非谓语动词-现在分词的讲解
非谓语动词讲解(超全)

非谓语动词讲解(超全)非谓语动词是指动词的非限定形式,不可以独立作谓语。
它可以由动词原形、现在分词和过去分词构成,常见的形式有不定式、动名词和分词。
一、不定式:不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,常常在句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
它的构成方式为"to + 动词原形"。
例句:1. To learn a foreign language is not easy.(作主语)2. She wants to go shopping.(作宾语)3. The best way to learn English well is to practice every day.(作表语)4. He has a lot of work to finish.(作定语)不定式也具有进行时态、完成时态和被动语态的形式:进行时态:to be + 动词的现在分词完成时态:to have + 动词的过去分词被动语态:to be + 动词过去分词例句:1. He seems to be sleeping.(不定式进行时态)2. You should have told me earlier.(不定式完成时态)3. The car needs to be repaired.(不定式被动语态)二、动名词:动名词是指动词的-ing形式,它可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语。
在句中的位置和用法与名词相似。
例句:1. Reading is my favorite hobby.(作主语)2. I enjoy swimming in the summer.(作宾语)3. Her dream is becoming a famous singer.(作表语)4. The girl standing over there is my sister.(作定语)5. He went to the party without saying goodbye.(作状语)动名词与不定式的区别在于动名词具有进行时态和被动语态,而不定式没有。
14.突破语法知识—非谓语动词之现在分词-讲义

14.突破语法知识—非谓语动词之现在分词一、动词-ing形式概述动词-ing形式包括现在分词(the present participle)和动名词,是三种非谓语动词之一。
现在分词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。
动名词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词的句法功能。
动词-ing形式的功能动词-ing的形式:1.He hurried home,looking behind as he went.2.Having finished their work,they had a rest.3.The large building being built is a library.4.Having been shown the lab,we were taken to see the library.二、现在分词的两个基本特点1、在时间上表示动作正在进行There are many sleeping students in class.2、在语态上表示主动Feeling the lesson is boring,the students are sleepy.三、现在分词的构成1、一般动词,变化:加+ing,例子:wash——washing,read——reading2、以不发音字母e结尾的动词,变化:去掉e,再加+ing,例如:make——making write——writing use——using3、以重读闭音节结尾的动词且末尾只有一个辅音字母,变化:双写最后的辅音字母,再加+ing,例如:run——running,swim——swimming,put——putting4、以ie结尾的动词,变化:改ie为y,再加+ing,例如:lie——lying,die——dying,tie——tying5、以c结尾的动词,变化:变c为ck,再加+ing,例子:picnic→picnicking,traffic→trafficking(例外:arc 作弧形运动,arcing)6、以l结尾的动词,变化:如果动词原形以非重读音节结尾,则末尾的字母l双写与不双写均可。
非谓语动词的时态和语态

非谓语动词的时态和语态非谓语动词是指在句中不充当谓语成分,通常以动词原形或动词的其他非限定形式呈现的动词。
非谓语动词的时态和语态主要根据上下文确定,本文将详细介绍非谓语动词的时态和语态的使用。
一、非谓语动词的时态1. 不定式:不定式作为非谓语动词形式,不受时态的限制,通常表示动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
例如:- To understand English well, one must practice every day.(为了能够很好地理解英语,人们必须每天练习。
)- I forgot to buy milk on the way home.(我从没想到,在回家的路上忘了买牛奶。
)2. 现在分词:现在分词作为非谓语动词形式,通常表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时或一般性的动作。
例如:- Walking along the street, I noticed a small cafe.(在街上走的时候,我注意到了一家小咖啡馆。
)- The teacher was talking to the students, explaining the new lesson.(老师正在和学生们谈话,解释新的课程。
)3. 过去分词:过去分词作为非谓语动词形式,通常表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前已经完成的动作。
例如:- Having finished his homework, the boy went out to play.(孩子做完作业后,出去玩了。
)- The injured man was taken to the hospital, accompanied by his family.(受伤的人被他的家人陪同着送到了医院。
)二、非谓语动词的语态非谓语动词的语态主要包括主动语态和被动语态,具体如下:1. 不定式的语态:不定式的语态通常与主句的语态保持一致。
例如:- She wants to be promoted.(她想要升职。
现在分词做非谓语动词讲解

现在分词做非谓语动词讲解分词作为非谓语动词是句子中常见的一种语法结构。
分词有两种形式:现在分词(-ing形式)和过去分词(-ed形式)。
现在分词作为非谓语动词时,它可以用来修饰名词或代词,也可以用来表示主动的主语所具有的动作或状态。
下面是一些现在分词作为非谓语动词的常见用法和相关参考内容。
1. 现在分词作主语补语现在分词可以作为主语补语,用来补充解释或说明主语的特征、性质或状态,常见的结构有:- It/This/That/There/They/We + be + 现在分词- 名词 + be + 现在分词例句:- It is fascinating watching the sunset over the ocean.- This book is really interesting reading.参考内容:- "Grammar in Use" by Raymond Murphy- "Practical English Usage" by Michael Swan- "English Grammar in Use" by Raymond Murphy2. 现在分词作宾语补语现在分词可以作为及物动词的宾语补语,用来修饰宾语,表示被动的动作或状态。
常见的结构有:- 动词 + 宾语 + 现在分词例句:- I found the article quite confusing.- She considers singing in public a great achievement.参考内容:- "English Grammar and Usage" by Leech and Svartvik- "Collins COBUILD English Guides" by John Sinclair- "A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language" by Randolph Quirk et al.3. 现在分词作状语现在分词可以作为状语,修饰整个句子或者句子中的某个成分,表示时间、原因、方式、条件等。
非谓语动(现在分词和过去分词)

非谓语动词——现在分词一、定义现在分词是由v+ing构成,具有动词的特征,在功能上具有adj.和adv.的特点,在句中可以做定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语等。
之前,即,not dong/not being done/not having done/not having been done.但在having done结构中,never应放在having和done之间,即,having never done。
翻译:Having never been there/Not having been there, I can’t tell you what the place is like.1.一般式:由v+ing构成,语态上表现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系,在时间上表示进行或与谓语动词同时发生/存在的动作或状态。
填空:1) The girl ______(sing) for us is ten years old.2) _______(wear) a new pair of glasses, she can read easily.2. 完成式:having+done,语态上表示该现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系,在时间上表示已完成或先于谓语动词的动作或状态。
填空:1) _______(receive) the letter, I know everything is all right.2) ________(have) my supper, I went out for a walk.3. 被动式:1)being done 2)having been done,语态上表示该现在分词短语与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系;时间上being done表示和谓语动词同时发生,having been done表示在谓语动词之前已发生或完成。
填空:The building _________(build) will be completed next year.三、现在分词的用法及功能(一)作定语1. 现在分词作定语时其逻辑主语为其所修饰的名词。
非谓语动词讲解举例子

非谓语动词讲解举例子非谓语动词是指除了谓语动词之外的其他动词形式,包括动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词。
非谓语动词可以在句子中作主语、宾语、定语、状语等成分。
下面将分别介绍非谓语动词的形式及其用法,并举例说明。
1. 动词不定式(to+动词原形)动词不定式一般用在动词后面,可以表示目的、意图、原因、结果等。
例句:- I went to the supermarket to buy some groceries.(我去超市买了一些杂货。
)这里的不定式"to buy"表示目的。
- My friends and I decided to go hiking this weekend.(我和我的朋友决定这个周末去远足。
)这里的不定式"to go"表示动作的意图。
2. 现在分词(动词+ing)现在分词可以用作形容词,表示正在进行的动作。
例句:- The running water is so clear.(流动的水很清澈。
)这里的现在分词"running"作为形容词修饰水。
- I saw a crying child on the street.(我看到了街上一个哭泣的孩子。
)这里的现在分词"crying"作为形容词修饰孩子。
3. 过去分词(一般以-ed、-en或其他形式结尾)过去分词一般用作形容词,表示被动或完成的动作。
例句:- The broken window needs to be repaired.(破损的窗户需要修理。
)这里的过去分词"broken"作为形容词修饰窗户。
- She was thrilled to receive the unexpected gift.(她收到这个意外的礼物感到兴奋。
)这里的过去分词"unexpected"作为形容词修饰礼物。
非谓语动词还有其他用法,如作状语、宾语补足语等,下面是一些例子:- Being a doctor, he is always busy.(作状语)作为一个医生,他总是很忙。
(完整版)名词的非谓语动词形式讲解

(完整版)名词的非谓语动词形式讲解名词的非谓语动词形式是指名词在句子中充当动词而不是名词的功能。
非谓语动词有三种形式:不定式、现在分词和过去分词。
1. 不定式不定式是名词最常见的非谓语动词形式之一。
不定式可以表示目的、愿望、惯以及某些特定的动作或状态。
不定式的形式是“to + 动词原形”。
例如:- I want to go to the beach.(我想去海滩。
)- He likes to play basketball.(他喜欢打篮球。
)2. 现在分词现在分词是动词的一种形式,可以用作形容词或者动词。
现在分词的形式是动词原形加上-ing。
在名词中,现在分词用于描述正在进行的动作或者具有特定特征的人或物。
例如:- The running man is my brother.(那个跑步的人是我哥哥。
)- The interesting book is on the table.(有趣的书在桌子上。
)3. 过去分词过去分词是动词的一种形式,常用作形容词,表示完成的动作或状态。
过去分词的形式有规律变化和不规则变化。
在名词中,过去分词也用于描述或修饰人或物。
例如:- The broken vase was expensive.(那个破损的花瓶很贵。
)- She is interested in the written article.(她对那篇书面文章很感兴趣。
)综上所述,名词的非谓语动词形式主要包括不定式、现在分词和过去分词。
掌握这些形式的用法和规则可以帮助我们更准确地表达自己的意思,并丰富我们的语言表达能力。
*注意:以上内容仅供参考,具体语法使用请根据具体语境和句子结构进行判断和运用。
*。
分词非谓语动词讲解

分词非谓语动词讲解分词非谓语动词是英语中的一种非谓语动词形式,常见的分词有现在分词(-ing形式)和过去分词(-ed/-en形式)。
分词非谓语动词在句子中可以作主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾补、状语等成分,具有形容词和副词的特点。
下面是对分词非谓语动词的详细讲解及相关参考内容。
一、现在分词的用法:1. 作定语:现在分词作定语时修饰名词,表示该名词所描述的事物或状态形如:- The running water sounds very pleasant.(现在分词作定语修饰名词water)- She saw a crying baby on the street.(现在分词作定语修饰名词baby)参考内容:-《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》-《剑桥高阶英汉双解词典》2. 作状语:现在分词作状语时修饰整个句子或句子的某一部分。
分词短语可以表示时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件等相关意义。
如:- Feeling tired, she decided to take a break.(现在分词短语表示原因)- Understanding the task, they started to work.(现在分词短语表示条件)参考内容:-《剑桥高阶英汉双解词典》-《英汉大词典》二、过去分词的用法:1. 作定语:过去分词在句中作定语时,修饰名词,表示该名词被动、完成或被描述的状态,如:- The broken vase needs to be repaired.(过去分词作定语修饰名词vase)- The information provided is accurate.(过去分词作定语修饰名词information)参考内容:-《朗文当代高级英语辞典》-《剑桥国际英语高级词典》2. 作表语:过去分词可以作表语,表示主语的状态或特征,如:- He is interested in the books written by the famous author.(过去分词作表语修饰主语)- The glass is broken.(过去分词作表语修饰主语)参考内容:-《剑桥高阶英汉双解词典》-《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》三、分词作宾补的用法:分词非谓语动词可以作及物动词的宾语补足语,表示被动、完成的意义,如:- She found the door locked.(分词作宾补修饰宾语door)- They heard the news announced on the radio.(分词作宾补修饰宾语news)参考内容:-《韦氏英语用法词典》-《剑桥高阶英汉双解词典》综上所述,分词非谓语动词的用法主要包括现在分词作定语、状语,过去分词作定语、表语和宾补等。
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非谓语动词非谓语动词包括不定式(to do)、动名词(-ing)、现在分词(-ing)与过去分词(-ed)。
它们不受主语人称和数的限制,在句子中不能充当谓语,但可以充当句子的其他成分,并且有时态和语态的变化。
动词-ing形式的要点1.-ing的形式2.-ing形式的基本用法(1)作主语:Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
(2)作表语:Her job is washing and cooking.(3)作宾语:①作及物动词的宾语。
She likes drawing very much.②作某些短语动词的宾语。
Mary is thinking of going back to New York.③ do+限定词(my, some, any, the等)+v.-ing,表示“做…事”之如do some cleaning打扫卫生do some shopping购物④作介词的宾语:Her sister is good at learning physics.⑤作形容词worth, busy等的宾语:This book is well worth reading.只接动词-ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有:admit 承认appreciate 感激avoid 避免put off推迟keep 保持consider 考虑delay/ postpone耽搁dislike 嫌恶resist 抵制mention 提及enjoy 喜欢escape 避免excuse 原谅practice 练习mind介意fancy想不到feel like 意欲finish 完成risk 冒险include 包括forgive 原谅give up 放弃suggest 建议miss 逃过imagine 想象can’t help 情不自禁involve 需要can’t stand无法忍受understand 理解常见的带介词to的短语:be used to 习惯be related to 与……有关get down to 着手做contribute to 贡献put one’s mind to全神贯注于give rise to 引起be equal to 胜任devote oneself to 献身于lead to 导致be opposed to 反对look forward to 盼望object to 反对stick to 坚持pay attention to 注意(4)作定语:The sleeping child is only five years old.(5)作宾语补足语:We can see steam rising from the wet clothes.可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see, watch, hear, observe, feel, find, have, keep等。
(6)作状语:①时间状语:Seeing Tom, I couldn't help thinking of his brother.分词在句中作时间状语时,其前一般可加when或while,如:When crossing street, you must be careful.②原因状语:Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday.③方式或伴随状语:Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty.3. 主动语态-ing完成式的基本用法。
主动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前,一般在句中作时间或原因状语用。
句中的主语是它的逻辑主语,并且是它所表示的动作的执行者,如:Having answered the letter, she went on to read an English novel.4. 被动语态-ing一般式的基本用法。
被动语态-ing一般式所表示的动作是一个正在进行中的被动动作,而且这个被动动作也是和句中谓语所表示的动作同时发生的。
它一般在句中作定语或状语用。
如:The truck being repaired there is ours.5. 被动语态-ing完成式的基本用法。
被动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,在句中一般作状语用。
如:Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.6. -ing形式的复合结构。
在-ing前加物主代词或名词所有格即构成-ing的复合结构。
其中的物主代词或名词所有格为-ing的逻辑主语。
这种结构在句中可作主语、宾语或表语,如:Your smoking and drinking too much will do harm to your health.7.分词独立主格结构当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时,带逻辑主语的分词短语成为独立主格结构,在句法功能上起状语作用。
例如:Weather permitting, they will go and visit the science museum.The meeting being over, they all left the room.Given more time, we could do it better.The moon appearing, they decided to go on with their journey.She stood there, book in hand.Everybody at home, we sat down to dinner.8. with + 复合宾语结构(1)with + 名词/ 代词+ 形容词Don’t speak with your mouth full.(2)with + 名词/ 代词+ 副词The square looks more beautiful than ever with the lights on.(3)with + 名词/ 代词+ 介词短语He was asleep with his head on his arms.(4)with + 名词/ 代词+ -ing分词She felt very nervous with so many people looking at her.With the old man leading, the two started toward the mountains.(5)with + 名词/ 代词+ 不定式With five minutes to go before the last train left, we arrived here.(6)with + 名词/ 代词+ -en分词With his matter settled, we left the room.【2012全国卷II】⒑ Tony lent me the money, ___ that I’d do as much for him.A. hopingB. to hopeC. hopedD. having hoped【答案】A【2012重庆】23. ______to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.A. Having been askedB. To askC. Having askedD. To be asked 【答案】A【答案】A【2012全国】28. The party will be held in the garden,weather .A. permittingB. to permitC. permittedD. permit【答案】A【2012北京】23. One learns a language by making mistakes and______ them.A. correctsB. correctC. to correctD. correcting【答案】D【2012福建】34. Pressed from his parents, and ____ that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games.A. realizingB. realizedC. to realizeD. being realized【答案】A【2012陕西】15. _______ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad.A. StandingB. To standC. StoodD. Stand【答案】A【2012湖南】31. The lecture, _____ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.A. startingB. being startingC. to startD. to be started【答案】A【2012天津】11. He got up late and hurried to his office, ______ the breakfast untouched.A. leftB. to leaveC. leavingD. having left【答案】C【2012辽宁】25. The old couple often take a walk after super in the park with their pet dog ____.A. to followB. followingC. followedD. follows【答案】B【2012四川】8. I looked up and noticed a snake ______ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.A. to windB. windC. windingD. wound【答案】C。