddling employees with unrealistic goals can compel them to lie, cheat or steal. Such was the case in the early 1990s when Sears imposed a sales quota on its auto repair staff. It prompted employees to overcharge for work and to complete unnecessary repairs on a companywide basis.Schweitzer concedes his research runs counter to a very large body of literature that commends the many benefits ofgoal-setting. Advocates of the practice have taken issue with his team’s use of such evidence as news accounts to support his conclusion that goal-setting is widely over-prescribedIn a rebuttal (反驳) paper, Dr. Edwin Lockewrites:“Goal-setting is not going away. Organizations cannot thrive without being focused on their desired end results anymore than an individual can thrive without goals to provide a sense of purpose.”But Schweitzer contends the “mounting causal evidence” linking goal-setting and harmful behavior should be studied to help spotlight issues that merit caution and further investigation. “Even a few negative effects could be so large that they outweigh many positive effects,” he says.“Goal-setting does help coordinate and motivate people. My idea would be to combine that with careful oversight, a strong organizational culture, and make sure the goals that you use are going to be constructive and not significantly harm the organization,” Schweitzer says.(4) Passage twoFor most of the 20th century, Asia asked itself what it could learn from the modern, innovating West. Now the question must be reversed. What can the West’s overly indebted and sluggish (经济滞长的) nations learn from a flourishing Asia?Just a few decades ago, Asia’s two giants were stagnati ng(停滞不前) under faulty economic ideologies. However, once China began embracing free-market reforms in the 1980s, followed by India in the 1990s, both countries achieved rapidgrowth. Crucially, as they opened up their markets, they balanced market economy with sensible government direction. As the Indian economist Amartya Sen has wisely said, “The invisible hand of the market has often relied heavily on the visible hand of government.”Contrast this middle path with America and Europe, which have each gone ideologically over-board in their own ways. Since the 1980s, America has been increasingly clinging to the ideology of uncontrolled free markets and dismissing the role of government---following Ronald Regan’s idea that “government is not the solution to o ur problem; governmentis the problem. “Of course, when the markets came crashing down in 2007, it was decisive government intervention that saved the day. Despite this fact, many Americans are still strongly opposed to “big government.”If Americans could only free themselves from their antigovernment doctrine, they would begin to see that the America’s problems are not insoluble. A few sensible federal measures could put the country back on the right path. A simple consumption tax of, say, 5% would significantly reduce the country’s huge government deficit without damaging productivity. A small gasoline tax would help freeAmerica from its dependence on oil imports and create incentives for green energy development. In the same way, a significant reduction of wasteful agricultural subsidies could also lower the deficit. But in order to take advantage of these common-sense solutions, Americans will have to put aside their own attachment to the idea of smaller government and less regulation. American politicians will have to develop the courage to follow what is taught in all American public-policy schools: that there are good taxes and bad taxes. Asian countries have embraced this wisdom, and have built sound long-term fiscal (财政的) policies as a result.Meanwhile, Europe has fallen prey to a different ideological trap: the belief that European governments would always have infinite resources and could continue borrowing as if there were no tomorrow. Unlike the Americans, who felt that the markets knew best, the Europeans failed to anticipate how the markets would react to their endless borrowing. Today, the European Union is creating a $580 billion fund to ward off sovereign collapse. This will buy the EU time, but it will not solve the bloc’s larger problem.2011 年12 月英语六级阅读真题(5) Passage OneQuestions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.What's the one word of advice a well-meaning professional would give to a recent college graduate? China"} India! Brazil! How about trade!When the Commerce Department reported last week that the trade deficit in June approached $50 billion, it set off a new round of economic doomsaying. Imports, which soared to $200.3 billion in the month, are subtracted in the calculation of gross domestic product. The larger the trade deficit, the smaller the GDP. Should such imbalances continue, pessimists say, they could contribute to slower growth.But there's another way of looking at the trade data. Over the past two years, the figures on imports and exports seem not to signal a double-dip recession – a renewed decline in the broad level of economic activity in the United States – but an economic expansion.The rising volume of trade – more goods and services shuttling in and out of the United States – is good news for many sectors. Companies engaged in shipping, trucking, rail freight, delivery,and logistics (物流) have all been reporting better than expected results. The rising numbers signify growing vitality in foreign markets – when we import more stuff, it puts more cash in the hands of people around the world, and U.S. exports are rising because more foreigners have the ability to buy the things we produce and market. The rising tide of trade is also good news for people who work in trade-sensitive businesses, especially those that produce commodities for which global demand sets the price – agricultural goods, mining, metals, oil.And while exports always seem to lag, U.S. companies are becoming more involved in the global economy with each passing month. General Motors sells as many cars in China as in America each month. While that may not do much for imports, it does help GM's balance sheet – and hence makes the jobs of U.S.-based executives more stable.One great challenge for the U.S. economy is slack domestic consumer demand. Americans arepaying down debt, saving more, and spending more carefully. That's to be expected, given what we've been through. But there's a bigger challenge. Can U.S.-based businesses, large and small, figure out how to get a piece of growing global demand? Unless you want to pick up and move to India, orBrazil, or China, the best way to do that is through trade. It may seem obvious, but it's no longer enough simply to do business with our friends and neighbors here at home.Companies and individuals who don't have a strategy to export more, or to get more involved in foreign markets, or to play a role in global trade, are shutting themselves out of the lion's share of economic opportunity in our world.(6) Passage TwoA recurring criticism of the UK's university sector is its perceived weakness in translating new knowledge into new products and services.Recently, the UK National Stem Cell Network warned the UK could lose its place among the world leaders in stem cell research unless adequate funding and legislation could be assured. We should take this concern seriously as universities are key in the national innovation system.However, we do have to challenge the unthinking complaint that the sector does not do enough in taking ideas to market. The most recent comparative data on the performance of universities and research institutions in Australia, Canada, USA and UKshows that, from a relatively weak starting position, the UK now leads on many indicators of commercialisation activity.When viewed at the national level, the policy interventions of the past decade have helped trans form the performance of UK universities. Evidence suggests the UK's position is much stronger than in the recent past and is still showing improvement. But national data masks the very large variation in the performance of individual universities. The evidence shows that a large number of universities have fallen off the back of the pack, a few perform strongly and the rest chase the leaders.This type of uneven distribution is not peculiar to the UK and is mirrored across other economies. In the UK, research is concentrated: less than 25% of universities receive 75% of the research funding. These same universities are also the institutions producing the greatest share of PhD graduates, science citations, patents and licence income. The effect of policies generating long-term resource concentration has also created a distinctive set of universities which areresearch-led and commercially active. It seems clear that the concentration of research and commercialisation work creates differences between universities.The core objective for universities which are research-led must be to maximise the impact oftheir research efforts. These universities should be generating the widest range of social, economic and environmental benefits. In return for the scale of investment, they should share their expertise in order to build greater confidence in the sector.Part of the economic recovery of the UK will be driven by the next generation of research commercialisation spilling out of our universities. There are three dozen universities in the UKwhich are actively engaged in advanced research training and commercialisation work.If there was a greater coordination of technology transfer offices within regions and a simultaneous investment in the scale and functions of our graduate schools, universities could, and should, play a key role in positioning the UK for the next growth cycle.2011 年6 月英语六级阅读真题(7) Passage OneQuestions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.At the heart of the debate over illegal immigration lies one key question: are immigrants good or bad for the economy? The American public overwhelmingly thinks they're bad. Yet the consensus among most economists is that immigration, both legal and illegal, provides a small net boost to the economy. Immigrants provide cheap labor, lower the prices of everything from farm produce to new homes, and leave consumers with a little more money in their pockets. So why is there such a discrepancy between the perception of immigrants' impact on the economy and the reality?There are a number of familiar theories. Some argue that people are anxious and feel threatened by an inflow of new workers. Others highlight the strain that undocumented immigrants place on public services, like schools, hospitals, and jails. Still others emphasize the role of race, arguing that foreigners add to the nation's fears and insecurities. There's some truth to all these explanations, but they aren't quite sufficient.To get a better understanding of what's going on, consider the way immigration's impact is felt. Though its overall effect may be positive, its costs and benefits are distributed unevenly. David Card, an economist at UC Berkeley, notesthat the ones who profit most directly from immigrants'low-cost labor are businesses and employers – meatpacking plants in Nebraska, for instance, or agricultural businesses in California. Granted, these producers' savings probably translate into lower prices at the grocery store, but how many consumers make that mental connection at the checkout counter? As for the drawbacks of illegal immigration, these, too, are concentrated. Native low-skilled workers suffer most from the competition of foreign labor. According to a study by George Borjas, a Harvard economist, immigration reduced the wages of American high-school dropouts by 9% between 1980-2000.Among high-skilled, better-educated employees, however, opposition was strongest in states with both high numbers of immigrants and relatively generous social services. What worried them most, in other words, was the fiscal (财政的)burden of immigration. That conclusion was reinforced by another finding: that their opposition appeared to soften when that fiscal burden decreased, as occurred with welfare reform in the 1990s, which curbed immigrants' access to certain benefits.The irony is that for all the overexcited debate, the net effect of immigration is minimal. Even for those most acutely affected – say, low-skilled workers, or California residents –the impact isn't all that dramatic. "The unpleasant voices have tended to dominate our perceptions," says Daniel Tichenor, a political science professor at the University of Oregon. "But when all those factors are put together and the economists calculate the numbers, it ends up being a net positive, but a small one." Too bad most people don't realize it.(8) Passage TwoPicture a typical MBA lecture theatre twenty years ago. In it the majority of students will have conformed to the standard model of the time: male, middle class and Western. Walk into a class today, however, and you'll get a completely different impression. For a start, you will now see plenty more women – the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School, for example, boasts that 40% of its new enrolment is female. You will also see a wide range of ethnic groups and nationals of practically every country.It might be tempting, therefore, to think that the old barriers have been broken down and equal opportunity achieved. But,increasingly, this apparent diversity is becoming a mask for a new type of conformity. Behind the differences in sex, skin tones and mother tongues, there are common attitudes, expectations and ambitions which risk creating a set of clones among the business leaders of the future.Diversity, it seems, has not helped to address fundamental weaknesses in business leadership. So what can be done to create more effective managers of the commercial world? According to Valerie Gauthier, associate dean at HEC Paris, the key lies in the process by which MBA programmes recruit their students. At the moment candidates are selected on a fairly narrow set of criteria such as prior academic and career performance, and analytical and problem solving abilities. This is then coupled to a school's picture of what a diverse class should look like, with the result that passport, ethnic origin and sex can all become influencing factors. But schools rarely dig down to find out what really makes an applicant succeed, to create a class which also contains diversity of attitude and approach – arguably the only diversity that, in a business context, really matters.Professor Gauthier believes schools should not just be selecting candidates from traditional sectors such as banking,consultancy and industry. They should also be seeking individuals who have backgrounds in areas such as political science, the creative arts, history or philosophy, which will allow them to put business decisions into a wider context.Indeed, there does seem to be a demand for the more rounded leaders such diversity might create. A study by Mannaz, a leadership development company, suggests that, while the bully-boy chief executive of old may not have been eradicated completely, there is a definite shift in emphasis towards less tough styles of management – at least in America and Europe. Perhaps most significant, according to Mannaz, is the increasing interest large companies have in more collaborative management models, such as those prevalent in Scandinavia, which seek to integrate the hard and soft aspects of leadership and encourage delegated responsibility and accountability.2010 年12 月英语六级阅读真题(9) Passage OneIn the early 20th century, few things were more appealing than the promise of scientific knowledge. In aworld struggling with rapid industrialization, science and technology seemed to offer solutions to almost every problem. Newly created state colleges and universities devoted themselves almost entirely to scientific, technological, and engineering fields. Many Americans came to believe that scientific certainty could not only solve scientific problems, but also reform politics, government, and business. Two world wars and a Great Depression rocked the confidence of many people that scientific expertise alone could create a prosperous and ordered world. After World War Ⅱ, the academic world turned with new enthusiasm to humanistic studies, which seemed to many scholars the best way to ensure the survival of democracy. American scholars fanned out across much of the world—with support from the Ford Foundation, the Fulbright program, etc.—to promote the teaching of literature and the arts in an effort to make the case for democratic freedoms.In the America of our own time, the great educational challenge has become an effort to strengthen the teaching of what is now known as the STEM disciplines (science, technology, engineering, and math). There isconsiderable and justified concern that the United States is falling behind much of the rest of the developed world in these essential disciplines. India, China, Japan, and other regions seem to be seizing technological leadership.At the same time, perhaps inevitably, the humanities—while still popular in elite colleges and universities—have experienced a significant decline. Humanistic disciplines are seriously underfunded, not just by the government and the foundations but by academic institutions themselves. Humanists are usually among the lowest-paid faculty members at most institutions and are often lightly regarded because they do not generate grant income and because they provide no obvious credentials (资质) for most nonacademic careers.Undoubtedly American education should train more scientists and engineers. Much of the concern among politicians about the state of American universities today is focused on the absence of “real world” education—which means preparation for professional and scientific careers. But the idea that institutions ortheir students must decide between humanities and science is false. Our society could not survive without scientific and technological knowledge. But we would be equally impoverished (贫困的) without humanistic knowledge as well. Science and technology teach us what we can do. Humanistic thinking helps us understand what we should do.It is almost impossible to imagine our society without thinking of the extraordinary achievements of scientists and engineers in building our complicated world. But try to imagine our world as well without the remarkable works that have defined our culture and values. We have always needed, and we still need, both.(10) Passage TwoWill there ever be another Einstein? This is the undercurrent of conversation at Einstein memorial meetings throughout the year. A new Einstein will emerge, scientists say. But it may take a long time. After all, more than 200 years separated Einstein from his nearest rival, Isaac Newton.Many physicists say the next Einstein hasn’t been born yet, or is a baby now. That’s because the quest for a unified theory that would account for all the forces of nature has pushed current mathematics to its limits. New math must be created before the problem can be solved.But researchers say there are many other factors working against another Einstein emerging anytime soon.For one thing, physics is a much different field today. In Einstein’s day, there were only a few thousand physicists worldwide, and the theoreticians who could intellectually rival Einstein probably would fit into a streetcar with seats to spare.Education is different, too. One crucial aspect of Einstein’s training that is overlooked is the years of philosophy he read as a teenager—Kant, Schopenhauer and Spinoza, among others. It taught him how to think independently and abstractly about space and time, and it wasn’t long before he became a philosopher himself.“The independence created by philosophical insight is—in my opinion—the mark of distinction between a mere artisan (工匠) or specialist and a real seeker after。
英语六级考试历年阅读试题译文(6月)·资格考试
同时，网络中出现了越来越多的蜘蛛、虫子、间谍和其他的一些自动化的动物，它们被预先指定闯入网站，对信息进行查找和分类。所有这些都为那些想进攻弱小的网站并对其造成伤害的反社会的人提供了绝妙的工具。
Passage Three
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就拿公立教育来说。学校面对的主要困难是学生人数的急剧增长。这种状况的形成主要是由于就业的法定年龄提高了，并且即使到了法定年龄也很难找到工作。由于这些技术的进步，企业在未来的将比以前需要更少的工人。结果必须是进一步提高就业的法定年龄，以及达到法定工作年龄后就业更加困难。如果我们不能让孩子们工作，那么，我们必须让他们上学。
英语六级考试历年阅读试题译文(6月)
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20xx年6月六级试题译文
Passage One
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在英国乡间的小村子里还有人记得那些不用想着锁门的美好的老日子。那时根本不用担心犯罪。
令人惊奇的是，这些幸福的时光似乎还在世界的社团里与我们同在。一个天才的程序员，丹·法穆用他自称为“撒旦”的自动调查程序所做的一项最新研究表明，万维网一半多的主人建立了不上锁的家。
我们同样相信目前缩短日工作时数和周工作时数的趋势将持续下去。我们已经有了，并且将继续保有一个新的休闲阶层。自从经济萧条开始以来，成人公立教育机构就被迅速蔓延的萧条浪潮所淹没。萧条过后，他们的状况可能会好一点。他们的支持必须来自纳税人。
当然，我们不能过多地期望公立教育经费的提高都由地方各界来负担。他们对当前限制的、不完善的制度无能为力。地方各界解决不了失业的问题。他们不可能如我们所期望的那样来解决公立教育问题。解决失业的办法是联邦救济金。解决公立教育问题的办法也只能靠联邦拨款，并且，应该是这样。如果说有这么一件事情全国各地的居民都感兴趣的话，那么，这件事情就是全国各地居民都能接受良好的教育。现在，我们所得税的一部分被用来维持我们邻居(失业者)的生活。有一部分也可能会被用来使我们的邻居(失业者)变得更聪明。我们现在想通过联邦贫民救济金来保存我们这一代人。只有当一个民族决心毁掉下一代的时候，他才会拒绝拨给公立教育所需要的联邦经费。
2014年6月大学英语六级阅读真题及参考答案【2】
2014年6月大学英语六级阅读真题及参考答案【2】阅读二Opinion polls are now beginning to show that,whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on,high unemployment is probably here to say.This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely.But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not rather encourage many ways for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of production and work?The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most peopl e’s work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now becoming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people’s homes. Later, as transport improved first by rail and then by road, people commuted longer distances to their placesof employment until, eventually, many people’s work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they live.Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In preindustrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and families to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today, and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes.It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were excluded—a problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives.All this may now have to change.The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the idealist goal creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.21.What is the main idea of the passage?A) Employment became widespread in the 17th and 18th centuries.B) Unemployment will remain a major problem for industrialized nations.C) The industrial age may now be coming to an end.D) Some efforts and resources should be devoted to helping more people cope with the problem of unemployment.22.Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a factor contributing to the spread of employment?A) The enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries. B) Thedevelopment of factories.C) Relief from housework on the part of women. D) Development of modern means of transportation.23.It can be inferred from the passage that____.A)most people who have been polled believe that the problem of unemployment may not be solved within a short period of timeB) many farmers lost their land when new railways and factories were being constructedC) in preindustrial societies housework and community service were mainly carried out by womenD) some of the changes in work pattern that the industrial age brought have been reversed24.What does the word “daunting” in the third paragraph mean?A) Shocking B) Interesting C) Confusing D) Stimulating25.Which of the following is NOT suggested as a possible means to cope with the current situation?A) Create situations in which people work for themselves. B) Treat employment as the norm.C) Endeavor to revive the household and the neighborhood as centers of production.D) Encourage people to work in circumstances other than normal working conditions.。