高英期末翻译

Lesson 8Most investigations in the field of industrial psychology are concerned with the question of how the productivity of the individual worker can be increased, and how he can be made to work with less friction; psychology has lent its services to "human engineering," an attempt to treat the worker and employee like a machine which runs better when it is well oiled. While Taylor was primarily concerned with a better organization of the technical use of the worker's physical powers, most industrial psychologists are mainly concerned with the manipulation of the worker's psyche The underlying idea can be formulated like this: if he works better when he is happy, then let us make him happy, secure, satisfied, or anything else, provided it raises his output and diminishes friction. In the name of " human relations," the worker is treated with all devices which suit values are recommended in the interest of better relations a completely alienated person; even happiness and human with the public. Thus, for instance, according to Time magazine, one of the best-known American psychiatrists said to a group of fifteen hundred Supermarket executives: "It's going to be an increased satisfaction to our customers if we are happy... It is going to pay off in cold dollars and cents to management, if we could put some of these general principles of values, human relationships, really into practice." One speaks of "human relations" and one means the most inhuman relations, those between alienated automatons ; one speaks of happiness and means the perfect routinization which has driven out the last doubt and all spontaneity在工业心理学方面的大多数调查都是关于如何使工人的生产率得以提高，如何能使他少带一些抵触情绪去工作。

心理学已用来服务于"人类工程"，即试图把工人和雇员当作机器来对待，认为他们也像机器一样，只要加好油，就能运转得好一些。

泰勒主要关心的是如何在工业生产上更好地组织使用工人的体力，而大多数工业心理学家关心的主要是如何左右工人的心灵。

可以这样来表达其基本思想：如果他高兴就能工作得好一些的话，那么就让我们使他高兴、安心、满意或别的什么的，只要这样能提高他的产量，减少抵触情绪就行。

在"人际关系"的名义下，他们用对一个完全冷漠的人的一切手段去对待一个工人；就是幸福和人们的价值观也是从与公众建立更好的关系这个角度提出来的。

例如，据《时代》周刊报导，美国一位最著名的精神病学家对一批1 500名超级市场经理人员说："如果我们是高高兴兴的，我们的顾客就会感到更满意……如果我们真的能把某些有关价值观和人际关系的总的原则付诸实践，那么对资方来说，换来的将是实实在在的金钱。

"他们讲的是"人际关系"，指的却是最最非人的关系，冷漠的机器人之间的关系。

他们讲的是幸福，指的却是完全机械的重复活动，这种活动使人完全失去了独立的思考和任何的主动性。

Lesson9In a basement under one of the beautiful public buildings of Omelas, or perhaps in the cellar of one of its spacious private homes, there is a room. It has one locked door, and no window. A little light seeps in dustily between cracks in the boards, secondhand from a cobwebbed window somewhere across the cellar. In one corner of the little room a couple of mops, with stiff, clotted, foul-smelling heads, stand near a rusty bucket. The floor is dirt, a little damp to the touch, as celar dirt usually is. The room is about three paces long and two wide: a mere broom closet or disused tool room. In the room a child is sitting. It could be a boy or a girl. It looks about six, but actually is nearly ten. It is feeble-minded. Perhaps it was born defective, or perhaps it has become imbecile through fear, malnutrition, and neglect. It picks its nose and occasionally fumbles vaguely with its toes or genitals, as it sits hunched in the corner farthest from the bucket and the two mops. It is afraid of the mops. It finds them horrible. It shuts its eyes, but it knows the mops are still standing there; and the door is locked; and nobody will come. The door is always locked; and nobody ever comes, except that sometimes--the child has no understanding of time or interval--sometimes the door rattles terribly and opens, and a person, or several people, are there. One of them may come in and kick the child to make it stand up, The others never come close, but peer in at it with frightened, disgusted eyes. The food bowl and the water jug are hastily filled, the door is locked, the eyes disappear. The people at the door never say anything, but the child, who has not always lived in the tool room, and can remember sunlight and its mother's voice, sometimes speaks. "1 will be good," it says. "Please let me out. I will be good!" They never answer. The child used to scream for help at night, and cry a good deal, but now it only makes a kind of whining, "eh-haa, eh-haa," and it speaks less and less often. It ls so thin there are no calves to its legs; its belly protrudes; it lives on a half-bowl of corn meal and grease a day. It is naked. Its buttocks and thighs are a mass of festered sores, as it sits in its own excrement continually.在奥米勒斯城某幢漂亮的公共建筑下面的地下室里，也许是在一所宽敞的私宅的地窖里，有一个房间。