非谓语动词的动名词和现在分词

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非谓语动词考点总结归纳

非谓语动词考点总结归纳

非谓语动词考点总结归纳非谓语动词是英语语法中的重要部分,包括动词不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。

在句子中,非谓语动词不充当主谓宾等主要成分,而是在句子中起到修饰、补充、强调、并列等作用。

以下是非谓语动词的常见考点总结和归纳:1. 非谓语动词作主语或宾语:动词不定式和动名词可以作为句子主语或宾语,而分词则只能作宾语。

这种句型通常具有主语被动的语气,如"It's no use crying over spilt milk"(为洒了的牛奶哭泣是没有用的)。

2. 原因状语从句的省略:原因状语从句中如果主语和主句主语一致,可以省略成分,转化为非谓语动词短语作为从句。

如“Because he was ill, he couldn't come"(由于他病了,他不能来),可以省略成分转化为“Being ill, he couldn't come”(病了,他不能来)。

3. 动词不定式的主被动和完成式:动词不定式有主动和被动两种形式,因此可以表示主被动关系,如"To have tea or to behad tea?(喝茶还是被喝茶?)。

此外,还可以用完成式表示动作已经完成,如"I am happy to have finished my homework"(我很高兴完成了我的作业)。

4. 動名詞所表示的時態:動名詞表示的时间和现在分词可以通过简单地分析句子中动词的时态来确定。

如“Tom enjoys playing tennis”(汤姆喜欢打网球)中playing tennis表示的是一个经常性的动作,而“Tom is playing tennis now”(汤姆现在正在打网球)中playing tennis则表示现在正在进行的动作。

5. 分词作定语:现在分词和过去分词经常用作定语修饰名词,如shining stars(闪闪发亮的星星)、a book written by Hemmingway(海明威写的一本书)。

(完整版)非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词

(完整版)非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词

非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义,我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。

1.不定式和动名词作主语的区别(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。

Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟。

(抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。

(具体)(2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。

不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。

Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。

(经验)Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。

(经验)(3)不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置。

It took me only five minutes to finish the job.2.不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别(1)不定式作表语1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。

To do two things at a time is to do neither.--次做两件事等于未做。

What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。

2)如果主语是不定式(表示条件),表语也是不定式(表示结果)。

To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。

To work means to earn a living.工作就是为了生活。

3)如果主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,happiness,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等为中心的名词,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。

非谓语动词的三种形式

非谓语动词的三种形式

非谓语动词共分为三种,构成形式如下:1.动词不定式(Infinitives):2.现在分词和过去分词(present participles & past participles):3. 动名词(gerunds)下面我们依据句子的成分,来具体分析非谓语动词的不同用法。

1.非谓语动词做主语和表语主语、表语和同位语在句子中用名词来担当,非谓语动词中动词不定式和动名词均可以用作名词,因此,动词不定式和动名词可以用来担当这三种成分。

1)非谓语动词做主语一般情况下,用动名词来做主语的情况比较多,动词不定式用作主语的情况比较少。

通常来说,在表达将来的要发生的事情时用不定式来作主语,而表达一般情况习惯性的动作时用动名词来作主语。

例如:Teaching is a tiring but satisfying job.Swimming is a good kind of exercise.To be an astronaut is Johnson’s desire.在用it做形式主语的句子中通常用动词不定式来做真正的主语。

例如:It is necessary (for you) to give up smoking.It is everyone’s duty to protect the environment.但是值得注意的是在各别情况下,即使是It做形式主语,真正的主语也必须用动名词,这些情况很少,所以希望同学们能单独记忆下来,以下是此类情况的一个总结。

It is/was no use/good doing sth.It is/was not any use/good doing sth.It is/was of little use/good doing sth.2)非谓语动词做表语非谓语动词作此成分的时候跟作主语时的规则基本一致。

在表示“目的,愿望,梦想,需求”等名词做主语时其表语应该用不定式.例如:Her wish was to become an artist.她的愿望是成为一位艺术家Our aim is to help them,not to teach them a lesson.我们的目的是帮助他们,而不是教训他们。

非谓语动词的种类与非谓语动词的形式

非谓语动词的种类与非谓语动词的形式

非谓语动词的种类与非谓语动词的形式一、非谓语动词的种类非谓语动词是指在句子中不作谓语,通常用作句子的其他成分或修饰动词、形容词等的动词形式。

根据其形式和语义特点,非谓语动词可分为以下几种类型:1. 原形动词:即动词的原始形态,通常具有动作或状态的意义。

例如:to go(去)、to eat(吃)、to sleep(睡觉)等。

2. 动名词:由动词的-ing形式构成,常用作名词,表示动作、状态或具体事物。

例如:swimming(游泳)、running(跑步)、drinking (喝水)等。

3. 不定式:由to + 动词原形构成,可作名词、形容词、副词或动词的补语等。

例如:to read(读书)、to be(是)、to help(帮助)等。

4. 分词:根据用途和构成方式的不同,分词可分为现在分词和过去分词。

a. 现在分词:以-ing结尾的动词形式,可表示同时进行的动作或被动形式。

例如:running(跑步的)、working(工作的)等。

b. 过去分词:通常为动词的第三人称单数形态或以-ed、-en等结尾,可表示被动、完成或完成时态等。

例如:spoken(说过的)、written(写过的)等。

二、非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词的形式与其种类相关,可根据种类的不同确定其形式:1. 原形动词:原形动词本身即为其形式,无需变化。

例如:to go (去)。

2. 动名词:动名词的形式是将动词的原形加上-ing。

例如:swimming(游泳)。

3. 不定式:不定式的形式为to + 动词原形。

例如:to read(读书)。

4. 分词:a. 现在分词:以-ing结尾。

例如:running(跑步的)。

b. 过去分词:根据动词的不同,过去分词的形式有多种形式,例如:- 以-ed结尾的过去分词,如spoken(说过的)。

- 以-en结尾的过去分词,如written(写过的)。

通过上述介绍,我们可以清晰地了解非谓语动词的种类及其相应的形式。

非谓语动词的分类与形式

非谓语动词的分类与形式

非谓语动词的分类与形式非谓语动词是指在句子中不充当谓语的动词形式。

它具有自己的词性和句法作用,可以作主语、宾语、定语、状语等。

非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词三种形式,它们在语法上有一定的分类与形式。

本文将对非谓语动词的分类与形式进行探讨。

一、不定式形式不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式,通常由"to + 动词原形"构成。

不定式的形式简单明了,具有诸多的用法。

根据其功能不同,不定式可分为以下几类:1.1 主动形式不定式的主动形式表示动作或状态的主动和一般性,常用于主动句中作为动词的宾语或宾补,例如:- She likes to swim in the sea.(她喜欢在海里游泳。

)- They want to visit the museum.(他们想参观博物馆。

)1.2 被动形式不定式的被动形式表示动作或状态的被动和一般性,常用于被动句中作为动词的宾语或宾补,例如:- The box needs to be carried upstairs.(这个盒子需要被搬到楼上。

)- He wants to be invited to the party.(他想被邀请参加派对。

)1.3 完成形式不定式的完成形式表示动作或状态在谓语动词之前发生,常用于表示完成的动作或状态,例如:- They seem to have finished the project.(他们似乎已经完成了这个项目。

)- I happen to have seen that movie before.(我碰巧之前看过那部电影。

)二、动名词形式动名词是以动词的-ing形式作为名词使用,具有名词和动词的特点。

动名词可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。

根据其功能不同,动名词可分为以下几类:2.1 主动形式动名词的主动形式表示动作的主动和持续性,常用于主动句中作为主语或动词的宾语,例如:- Swimming is good for health.(游泳对健康有益。

非谓语动词-动名词&现在分词

非谓语动词-动名词&现在分词

非谓语动词定义:句子中的谓语一定是动词但动词的不一定总是作谓语. 当动词在句子中作谓语外的其它成分时,称为非谓语动词一动名词: Ving定义:动名词即动词的ing格式,具备动词的特征,又具有名词[n]的语法功能一格式[含动名词&现在分词]二动名词Ving的句法功能:充当主语宾语表语定语同位语1作主语[n]Reading aloud is very helpful Writing a dictionary is a long and difficult business but we are getting there. Collecting stamps is interesting Watching the event on television was a poor substitute for actually being there. Walking after supper is good for you. Having to change train is not convenient Being deaf and dumb makes communication difficult※注: 动名词作主语时,可以用形式主It代替,而把动名词置后.2作表语[n]His job is building houses. My hobby is collecting stamps. In the ant city, the queen’s job is laying eggs.3作宾语 [动名词可做动词宾语和介词宾语] [n]They haven’t nishing building the damp. She left without saying anything to us.They suggested building a garden I am afraid of being punished by the teacher.We remember seeing him in the USA last year. Man’s dream of landing on the moon came true in 1968. Would you mind my tuning down the radio ? Ann never dream of there being a chance for her to go abroad.※注※::动名词作宾语,若其后跟有宾语补足语,常用形式宾语It 代替, 动名词置后[与动名词作主语时类似] We found making fun of others is no good → We found it no good making fun of others.[注意:It后没有is].We think complaining is no good→ We think it no use complaining.※注※:必须记住,以下谓语动词只能跟动名词作宾语A void Risk Deny Can't help Object to be Be busy Insist on Keep…from Delay Mind Admit Keep miss Be used to Think of Spend… in Stop…from Enjoy permit Excuse Be worth Get used to Dream of Succeed in Protect…from Finish Forbid Imagine Set about Pay attention to Be fond of Engaged in Prevent…from Suggest Practice Appreciate feel like Look for word to注意:Consider‘考虑’ doing Consider‘认为’to do4作定语:表被修饰语的作用功能用途等[n]The old man walks with a walking stick. [A stick for walking]Is there a swimming pool in your school?[a pool for swimming]We need a fishing net to catch more fish. [a net for fishing]Could you confirm the departing time ? [ a time for departing]5作同位语:The cave, his hiding place is secret.The activity, tricking or treating, depends on your respond.His Habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged.二现在分词定义:现在分词既具有动词的特征,又具备形容词和副词的语法功能.1作定语:分词单独作定语时,放在被修饰词语前面In the following years he worked even harder.分词短语做定语时,放在被修饰词语后面The men speaking to the teacher are students parents.※注※:现在分词做定语,相当于一个定语从句:In the following years = in the years that followed;The man speaking to the teacher = The man who is speaking to the teacher.2做表语Collecting stamps is interesting.The present situation of China is inspiring.The film being showed in the cinema is so exciting.3做宾语补足语[1]宾语补足语的定义:句子中位于宾语后、表示宾语的动作\性质\特征\功能等的句子成分:We find the apple [dropping from the tree]. We drew the apple [red].[2]以下系动词常跟现在分词作宾补.Leave CatchGet Let Have MakeFeel See Watch Look at Hear Listen to Find Notice Observe Keep1 We get\let\have\make\help the boy finishing the work.2 The women rushed out of the house, leaving her baby crying.3 We found the water leaking out of the tap, it maybe broken.4 We kept the car waiting for us outside.5 Can you hear her singing the song in the next room ?6 There was a girl sitting here.4做状语1时间状语: While working in that factory, he was an advanced engineer.2条件状语:[IF] playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.3原因状语: Being a cop, you guys have to do this .4结果状语:He dropped the cup, breaking it into pieces.5目的状语:We went shopping. Let’s go shipping the other day.6让步状语:Though raining heavily, it clean up very soon. Given time and dedication, you will succeed.7方式状语:[伴随状语] :同一主语同时发出2个动作He stayed[动作] at home, cleaning[动作] the house all day long..同一主语同时处于2个状态All night long she stayed awake[状态], being angry [状态]about this同一主语发出1个动作时又伴随有某一状态. All night long she stayed awake[状态], thinking[动作] about thisHe sat in the armchair, reading the news paper.Following his master, the dog entered the house.8 独立主格[具备逻辑主语]:I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head. Time permitting, we will do another 2 exercises. All the tickets having been sold out, they went back disappointedly. The meeting being over, all of us went home. 与’with’连用: With the lights burning, he fell asleep. Without bringing the map, we got lost .9 独立成分[不具逻辑主语]:Adjusting from his appearance, he must be a actor. Generally speaking, girls are more careful.。

动词的非谓语形式有三种不定式动名和分词

动词的非谓语形式有三种不定式动名和分词

注①
admit,appreciate,avoid,consider, delay, dislike,enjoy,escape, excuse,face,feel like,finish,forgive,give up, imagine,include,keep,mention,mind,miss,practise,put off,resist, risk,suggest,can’t help,can’t stand(无法忍受)等动词后可以用动名词作宾语,但不能用不定式.
2
动名词的复合结构同由
物主代词
人称代词宾格 +动名词 构成
名词所有格
普通格加
2
2.动名词的复合结构
句子开头必须用名词所有格或物主代词.
例如: His coming made me very happy. Mary’s crying annoyed him. She didn't mind his crying. Is there any hope for Xiao Wang’s winning?
但在 It is no use/ good,not any use/ good,useless /there is no …等后必须用动名词。 例如:
01
02
2)作表语.
例如: Her job is teaching.
He is fond of playing football.
01
I like swimming.
I must remember to do it. (我必须记着做这事.) I tried not to go there. (我没法不去那里. He stopped to talk. (他停下来讲话.) I mean to come early today. (我打算今早些来.)

非谓语动词(动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词和动名词)

非谓语动词(动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词和动名词)

非谓语动词(动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词和动名词)一、概念一个简单句只能有一个动词做谓语,这个动词叫谓语动词;在这个简单句中,其他没有做谓语的动词,不管有多少个,都不能做谓语,这些动词就叫非谓语动词。

这是英语语法极其重要的一个原则。

谓语动词要以谓语动词形式表达出来,非谓语动词要以非谓语动词的形式表达出来。

非谓语动词包括:动词不定式-to do动名词-doing现在分词-doing过去分词-done非谓语动词,顾名思义,就是不是做谓语的动词;非谓语动词除了不做谓语,可以做主语、宾语、定语、状语和表语等各种其他句子成分。

要掌握非谓语动词的用法,就是要掌握不同非谓语动词在各个句子成分的不同含义和用法。

二、非谓语动词的用法区别从含义上大略可以区别:过去分词-done一般表示被动、完成的意思,所以从主动和被动方面先可以把过去分词和动词不定式、现在分词、动名词区分开来。

动词不定式一般表示目的、还未发生的动作。

现在分词一般表示正在进行或与谓语动词同时发生的动作。

动名词具有名词的特性,在句中一般做主语、宾语、表语。

所以,就区别to do与doing的区别就可以了。

1、to do与doing(动名词)的区别(主要是在做主语、表语和宾语时的区别)(1)做主语和表语的区别一般来说,在表示比较抽象的一般行为或者经常性行为时多用动名词;在表示具体的某次动作,特别是将来发生的动作,多作不定式。

做主语:Smoking is prohibited here.此地禁止抽烟。

To invite him to tomorrow party is necessary.邀请他参加明天的聚会是必要的。

做表语:My job is teaching English .我的工作是教英语。

Our task now is to increase food production.我们现在的任务是增加粮食产量。

表语是以下一些词,一般用动名词做真正主语:注意:it是形式主语,动名词是真正主语。

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Excercise:

Our job is playing all kinds of music. The film is exciting.


Thank you!
非谓语动词的动名词和现在分词
gerund vs. present participle
形式上:v.+ing
含义用法不同
动名词 现在分词
具有名词的特点,可作主语、宾语、表语、 时间上:正在进行;语态:主动 定语等; 可作:状语、补语、表语、定语等成分 还具有动词的某些特点,如:可带宾语, 可受副词修饰等。 Dancing is fun. I enjoy dancing. My job is raising pigs. swiming pool; reading room Walking quickly is difficult than speaking it. Being ill, she stayed at home. Please answer the question using another way. Don't have the students studying all day. The argument is very convincing. a running boy; the girl standing there
作表语的区别
动名词作表语,兼有n. 和v. 的特征, 可以用物主代词(my/his)和名词所 有格来修饰 One of his bad habits is not speaking clearly. What we expected is Tom's/his coming. 现在分词作表语,表示主语的性质、 特征,具有adj.的特点 The situation is encouraging. The news is exciting.
作定语的区别
动名词作定语:大多表示用 途 smoking room; drinking water; a walking stick 现在分词作定语,表示动作 由中心词所表示的人、物发 出。 a reading girl; a girl is reading a sleeping child; a child is sleeping
通常可与主语更换位置 不可与主语更换位置 What worried the child most was his not being allowed to visit his mother. His not being allowed to visit his mother was what worried the child most.
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